TW201936052A - Mosquito repellent spray formulation - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a method of preventing a bite and/or repelling an insect pest from a human and/or animal subject, which method involves spraying a substrate location with a liquid formulation containing a vapour-active pyrethroid and a volatile organic solvent, where the formulation is provided in a pump spray bottle and the vapour-active pyrethroid is provided in an amount of from 1 wt% to 12 wt% of the formulation and/or the formulation provides a deposit of from 1 mg to 12 mg of pyrethroid per spray.

Description

Insect repellent

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an insecticide spray that can be used indoors, particularly outdoors, to provide useful insect (especially mosquito) bite protection to protected objects over a period of time.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Even if the documents listed or discussed in this specification clearly belong to the prior disclosure, such listing or discussion is not necessarily an admission that the document is part of the prior art or common general knowledge.

In many parts of the world, mosquito humming is not just a distraction, it may indicate a disease such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and zika. Infected to the bite. Even if people try to protect themselves from bites by using insect repellents, such insect repellents may only be effective when they are within a few inches of their body. Such lingering at close range will make people feel anxious / irritable due to the constant buzzing of mosquitoes.

Other types of pests can also pose a threat to people. Such bites can be irritating and, in the worst case, can be life-threatening due to allergic reactions. These species include, but are not limited to, pupae, sand flies, black flies, house flies, jungle flies, pupae, horse flies, bees, wasps, ants, cockroaches, pupae, ticks and mites. Although most (but not all) of these species are not disease carriers, they can still cause distress to them for a variety of reasons when they appear in or around people and animals.

In view of the foregoing, many efforts have been made to provide insect repellents or other isolation methods capable of driving such pests away from humans and / or animals, with varying degrees of success. These efforts have generally focused on three aspects of physical barriers, insecticidal compositions, and insect repellent compositions.

It has been proven that physical barriers, such as mosquito nets, can be impregnated with insecticides and / or insect repellents, which can effectively prevent people from biting at rest. However, for people who are active (because of restrictions on the activity) or indoor or outdoor entertainment venues, this barrier is not practical because it can prevent people from enjoying their environment.

Insecticides have had limited success in reducing or eliminating the threat of bites in enclosed environments, such as indoors. Such pesticides take the form of aerosols, combustible mosquito coils, and electronic devices that release the pesticides into the air over a period of time. The principle of all these forms is that an effective amount of pesticide is released into the air to eliminate pests in a limited space during the effective period of the pesticide. Although these forms can be extremely effectively applied to confined spaces that can be closed to prevent further invasion by pests (or at least make it difficult for further entry), they have limited effectiveness in outdoor environments or in any confined space where it is difficult to prevent pest species from entering . In the latter case, in order to prevent / prevent pests, it may be necessary to periodically put insecticides into the confined space, which may pose a health risk to people who need to stay in the space for a long time.

Active insect repellent substances such as N, N-diethylm-toluidine (DEET) have been shown to be effective in repelling a range of flying insects such as mosquitoes and various flies. Other insect repellent products that have been commercialized include products containing natural substances such as lemongrass or lemongrass, whose efficacy is questionable. However, in order to achieve effectiveness, the composition containing the above-mentioned insect repellent must be applied to human skin and / or clothing. Most insect repellent spray products come in the form of aerosols containing DEET or natural ingredients. Because these aerosol products press the propellant and the insect repellent composition into the pressurized tank together, the aerosol is highly flammable and is widely classified as a dangerous product. As mentioned above, the effective protection range of these insect repellents is only a few inches, so even after applying the insect repellent, people can still see the pests or hear their sounds. That is, although bites may have been prevented, people may still feel unwell by visually or audibly feeling the presence of pests. Another disadvantage of the deworming substance (both DEET and natural ingredients) is that when it is applied to people's skin, it may especially need to be applied repeatedly (such as the panic caused by Zika disease in the Americas and Southeast Asia in 2016). Period), may cause health risks due to the toxicity of the active agents used. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that DEET should not be administered to infants under two months of age, and provides children with a guideline for the recommended strength of DEET, while also recommending that natural ingredients not be administered to children under three . The DEET formula does not have to be made into an aerosol. It can also be made into a cream that is directly applied to the skin, but this does not solve the aforementioned safety problems. At the same time, the inefficiencies of naturally classified products have become widely known. Therefore, if people need to stay in an airtight space or outdoor environment for a long time, they may have doubts about the long-term health effects of repeated application of insect repellents, or they may give up their use in some cases. Insect repellents increase the risk of being bitten by pests.

In view of the above-mentioned various restrictions, there is still a need for a new method for repelling pests such as mosquitoes, which can not only effectively prevent bites, but also drive away pests so that people do not feel threatened.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preventing bites and / or driving harmful insects away from human and / or animal objects, the method comprising spraying a vapor-containing active preparation at at least one substrate site at a distance of 10 cm to 200 cm from the object. Formula of pyrethroid and volatile organic solvents, where:
The formula is provided in a press-type spray bottle; and the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula is 1% to 12%, and / or the formula provided in each spray by the formula The amount of pyrethroid deposition is 1mg ~ 12mg.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a formulation comprising a steam-active pyrethroid and a volatile organic solvent is provided, wherein the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formulation is 1% to 12%.
In various embodiments of the first aspect of the invention:
(a) the amount of pyrethroid deposition provided by the formula in each spray is 2 mg to 8 mg, for example, 4 mg;
(b) the number of matrix sites is 2-10, optionally 3-7 matrix sites, such as 4 matrix sites;
(c) the distance between the nozzle of the pressure spray bottle and the at least one substrate during spraying is 1cm ~ 40cm, and the nozzle of the pressure spray bottle is selectively separated from the at least one substrate during spraying The distance maintained by the site is 10cm ~ 30cm (such as 20cm);
(d) The angle of the nozzle of the press-type spray bottle and the plane of the substrate site during spraying can be maintained at 25º ~ 90º, and the nozzle of the press-type spray bottle can selectively contact the substrate during spraying. The angle of the plane of the place is 35º ~ 60º (such as 45º);
(e) the at least one matrix site may be located on the ground, a wall, or a table bottom, and optionally, the at least one matrix site may be located on the ground;
(f) the harmful insect is a mosquito;
(g) the subject and the at least one matrix site are outdoors;
(h) The formulation is sprayed 1 to 4 times on the at least one substrate site, and / or the method prevents bites and / or expels harmful insects from the object for a period of 1-10 hours.

In each embodiment of the first and second aspects of the invention:
(a) The vapor-active pyrethroid may be selected from the group consisting of metofluthrin, dimefluthrin, profluthrin, heptafluthrin, One or more of the group of tetramethylfluthrin and transfluthrin (e.g., one selected from the group of metenin, tetrafluthrin, perfluthrin, and byfluthrin Or more (for example, the pyrethroid may be metenin or tetrafluthrin);
(b) the volatile organic solvent may be one or more selected from the group of volatile organic alcohols, volatile ketones, volatile ethers, and volatile esters (such as isopropanol or ethanol);
(c) the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula may be 2% to 8%, for example, it may be 4%;
(d) The formulation may further include one or more additives or excipients selected from the group of emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, colorants, and fragrances, optionally each additive or excipient in the formulation. The weight percentage is independently 0.0001% ~ 10%;
(e) The vapor-active pyrethroid may be metenin and the volatile organic solvent may be isopropanol and / or ethanol (eg, isopropanol), wherein metenin is present at 4 weight percent.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to an amazing discovery, manually pressing an activated vapor-active pyrethroid compound spray can be used for outdoor environmental protection objects. Therefore, the present application discloses a method for preventing bites and / or driving harmful insects away from human and / or animal objects, the method comprising spraying a vapor-containing active insecticide on at least one substrate site 10 cm to 200 cm away from the object Formula of permethrin and volatile organic solvents, where,
The formula is provided in a press-type spray bottle; and the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula is 1% to 12%, and / or the formula provided in each spray by the formula The amount of pyrethroid deposition is 1mg ~ 12mg.

In this application, the term "repellent" or its synonyms "repellent", "repellent" generally means preventing insects from entering or remaining in a place, or preventing them from falling on people after entering the place And / or animals. This includes both cases where behavioral effects such as confusion or disorientation after exposure to the formulation cause it to lose its ability to coordinate on the body of a human and / or animal target, as well as situations where it is knocked down or killed.

Steam-active pyrethroids that can be used in the method of the present invention include transfluthrin, perfluthrin, sevofluthrin, perfluthrin, byfunin, and combinations thereof. For example, the vapor-active pyrethroid may be one or more selected from the group of metenin, tetrafluthrin, perfluthrin, and befunin, such as metenin and / or tetramethrin Flumethrin.

Any suitable volatile organic solvent can be used to dissolve the vapor-active pyrethroid. Suitable volatile organic solvents include, but are not limited to, volatile organic alcohols, volatile ketones, volatile ethers, and volatile esters. For example, the volatile organic solvent may be isopropyl alcohol and / or ethanol.

As mentioned above, the composition used in the present application enables the deposition amount of the pyrethroid sprayed from the press-type spray bottle in each spray to be 1 mg to 12 mg (eg, 2 mg to 8 mg, and further, such as 4 mg). It is obvious that a person skilled in the art can formulate a suitable liquid formulation to ensure that a sufficient amount of the pyrethroid is sprayed out in each spray. For example, when a conventional palm-sized compression spray bottle is used, the weight percentage of the pyrethroid that may be contained in the formula may be 1% to 12% (such as 2% to 8%, further such as 4%). The remaining materials are the organic solvents.

However, it is understood that the composition may further include other additives or excipients. Other additives that may be included in the composition used in the above method include, but are not limited to, emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, colorants, and fragrances. Each of these additives and excipients can be incorporated into the composition in an appropriate amount when used, and the appropriate amount can be 0.0001% to 10% by weight.

For aesthetic reasons, colorants are used to color products containing the composition. Suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, malachite green, acid red, and rhodamine B. When fragrance is present in the product, it can provide a more consumer-friendly aroma when sprayed. Suitable flavors include, but are not limited to, jasmine or other floral oils or synthetic sesame oils, and synthetic raw materials such as menthol.

An emulsifier may be present in the composition described in this application. Among them, a variety of emulsifiers can be used, including but not limited to any one or a combination of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and polymer surfactants.

In one embodiment, the repellent composition may further include a preservative. For example, the preservative may be one or more selected from the group of sodium dehydroacetate, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate (such as sodium dehydroacetate and sodium benzoate, further such as sodium dehydroacetate).

The composition of the present invention has an effect on a series of insects, especially flying insects. The insect may be one or more selected from the group of mosquitoes, maggots, sand flies, black flies, house flies, jungle flies, pupae, horse flies, bees, wasps, ants, cockroaches, pupae, ticks and mites. In a specific embodiment disclosed by the present invention, the insect may be a mosquito.

When using the composition, one need only spray the composition on at least one substrate site. Any suitable substrate, non-absorbent and absorbent substrates can be used and the substrate can be located indoors or outdoors. A suitable substrate may be, for example, the floor, wall, or underside of a table. Optionally, the at least one matrix site is located on the ground, and both indoor and outdoor grounds are available.

For indoor environments, it may be sufficient to spray the composition described in this invention at only one location. However, it is also convenient to spray the composition at two or more places about 10 cm to 200 cm away from the protected object.

For outdoor environments, when there is no breeze or there is a constant breeze from the same direction, it may be sufficient to spray the composition described in this invention at only one location. It can be understood that, in the case of a constant breeze, in order to obtain the protection of the sprayed composition, the object should be located in a downwind position of the substrate sprayed with the composition and separated by a certain distance (for example, 10 cm to 200 cm apart). Understandably, it is very rare to have no wind or only a slight breeze from the same direction. Therefore, spraying may be required at a number of different substrate locations around the protected area (each location is 10-200 cm away from the object) to achieve more comprehensive coverage. For example, when the wind comes from two opposite directions, spraying can be performed at two substrate locations on opposite sides of the object, but when the outdoor wind is a whirlwind, up to ten around the object can be sprayed. (Or more). For convenience, the formula may be sprayed in an orderly (eg, north, south, east, west) four locations on the substrate around the subject. This spraying method can generally ensure that a sufficient amount of the pyrethroid is contained in a protected area even under conditions where the wind direction is often changed. This is because when the wind direction changes, it not only blows away the pyrethroids from one or more locations, but also blows into the area the pyrethroids from the remaining one or more locations. . Understandably, coverage can be increased by increasing the location of the matrix.

Although the spray formula can be sprayed onto the substrate using any suitable method, the most convenient application method of the formula can be to keep the nozzle of the spray bottle and the location of the substrate to be sprayed at 1 cm during spraying A distance of ~ 40cm and an angle of 25º ~ 90º with the plane of the matrix site. For example, the distance from the nozzle to the substrate may be, for example, 10 cm to 30 cm (eg, 20 cm), and / or the angle may be 35 ° to 60 ° (eg, 45 °).

As described in this application, the composition can be sprayed once at each application substrate site, and it can provide protection within 1 to 10 hours, such as 2 to 6 hours, depending on the environment. For example, a single spray of 4% by weight of pyrethroids at four substrate locations indoors can provide protection for up to 6 hours (such as 4-5 hours), while the same application outdoors can only Can provide 2 hours of protection. However, increasing the number of sprays at each location can extend the amount of protection provided in the protected area. For example, in an outdoor environment, two sprays containing 4% by weight of the pyrethroid formula can provide protection for up to 3 hours, and four sprays can provide protection for up to 4 hours. Understandably, when protection begins to weaken (observed by the presence of insects in the protected area that need to be driven away), if you need to stay longer in the area, you can be at the same (or slightly different) The site was sprayed further. In addition, it is understood that the number of applications (i.e. the length of protection) is affected by the relative strength of the pyrethroids in the formulation used. For example, if a formulation containing 12% by weight of a pyrethroid is used, a single spray can provide the same protection time as three sprays containing a 4% by weight of a pyrethroid formulation.

Hereinafter, other aspects and embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following non-limiting examples.
Examples
Materials and Method

Industrial grade / analytical standard mettenin was obtained from Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd. of Japan. Tetrafluthrin, Byfunin and Perfluthrin are also available from Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd. of Japan.

Obtained the standard of "Insecticide Products-Physical, Chemical and Biological Efficacy Requirements-Mosquito Repellent (Fourth Edition)" (MS 23: PART 1: 2006. Malaysia: Department of Standards Malaysia; 2006) issued by the Malaysian Ministry of Standards Mosquito coil.

All laboratory test mosquitoes were female Culex quinquefasciatus aged 2-5 days.

Unless otherwise stated, other chemicals are obtained from standard market suppliers.

Unless otherwise stated, large chambers (30m ³ ) are used in the following examples.
Example 1
Formulation and distribution

4% by weight of metenin (industrial grade) were dissolved in isopropanol, ethanol, and Exxsol D80 (D80) (all solvents were 96% by weight) by stirring to prepare three formulations. The resulting solution was transferred to an opaque PET compression spray bottle (100 mL). The resulting formulation contains 4% by weight of metenin (active agent) and 96% by weight of solvent.

Similarly, an isopropanol formulation of tefluthrin, befunin, and perfluthrin (all 4% by weight) was also prepared for use in Example 5.
Example 2
Laboratory test <br/> fanless test

This embodiment is performed in a large room with four walls and a volume of 30 m ³ . There are four boards (20 × 20cm ceramic tiles) at each wall facing the room, and the distance between each board and the center of the room is 100cm, and the distance between them is equal. Each plate was treated with a single spray of a mettenin-containing spray bottle, and the amount of the composition on each plate was recorded. Then, start the large room exhaust fan, and fully open the room's vents and ventilation windows for 1 to 4 hours to age the panels in the room. The exhaust volume was 10.83 m ³ per minute (about 1.9 times the volume of the chamber per minute), and no electric fan was used. At the beginning (and in the course of) the biological evaluation, the large room exhaust fan with its vents and windows closed.

The bioefficiency of the above-mentioned panels in the room after 1 hour and 4 hours after spraying were evaluated by comparison with a Malaysian reference standard mosquito coil containing 0.2% (w / w) Pynamin Forte. After 100 female mosquitoes (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) were placed indoors, knocked-down (bottom-facing) mosquitoes were counted at specific intervals over a period of up to 120 minutes.

When using mosquito coils as a control, close the large room exhaust fan and its vents. After placing the smoldering mosquito coil on the floor in the center of the room, immediately put 100 female mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) indoors and start timing. Subsequently, knocked-down (bottom-to-sky) mosquitoes were counted over a period of up to 120 minutes.

Each of the above tests was repeated four times, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Fan test

This test is the same as the above test, except that an electric fan (face-up) is provided in the center of the room to provide a wind speed of 0.5 to 0.6 m / s or 1 to 2 m / s. When using mosquito coils as a control, close the large room exhaust fan and its vents. After placing the smoldering mosquito coil on the center of the fan (face-up) located in the center of the room, immediately put 100 female mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) indoors and start timing. Over a period of up to 120 minutes, knocked-down (bottom-to-sky) mosquitoes were counted at appropriate intervals.

As described above, each test was repeated four times, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below. The KT ₅₀ value hereinafter is calculated by Probit Analysis.
Table 1
Table 2
table 3

As shown in Tables 1 to 3, after applying the composition to the test substrate for 1 hour and 4 hours, as compared to 0.2% (w / w) dextromethrin mosquito coil (the test was started immediately after ignition), Metnine compositions that are soluble in alcohol solvents are more effective under a variety of conditions. It can be seen that ethanol used in this study is superior to other solvents.
Example 3
Field test <br/> recipe

The field test used the above isopropanol formulation.
Approach

As described below, treatment methods A to C were applied to four tiles (20 × 20 cm). In treatment methods A to C, the formula was sprayed vertically at a distance of 20 cm from each tile.
Test Location

The field test was conducted in an open space during the rainy season in Malaysia. Therefore, the test site is located in the tropics, and the outdoor temperature during the test is 24ºC ~ 30ºC. Temperature, humidity and wind speed fluctuations at each selected test point were recorded every hour before and during the night during the treatment.

In order to select on-site test points, the number of insects in 10 test points was surveyed on the eve of the test from 21:00 to 22:00, and 6 test points with at least 6 insect drops per hour were finally selected.
volunteer

Six volunteers participated in each night trial. All volunteers were banned from drinking, smoking and using caffeinated beverages and flavor products throughout the trial. Before the test, volunteers were briefed on safety measures and asked to collect all mosquitoes that fell on them immediately before being bitten. In order to be consistent with the peak period of Culex pipiens biting activity, the experiment was selected at night (21: 00 ~ 01: 00).
Nude skin mosquito catching technology

Because the test season is the rainy season, an open tent with a height of 2.5m (has a 3m x 3m roof but no walls around it) is set at each test point. Each volunteer was assigned to a test site and sat under the tent at the test site. During each night test from 21:00 to 01:00 (4 hours), volunteers exposed their lower knees and collected all mosquitoes that fell on the legs. Within every hour, volunteers spent 50 minutes on mosquitoes and 10 minutes on rest. Among them, flat bottom 28mL glass tube was used to catch mosquitoes. In order to prevent mosquitoes from escaping, cotton was used to seal the tube body. The captured mosquitoes were brought back to the laboratory for species identification.
Night before and during processing

A total of six nights of data were collected: two of them were used by volunteers (randomly assigned) to capture mosquitoes within four hours using the method detailed above, but without any treatment; the remaining four nights were used by volunteers to After randomly assigned test points were processed (see Table 4), bite data was collected. Site 3 was selected as a natural control and was used to measure the daily fluctuation of the number of biting mosquitoes during the entire field experiment.

In each test point, four glossy tiles were set around the volunteers sitting at the point. The distance between the volunteers and the four tiles was 0.5 ~ 1.0m. The treatment method of each tile is shown in Table 4 below. When using mosquito coils, volunteers are located 0.5 to 1.0 m below the mosquito coil. When the wind direction changes, volunteers must stay in the mosquito coil downwind position by moving. However, in treatment methods A to C, volunteers do not need to move when the wind direction changes.
Table 4

In order to reduce the change in the number of mosquitoes, the number of night catches at night before each treatment was averaged, and the obtained value was used to calculate the percentage reduction of mosquito bites according to the following formula (1):
(1)
among them:
C _PN is the average number of mosquitoes at the negative control site at night before treatment;
· T _TN is the number of mosquitoes that were treated at night during the treatment period;
C _TN is the number of mosquitoes at the negative control site during the night during treatment;
· T _PN is the number of mosquitoes in the treated site at night before treatment.
condition

The conditions for each night (during or before processing) are listed in Table 5 below.
table 5
result

Mosquito bite reduction rates are summarized in Table 6 below.
Table 6

As shown in Table 6, the average hourly bite protection rate of the positive control mosquito coil was 79.1% (provided that the protection object was always in the position of the mosquito coil downwind). Previous research has shown that when used indoors, mosquito coil bite protection rates can be as high as 90%. In contrast, the above data shows that by spraying at four locations around the protected object, a higher protection rate than a mosquito coil can be achieved within a two-hour period. To maintain this higher level of protection, protected subjects need to be sprayed again at the four locations. One advantage of this system is that the protected object does not need to be kept in the downwind of the same object by movement, so it can enjoy outdoor locations more. When two sprays are performed at each location, the above protection can be extended to 3 hours, and when three sprays are performed at each location, a 90% protection rate (average) can be achieved within 4 hours. These data show that current formulations not only provide a good level of protection, but are also more convenient and safer than alternatives.
Example 4
Consumer test

The consumer test involved 20 volunteers and asked them to evaluate the product's safety, ease of use, and field performance, especially when used on absorbent surfaces such as grass, cement, carpet, and asphalt. These volunteers are employees and have a duty of confidentiality.

Volunteers were required to use the product indoors or outdoors according to their needs or expectations within a month, and were required to spray once at four different locations to achieve up to 2 hours of protection and Spray twice at different locations for more than 2 hours of protection.
outdoor

Most volunteers use the product outdoors in residential areas where the number of visible mosquitoes is small (after observation, generally less than 10), and the product is generally applied to the absorbent surface during the period of 17: 00 ~ 20: 00, such as Grass, soil and concrete floors. In addition, 26% of the volunteers tested the product on a rubber plantation where large numbers of mosquitoes were visible. During each product evaluation, volunteers typically stay in the processing area for less than 2 hours.
indoor

Volunteers using the product indoors usually test the product at their residences between 21:00 and 00:00. Most volunteers spray the product on cement or tiles indoors. Similarly, during the observation period, the volunteers' observation of the anti-mosquito effect usually does not exceed 2 hours.
Product performance and efficacy

For volunteers who sprayed once at four locations, most people (75%) observed a significant decrease in the number of nearby mosquitoes after spraying and during observation. Only one volunteer (12%) did not observe changes in mosquito population before and after spraying because the product was not used as intended.

When volunteers sprayed twice in four locations, most people (83%) did not see any mosquitoes during the subsequent observation period. Some volunteers sprayed three or more times at four locations and did not see any mosquitoes for a period of up to four hours.

Ninety percent of the volunteers found the product to be very effective for the specified purpose of providing longer outdoor mosquito protection.
Example 5
Other active agents

The isopropanol metenin formulation used in the above examples was compared with tetrafluthrin, befunin, and perfluthrin.

In this embodiment, a large chamber having four walls and a volume of 30m ^3. Two, four, or eight boards (20 × 20cm tiles) are placed on each wall facing the room, and the distance between each board and the center of the room is 100cm, and two and four tiles are placed between each other The distances are equal. When setting eight tiles, four of them are set in the same way as the aforementioned four tiles, and the other four tiles are set to face the four corners of the laboratory. Each panel was treated with a single spray of a spray bottle containing one of the above active formulas. Then, the large room exhaust fan was started, and the vents and windows of the room were fully opened for 2 hours to age the panels indoors. The displacement is 10.83m ³ per minute (approximately 1.9 times the volume of the chamber per minute), and no electric fan is used. At the beginning and during the biological evaluation, close the large room exhaust fan and its vents and windows.

After 2 hours of spraying, the panels treated as described above were evaluated for indoor biological efficacy. After 100 female mosquitoes (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) were placed indoors, knocked-down (bottom-facing) mosquitoes were counted at specific intervals over a period of up to 120 minutes.

Each of the above tests was repeated four times, and the results are shown in Table 7 below.
Table 7
* Extrapolated data.

From this result, it can be seen that, as a spot spray aerosol, the performance of metenin is slightly better than that of tetrafluthrin and byfulin. Permethrin is not very effective.
Example 6
Comparative Test

Comparison of the biological efficacy of metenin-based spot spray made of isopropyl alcohol (4% w / w) with two different commercially available mini-sized aerosols against Culex pipiens mosquito when sprayed onto non-absorbent surfaces .
The details of commercially available mini aerosols are as follows:
1. SumiOne Mini Aerosol: Metnine containing 0.76% w / w
2. By Funing Mini Aerosol: 24% w / w of By Funing

In this embodiment, a large chamber having four walls and a volume of 30m ^3. Spot sprays and commercially available aerosols are applied and evaluated by the following direct use or application methods of the respective products. Spray four times indoors with an isopropanol spray bottle containing metenin (4% w / w) or SumiOne mini aerosol (0.76% w / w), each time spraying the same aerosol and spraying On the walls in the four corners of the room, 170cm above the ground. For By Funing mini aerosol, a single press of the aerosol is emitted or sprayed indoors. Then, start the large room exhaust fan and fully open its vents / windows for 1 hour to age the deposited material indoors. The displacement is 10.83m ³ per minute. Subsequently, the large room exhaust fan and its ventilation openings (and ventilation windows) were closed.

Immediately after aging for 1 hour, the indoor biological efficacy of a spot spray made of metenin dissolved in isopropanol (4% weight / weight) and two commercially available mini aerosols was evaluated. After 100 female mosquitoes (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) were placed indoors, knocked-down (bottom-facing) mosquitoes were counted at specific intervals over a period of up to 120 minutes.

After 120 minutes, start the large room exhaust fan, open its vents and ventilation windows, and further perform indoor aging for 1 hour.

After 4 hours of aging (ie, 4 hours after the initial spraying step), the indoor biological efficacy of the SumiOne spot spray and two commercially available mini aerosols was evaluated. After 100 female mosquitoes (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) were placed indoors, knocked-down (bottom-facing) mosquitoes were counted at specific intervals over a period of up to 120 minutes. Each of the above tests was repeated three times, and the results are shown in Tables 8 and 9 below.
Table 8
Table 9

From this result, it can be seen that, compared with the Byfuning mini aerosol, even after 4 hours of aging, the SumiOne spot spray still has a good knock-down effect on Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. On the other hand, SumiOne mini aerosols did not give enough knockdown results for data analysis after 1 hour and 4 hours of aging. In summary, the performance of the SumiOne spot spray is significantly better than the commercially available Bia Funing and SumiOne mini aerosols.

Claims (29)

A method for preventing bites and / or driving harmful insects away from human and / or animal objects, said method comprising spraying steam-active pyrethroids and vapor-active pyrethroids on at least one substrate site 10 cm to 200 cm away from said objects Formulation of volatile organic solvents, in which The formulation is provided in a push-on spray bottle; and The weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula is 1% -12%, and / or the deposition amount of the pyrethroid provided by the formula in each spray is 1mg-12mg. The method of claim 1, wherein the vapor-active pyrethroid is selected from the group consisting of metofluthrin, dimefluthrin, profluthrin, and sevofluthrin One or more of the group of heptafluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, and transfluthrin. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steam-active pyrethroid is selected from one or more of the group consisting of metenin, tetrafluthrin, perfluthrin, and byfulnin. The method according to claim 3, wherein the pyrethroid is metenin or tetrafluthrin. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the volatile organic solvent is one or more selected from the group of volatile organic alcohols, volatile ketones, volatile ethers, and volatile esters. The method according to claim 5, wherein the volatile organic solvent is isopropyl alcohol or ethanol. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula is 2% to 8%. The method of claim 7, wherein the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula is 4%. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of the pyrethroid provided by the formula in each spray is 2 mg to 8 mg. The method of claim 9, wherein the amount of the pyrethroid provided by the formulation in each spray is 4 mg. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the number of the matrix sites is 2-10, and optionally, the number of the matrix sites is 3-7, for example, 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distance between the nozzle of the press-type spray bottle and the at least one substrate location during spraying is 1 cm to 40 cm, and optionally, the press-type spray bottle The distance between the nozzle and the at least one substrate location during spraying is 10 cm to 30 cm (for example, 20 cm). The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an angle maintained by the nozzle of the press-type spray bottle and the plane of the substrate site during spraying is 25º to 90º, and optionally, the press-type spray bottle The spray nozzle keeps an angle of 35º ~ 60º (for example, 45º) with the plane of the substrate site when spraying. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one substrate site is located on the ground, a wall, or a table bottom, optionally wherein the at least one substrate site is located on the ground. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the harmful insect is a mosquito. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject and the at least one matrix site are outdoors. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formula is sprayed 1 to 4 times on the at least one substrate site, and / or the method prevents bites and / or expels harmful insects from the subject It is 1 to 10 hours. A formulation comprising a vapor-active pyrethroid and a volatile organic solvent, wherein: The weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formula is 1% to 12%. The formulation of claim 18, wherein the steam-active pyrethroid is selected from the group consisting of metenin, tetrafluthrin, perfluthrin, sevofluthrin, tetrafluthrin, and worship One or more of the Funing Group. The formulation according to claim 18, wherein the steam-active pyrethroid is selected from one or more of the group consisting of metenin, tetrafluthrin, perfluthrin, and byfunin. The formulation of claim 20, wherein the pyrethroid is metenin or tetrafluthrin. The formulation of any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the volatile organic solvent is one or more selected from the group of volatile organic alcohols, volatile ketones, volatile ethers, and volatile esters. The formulation according to claim 22, wherein the volatile organic solvent is isopropyl alcohol or ethanol. The formulation of any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formulation is 2% to 8%. The formulation of claim 24, wherein the weight percentage of the steam-active pyrethroid in the formulation is 4%. The formulation of any one of claims 18 to 25, wherein the formulation further comprises one or more additives or excipients selected from the group of emulsifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, colorants, and fragrances. The formula of claim 26, wherein the weight percentage of each additive or auxiliary material in the formula is independently 0.0001% to 10%. The formulation of any one of claims 18 to 27, wherein the vapor-active pyrethroid is metenin and the volatile organic solvent is isopropanol and / or ethanol, wherein metenin is present in 4 Weight percent. The formulation according to claim 28, wherein the volatile organic solvent is isopropyl alcohol.