TW201931043A - Maximum power point tracking system of renewable energy and method thereof applicable to solar photovoltaic system, wind power generation system or wind-solar hybrid power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a maximum power point tracking system of renewable energy and a method thereof, in particular to a solar photovoltaic system, a wind power generation system or a wind-solar hybrid power generation system, and a method thereof. The key point is to contain a power type supercapacitor, and using a dynamic balance method to solely detect voltage to know a change status of system energy. Through the control by a microcontroller, a DC/DC buck-boost converter is adjusted to achieve maximum power point tracking, so that the renewable energy system can obtain the maximum electrical power. The maximum power point tracking system of renewable energy and the method thereof according to the present invention propose fifteen kinds of application methods in solar photovoltaic systems, wind power generation systems or wind-solar hybrid power generation systems, and thus obtain an optimal price/performance system under different conditions.

Description

Renewable energy maximum power tracking system and method thereof

The invention relates to a maximum power tracking system for a renewable energy source and a method thereof, in particular to a solar energy photovoltaic system, a wind power generation system or a wind power hybrid power generation maximum power tracking system and a method thereof.

As global warming becomes more and more serious, energy conservation and carbon reduction are attracting more and more attention, and the efficient use of renewable energy has become an urgent task. Renewable energy refers to the use of wind, solar energy, hydropower, biomass energy, hydrogen energy, geothermal heat, ocean temperature difference, ocean waves and tides. Most of these renewable energy sources are geographically restricted, and only solar energy and wind energy are the most common and miniaturizable energy sources. From the point of view of use, solar energy and wind power are: 1 safe and reliable, no pollution, 2 no CO2 and other greenhouse gases, 3 required energy everywhere, no need to consume fuel, 4 easy maintenance, long service life; short construction period , size and flexibility, 5 independent distributed power, no need to set up transmission lines, 6 low energy costs in remote areas, 7 convenient combination with buildings.

The utilization of solar and wind power generation can be divided into two types: grid-connected and off-grid. The grid is to integrate the power generated by solar energy and wind power into the conventional power grid, while the off-grid is the solar and wind power system independent of the grid. , operate independently. However, the demand for land area is large, and the grid-connected system is often installed in remote areas, relying on thousands of miles of power grid high-voltage transmission lines to deliver electricity. The off-grid system does not need the grid to cooperate and the volume is relatively small, the power can be supplied nearby, and it is not necessary to set up expensive transmission lines, which is the best choice for distributed power supply. Therefore, the solar and wind power of the off-grid system Electrical systems will become even more important.

Renewable energy is a kind of non-ideal and stable renewable energy. Solar energy will be significantly different from the electricity generated by the sunshine environment, angle and temperature. In wind power generation, the size of the power varies greatly due to the strength of the fan blades. That is to say, solar energy and wind power generation are variably renewable energy sources. The energy generation may be different at each time point. It must be supplemented by maximum power tracking to obtain the maximum energy converted by solar cells or wind turbines. In general, the energy of renewable energy is presented in terms of voltage, current and time. It is the maximum power tracking and acquisition of solar or wind power generated by the system.

The conventional maximum power tracking technology includes six kinds of voltage feedback method, two power feedback method, three disturbance observation method, four incremental conductance method, five straight line approximation method, and six actual measurement method. The most commonly used in business is the "perturbation observation method", and its structure is shown in Figure 1. The structure is simple and the measurement parameters are few, and it has been widely used in the solar maximum power system.

Taking solar energy applications as an example, the basic structure is to periodically increase or decrease the load (6) to change the terminal voltage of the solar panel, measure the voltage detection (1) circuit and current detection (2) and Tracking calculus (3) its output power. Observe and compare the difference between the two, and then decide to increase or decrease the load (6) size in the next cycle. If the output power becomes larger, the load (6) is adjusted to change in the same trend; conversely, when the output power becomes smaller, the load (6) changes direction is changed in the next cycle. Such repeated oscillation disturbances will be comparable to observations and will approach the maximum power point of the solar cell.

The "disturbance observation" maximum power tracking method used in off-grid solar power generation is to change the load of the output end (6) to oscillate back and forth by controlling the D value of the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (5). Disturbs the output voltage of the solar panel, tracking and reaching the maximum power point of the solar cell. When the maximum power point is reached, the oscillation disturbance does not stop and continues around it. oscillation. When the sunshine intensity, ambient environment and temperature change, the maximum power point of the solar system operation changes immediately, the oscillation disturbance also responds immediately, and the new maximum power point tracking works again.

The DC/DC converter here consists of an inductor and a capacitor circuit plus a diode and an electronic development. A boost, buck and buck-boost DC/DC buck-boost converter (5) can be used. PWM (4) provides a pulse signal. By controlling the switching proportional time, the load at the output (6) is adjusted to track the maximum power point.

For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,327,071 discloses the use of a DC/DC DC/DC converter to track the maximum power point of solar energy. U.S. Patent No. 5,932,994 discloses the use of the D value of the duty cycle of a DC/DC DC/DC converter to track the maximum power point of the solar energy. For example, the Republic of China invention patent No. I328730, the solar maximum power tracking method using an active resistance energy converter.

However, in the above patent, it is necessary to detect the voltage (or set resistance) and the current, obtain the power through the multiplier, and compare the power before and after the operation to obtain the power consumption. Then determine the direction of adjustment and track the maximum power point. To solve complex calculations, simplify the tracking process and reduce the number of components. A supercapacitor maximum power tracking method is proposed to solve the above-mentioned missing.

The supercapacitor is a new component between the battery and the capacitor with excellent energy storage and instantaneous power. The solar device can increase energy efficiency, cycle life, maintenance-free and extended operation time. The solar charging system described in U.S. Patent No. 2004/0183982 uses a supercapacitor as an energy storage device to adjust the control with a DC/DC converter to track the maximum power point.

The present invention is a modified and improved follow-up patent of the Republic of China Patent No. 200827974, and the patent No. 200827974 discloses a solar power system maximum power tracking system and method. But the method is only used in solar systems, and using logic circuits to control the system with hardware To the highest energy efficiency. It is a preferred aspect of the present invention to use a microcontroller instead of a logic circuit to control the system. It also reveals 15 supercapacitor maximum power tracking systems for renewable energy systems (solar power generation, wind power generation systems and wind and solar) in different states.

The main purpose of the present invention is to use a supercapacitor maximum power tracking method and system, and propose various application circuit modes for solar power generation and wind power generation systems.俾 can greatly improve the energy efficiency of solar power generation and wind power generation systems.

The maximum power tracking method of the renewable energy of the present invention is called "the global supercapacitor maximum power tracking method". It can be applied to various renewable energy sources and unstable energy sources, especially in solar power generation and wind power generation systems, and even in various applications of environmental energy extraction systems.

The maximum power tracking method for renewable energy (global supercapacitor maximum power tracking method) is mainly to put a kind of power (instantaneous power release) type supercapacitor, in dynamic balance mode, by changing the duty cycle of electronic switch and buck-boost converter D value of (Duty Ratio). Observe the voltage change of the supercapacitor and determine the duty cycle of the next electronic switch and buck-boost converter. The instruction is issued by the microcontroller to adjust the direction and size of the D value. The shock back and forth tracks the maximum power of the system. This method only needs to monitor the voltage value of the supercapacitor, and does not need to monitor the current to calculate the output power of the solar power generation and the wind power generation system at this moment.

The largest power tracking system for renewable energy, mainly includes: a solar panel, wind turbine: the power supply of the system; a rectifier: The alternating current generated by the wind power generator is rectified into direct current; the instantaneous power release type capacitor is a dynamic balance energy storage device that receives the rectified direct current of the solar panel and the wind power generator, and then passes the electric energy to the electronic device controlled by the microcontroller. Switch and buck-boost controller, charging to battery or (second) energy storage supercapacitor; an electronic switch: controlling the current into the switch, controlled by the microcontroller its duty cycle (D value) a buck-boost controller: according to micro The controller controls the command to adjust the voltage conversion of the current in and out; a battery and the energy storage super capacitor: as the energy storage component of the system; a voltage detection circuit: plays the voltage detection of the super capacitor and the battery, and transmits the voltage to the micro The controller serves as the basis for judgment and command; a microcontroller: receives the voltage detection, comparison, judgment, calculation, and command of the supercapacitor and the battery, and controls the charging of each electronic switch, the buck-boost controller, the supercapacitor, and the battery of the control system. Control and protection mechanisms.

The invention utilizes the global supercapacitor maximum power tracking mechanism to propose 15 kinds of circuit systems applied to solar power generation and wind power generation systems according to different usage requirements and cost considerations. It includes solar power generation systems, wind power generation systems, and wind and solar hybrid power generation systems.

(1)‧‧‧Voltage detection

(2)‧‧‧ Current detection

(3) ‧‧‧Tracking calculations

(4)‧‧‧PWM

(5)‧‧‧DC/DC buck-boost converter

(6) ‧ ‧ load

(7)‧‧‧Electronic switch

(99)‧‧‧Rectifier circuit

(100)‧‧‧First electronically controlled switch

(101)‧‧‧Supercapacitors

(102)‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit

(103)‧‧‧Microcontrollers

(104)‧‧‧DC/DC buck-boost converter

(105)‧‧‧Second electronically controlled switch

(106)‧‧‧Discharge control circuit

(107)‧‧‧ Load

(108)‧‧‧Battery

(109)‧‧‧Second DC/DC buck-boost converter

(110)‧‧‧ Lifting pressure controller

(111)‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit

(112)‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit

(113)‧‧‧Second supercapacitor

(114)‧‧‧ Lifting and lowering controller

The first picture is the commercial use of the perturbation observation maximum power tracking method

The second figure is the supercapacitor maximum power tracking method of the present invention.

The third figure is a block diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.

The fourth figure is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.

The fifth figure is a block diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a block diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a block diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a block diagram of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a block diagram of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a block diagram of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

11 is a block diagram of Embodiment 9 of the present invention

Figure 12 is a block diagram of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Figure 13 is a block diagram of an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 is a block diagram of Embodiment 12 of the present invention.

The fifteenth figure is a block diagram of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention

Figure 16 is a block diagram showing the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 is a block diagram showing the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the contents of the "renewable energy maximum power tracking system and method thereof" of the present invention will be described with reference to the second drawing, and the present invention will be further disclosed.

The electrical energy generated by the solar panel enters the supercapacitor (101) via the electronic switch (7). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time, and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking and supply to the load (107).

However, the method of the present invention does not need to measure the current (I value), and only needs to detect the voltage (V value) to determine the tracking result, thereby adjusting the duty cycle, which is different from the current commercial "disturbance observation" maximum power tracking. law.

Taking a solar independent power generation system as an example, the present invention places a supercapacitor between a solar panel and the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) as a temporary storage container for energy (electric energy), and the electric energy is generated by the solar panel and enters The supercapacitor then outputs the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104). The in-and-out electric energy in the steady state can be regarded as zero power of the supercapacitor, that is, no electric energy is accumulated in the supercapacitor, and the energy generated by the solar panel flows into the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104). Dynamic balance.

Solar system energy (electric energy) W = P × t (P: power, t: time) ∴ W = I × V × t (I: current, V: voltage) is discussed in 1 second, when t = 1 sec, then W = P =I×V

At any one time, the energy flowing into the supercapacitor = the energy flowing out of the supercapacitor, that is, the energy that the solar panel flows into the supercapacitor should be the energy that the supercapacitor flows into the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104). W: Energy generated by the solar panel = energy flowing into the supercapacitor = energy flowing out of the supercapacitor = energy flowing into the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104).

Therefore, the solar power maximum tracking method for detecting solar panels in the past disturbance observation The generated power can now also detect the energy or power of the supercapacitor. The energy of the supercapacitor is related to its capacitance: W = 1/2C × V2 (W: energy of the supercapacitor, C: the capacitance of the supercapacitor, and V is the voltage of the supercapacitor).

The capacitance C value of the super capacitor is a fixed value, so the energy of the super capacitor can be represented by the voltage of the super capacitor. As long as the voltage of the super capacitor is available, the super capacitor energy can be known, and the power generated by the solar panel can also be known. Therefore, this method only detects the voltage of the super capacitor is simple and efficient.

When t is extremely short, the voltage difference of the supercapacitor can determine the change of solar energy, that is, the sunlight becomes stronger or weaker, causing the electric energy to enter and exit the system. Furthermore, the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) is adjusted to achieve maximum power tracking.

Let t=t1 measure the voltage of the supercapacitor as Vc1; when t=t2, measure the voltage of the supercapacitor as Vc2; and the time interval dt=t2-t1, dV=Vc2-Vc1; where dV is the value The voltage change of the supercapacitor is equivalent to the change of the electric energy entering and leaving the supercapacitor, that is, the change of the system energy. According to this, the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) can be judged and adjusted, thereby achieving the goal of maximum power tracking.

The operation flow is as follows: A. Firstly, the super capacitor voltage Vc value is detected, when the Vc value is greater than the set value, the maximum power system is started; B. the DC/DC converter duty cycle D value is changed; C. the new Vc is measured again. Value; D. If the new Vc value is greater than the original Vc value, the DC/DC converter duty cycle D value will be adjusted, and the trend direction will change toward the original direction; if the new Vc value is smaller than the original Vc value, it will be adjusted again. DC / DC converter duty cycle D value, its trend direction is in the direction of reverse change; E. The new Vc value is set to Vc; F. Repeat the above steps again.

Fifteen related embodiments are set forth below for "Renewable Energy Maximum Power Tracking System and Method Therefor".

Embodiment 1

For solar energy systems, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used, in which supercapacitors are used as energy storage. As shown in the third figure:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly involves inputting the electric energy generated by the solar panel into the super capacitor (101) via the first electronic control switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. The second electronically controlled switch (105) is then controlled by the microcontroller (103) to supply the maximum power tracked electrical energy to the load (107) via the discharge control circuit (106).

Embodiment 2

For wind power generation systems, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used, in which supercapacitors are used as energy storage. As shown in the fourth picture:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the AC power generated by the wind power generator to DC power by using a rectifier circuit (99). The super capacitor (101) enters via the first electronically controlled switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. Then control the second electronic control through the microcontroller (103) The switch (105) supplies the maximum power tracked electrical energy to the load (107) through the discharge control circuit (106).

Embodiment 3

For solar energy systems, the "maximum power tracking system for renewable energy and its method" is used, in which the battery is used for energy storage. As shown in the fifth picture:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly involves inputting the electric energy generated by the solar panel into the super capacitor (101) via the first electronic control switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. The second electronically controlled switch (105) is then controlled by the microcontroller (103), charged to the battery (108), and the maximum power tracked electrical energy is supplied to the load (107) via a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Experimental example

The charging efficiency of the system of this invention example and the commercial solar PWM pulse charging system is compared by the "maximum power tracking system of renewable energy and its method" of the third embodiment. In the two 70W solar panels, the global supercapacitor system of the third embodiment and the commercial solar PWM pulse charging system are respectively used to set up two off-grid solar systems, sharing the same 12V lead-acid energy storage battery to ensure that the two systems are the same. The voltage of the potential. Then compare the two system charging currents and calculate the energy efficiency gain situation. The experimental results, taking 100 sets of data, as shown in Table 1, the global supercapacitor solar system energy is 36% higher than the commercial solar PWM pulse charging system charging efficiency gain.

Table 1: Experimental results of charging efficiency of maximum power tracking system and commercial PWM pulse charging system:

Example 4

For the solar energy system, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used, in which the system is provided with two DC/DC buck-boost converters, which are responsible for the work of the DC/DC buck-boost converter with strong sunshine and low sunshine respectively. Cycle adjustment. As shown in the sixth figure:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly involves inputting the electric energy generated by the solar panel into the super capacitor (101) via the first electronic control switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines a voltage that is compared for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), is switched by the first electronically controlled switch (100), and is issued to the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) or the second DC. The /DC buck-boost converter (109) adjusts the duty cycle D value to achieve maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. The DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) and the second DC/DC buck-boost converter (109) are respectively responsible for adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter with strong sunlight and low sunshine, respectively, and then transmitting the micro-transmission The controller (103) controls the second electronically controlled switch (105) to charge the maximum power tracked electrical energy to the battery (108). The load (107) power is then supplied via a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Embodiment 5

For the solar energy system, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used. The system is equipped with two DC/DC buck-boost converters, which are responsible for the duty cycle adjustment of the DC/DC buck-boost converter for strong sunlight and low sunshine respectively. . The power obtained by the solar system, in addition to being rechargeable to the battery, can be used in conjunction with the battery to supply power to the load. As shown in the seventh picture:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly involves inputting the electric energy generated by the solar panel into the super capacitor (101) via the first electronic control switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) judges Comparing the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), switching with the first electronically controlled switch (100), and issuing a DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) or a second DC/DC buck-boost converter (109) The instruction to adjust the D value of the duty cycle to achieve maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. The second electronically controlled switch (105) is then controlled by the microcontroller (103) to charge the maximum power tracked electrical energy to the battery (108). The second electronically controlled switch (105) may also be directed to the discharge (protection) control circuit (106) to collectively supply the load (107) power together with the battery (108).

Embodiment 6

For the solar energy system, using the "renewable energy maximum power tracking system and its method", a buck-boost controller is added between the first electronically controlled switch and the super capacitor to reduce the high voltage requirement of the super capacitor. As shown in the eighth figure:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly connects the electric energy generated by the solar panel to the buck-boost controller (110) via the first electronic control switch (100) and then enters the super capacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the buck-boost controller (110) and determines and compares the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and switches the first electronically controlled switch (100) to release the DC/DC. The buck-boost converter (104) controls the command and adjusts the duty cycle D value to achieve maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. Then, according to the battery voltage detecting circuit (111), the second electronic control switch (105) is controlled by the microcontroller (103) to charge the maximum power tracking electric energy to the battery (108). The load (107) power is then supplied via a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Example 7

For the solar system, use the "renewable energy maximum power tracking system and its method", add a buck-boost controller between the first electronically controlled switch and the super capacitor to reduce the super power The need for higher voltages. The power obtained by the solar system, in addition to being rechargeable to the battery, can be used in conjunction with the battery to supply power to the load. As shown in the ninth figure:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly connects the electric energy generated by the solar panel to the buck-boost controller (110) via the first electronic control switch (100) and then enters the super capacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the buck-boost controller (110) and determines and compares the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and switches the first electronically controlled switch (100) to release the DC/DC. The buck-boost converter (104) controls the command and adjusts the duty cycle D value to achieve maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. Then, according to the battery voltage detecting circuit (111), the second electronic control switch (105) is controlled by the microcontroller (103) to charge the maximum power tracking electric energy to the battery (108). The second electronically controlled switch (105) may also be directed to the discharge (protection) control circuit (106) to collectively supply the load (107) power together with the battery (108).

Example eight

For the wind power generation system, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used to supercharge the supercapacitor power, which is the maximum power tracking energy of the whole region, to the second super capacitor, and finally to charge the battery supply load. Due to the insertion of the second supercapacitor, the entire wind power generation system can be stabilized under rapid wind changes. As shown in the tenth figure:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The super capacitor (101) enters via the first electronically controlled switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104). The maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Example nine

For the wind power generation system, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used to supercharge the supercapacitor power, which is the maximum power tracking energy of the whole region, to the second super capacitor, and finally to charge the battery supply load. The power generated by the wind power system, in addition to being rechargeable to the battery, can be used in conjunction with the battery to supply power to the load. Due to the insertion of the second supercapacitor, the entire wind power generation system can be stabilized under rapid wind changes. As shown in Figure 11:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generation into a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The super capacitor (101) enters via the first electronically controlled switch (100). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time, and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106). The load (107) can also be supplied directly by the second electronically controlled switch (105) to the discharge control circuit (106) in conjunction with the battery (108).

Example ten

For the wind power generation system, using the "renewable energy maximum power tracking system and its method", a buck-boost controller is added between the first electronic control switch and the super capacitor to reduce the high voltage requirement of the super capacitor. As shown in Figure 12:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The first electronically controlled switch (100) is connected to the buck-boost controller (110) and then enters the supercapacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) controls the buck-boost controller (110) and determines a voltage that is compared for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and the D-value of the duty cycle is adjusted for the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104). Command to achieve maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. The second supercapacitor voltage (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and the power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Embodiment 11

For the wind power generation system, using the "renewable energy maximum power tracking system and its method", a buck-boost controller is added between the first electronic control switch and the super capacitor to reduce the high voltage requirement of the super capacitor. The power obtained by the wind power system, in addition to being rechargeable to the battery, can be used in conjunction with the battery to supply power to the load. As shown in the thirteenth picture:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). Connected to the buck-boost controller via the first electronically controlled switch (100) (110) Re-enter the super capacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) controls the buck-boost controller (110) and determines a voltage that is compared for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and the D-value of the duty cycle is adjusted for the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104). Command to achieve maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106). The second electronically controlled switch (105) may also be directed to the discharge (protection) control circuit (106) to supply the load (107) power in conjunction with the battery (108).

Example twelve

For the wind-solar complementary system combining solar energy and wind power generation, the electric power generated by the wind power generator is rectified into direct current electricity, and combined with the solar power, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used. The supercapacitor power, which is temporarily stored as the global maximum power tracking energy, is first charged to the second super capacitor, and finally charged into the battery supply load. Due to the placement of the second supercapacitor, the entire wind power generation system can be stabilized with rapid changes in weather. As shown in Figure 14:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The power combined with the solar panel passes through the first electronically controlled switch (100), which is a wind and solar electronic switch that enters the supercapacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and issues a command for adjusting the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve the global supercapacitor. High power tracking. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Example thirteen

For the wind-solar complementary system combining solar energy and wind power generation, the electric power generated by the wind power generator is rectified into direct current electricity, and combined with the solar power, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used. The supercapacitor power, which is temporarily stored as the global maximum power tracking energy, is first charged to the second super capacitor, and finally charged into the battery supply load. The power obtained by the wind-solar complementary system, in addition to being rechargeable to the battery, can also be used in conjunction with the battery to supply power to the load. Due to the placement of the second supercapacitor, the entire wind power generation system can be stabilized with rapid changes in weather. As shown in the fifteenth figure:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The power combined with the solar panel passes through the first electronically controlled switch (100), which is a wind and solar electronic switch that enters the supercapacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time (from a few milliseconds to a few minutes), and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) is also powered by the second electronically controlled switch under the control of the microcontroller (103). (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) enters the battery (108) for storage. The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106). The second electronically controlled switch (105) may also be directed to the discharge (protection) control circuit (106) to supply the load (107) power in conjunction with the battery (108).

Embodiment 14

For the wind-solar complementary system combining solar energy and wind power, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used. Between the first electronically controlled switch and the supercapacitor, a buck-boost controller is added to reduce the need for a higher voltage of the supercapacitor. As shown in Figure 16:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The power combined with the solar panel passes through the first electronically controlled switch (100), which is a wind and solar electronic control switch, which is connected to the buck-boost controller (110) and then enters the supercapacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time, and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). The load (107) power is ultimately supplied through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106).

Example fifteen

For the wind-solar complementary system combining solar energy and wind power, the "maximum power tracking system and method for renewable energy" is used. Between the first electronically controlled switch and the supercapacitor, a buck-boost controller is added to reduce the need for a higher voltage of the supercapacitor. Wind and solar complementary system In addition to being rechargeable, the battery can be powered by a battery to supply power to the load. As shown in Figure 17:

The implementation method of this embodiment mainly adjusts the electric energy generated by the wind power generator to a direct current using a rectifying circuit (99). The power combined with the solar panel is passed through the first electronically controlled switch (100), connected to the buck-boost controller (110) and then into the supercapacitor (101). At this time, the voltage detecting circuit (102) detects the voltage of the super capacitor (101) and transmits the data to the microcontroller (103). The microcontroller (103) determines the voltage for a certain period of time, and issues an instruction to adjust the duty cycle D value of the DC/DC buck-boost converter (104) to achieve global supercapacitor maximum power tracking. The second supercapacitor (113) is then measured by a voltage detection circuit (112), and under the control of the microcontroller (103), power is charged to the second supercapacitor (113). The second supercapacitor (113) power is also stored in the battery (108) via the second electronically controlled switch (105) and the buck-boost controller (114) under the control of the microcontroller (103). Finally, the load (107) is supplied with power through a discharge (protection) control circuit (106). The second electronically controlled switch (105) may also be directed to the discharge (protection) control circuit (106) to supply the load (107) power in conjunction with the battery (108).

Claims (20)

A maximum power tracking method for regenerative energy, mainly adding a supercapacitor, in a dynamic balancing manner, by changing the duty cycle of a DC/DC buck-boost converter, measuring the supercapacitor voltage, and determining the next DC by the microcontroller The duty cycle and direction of the /DC buck-boost converter only need to monitor the voltage of the supercapacitor, do not need to detect the current, compare the output power of the regenerative energy system, and oscillate back and forth to track the maximum power. The maximum power tracking method for renewable energy as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: A. detecting the supercapacitor voltage; B. starting the regenerative energy maximum power tracking system when the supercapacitor voltage is greater than the set; C Adjust the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter; D. measure the voltage of the supercapacitor again; E. compare the supercapacitor voltage of the new duty cycle with the supercapacitor voltage of the original duty cycle; F. if the new supercapacitor voltage Larger than the original supercapacitor voltage, the microcontroller will adjust the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter, and its trend will change toward the original direction; G. If the new supercapacitor voltage is less than the original supercapacitor voltage, the microcontroller will adjust the DC The duty cycle of the /DC buck-boost converter changes in the opposite direction; H. Repeat the above steps in sequence. For example, the maximum power tracking method for renewable energy as described in claim 1 is to regenerative energy enter and exit the supercapacitor in a dynamic equilibrium manner, measure the supercapacitor voltage, and the microcontroller adjusts the DC/DC buck-boost according to the change of the voltage. The converter's duty cycle changes in magnitude to track the maximum power of the system. The maximum power tracking method for renewable energy as described in claim 1, wherein the supercapacitor is selected from various high-capacity energy-type and power-type supercapacitors, such as metal oxide. Supercapacitors, especially yttrium oxide supercapacitors, carbon supercapacitors, carbon nanotube supercapacitors, graphene supercapacitors, polymer supercapacitors, lithium ion supercapacitors and asymmetric electrode supercapacitors, etc. The /DC buck-boost converter includes buck-boost, boost, buck, DC/DC buck-boost converter or the like. A maximum power tracking system for regenerative energy, comprising: a first electronic control switch and a super capacitor electrically connected to each other, and a DC/DC buck-boost converter is electrically connected to the first electronic control switch, the first electronic The control switch is electrically connected to a microcontroller, and the connection path between the super capacitor and the first electronic control switch is electrically connected to a voltage detecting circuit for controlling the electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source through the first electronic control The switch enters the super capacitor, wherein the super capacitor functions as an energy storage device, and the voltage detecting circuit detects the voltage of the super capacitor and transmits the voltage to the microcontroller to determine a voltage for a certain time to adjust the The duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter achieves maximum power tracking of the supercapacitor and supplies the electric energy to the load through the discharge control circuit. The maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 5, wherein the renewable energy source comprises a solar panel, a wind power generator, and a wind-solar hybrid power generation system. The maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 5, further comprising a second electronic control switch electrically connected to the DC/DC buck-boost converter and the microcontroller. The maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 7 , further comprising a discharge control circuit electrically connected to the second electronic control switch. A maximum power tracking system for renewable energy, wherein the system is provided with two DC/DC buck-boost converters, which are respectively responsible for the duty cycle adjustment of the strong sunshine and low sunshine DC/DC buck-boost converter, which is the electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source. The first electronically controlled switch enters the super capacitor, and the voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of the super capacitor and transmits it to the microcontroller, and the comparison is certain The voltage of time, using the first electronic control switch to switch, adjust the working cycle of the two DC/DC buck-boost converters, achieve the maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor, and then charge the electric energy to the battery through the second electronic control switch, and then A discharge control circuit that supplies load power. The maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 9 includes: a renewable energy source: solar panels, wind turbines, wind and solar hybrid power generation systems, etc.; a super capacitor: a dynamic balance register; a first and a second electronic control switch; a first and a second DC/DC buck-boost converter: adjusting the output voltage and power (current) of the regenerative energy system; a voltage detection: detecting the supercapacitor voltage; a microcontroller: Judging, controlling and adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter according to the voltage measured by the voltage detecting circuit, and controlling the opening and closing of the electronic switch; a discharge control circuit; a battery: a system energy storage device; load. For example, the maximum power tracking system of the renewable energy source described in claim 9 wherein the global supercapacitor maximum power tracking power is directly supplied to the load control power through the second electronic control switch through the discharge control circuit, and may also be supplied with the battery together with the load. electric power. A maximum power tracking system for renewable energy, in the first electronically controlled switch and super capacitor In addition, a buck-boost controller is added to reduce the high voltage requirement of the supercapacitor. The electric energy generated by the regenerative energy is passed through the first electronically controlled switch, and the buck-boost controller enters the supercapacitor to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor. To the microcontroller, determine the voltage for a certain period of time, adjust the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter, achieve the maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor, and then detect the super battery voltage and then control the second electronic control switch through the microcontroller to charge To the battery, this power is supplied to the load through the discharge control circuit. The maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 12 includes: a renewable energy source: solar panels, wind turbines, wind-solar hybrid power generation systems, etc.; a rectifier: rectification of wind power generators into DC power A super capacitor: a dynamic balance register; a first and second electronic control switch; a buck-boost controller; a first and a second DC/DC buck-boost converter: adjusting the output voltage and power of the regenerative energy system (current); a voltage detection circuit: detecting supercapacitor and battery voltage; a microcontroller: judging, controlling and adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter according to the voltage measured by the voltage detection circuit, And control the opening and closing of the electronic switch; a discharge control circuit; a battery: System energy storage; a load. For example, the maximum power tracking system of the renewable energy source described in claim 12, wherein the global supercapacitor maximum power tracking power is directly supplied to the load control power through the second electronic control switch through the discharge control circuit, and may also be supplied with the battery together with the load. electric power. A maximum power tracking system for regenerative energy, which is placed in a second supercapacitor, can stabilize the entire wind power generation system under rapid wind changes, and rectifies the electric energy generated by the wind power generation into direct current, and enters the super through the first electronic control switch. Capacitance, and the voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of the super capacitor and transmits it to the microcontroller to determine the voltage for a certain period of time, adjust the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter, achieve the maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor, and then pass the voltage. The detecting circuit measures the second super capacitor voltage, charges the electric power to the second super capacitor, and then enters the battery storage through the second electronic control switch and the buck-boost controller, and finally supplies the load power through the discharge control circuit. The maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 15 includes: a renewable energy source: wind power generator, wind and solar hybrid power generation; a rectifier: for wind power generator AC power rectification into DC power; a first super Capacitor: is a dynamic balance register; a second super capacitor: a second energy storage device of the system; a first and second electronic control switch; a buck-boost controller: Charging the second super capacitor to the battery; a first and second DC/DC buck-boost converter: adjusting the output voltage and power (current) of the regenerative energy system; a voltage detecting circuit: detecting the supercapacitor and the battery voltage a microcontroller: judging, controlling and adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter according to the voltage measured by the voltage detecting circuit, and controlling the opening and closing of the electronic switch; a discharge control circuit; a battery: System energy storage; a load. For example, the maximum power tracking system of the renewable energy source described in claim 15 wherein the global supercapacitor maximum power tracking power is directly supplied to the load control power through the second electronic control switch through the discharge control circuit, and may also be supplied with the battery together with the load. electric power. A maximum power tracking system for regenerative energy, adding a buck-boost controller between the first electronically controlled switch and the supercapacitor to reduce the need for a higher voltage of the supercapacitor, and also placing a second supercapacitor, which can be changed in the wind Quickly, stabilize the entire wind power generation system, using the electric energy generated by the wind turbine, using a rectifying circuit, connecting the buck-boost controller through the first electronic control switch, and then entering the super capacitor, and the voltage detecting circuit detects the super The voltage of the capacitor is transmitted to the microcontroller. The micro-control determines the voltage for a certain period of time, adjusts the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter, achieves the maximum power tracking of the global supercapacitor, and then measures the second super through the voltage detection circuit. Capacitor voltage, charging power to the second super capacitor, and then the second super capacitor power is passed through the second electronic control switch and the buck-boost controller to enter the battery storage, most The final discharge control circuit supplies the load power. For example, the maximum power tracking system for renewable energy as described in claim 18 includes: a renewable energy source: wind power generator, wind and solar hybrid power generation; a rectifier: for wind power generator AC power rectification into DC power; a first super Capacitor: a dynamic balance register; a second super capacitor: a second energy storage device of the system; a first and second electronic control switch; and a buck-boost controller: charging and discharging the second super capacitor to the battery; a first and second DC/DC buck-boost converter: adjusting the output voltage and power (current) of the regenerative energy system; a voltage detecting circuit: detecting the supercapacitor and the battery voltage; and a microcontroller: according to the voltage detecting circuit Measuring the voltage, judging, controlling and adjusting the duty cycle of the DC/DC buck-boost converter, and controlling the opening and closing of the electronic switch; a discharge control circuit; a battery: a system accumulator; a load. For example, the maximum power tracking system of the renewable energy source described in claim 18, wherein the global supercapacitor maximum power tracking power is directly supplied to the load power through the second electronic control switch through the discharge control circuit, and may also be supplied with the battery together with the load. electric power.