TW201919897A - Illuminated element with high color homogeneity - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention concerns a lighting unit in form of laminated layers comprising a layer (A), a layer (B), wherein at least one of the layers (A) or (B) is optically transparent and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other, an interlayer (C), arranged between the layers (A) and (B) and arranged parallel to the layers (A) and (B) and at least one light source; the preparation of said lighting unit and the use of said lighting unit in applications like buildings, furniture, transportation units, facades, skylights, glass, roofs, stair treads, glass bridges, canopies and railings.

Description

Light emitting element with high color uniformity

The invention relates to a lighting unit in a laminated form, which comprises a layer (A) and a layer (B), wherein at least one of the layer (A) or the layer (B) is optically transparent and the layer (A) and The layer (B) is arranged parallel to each other, the intermediate layer (C) is arranged between the layer (A) and the layer (B) and is arranged in parallel with the layer (A) and the layer (B), and at least one light source; the lighting unit; Preparation and use of the lighting unit in applications such as buildings, furniture, transportation units, facing walls, skylights, glass, roofs, stair steps, glass bridges, canopies and fences.

Glass panels or laminated units comprising at least one optically transparent layer are used, for example, in buildings and furniture and in the automotive and aeronautical fields as selectively transparent surfaces, and for decorative, informational or advertising purposes.

For safety reasons, laminated safety glass comprising glass and plastic flakes is used in areas where structural integrity after fracture is extremely desired or required, especially (but not exclusively) in areas of architectural glass or automotive glass.

For this purpose, the use of the surface may be in a luminescent form or in a non-luminescent form, where the illumination may be generated by a suitable light source. The entire surface may glow, but it is also possible to apply a pattern to the surface. Furthermore, it is possible to use different light sources, for example to produce colored or blocked lighting effects. Surfaces can be used, for example, in buildings, furniture, automobiles, trains, airplanes, and ships, and for facing walls, skylights, glass roofs, stair steps, glass bridges, canopies, and fences.

WO 2007/023083 A1 relates to a glass assembly, which includes phosphorescence, a luminescent substance, and two cover glass components. These parts are indirectly or directly connected with a luminescent substance sandwiched between them. The basic idea of WO 2007/023083 A1 is to protect the luminescent substance in the phosphorescent glass assembly from mechanical damage and decomposition. Therefore, in WO 2007/023083 A1, the luminescent substance is "sealed" between the glass parts. The disadvantages of phosphorescent and luminescent materials are that only low luminosity is achieved and the switchability is insufficient.

DE10231502A1 relates to a window element comprising at least one glass panel having silver plating on at least one side, which projects an image in one observation direction and is transparent (semi-lens) in the opposite observation direction . The window element includes at least one lighting device, which is arranged in front of the front surface of the glass panel and allows light to enter into the front surface of the glass panel, so that the glass panel acts as a light diffuser, and the light emitted as diffused light is substantially in the direction of illumination vertical. Therefore, the front surface of the glass panel can be printed, sandblasted, etched, coated, engraved or stuck on at least one side or have a poorly structured inside. Further information on suitable coating or printing materials does not exist in DE10231502A1.

DE10146604A1 relates to a window element comprising a frame structure enclosed by at least two glass panels spaced apart from each other, wherein the intermediate space is defined by the distance between the two glass panels, in which a lighting device having at least one lighting device is provided The lighting device is arranged in the area of the frame structure and basically irradiates light from the front surface. This at least partially deflected light is approximately perpendicular to this irradiation direction, so that the light enters and / or exits one of the glass panels of the window element. , So that at least one of the glass panels acts as a light diffuser, and for that purpose, the glass panel can be printed, sandblasted, etched, coated, engraved or jammed or defective on at least one side Structure inside. As in DE10231502A1, there is no further information on suitable coating or printing materials in DE10146604A1.

DE102009006856A1 relates to a window, which includes at least one light-emitting area, the area including: a) a base pane (1), b) at least one light-emitting area (2) applied to the base pane (1), which includes: b .1) the substrate (2a), b.2) the light-emitting particles (2b), and c) at least one light source (3) provided at the edge of the base pane (1). Luminescent particles are particles that scatter or emit light through the process of light emission according to DE102009006856A1.

The unpublished application PCT / EP2017 / 059841 is about a lighting unit in a laminated form, which includes a) layer (A); b) layer (B); wherein at least one of layer (A) or layer (B) One is optically transparent, and the layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other, c) at least one functional intermediate layer (C) is provided between the layer (A) and the layer (B) and with the layer (A) and layer (B) are arranged in parallel; d) at least one light source (D) is provided at the edge of the stack, wherein the functional intermediate layer (C) contains light-emitting particles.

The absorption of light in optically transparent media, especially glass, depends on the wavelength (color) of the light (absorption dispersion). In the case where (color) light is combined at one edge of a panel of an optically transparent medium (especially glass), the absorption of different colors will be different. Therefore, the color emitted from the surface of an optically transparent medium (especially glass) will change depending on the position of the viewer. However, this color change is not ideal for many applications and is particularly disadvantageous in the case of white light.

With respect to the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a lighting unit having a uniform, preferably color-adjustable emission that is independent of the observation position on the lighting unit, which is particularly easy when based on elements known in the prior art It is prepared and therefore not expensive. The lighting unit should further provide improved structural stability before and after breaking.

This objective is achieved by a lighting unit in a laminated form, which comprises a) layer (A); b) layer (B); wherein at least one of layer (A) or layer (B) is optically transparent, And layer (A) and layer (B) are arranged parallel to each other, c) at least one intermediate layer (C) is provided between layer (A) and layer (B) and parallel to layer (A) and layer (B) Arrangement; d) at least one light source (D) provided at the edge of the stack, wherein at least one of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the net The cell contains at least two coloring agents that produce different luminescent colors.

The advantage of the lighting unit according to the invention is that the color of the light emission can be adjusted independently of the position on the surface of the optically transparent layer (especially glass) and can be adjusted by the color of the light source.

Another advantage is that the lighting unit of the present invention can be prepared by known processes, which are commonly used to make laminated glass.

In addition, because the baking step is generally not necessary for introducing a colorant, it is possible to use a coloring having a lower temperature stability than in the case of the baking step (colorant temperature stability in this case: usually> 400 ° C). Agent.

The inventors have further found that the lighting unit according to the invention is characterized by emitting light with high color uniformity, especially in the case of large displays including the lighting unit of the invention.

A "colorant" comprises one or more reflective and / or scattering pigments that are generally non-luminous. The advantage of using non-luminescent pigments is that the luminescent color of the lighting unit can be controlled and does not depend on the pigments in the lighting unit.

Layer (A) and Layer (B) The lighting unit of this application includes layers (A) and (B), wherein at least one of layer (A) or layer (B) is optically transparent.

In the sense of this application, optically transparent means completely optically transparent and translucent. Therefore, optically transparent means that at least 30% of the incident light enters layer (A) and / or layer (B), preferably 30% to 100%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably 50% to 100%, most preferably At least 80%, and even more preferably 80% to 100%.

Based on EN 410, at least 30%, preferably 30% to 100%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably 50% to 100%, most preferably at least 80%, even more preferably 80% to 100% transparency (light Transmission) is preferably determined as light transmission TL (380-780 nm).

It is also possible that not all layers (A) and / or layer (B) are optically transparent, and only a part of layers (A) and / or layer (B) are optically transparent.

It is also possible that the transparency is wavelength-sensitive, that is, optical transparency also means that the light transmission mentioned above is only for yellow light or green light only or red light or blue light only, but for other wavelengths of light, the light transmission is more low. This is the case, for example, when layer (A) and / or layer (B) is a wavelength-sensitive glass (such as a strong glass layer). It is also possible to use a wavelength-sensitive polymer layer, such as a strong polymer layer.

Suitable optically transparent materials for layer (A) and / or layer (B) are based on glass or transparent polymer, preferably glass, more preferably low-iron glass, or preferably PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PMMA (polymethyl) Methyl acrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PS (polystyrene), PPO (polypropylene oxide), PE (polyethylene), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PP (polypropylene) , PET (polytrimethylene terephthalate), PES (polyetherfluorene), PI (polyimide), and mixtures thereof.

Preferably, at least one of the optically transparent layer (A) and / or the layer (B) is selected from glass or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate).

The optically transparent layer (A) and / or layer (B) may be coated with a functional layer, such as (but not limited to): color effect coating, low-emissivity coating, mirror coating, partially silvered mirror coating, partially transparent Mirror coating.

The optically transparent layer (A) and / or layer (B) may have additional imprints.

The additional film may be on the optically transparent layer (A) and / or layer (B). The film may be engraved with a specific optical transparency, such as (but not limited to) for advertisements using the invention as a backlight.

Suitable glasses and polymers are commercially available or are preferably obtained by methods known in the art. Preferred polystyrenes and polycarbonates are the polystyrenes and carbonates mentioned as matrix (i) in the colorant and described below.

The further non-transparent layer (A) and / or layer (B) may be, for example, polished glass (metal-coated glass), metal foil, metal sheet or frosted glass, individual parts of frosted glass. In addition, it is possible to use a non-transparent polymer layer.

Preferably, however, both layer (A) and layer (B) are optically transparent and selected from the previously mentioned optically transparent materials.

At least one of layer (A) or layer (B) may contain one or more functional features, such as a coating or print for decorative or informational purposes, for pressure (touch panel), heat, light, humidity, The pH sensor element is, for example, to switch a light source, or for example an integrated solar cell or solar cell foil for power supply of a light source.

The layer (A) and the layer (B) generally have a thickness of 0.1 to 50 mm, preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, and more preferably 1.5 to 12 mm, independently of each other.

The areas of layer (A) and layer (B) may be the same or different and preferably the same. The area is usually 0.05 to 25 m ² , preferably 0.08 to 15 m ² , and more preferably 0.09 to 10 m ² .

At least one dimension of the layer (A) and the layer (B) is usually 0.1 to 10 m, preferably 0.25 to 5 m, and more preferably 0.3 to 3 m.

In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the layer (A) or the layer (B) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the grid includes at least two coloring agents that generate different luminescent colors.

Preferably, the layer (A) or layer (B) that is at least partially covered with a colorant grid is optically transparent.

The layer (A) and the layer (B) have an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface of the layer (A) and the layer (B) is a surface facing the direction of the intermediate layer (C). The outer surfaces of layer (A) and layer (B) are opposite surfaces. Preferably, the inner surface of the layer (A) and / or the layer (B) is at least partially covered with a grid of colorants, wherein the grid contains at least two kinds of coloring agents that generate different luminous colors. In this case, the colorant is protected from damage such as abrasion.

Intermediate layer (C) At least one intermediate layer (C) is disposed between the layer (A) and the layer (B) and is arranged in parallel with the layer (A) and the layer (B).

The intermediate layer (C) may be any material used in laminated glass. Therefore, suitable materials for the intermediate layer (C) are known to those skilled in the art. An advantage of the present invention is that it is possible to use materials commonly used for laminated glass for layers (A), (B), and (C).

Preferably, the intermediate layer (C) is based on an ionic polymer (ionic plastic), an acid copolymer of an α-olefin and an α, β-olefin unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and polyvinyl acetal. (E.g. poly (vinyl butyral)) (PVB), including sound level poly (ethylene acetal), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (e.g. metallocene catalyzed Linear low density polyethylene), polyolefin block elastomers, ethylene acrylate copolymers (e.g. poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) and poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate)), polysiloxane elastomers , Epoxy resin and its mixture.

Suitable ionic polymers are derived from acid copolymers. Suitable acid copolymers are copolymers of α-olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and α, β-olefin unsaturated carboxylic acids. The acid copolymer usually contains at least 1% by weight of an α, β-olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid based on the total weight of the copolymer. Preferably, the acid copolymer contains at least 10% by weight, more preferably 15% to 25% by weight, and most preferably 18% to 23% by weight of an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid based on the total weight of the copolymer. acid.

The previously mentioned alpha-olefins usually contain 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably, the α-olefin is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4- Methyl-1-pentene and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the α-olefin is ethylene. The α, β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid Monomethyl maleic acid and mixtures thereof, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.

The acid copolymer may further contain other unsaturated copolymers such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, methyl Isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, third butyl acrylate, third butyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate Undecyl acrylate, undecyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-methacrylic acid 2- Ethylhexyl, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, methyl Glycidyl acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate, polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, poly (Ethylene glycol) Methacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) behenyl ether acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) behenyl ether methacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) 4-nonylphenyl ether acrylate, poly ( Ethylene glycol) 4-nonyl phenyl ether methacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) phenyl ether methacrylate, dimethyl maleate, maleic acid Diethyl malate, Dibutyl maleate, Dimethyl fumarate, Diethyl fumarate, Dibutyl fumarate, Dimenthyl fumarate Esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the other unsaturated comonomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof . The acid copolymer may contain up to 50% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, and more preferably up to 20% by weight of other unsaturated copolymers based on the total weight of the copolymer.

The preparation of previously mentioned acid copolymers is known in the art and described in, for example, US 3,404,134, US 5,028,674, US 6,500,888 and US 6,518,635.

To obtain an ionic polymer, the acid copolymer is partially or completely neutralized using metal ions. Preferably, the acid copolymer is used to neutralize the acid copolymer by 10% to 100%, more preferably 10% to 50%, and most preferably 20% to 40% based on the total number of moles of carboxylic acid groups in the ionomer copolymer. . Metal ions may be monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or polyvalent, or a mixture of these metal ions. Preferred monovalent metal ions are sodium, potassium, lithium, silver, mercury, copper, and mixtures thereof. Preferred divalent metal ions are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and mixtures thereof. Preferred trivalent metal ions are aluminum, scandium, iron, yttrium, and mixtures thereof. Preferred polyvalent metal ions are titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, chromium, cerium, iron, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, when the metal ion is multivalent, complexing agents such as stearates, oleates, salicylates and phenol groups are included (see US 3,404,134). More preferred metal ions are selected from the group consisting of sodium, lithium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, and mixtures thereof. In addition, preferred metal ions are selected from the group consisting of sodium, zinc, and mixtures thereof. Zinc is the best metal ion. The acid copolymer may be neutralized as disclosed, for example, in US 3,404,134.

As measured by ASTM method D1238 at 190 ° C, ionic polymers typically have a melt index of less than 10 g / 10 minutes, preferably less than 5 g / 10 minutes, and more preferably less than 3 g / 10 minutes ( MI). In addition, as measured by ASTM method D638, ionic polymers typically have a flexural modulus greater than 40,000 psi, preferably greater than 50,000 psi, and more preferably greater than 60,000 psi.

Ionic polymer resins are generally prepared from acid copolymers having a weight of less than 60 g / 10 minutes, preferably less than 55 g / 10 minutes, and more preferably less than 50 g / minute, as determined by ASTM method D1238 at 190 ° C. An acid copolymer with a MI of 10 minutes, preferably less than 35 g / 10 minutes.

Suitable ionic polymers are mentioned in US 8,080,726 B2.

Preferably, the intermediate layer (C) is based on an ionic polymer, whereby the preferred ionic polymer is a polyvinyl acetal, a preferred polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate ( EVA), ethylene / vinyl alcohol / ethylene acetal copolymer and epoxy casting resin. More preferably, the intermediate layer (C) is based on an ionic polymer, whereby a preferred ionic polymer is previously mentioned or polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and a preferred PVB system is mentioned below. Commercial materials for the functional intermediate layer (C) are Trosifol ^® , Butacite ^® , Saflex ^® , S-Lec ^® and SentryGlas ^® .

PVB is generally manufactured by a known acetalization process, which is manufactured by reacting polyvinyl alcohol ("PVOH") with butyraldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to separate, stabilize, and dry the resin. These acetalization processes are disclosed, for example, in Vinyl Acetal Polymers by BE Wade in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,282,057 and 2,282,026 and Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Technology, 3rd Edition, Volume 8, pages 381-399 (2003), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Resins are commercially available in various forms, for example as Butvar® resin from Solutia Inc., a subsidiary of Eastman Chemical Company.

As used herein, the remaining hydroxyl content (calculated as PVOH) refers to the amount of hydroxyl groups remaining on the polymer chain after processing is complete. For example, PVB can be manufactured by hydrolyzing polyvinyl acetate to PVOH, and then reacting PVOH with butyraldehyde. During the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, not all acetate side groups are usually converted to hydroxyl groups. In addition, the reaction with butyraldehyde will generally not convert all hydroxyl groups to acetal groups. Therefore, in any final polyvinyl butyral resin, there will usually be residual acetate groups (such as vinyl acetate groups) and residual hydroxyl groups (such as vinyl hydroxyl groups) as pendant groups on the polymer chain. As used herein, the remaining hydroxyl content is measured on a weight percent basis in each ASTM 1396.

Preferably, the polyvinyl butyral comprises about 8 to about 35 weight percent (wt.%), Or about 13 to about 30 wt.%, About 9 to about 22 wt.%, Or about 15 to about 22 wt. % Is calculated as the hydroxyl group of PVOH; or for certain embodiments, about 17.75 to about 19.85 wt.% Is calculated as the hydroxyl group of PVOH. The resin may also contain less than 15 wt.% Remaining ester groups, less than 13 wt.%, Less than 11 wt.%, Less than 9 wt.%, Less than 7 wt.%, Less than 5 wt.% Or less Residual ester groups calculated as polyvinyl esters at 1 wt.%, Such as acetate, the rest are acetals such as butyral acetals, but optionally other acetal groups, such as 2-ethylhexanal acetal A mixture of acetal or butyraldehyde acetal and 2-ethylhexanal acetal.

If measured by particle size sieve chromatography using small-angle laser light scattering, the PVB of this disclosure typically has greater than or equal to 50,000, or about 50,000 to about 500,000, or about 70,000 to about 500,000 Daltons, or about 80,000 To a molecular weight of about 250,000 Daltons. As used herein, the term "molecular weight" refers to a weight average molecular weight.

The PVB interlayer of this disclosure does not contain plasticizers or may contain one or more plasticizers. Generally, if a plasticizer is present, the PVB intermediate layer contains about 15 to about 100 phr (parts per 100 parts resin) total plasticizer. As used herein, the amount of plasticizer in the intermediate layer can be measured on a weight / weight basis as parts per 100 parts resin (phr). For example, if 30 grams of plasticizer is added to 100 grams of polymer resin, the plasticizer content of the plasticized polymer obtained subsequently should be 30 phr. As used herein, when specifying the plasticizer content of the intermediate layer, the plasticizer content is determined based on the phr of the plasticizer in the melt used to make the intermediate layer.

Suitable plasticizers for PVB are known to those skilled in the art.

The plasticizer works by intercalating itself between the polymer chains, separating them (increasing the "free volume") and thus significantly reducing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer resin (usually reduced by 0.5 to 4 <Q> C / phr), making the material softer. In this regard, the amount of plasticizer in the intermediate layer can be adjusted to affect the glass transition temperature (Tg). The glass transition temperature (Tg) indicates the temperature at which the intermediate layer transitions from a glassy state to an elastic state. In general, higher amounts of plasticizer loading will result in lower Tg. Conventional intermediate layers usually have a Tg in the range of about -5 ° C to 0 ° C for acoustic (noise reduction) intermediate layers, and to about 45 ° C for hurricane and aircraft intermediate layer applications. For some embodiments, a particularly suitable Tg is in the range of about 25 ° C to about 45 ° C, or for other embodiments, for some embodiments of the multilayer intermediate layer, a particularly suitable Tg is in the range of about 25 ° C to about 45 ° ℃ (for the epidermis) and about -2 ℃ to about 10 ℃ (for the core layer).

The thickness of the intermediate layer (C) is usually 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm, and even more preferably 0.35 mm to 1.6 mm.

The area of the intermediate layer (C) may be the same as or different from the area of the layer (A) and / or the layer (B). Preferably, the areas of the layer (A), the layer (B) and the intermediate layer (C) are the same. The appropriate area of the intermediate layer (C) is the same as that mentioned for the layers (A) and (B). The intermediate layer may be composed of several smaller-area intermediate layers, which are tiled side by side to form a larger intermediate layer.

According to the invention, an intermediate layer (C) may be provided between layers (A) and (B). However, there may be more than one intermediate layer (C) between layers (A) and (B), especially two, three or four functional intermediate layers (C). In the case where there is more than one intermediate layer (C), the intermediate layers (C) are preferably different from each other.

At least one of layer (A), layer (B), or layer (C) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the grid contains at least two colorants that produce different luminescent colors.

Generally, at least one of layer (A), layer (B), or layer (C) in a lighting unit according to the present invention is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the grid contains at least two kinds of Colorant.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate layer (C) is at least partially covered with a grid of colorants, wherein the grid contains at least two kinds of coloring agents that generate different luminescent colors.

It is further possible that the colorant exists on at least one of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C) in a gradient form, preferably on the intermediate layer (C), that is, the layer (A ), Layer (B) or layer (C) on at least one of the layers, preferably on the intermediate layer (C), the coloring agent changes according to the distance from the at least one light source (D). For example, the area of at least one of the layer (A), layer (B), or layer (C) covered with the colorant, preferably the intermediate layer (C), increases with distance from a light source (D). Linear expansion. It is also possible that different colorants are present in different amounts on at least one of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably on the intermediate layer (C).

The colorant may cover all layers (A), (B), or (C), preferably the intermediate layer (C), that is, layer (A), layer (B), or layer (C), the preferred intermediate layer (C) 100% of the area. However, it is also possible that only a part of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably the intermediate layer (C) is covered with a colorant. Thus, for example, layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C) of 0.5 to 50%, preferably 1 to 40%, more preferably 2 to 30%, best 3 to 25% and even best 4 to 20% ), Preferably the intermediate layer (C) is covered with a colorant.

The colorant is present on the layer (A), the layer (B), or the layer (C) in the form of a colorant mesh, preferably on the intermediate layer (C).

The colorant is usually present on the layer (A), the layer (B) or the layer (C) at a thickness of 100 nm to 50 μm, preferably 5 μm to 20 μm, and preferably on the intermediate layer (C).

The colorant grid is generally known to those skilled in the art, and may be, for example, a dot screen or a line screen. Typical points are dots, ellipses, diamonds, hexagons or squares.

Preferably, the colorant grid contains three colorants that produce different luminescent colors.

Preferably, the coloring agents in the coloring agent grid which generate different luminescent colors are arranged next to each other.

The coloring agent is present on the layer (A), the layer (B) or the layer (C), preferably on the intermediate layer (C), and preferably includes: i) at least one matrix (i); and iii) at least one reflective and / or scattering pigment (ii).

Other components may be present in the colorant, such as luminescent group, plasticizer, UV stabilizer, crosslinker, accelerator, photoinitiator, surfactant (preferably non-polymeric dispersant), thixotropic modifier .

In one embodiment, the colorant is present on the layer (A), the layer (B), or the layer (C) as agglomerates, preferably on the intermediate layer (C). Generally, these agglomerates have a particle size greater than 400 nm.

Matrix (i) The at least one matrix (i) present in the toner according to the present application may be any material suitable for the matrix known to those skilled in the art.

Suitable matrix materials are polymers. The polymer is usually an inorganic polymer or an organic polymer. Preferred polymers are those in which at least one reflective and / or scattering pigment (ii) is uniformly distributed without decomposition.

Suitable inorganic polymers are, for example, silicates or silicon dioxide. For example, in the case of silicate or silicon dioxide, this can be achieved by decomposing the polymer from a water glass solution.

Preferably, the matrix (i) comprises the following homopolymers or copolymers: (meth) acrylates, that is, polymethacrylates or polyacrylates, such as poly (meth) acrylate, poly (methyl) Base) ethyl acrylate or poly (meth) acrylate; poly (ethylene acetal), especially poly (vinyl butyrate) (PVB), such as ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose Cellulose polymer, poly (vinyl acetate), polystyrene (PS), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyimide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyamine, polycaprolactone , Phosphoric acid-functionalized polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene (e.g. metallocene-catalyzed linear (Low density polyethylene), castor oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, polybutene, polysiloxane, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polydichloroethylene (PVDC), polystyrene propylene Nitrile (SAN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyvinyl butyrate (PVB), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, polyformaldehyde, polyimide, Ether (PEI), or a mixture thereof.

Preferred matrix materials (i) are selected from the group consisting of homopolymers or copolymers or (meth) acrylates, that is, polymethylmethacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, such as ethyl Cellulose derivatives, cellulose derivatives of nitrocellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or mixtures thereof.

Polyethylene terephthalate can be obtained by condensing ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid.

The preferred matrix material (i) is an organic polymer consisting essentially of polystyrene and / or polycarbonate. More preferably, the matrix is comprised of polystyrene or polycarbonate.

It should be understood that polystyrene includes all homopolymers or copolymers resulting from the polymerization of styrene and / or derivatives of styrene.

Derivatives of styrene are, for example, alkylstyrenes, such as α-methylstyrene, n-m-p-methylstyrene, p-butylstyrene, especially p-tert-butylstyrene, alkoxy Based on styrene, such as p-methoxystyrene, p-butoxystyrene, and especially p-tertiary butoxystyrene.

Generally speaking, suitable polystyrene has an average molar mass M _{n of} 10,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol (determined by GPC), preferably 20,000 to 750,000 g / mol, and more preferably 30,000 to 500,000 g / mol.

In a preferred embodiment, the matrix (i) consists essentially or entirely of a homopolymer of styrene or a derivative of styrene.

In another preferred embodiment, the matrix (i) consists essentially or entirely of a styrene copolymer, which is also considered polystyrene in the context of this application. Styrene copolymers may contain, for example, butadiene, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, vinylcarbazole or an ester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or acrylic acid as a monomer. Suitable styrene copolymers generally comprise at least 20% by weight of styrene, preferably at least 40% by weight of styrene and more preferably at least 60% by weight of styrene. In another embodiment, it comprises at least 90% by weight of styrene.

Preferred styrene copolymers are styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), styrene-1,1-stilbene copolymer, acrylate-styrene -Acrylonitrile copolymer (ASA), methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer (MABS), and α-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (AMSAN).

Styrene homopolymers or copolymers can be prepared, for example, by free-radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, or under the influence of organometallic compound catalysts such as Ziegler-Natta-catalyst. This can result in co-row, counter-row, hetero-row polystyrene or copolymer. It is preferably prepared by radical polymerization. The polymerization can be carried out as suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization or block polymerization.

The preparation of suitable polystyrenes is described, for example, in Oskar Nuyken, Polystyrenes and Other Aromatic Polyvinyl Compounds; described in Kricheldorf, Nuyken, Swift, New York, 2005, pages 73 to 150 and references cited therein; and described in Elias , Macromolecules, Weinheim 2007, pp. 269-275.

Polycarbonate is a polyester of carbonic acid and aromatic or aliphatic dihydroxy compound. Preferred dihydroxy compounds are, for example, methylene, diphenylene, and dihydroxy compounds, such as bisphenol A.

One method of preparing polycarbonate is to react a suitable dihydroxy compound with phosgene in an interfacial polymerization. Another method is to react with a carbonic acid diester such as diphenyl carbonate in a polycondensation.

The preparation of suitable polycarbonates is described, for example, in Elias, Macromolecules, Weinheim 2007, pages 343 to 347.

In a preferred embodiment, polystyrene or polycarbonate that has been polymerized under oxygen-exhausting conditions is used. During the polymerization, the monomer preferably contains up to 1000 ppm oxygen, more preferably up to 100 ppm, and even more preferably up to 10 ppm.

The preparation of the polycarbonates and polystyrenes mentioned above and the preparation of the other compounds mentioned as the matrix material (i) according to the invention are known to those skilled in the art. Generally, the above-mentioned matrix material (i) is commercially available.

Suitable matrix materials, particularly suitable polystyrene and / or polycarbonate, may contain additives as additional ingredients such as flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, free radical scavengers, antistatic agents. These additional ingredients are known to those skilled in the art and are generally commercially available.

In one embodiment of the present invention, polystyrene or polycarbonate that does not contain any antioxidant or free radical scavenger is used as the matrix (i).

In another embodiment of the invention, the matrix material (i), especially a polystyrene or polycarbonate-based transparent polymer.

In another embodiment, suitable matrix materials (i), particularly suitable polystyrene or polycarbonate-based opaque polymers.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the matrix (i) consists essentially or entirely of a mixture of polystyrene and / or polycarbonate with other polymers, but the matrix (i) preferably contains at least 25% by weight, more preferably Polystyrene and / or polycarbonate of at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight.

In another embodiment, the matrix consists essentially or entirely of polystyrene or polycarbonate or a mixture of polystyrene and polycarbonate mixed in any ratio.

It is possible that each of polystyrene and polycarbonate is used as a mixture of different polystyrene and different polycarbonate.

The matrix (i) may be mechanically reinforced, for example, using fiberglass.

Reflective and / or scattering pigments (ii) As at least reflective and / or scattering pigments (ii), generally all suitable reflecting and / or scattering pigments (ii) materials known in the art can be used.

Reflective and / or scattering pigments (ii) are usually colored (e.g. red, green or blue) pigments or white pigments. Pigments are organic or inorganic pigments. Organic pigments also include organic dyes.

Suitable inorganic pigments are, for example: purple pigments, such as: aluminum pigments, such as: ultramarine violet: (PV15) sulfur-containing sodium silicate and aluminum silicate. Copper pigments, such as: • Chinese violet : BaCuSi ₂ O ₆ . Cobalt pigments, such as: Cobalt violet : (PV14) cobalt orthophosphate. Manganese pigments such as: manganese _{violet: NH 4 MnP 2 O 7 (} PV16) manganese ammonium pyrophosphate ^[1] a blue pigment such as aluminum pigment, such as: · ultramarine (PB29): The naturally occurring sulfur-containing sodium - silicate complex pigment _{(Na 8-10 Al 6 Si 6 O} 24 S 2-4) · Persian blue: green gold rock by grinding minerals produced. The most important mineral component of lapis lazuli is celestite (25% to 40%), feldspar-like silicic acid with the formula (Na, Ca) 8 (AlSiO 4) 6 (S, SO 4, Cl) 1-2 Salt mineral cobalt pigments, such as: Cobalt blue (PB28) and sky blue (PB35) : Cobalt stannate (II) copper pigments, such as: • Egyptian blue : Synthetic pigment of calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi ₄ O ₁₀ ). Considered the first synthetically produced pigment. · Chinese blue : BaCuSi ₄ O ₁₀ · Azurite : copper hydroxide (Cu ₃ (CO ₃ ) ₂ (OH) ₂ ) iron pigment, such as: · Prussian blue (PB27): iron hexacyano (Fe ₇ (CN) ₁₈ ) of synthetic pigments. Dye- labeled blue is made by mixing Prussian blue with alcohol. Synthesis of pigment _{(YIn 1-x Mn x O} 3) Oregon State University (Oregon State University), Dr. Virginia's cloth Raman laboratory (Dr. Mas Subramanian's lab) discovery: manganese pigments, such as: · YinMn blue. ^[2] Green pigments, such as cadmium pigments, such as: · Cadmium green : a light green pigment chromium pigment composed of a mixture of cadmium yellow (CdS) and cadmium green (Cr ₂ O ₃ ), such as: · chrome green (PG17): Chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) · Chrome green (PG18): dark green pigment cobalt pigment of hydrated chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ • H ₂ O), such as: · Cobalt green : also known as Rinman's green ) Or zinc green (CoZnO ₂ ) copper pigments, such as: • Malachite : copper hydroxide carbonate (Cu ₂ CO ₃ (OH) ₂ ) • Paris green : copper acetoarsenite (Cu (C ₂ H ₃ O _{2 ) 2 · 3Cu (AsO 2)} 2) · green Scherer (Scheele's green) (also known as Castle green): copper arsenite (CuHAsO ₃₎ · aeruginosa: a variety of less soluble copper salt, especially copper acetate (a Cu ( CH ₃ CO ₂ ) ₂ ) and malachite (Cu ₂ CO ₃ (OH) ₂ ) other pigments, such as: · smectite : also known as chlorite and Verona green (K [(Al, Fe ^III ), (Fe ^II , Mg) (AlSi ₃ , Si ₄ ) O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ ) Yellow pigments, such as arsenic pigments, such as: Realgar : Natural monoclinic arsenic sulfide (As ₂ S ₃ ), cadmium pigment , such as: cadmium yellow (PY37): cadmium sulfide (CdS), which is also presented as cadmium sulfur mineral ore chromium pigments, such as: · chrome yellow (PY34): chromium Lead (PbCrO _4), which is also present as cobalt crocoite mineral pigments, such as: cobalt yellow (also known as cobalt yellow) (PY40):. Cobalt nitrite and potassium _{(K 3 Co (NO 2)} 6) Iron pigments, such as: · yellowish brown (PY43): the presence of a single natural hydrated iron oxide _{(Fe 2 O 3 .H 2 O} ) lead pigments, such as: · Naples yellow (Naples yellow) (PY41) · Pb - Sn yellow: PbSnO ₄ Or Pb (Sn, Si) O ₃ titanium pigments, such as: · titanium yellow (PY53) tin pigments, such as: · color gold : tin sulfide (SnS ₂ ) zinc pigments, such as: · zinc yellow (PY36): zinc chromate (ZnCrO ₄ ), a highly toxic substance with anti-corrosive properties, which used to be most commonly used for metallic paint. Orange pigments, such as cadmium pigments, such as: · Cadmium Orange (PO20): Intermediate color between cadmium red and cadmium yellow: sulfur Chromium selenide . Chromium pigments, such as: • Chrome orange : currently vague pigment red pigments composed of a mixture of lead chromate and lead (II) oxide (PbCrO ₄ + PbO), such as arsenic pigments, such as: • realgar : sulfurized mineral arsenic (as ₄ S ₄₎ cadmium pigments, such as: cadmium red (PR108): cadmium selenide (CdSe) iron oxide pigments, such as: · blood red, red Caput (Caput Mortuum), Indian red (Indian red) , Venice Red (Venetian Red), red oxide (PR102) · red ocher (PR102): Fe ₂ O ₃ · anhydrous cooked brown (PBr7): manufactured by heating the raw sienna pigment. Lead pigments, such as: - red lead (pigment): also called red lead, lead tetroxide, Pb ₃ O ₄ pigment mercury, such as: · red (PR106): synthetic and natural pigments: cinnabar in the naturally occurring mineral. Mercury sulfide (HgS) brown pigments, such as clay pigments (naturally occurring iron oxides), such as: • Raw ocher clay (PBr7): natural clay pigments composed of iron oxide, manganese oxide, and alumina: Fe ₂ O ₃ + MnO ₂ + nH ₂ O + Si + AlO ₃ . When roasted (heated), it is called dark brown and has more intense colors. Raw vermiculite (PBr7): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. It has been used in this field since prehistoric times. Black pigments, such as: carbon pigment, such as: Carbon black (PBk7) · Ivory Black (PBk9) · black grapes (PBk8) · Coal Black (PBk6) iron pigments, such as black-Mars (Mars Black) (iron black) (PBk11) (CI No.77499): Fe ₃ O ₄ manganese pigments, such as: · Manganese dioxide : color is black or brown, (MnO ₂ ) titanium pigments used since prehistoric times, such as: · titanium black : titanium oxide ( III) (Ti ₂ O ₃ ) white pigments, such as antimony pigments, such as: • Antimony white : antimony oxide (Sb ₂ O ₃ ) barium pigments, such as: • barium sulfate (PW5): (BaSO ₄ ) • zinc barium white : BaSO ₄ * ZnS lead pigments, such as: · Pure lead white (PW1): basic lead carbonate ((PbCO ₃ ) ₂ · Pb (OH) ₂ ) titanium pigments, such as: · titanium white (PW6): titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) Zinc pigments, such as: • Zinc White (PW4): Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

Suitable organic pigments are, for example: alizarin, xanthophyll, aryl yellow, azo dyes, bilin (biochemical), linen, bone charcoal, kaput red, carmine, crimson, diarylate pigments , Dibromoanthracene anthraquinone, dracaena, garcinia yellow, Indian yellow, indigo dye, naphthol AS, naphthol red, eye pigment, fluorenone, phthalocyanine blue BN, phthalocyanine green G, pigment violet 23, pigment yellow 10 , Pigment Yellow 12, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Yellow 16, Pigment Yellow 81, Pigment Yellow 83, Pigment Yellow 139, Pigment Yellow 185, Quinacridone, Rose Red, Rylene dye, Sepia (color) or Tyrian purple.

Suitable organic dyes are, for example: Alixin Yellow 1, Medium Red 11, Medium Red 3, Medium Yellow 1, Medium Orange 1, Acid Red 1, Basic Brown 4, Basic Brown 1, Basic Dye, Basic Orange 1, Basic Orange 2, Direct Red 28, Basic Violet 3, Acid Violet 19, Basic Violet 1, Basic Dyes, Acid Yellow 17, Acid Yellow 24, Basic Blue 6, Acid Yellow 36, Acid Orange 52, Acid Red 2. Acid Black 1, Acid Green 1, Acid Yellow 1, Acid Orange 10, Acid Red 94, Solvent Orange 7, Direct Yellow 9, Acid Orange 6, Acid Orange 5, Acid Orange 7, Basic Blue 8, Basic Blue 26. Basic Blue 11 or Acid Blue 147.

Generally, according to DIN 13320, the reflective and / or scattering pigments (ii) have an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 30 µm, preferably 0.5 to 10 µm, more preferably 1 to 10 µm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the colorant comprises at least one matrix (i) selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polycarbonate, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, and poly (methyl Base) acrylates, (meth) acrylate-containing copolymers or mixtures thereof; and ii) at least one reflective and / or scattering pigment (ii), which is selected from TiO ₂ , ZnO, Al ₂ O ₃ , Y ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ and mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the lighting unit according to the present application contains a colorant on layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably on the intermediate layer (C), wherein in each case, the colorant The total amount is 100% by weight, and the colorants include at least one reflective and / or scattering pigment of 0.5 to 60% by weight, preferably 2 to 55% by weight, and more preferably 5 to 52% by weight (ii ).

The colorant preferably comprises i) at least one matrix (i) of 40 to 99.5% by weight, 45 to 98% by weight, more preferably 48 to 95% by weight, ii) 0.5 to 60% by weight, more At least one reflective and / or scattering pigment (ii) is preferably 2 to 55% by weight, more preferably 5 to 52% by weight, wherein the total of all components (i) and (ii) is 100% by weight.

Other intermediate layers (I) In addition to layers (A), (B), and (C), the lighting unit according to the present invention may include at least one intermediate layer (I). The intermediate layer (I) is disposed between the layer (A) and the layer (B) and is arranged in parallel with the layer (A) and the layer (B), and is in direct contact with the intermediate layer (C). The intermediate layer (I) is provided between the layer (A) and the layer (C) or between the layer (C) and the layer (B). There may be one intermediate layer (I), or more than one intermediate layer (I), such as 2 or 3 intermediate layers (I). In the case where there is more than one intermediate layer (I), the intermediate layer (C) may be disposed between two intermediate layers (I).

The intermediate layer (I) may be any material suitable for use in the lighting unit according to the invention, especially laminated glass. Therefore, suitable materials for the intermediate layer (I) are known to those skilled in the art.

Suitable materials for the intermediate layer (I) are those mentioned as materials for the intermediate layer (C).

The at least one intermediate layer (I) usually has a thickness of 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 6 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm, and more preferably 0.35 to 1.6 mm.

Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the lighting unit includes: a) layer (A); b) layer (B); wherein at least one of layer (A) or layer (B) is optically transparent, and Layer (A) and layer (B) are arranged parallel to each other, c) at least one intermediate layer (C) is arranged between layer (A) and layer (B) and is arranged in parallel with layer (A) and layer (B) C ') at least one intermediate layer (I), which is arranged between the layer (C) and the layer (B) and is arranged in parallel with the layer (C) and the layer (B); and / or is provided between the layer (A) and The layers (C) are arranged in parallel with the layers (A) and (C); d) at least one light source (D) is provided at the edge of the stack, wherein the layer (A), the layer (B) or the layer ( At least one of C) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the grid contains at least two colorants that produce different luminescent colors.

Suitable and preferred materials and characteristics of layers (A), (B), (C), and (I) of the lighting unit, as well as suitable light sources (D) and other suitable components are mentioned above and below.

At least one light source (D) The light source (D) may be any light source known to those skilled in the art to be suitable for use in a lighting unit.

Preferably, the light source (D) is selected from the group consisting of an LED (light emitting diode), an OLED (organic light emitting diode), a laser, and a gas discharge lamp. Preferably, the light source (D) is selected from the group consisting of LEDs and OLEDs, and more preferably LEDs.

The preferred light source exhibits low energy consumption, low installation depth, and a highly variable wavelength range, which can be selected as needed (small wavelength range or large wavelength range).

Suitable wavelength ranges for the light source (D) are, for example, 440 to 470 nm (blue), 515 to 535 nm (green), and 610 to 630 nm (red). Depending on the color of the desired light, for example, in the case of white light, light sources (D) having different wavelengths may be combined or a light source having a desired light color (eg, white light) may be used. It is possible, for example, to selectively adjust the emission spectrum of the OLED by the device structure of the OLED.

Therefore, the light source (D) preferably emits light in a wavelength range of 250 to 1000 nm, preferably 360 to 800 nm. More preferably, the light source emits light having a wavelength (peak wavelength) of 360 to 650 nm.

A light source may emit light from a combination of more than one spectral emission line.

Preferably, the wavelength of the light emitted by the light source is adjustable. Therefore, it is possible to change the color of the light emitted by the lighting unit according to the present invention.

In the lighting unit according to the present invention, one or more light sources may be used. Preferably, 1 to 200 light sources, more preferably 1 to 100 light sources, and most preferably 1 to 50 light sources are used in the lighting unit according to the present application.

The light sources emit in the same wavelength range or in different wavelength ranges, that is, the light sources emit in the same light color or in different light colors. Preferably, the light sources used in the lighting unit according to the present application emit in the same light color or in three different light colors, that is, the colors are usually red, green, and blue. By combining light sources (D) emitting red, green and blue, the desired different light colors can be adjusted.

The light source (D) preferably displays directional light radiation. The angle of radiation (half-value angle) is preferably less than 120 °, more preferably less than 90 °, and most preferably less than 45 °.

In a preferred embodiment, the lighting unit according to the present application includes at least one optical element (E), which is disposed between the at least one light source and the stacks, and is located at the edges of the stacks.

Where more than one light source is used, more than one optical element may also be used, that is, the number of preferred optical elements is equal to the number of light sources present.

Suitable optical elements are known to those skilled in the art. Examples of suitable optical elements are lenses or cylindrical lenses. The optical element is placed in a path where light rays enter the edge of the stack from the light source. The optical element may be directly connected (e.g., glued) to the light source, or may be connected (e.g., glued) to one side of the stack, or may be connected to a cross section that fixes the position of the light source, the position of the optical element, and the stack to each other.

In another preferred embodiment, this embodiment may be combined with the previously mentioned preferred embodiment (at least one optical element is present), with the lighting unit at each edge of the two edges of the stack, especially relative to each other Both edges contain at least one light source.

Lighting unit The lighting unit according to the present invention is in a laminated form, which comprises a) layer (A); b) layer (B); wherein at least one of layer (A) or layer (B) is optically transparent, And layer (A) and layer (B) are arranged parallel to each other, c) at least one intermediate layer (C) is provided between layer (A) and layer (B) and is parallel to layer (A) and layer (B) Arrangement; d) at least one light source (D) provided at the edge of the stack, wherein at least one of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the net The cell contains at least two coloring agents that produce different luminescent colors.

In addition to the intermediate layer (C), the lighting unit further comprises at least one intermediate layer (I) as appropriate.

The lighting unit further comprises at least one optical element (E) as appropriate.

The layer (A), the layer (B), the layer (C), the layer (I), the light source (D), and the optical element (E) are described above.

The layer thickness of the layer (A) is preferably 0.1 to 50 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, and most preferably 1.5 to 12 mm.

The layer thickness of the layer (B) is preferably 0.1 to 50 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, and most preferably 1.5 to 12 mm.

The layer thickness of the functional intermediate layer (C) is preferably 0.05 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 6 mm, most preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm, and even more preferably 0.35 to 1.6 mm.

The lighting unit preferably comprises one, two, three or four intermediate layers (C), preferably one or two and most preferably one intermediate layer (C).

At least one light source (D) is disposed on the edge of the stack. This means that the arrangement of the light sources (D) is preferably such that the radiation is irradiated parallel to the intermediate layer (C). Therefore, the light source is preferably disposed on the front of the lighting unit. A suitable embodiment showing the arrangement of the lighting units is shown in the figure.

Preferably, the light source (D) is disposed in the middle of the total height of the lighting unit. A suitable position of the light source is shown in the figure, for example.

In the case of more than one light source, the light sources are arranged as mentioned above.

In the cross-sectional view, in the case where more than one light source is used, the light sources are arranged linearly, which is preferably the same distance as the stack of the lighting unit. More preferably, the light source is provided at at least one edge of the lighting unit. However, in another preferred embodiment, the light source is disposed at two edges of the stack, preferably edges opposite to each other.

The number of light sources (D) usually depends on the desired light intensity and the efficiency of the light source and the area of the stack.

In the case where the light source is provided at two edges of the laminate facing each other, the unevenness may be further reduced, for example, due to light absorption in the layer of the lighting unit.

In another embodiment of the present application, there may be an optical element (E), such as a cylindrical lens, between the light source and the stack. Using optical elements, it is possible to optimize the distribution of light in the lighting unit. The optical element is usually disposed between the light source (D) of the lighting unit of the present invention and the stack.

Preparation of Lighting Units The preparation of lighting units according to the present application is generally carried out as known in the art.

Preferably, the manufacturing process of the lighting unit according to the present invention includes the following steps: i) coating the colorant on the layer (A), the layer (B) or the layer (C), and the preferred layer (C), and thus Forming a coloring agent grid, wherein the grid contains at least two kinds of coloring agents that generate different luminescent colors; ii) layer (A), at least one intermediate layer (C), and layer (B) are laminated, wherein layer (A), The layer (C) and the layer (B) are arranged parallel to each other, so that at least one layer (C) is disposed between the layer (A) and the layer (B); iii) at least one light source (D) is installed at the edge of the stack .

The layers of the lighting unit are laminated by any process known in the art, such as by stacking the layers of the lighting unit and placing it under a vacuum by, for example, placing it in a vacuum bag and placing it in an autoclave Reinforced and laminated, for example at 100 to 180 ° C. and for example under a pressure of 2 to 20 bar and / or for example for 0.5 to 10 hours. iii) Mount at least one light source (D) on the edge of the stack

As known to those skilled in the art, light sources are typically applied to the stack after lamination.

In one embodiment of the present application, the light source and optional optical elements are fixed to the stack by a profile, such as by an LED profile. i) The colorant is applied on layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), and preferably layer (C), thereby forming a coloring agent grid, wherein the grid contains at least two kinds to generate different luminous colors Tinting agent

The layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably layer (C) is usually covered with at least two toners that produce different luminescent colors by any known method, for example by printing, such as screen printing Printing, pad printing or inkjet printing, slit-die coating or by coating, such as slit-die, slit, roll coating, curtain coating, dip coating, embossing or spray coating. Preferably, it is covered with at least two kinds of coloring agents which generate different light emitting colors by screen printing or inkjet printing.

To apply a colorant by screen printing, inkjet printing, or slit dyeing, a coloring agent in the form of a printing formulation (ink) is usually applied to the layer (A), the layer (B), or the layer (C ), Preferred layer (C). In addition to a coloring agent comprising at least one matrix (i) and at least one reflective and / or scattering pigment (ii), the printing formulation generally comprises at least one solvent.

The at least one solvent is usually an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents in which the colorant is dissolved or dispersed.

Suitable solvents are, for example, alkanols, such as n-alkanol and iso-alkanols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol; monoisobutyl alcohol; butylcarbitol; ethanol or alcohol-based acetic acid Esters, such as butylcarbitol acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol diacetate; dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether; ethylenedioxime, diethylenedioxime ; Or a linear or branched alkyl acetate having 3 to 22 carbon atoms.

For example, the printing formulation is processed on layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably layer (C) by: printing, such as screen printing, pad printing or inkjet printing, or borrowing By coating, such as slit-die, slit, roll coating, curtain coating, dip coating, embossing or spray coating. It is also possible to apply the colorant to only part of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably layer (C).

According to the present invention, at least one of layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), and preferably layer (C) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the grid contains at least two kinds that produce different luminescent colors Coloring agent.

Therefore, step i) is preferably performed as follows: A1) A first colorant is applied to the layer (A), the layer (B), for example, by pad printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, slit coating or dip coating. ) Or layer (C), preferably layer (C); A2) A second colorant is applied to layer (A), for example, by pad printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, slit coating, or dip coating. ), Layer (B) or layer (C), preferably layer (C); Az) In the case of more than two colorants, for example, by pad printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, slit coating Cloth or dip coating a z-th colorant on layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably layer (C); or B) all (at least two (Preferably, three, preferably three) colorants are simultaneously applied to layer (A), layer (B), or layer (C), and preferably layer (C).

As known to those skilled in the art, implementing the toner grid on layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably layer (C). The method for coating the colorant grid was mentioned earlier. The grid may be, for example, in the form of a dot mesh screen or in the form of a line mesh screen.

As mentioned above, the grid is coated during printing or by a patterning process known to those skilled in the art, such as by selective light patterning, selective edging, or by selective engraving.

After processing the toner in the form of a printing formulation on layer (A), layer (B) or layer (C), preferably on layer (C), the solvent is removed by a process known in the art, For example, by heating in an environment or by laminar airflow, or by heating in a controlled environment, such as under vacuum.

Typical printing formulations are known to those skilled in the art.

Preferred printing formulations include: (I) a colorant comprising at least one matrix (i), and at least one reflective / scattering pigment (ii), and (II) at least one solvent.

Suitable and preferred colorants are mentioned above. Furthermore, the preferred and suitable organic solvents are mentioned above.

Examples of typical printing formulations are: (i) α-terpineol (70 to 90% by weight based on the total amount of the formulation), EFKA PX 4330 (70%) (from 0.1 to the total amount of the formulation) 5% by weight), titanium yellow or cobalt green (5 to 15% by weight based on the total amount of the formulation), ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial (0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of the formulation), and DISPARLON 6700 ( 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of the formulation). (ii) Glyceryl diacetate (70 to 90% by weight), EFKA PX 4330 (70%) (based on the total amount of printing formulations, 0.1 to 5% by weight), titanium yellow or cobalt green (based on printing formulations) 5 to 15% by weight), ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial (0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), and DISPARLON 6700 (0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations) ). (iii) α-terpineol (70 to 90% by weight based on the total amount of the printing formulation), Solsperse 36000 (0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total amount of the printing formulation), titanium yellow or cobalt green ( 5 to 15% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial (0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), and DISPARLON 6700 (based on the total amount of printing formulations, 0.5 to 10% by weight). (iv) α-terpineol (70 to 90% by weight based on the total amount of the printing formulation), Disperbyk 180 (0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total amount of the printing formulation), titanium yellow or cobalt green ( 5 to 15% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial (0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), and DISPARLON 6700 (based on the total amount of printing formulations, 0.5 to 10% by weight). (v) α-terpineol (70 to 90% by weight based on the total amount of the printing formulation), Disperbyk 2022 (0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total amount of the printing formulation), titanium yellow or cobalt green ( 5 to 15% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), ETHOCEL Std 4 Industrial (0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total amount of printing formulations), and DISPARLON 6700 (based on the total amount of printing formulations, 0.5 to 10% by weight). (vi) Butylcarbitol (80 to 90 parts by weight), ethyl cellulose (5 to 10 parts by weight), titanium yellow or cobalt green (5 to 15 parts by weight). (vii) Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (80 to 90 parts by weight), ethyl cellulose (5 to 10 parts by weight), titanium yellow or cobalt green (5 to 15 parts by weight). Solsperse 36000 = Polyamine dispersant Ethocel = Ethyl cellulose Disparlon 6700 = Ethylene diamine fatty acid diamine Disperbyk 180 = Oligomeric MPEG-phosphate dispersant Where a is an integer of 0 or 1 to 5, and b and c are independently of each other an integer of 1 to 14, and n is 1 to 5. Disperbyk 2022 = acrylate copolymer dispersant amine value: 61 mg KOH / g MW = 9000 g / mol, PDI = 1.6 Composition: by ¹ H-NMR

The lighting unit according to the present application may be used in any suitable application of the lighting unit. Examples of suitable applications are the use of lighting units according to the invention in buildings, furniture, cars, trains, aircraft and ships. Specifically, the present invention is applicable to all applications in which luminescent glass is useful.

The lighting unit according to the present application is used in, for example, buildings, furniture, transportation units, preferably small boats, ships, space ships, airplanes, trains, automobiles, trucks, cars, and sunroofs, Glass roof, stair steps, glass bridge, canopy, fence, car glass, train glass, used for insulating glass units, windows, revolving windows, flip windows, tilt windows, top-hung windows, swing windows, box windows, horizontal sliding Sliding window, vertical sliding window, side window, shop window, ceiling light, door, horizontal sliding door in double wall, wall, closed cavity wall, all-glass structure, D3-wall, wall glass Structural elements, interactive facing walls, curved glass, shaped glass, 3D three-dimensional glass, wood-glass combination, overhead glass, roof glass, bus stop, bathroom wall, interior wall, open space office and indoor partition elements in rooms , Outdoor walls, stair steps, glass bridges, aquariums, balconies, privacy glass, patterned glass, partition walls, light surfaces, background lighting, signs, traffic protection, as skylights, trunk lids In tailgate, for brake lights, for flashers, for position lights in such transport units, in billboards, display cabinets, display curtain walls, interactive bus stations, interactive train stations, interactive junctions , Interactive surfaces, motion sensors, light surfaces and background lighting, signage and traffic protection.

Therefore, the present invention further relates to the use of the lighting unit of the present invention, which is used in buildings, furniture, and transportation units, preferably in boats, ships, space ships, airplanes, trains, automobiles, In trucks, cars, sunroofs, glass roofs, stair steps, glass bridges, canopies, fences, car glass, train glass, for insulating glass units, windows, revolving windows, flip windows, tilt windows, top-hung windows, Swing window, box window, horizontal sliding window, vertical sliding window, side window, shop window, ceiling light, door, horizontal sliding door in double wall, face wall, closed cavity wall, all-glass structure , D3-face wall (double-layer, dynamic and durable face wall), face glass structural elements (e.g., but not limited to fins, shutters), interactive face wall (face wall that responds to external stimuli, such as but not limited to Motion control, radio sensor, other sensors), curved glass, formed glass, 3D 3D glass, wood-glass combination, overhead glass, roof glass, bus stop, bathroom wall, indoor wall, open space office and room Interior partition elements, outdoor walls, stair steps, glass bridges, aquariums, balconies, privacy glass, patterned glass, partition walls, light surfaces, background lighting, signs, traffic protection, as skylights, trunk lids, tail In the board, for brake lights, for flashers, for position lights in such transport units, in billboards, display cabinets, display curtain walls, interactive bus stations, interactive train stations, interactive junctions, Interactive surfaces, motion sensors, light surfaces and background lighting, signage and traffic protection. Alternatively, the film and / or imprinted film may be placed on one or more surfaces.

The invention further relates to the use of the lighting unit of the invention for controlling radiation, especially UV radiation (100-400 nm), visible radiation (400 nm-700 nm) and infrared radiation (700 nm-1 mm), that is, , Near-infrared radiation (700 nm-1400 nm), short-wavelength infrared radiation (1.4 µm to 3 µm), medium-long infrared radiation (3 µm-8 µm), long-wavelength infrared radiation (8 µm-15 µm), and far infrared Radiation (15 µm-1000 µm) for optical control and / or acoustic control.

The invention further relates to the use of the lighting unit of the invention for thermal insulation, ie thermal insulation, cold insulation, sound insulation, shading and / or vision protection. The present invention is preferably applicable when combined with other glass layers into an insulating glass unit (IGU) that can be used in facing walls. The IGU may have double (panel 1 + panel 2), or triple glazing (panel 1 + panel 2 + panel 3) or more panels. The panels may have different thicknesses and sizes. The panel may be tempered glass, tempered safety glass, laminated glass, laminated tempered glass, safety glass. The lighting unit according to the present application may be used in any of panel 1, panel 2, and panel 3. Material can be placed in the space between the panels. By way of example (but not limitation), these materials may be wooden articles, metal articles, expanded metals, columnar articles, shelters, shutters, light guides, light guide films, light guide shields, 3-D light guides Articles, sun screens, removable screens, roller shutters, film shutters, translucent materials, capillary articles, honeycomb articles, micro shields, micro sheets, micro shading, micro mirror insulation, aerogels, integrated Vacuum insulation panels, holographic elements, integrated photovoltaics, or combinations thereof.

The invention further relates to the application of the lighting unit of the invention to heat mirror glass, vacuum glass, multilayer glass and laminated safety glass.

The present invention is selectively applicable when combined with other glass layers into an insulating glass unit (IGU) that can be used for facing walls.

1‧‧‧Floor (A)

2‧‧‧ floor (B)

3‧‧‧ Middle layer (C)

4‧‧‧light source (D)

6‧‧‧ Direction of light emission

7‧‧‧Colorant (C)

8‧‧‧Reflective and / or scattering pigments (C1)

9‧‧‧ Matrix (C2)

In FIGS. 1 to 5, a preferred embodiment of a lighting unit according to the present application is shown.

In FIG. 1, an embodiment of a lighting unit according to the present invention is shown, in which three coloring agents produce different light emitting colors.

1 series layer (A) 2 series layer (B) 3 series intermediate layer (C), which contains three colorants in the form of a colorant grid (5) 4 series light source, preferably LED, excites all three colorants 6 Direction of light emission

In Fig. 2, an example of a toner grid according to the present application is shown. 3-series intermediate layer (C), which contains three colorants in the form of a colorant grid (5)

FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a colorant, which includes one or more reflective and / or scattering pigments and a matrix. 7-series colorant (C) 8-series reflective and / or scattering pigment (C1) 9-series base (C2)

In Fig. 4, a further embodiment of a lighting unit according to the invention is shown, in which one of the three toners causes an emission. By changing the light emitting color of the light source, only one of the three coloring agents in the same lighting unit as in FIG. 1 emits light. Therefore, the color of light emitted by the same lighting unit can be changed by controlling the light source. 1 series layer (A) 2 series layer (B) 3 series intermediate layer (C), which contains three colorants in the form of a colorant grid (5) 4 series light source, preferably LED, excites a colorant 6 series Direction of light emission

Figure 5 shows how to achieve uniform color emission (non-quantitative) according to the present invention.

Generally, the intensity of the light emitted from the light emitting unit is equal to the product of the light intensity in the optically transparent layer and the reflectivity of the toner. 3 series intermediate layer (C), which contains three colorants, in the form of a colorant grid (5). 4 series light sources (D), preferably LEDs, excite all three colorants. A The left side of the chart: optically transparent layer (A ) (Preferred glass) light intensity (three continuous lines for the three spectral colors in the beam) b right side of the graph: the reflectance of the colorant (three dotted lines for the three colorants)

FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show a preferred embodiment of the present application.

Claims (15)

A lighting unit in a laminated form comprising a) layer (A); b) layer (B); wherein at least one of the layers (A) or (B) is optically transparent, and Layer (A) and layer (B) are arranged parallel to each other, c) at least one intermediate layer (C) is provided between the layers (A) and (B) and with the layers (A) and ( B) arranged in parallel; d) at least one light source (D) provided at the edges of the stacks, wherein at least one of the layers (A), (B) or (C) is at least partially covered with A toner grid, wherein the grid contains at least two toners that produce different luminescent colors. The lighting unit of claim 1, wherein the layers (A) and (B) are based on glass or transparent polymer. For example, the lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the functional intermediate layer (C) is based on polyethylene acetal (including sound level poly (ethylene acetal)), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-vinyl alcohol , Ionic polymers (ionic plastics), acid copolymers of α-olefins and α, β-olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acids, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, polyethylene Olefin block elastomers, ethylene acrylate copolymers and poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), polysiloxane elastomers, epoxy resins, and mixtures thereof. The lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the colorant grid contains three coloring agents that produce different luminescent colors. The lighting unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the coloring agents in the coloring agent grid are arranged adjacent to each other. The lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the colorant grid is a dot mesh screen or a line mesh screen. The lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the colorant comprises i) at least one matrix (i), and ii) at least one reflective and / or scattering pigment (ii). If the lighting unit of claim 1 or 2 comprises: a) layer (A); b) layer (B); wherein at least one of the layers (A) or (B) is optically transparent, and The layers (A) and (B) are arranged parallel to each other, c) at least one intermediate layer (C) is provided between the layers (A) and (B) and with the layers (A) and Layers (B) are arranged in parallel; c ') at least one intermediate layer (E), which is arranged between the layers (C) and (B) and is arranged in parallel with the layers (C) and (B), And / or located between the layers (A) and (C) and parallel to the layers (A) and (C); d) at least one light source (D) provided on the stacks Edge, wherein at least one of the layers (A), (B), or (C) is at least partially covered with a colorant grid, wherein the grid contains at least two colorants that produce different luminescent colors. The lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the light source (D) is selected from the group consisting of LED, OLED, laser and gas discharge lamp. The lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the color of the light source is adjustable. The lighting unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the colorants are applied to the layers (A) or (B) or the intermediate layer (C) by printing, coating, embossing or spraying. A method for preparing a lighting unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of i) applying a colorant on layer (A) or layer (B) or intermediate layer (C); ii) applying a layer ( A), the intermediate layer (C) and the layer (B) are laminated, wherein the layers (A), (C), and (B) are arranged parallel to each other, and thus the layer (C) is provided on the layer (A ) And layer (B); iii) At least one light source (D) is mounted on the edge of the stack. The method of claim 12, wherein the colorants are applied to the layer (A) or the layer (B) or the intermediate layer (C) by printing, coating, embossing, or spraying. A method for controlling radiation, for optical control and / or acoustic control, for thermal insulation, sound insulation, shading and / or eye protection, comprising the steps of using a lighting unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2. Furniture, transport units, preferred boats, ships, space ships, aircraft, trains, cars, trucks, cars, sunroofs, glass roofs, stair pedals, glass bridges, canopies, fences, car glass, train glass, used for insulating glass Unit, window, revolving window, flip window, tilt window, top-hung window, swing window, box window, horizontal sliding window, vertical sliding window, side window, shop window, ceiling light, door, facing wall, double layer Horizontal sliding doors in facing walls, closed cavity facing walls, all-glass structures, D3-face walls, facing glass structural elements, interactive facing walls, curved glass, formed glass, 3D 3D glass, wood-glass combinations, Overhead glass, roof glass, bus stop, bathroom wall, interior wall, open space office and indoor partition elements in the room, outdoor walls, stair steps, glass bridge, aquarium, balcony, privacy glass, patterned glass, partition wall, Light surfaces, background lighting, signs, access protection, sunroofs, trunk lids, tailgates, brake lights, flashers, position lights in these transport units, billboards, display cases, displays Walls, interactive bus stops, interactive train stations, interactive junctions, interactive surfaces, motion sensors, light surfaces, background lighting, signage and access protection, heat mirror glass, vacuum glass, and laminated safety glass, their Contains lighting units as claimed in item 1 or 2.