TW201608484A - Method for setting inspection condition for fastener element, and method for inspecting fastener element - Google Patents
Method for setting inspection condition for fastener element, and method for inspecting fastener element Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種用以偵測拉鏈之鏈齒之表面之顏色而評價製品是否為良品的鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法。 The present invention relates to a method for setting inspection conditions for a fastener element for detecting whether a product is a good product, and a method for detecting a fastener element, for detecting the color of the surface of the fastener element of the zipper.
先前,關於拉鏈之鏈齒之顏色之品質管理,由於成為檢查對象之鏈齒相對較小且數量較多,會存在因表面之微妙之凹凸而引起之顏色之微小誤差,故而難以實現自動化,而係藉由人工目視而進行。然而,於目視之檢查中,即便為同一鏈齒材料,因所檢查之人對顏色之捕捉方式不同,會憑感覺進行判斷,故而判別是否為良品之基準並不固定。 In the past, as for the quality management of the color of the fastener element of the zipper, since the element to be inspected is relatively small and the number is large, there is a slight error in the color caused by the subtle unevenness of the surface, so that it is difficult to achieve automation. It is done by manual visual inspection. However, in the visual inspection, even if the same sprocket material is used, the person who inspects has different ways of capturing the color, and the sensation is judged by the sensation. Therefore, the criterion for determining whether it is a good product is not fixed.
另一方面,作為對於金屬製品進行製品表面之測色、使顏色之狀態數值化而定量地進行評價之技術,提出有如專利文獻1所揭示般之檢查方法。專利文獻1所揭示之檢查方法係將鋼材等金屬材料表面之拍攝圖像分割成特定之面積,獲取光之3原色即紅(R)綠(G)藍(B)之各色彩資訊,使所獲取之資訊數值化,將其與預先獲取之資訊比較,而自金屬材料表面擷取非腐蝕面,算出非腐蝕面之混色量比之數值範圍。繼而,擷取經分割之各面之腐蝕部,算出所擷取之腐蝕部相對於所拍攝之金屬表面積之面積比率,基於腐蝕部之面積比率,評價金屬表面之劣化度。擷取非腐蝕面之步驟具備:第1階段,其係藉由將經分割之各面之數值化資料與預先獲取之腐蝕面之數值化資料進行比較,而擷取非腐蝕面;及第2階段,其係對在第1階段擷取之非腐蝕面 之數值化資料進行以瑪哈朗諾比斯距離(mahalanobis)為判定基準之評價,將具有特定之瑪哈朗諾比斯距離之面決定為非腐蝕面。 On the other hand, as a technique for quantitatively evaluating the color of the surface of the product and numerically determining the state of the color of the metal product, an inspection method as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. The inspection method disclosed in Patent Document 1 divides a captured image of a surface of a metal material such as a steel material into a specific area, and acquires color information of red (R) green (G) blue (B) which is the primary color of light. The obtained information is digitized, compared with the pre-acquired information, and the non-corrosive surface is taken from the surface of the metal material to calculate the numerical range of the color ratio of the non-corrosive surface. Then, the corrosion portion of each of the divided surfaces is extracted, and the ratio of the area of the extracted corrosion portion to the surface area of the photographed metal is calculated, and the degree of deterioration of the metal surface is evaluated based on the area ratio of the corrosion portion. The step of extracting the non-corrosive surface is: in the first stage, the non-corrosive surface is obtained by comparing the numerical data of the divided surfaces with the numerical data of the previously obtained corrosion surface; and the second Stage, which is the non-corrosive surface taken in the first stage The numerical data is evaluated based on the Mahalanobis distance (mahalanobis), and the surface having the specific Mahalanobis distance is determined as a non-corrosive surface.
同樣地,於專利文獻2、3中亦提出有如下檢查裝置,即,獲取鋼材等金屬材料表面之光之3原色之資訊,基於該各色成分之值之比,判別良品及不良品。 Similarly, in Patent Documents 2 and 3, there is also proposed an inspection apparatus that acquires information on the three primary colors of light on the surface of a metal material such as a steel material, and determines a good product and a defective product based on the ratio of the values of the respective color components.
此外,於專利文獻4中揭示有如下方法,即,自RGB表色系統轉換成L*a*b*表色系統,擷取特定之值之像素,藉此,指定鐵銹色區域。又,於專利文獻5中揭示有如下表面檢查裝置,即,對檢查對象之表面進行彩色拍攝而獲得RGB信號,藉由信號轉換部將RGB信號轉換成L*a*b*表色系統之均勻色空間信號,針對所獲得之檢查圖像之各像素,藉由缺陷檢測部,檢測是否含有分割均勻色空間之色域(色相或彩度)而成之分割區域之成分,而獲得對應於分割區域之色相或彩度之二值化圖像,基於此而檢測表面之有色缺陷。 Further, Patent Document 4 discloses a method of converting a RGB color system into an L*a*b* color system and extracting pixels of a specific value, thereby specifying a rust color region. Further, Patent Document 5 discloses a surface inspection apparatus that performs color imaging on a surface of an inspection object to obtain an RGB signal, and converts the RGB signal into a uniformity of an L*a*b* color system by the signal conversion unit. The color space signal is used for each pixel of the obtained inspection image, and the defect detecting unit detects whether or not the component of the divided region formed by dividing the color gamut (hue or chroma) of the uniform color space is obtained, thereby obtaining the corresponding segmentation. A binarized image of the hue or chroma of the area, based on which the colored defects of the surface are detected.
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2007-256050號公報 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2007-256050
[專利文獻2]日本專利特開2003-216930號公報 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-216930
[專利文獻3]日本專利特開2012-149944號公報 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2012-149944
[專利文獻4]日本專利特開2005-291984號公報 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-291984
[專利文獻5]日本專利特開2005-233826號公報 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-233826
專利文獻1~5所揭示之表面檢查方法係對利用同種材料一體地形成之鋼材等較大之材料之表面進行拍攝,而對其圖像進行處理者,攝影圖像整體係檢查對象之表面之圖像,且係針對檢查對象,可相對容易地獲得充分之量之圖像資訊者。 The surface inspection method disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5 is to photograph a surface of a large material such as a steel material integrally formed of the same material, and to process the image, the entire photographic image is the surface of the inspection object. The image, and for the inspection object, can obtain a sufficient amount of image information relatively easily.
然而,於如拉鏈之鏈齒般微小之檢查對象安裝於不同種類之材料之情形時,所欲求出之構件之資訊之面積本身較小,若不對拉鏈鏈布等其他構件進行準確之遮蔽處理,則於攝影圖像中會包含鏈齒以外之拉鏈鏈布等其他構件之資訊,而難以進行準確之評價。進而,鏈齒細小且數量較多,亦難以進行準確之遮蔽。 However, when the inspection object such as the fastener element of the zipper is attached to a different type of material, the area of the information of the component to be obtained is small, and if the other components such as the zipper chain cloth are not accurately shielded, In the photographic image, information such as other components such as a fastener chain other than the sprocket is included, and it is difficult to perform accurate evaluation. Further, the chain teeth are small and the number is large, and it is also difficult to perform accurate shielding.
而且,因光源或相機之種類、獲取圖像之範圍之捕捉方式亦會影響判斷,故而難以對鏈齒之表面進行準確且穩定之評價。因此,拉鏈之鏈齒之檢查除了以目視進行外別無他法,期待可定量地測定並且進行評價之系統。 Moreover, since the type of the light source or the camera and the manner in which the image is captured are also affected by the judgment, it is difficult to accurately and stably evaluate the surface of the fastener element. Therefore, the inspection of the fastener elements of the zipper has no other method than visual inspection, and a system which can be quantitatively measured and evaluated is expected.
本發明係鑒於上述背景技術而完成者,其目的在於提供一種可準確且穩定地評價拉鏈之鏈齒之顏色是否為良品的鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described background art, and an object of the invention is to provide a method for setting an inspection condition and a fastener inspection method for accurately and stably evaluating whether or not the color of a fastener element of a slide fastener is good.
本發明係一種鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法,其係基於使用對拉鏈之鏈齒之表面進行拍攝之相機、及對上述鏈齒進行照明之照明裝置而拍攝有上述鏈齒之圖像,判別上述鏈齒之表面之顏色是否為良品者,其具備:攝影步驟,其係選擇影響藉由上述相機所拍攝之圖像之複數個可控因素,針對各可控因素分別設定特定之複數個條件,以上述各可控因素之上述複數個條件,分別同時對上述拉鏈之複數個上述鏈齒進行拍攝;圖像擷取步驟,其係針對藉由上述相機獲得之拍攝有複數個上述鏈齒之複數個彩色圖像,擷取上述各鏈齒之各個單位區域內之彩色圖像資料;亮度值算出步驟,其係求出上述各鏈齒之上述單位區域之上述彩色圖像資料之各像素之光之各3原色的亮度值;誤差分散(error variance)算出步驟,其係基於在上述亮度值算出步驟中所算出之光之各3原色之上述亮度值,計算上述鏈齒之顏色之誤差分散;及可控因素選擇步驟,其係基於所獲得之上述誤差分散,針對上述各可 控因素之每個設定條件算出上述各鏈齒之顏色之SN(Signal Noise,信噪)比及感度,自所算出之上述SN比及上述感度之中,選擇值相對較大之上述可控因素之設定條件。 The present invention relates to a method for setting an inspection condition of a fastener element, which is based on an image obtained by photographing a surface of a fastener element of a fastener and an illumination device for illuminating the fastener element, and capturing an image of the fastener element Whether the color of the surface of the sprocket is a good one, which has a photographing step of selecting a plurality of controllable factors affecting the image taken by the camera, and setting a specific plurality of conditions for each controllable factor, Taking the plurality of the sprocket of the zipper at the same time by the above plurality of conditions of the controllable factors, the image capturing step is performed for the plurality of the sprocket having the camera obtained by the camera a color image for capturing color image data in each unit area of each of the fastener elements; and a luminance value calculation step of determining light of each pixel of the color image data of the unit area of each of the fastener elements a luminance value of each of the three primary colors; an error variance calculation step based on each of the three primary colors of the light calculated in the luminance value calculation step Luminance value, the calculation error of the color dispersion of the above-described fastener; controllable factors and selecting step which is based on a dispersion of the error obtained for each of the above can be The SN (Signal Noise) ratio and the sensitivity of the color of each of the fastener elements are calculated for each of the control factors, and the controllable factor is relatively large among the calculated SN ratio and the sensitivity. The setting conditions.
上述誤差分散算出步驟係針對上述彩色圖像資料之各像素之光之各3原色的各亮度值求出特徵值而算出上述誤差分散,且該特徵值係上述彩色圖像資料之各像素之光之各3原色之各亮度值相對於上述彩色圖像中之複數個上述鏈齒所對應之上述光之各3原色之亮度值之平均值的比。 The error dispersion calculation step calculates the error dispersion by determining a feature value for each luminance value of each of the three primary colors of the light of each pixel of the color image data, and the feature value is light of each pixel of the color image data. The ratio of the luminance values of the three primary colors to the average of the luminance values of the three primary colors of the light corresponding to the plurality of sprocket teeth in the color image.
又,本發明係一種鏈齒檢查方法,其係基於使用對拉鏈之鏈齒之表面進行拍攝之相機、及對上述鏈齒進行照明之照明裝置而拍攝有上述鏈齒之圖像,判別上述鏈齒之表面之顏色是否為良品者,其具備:攝影步驟,其係選擇影響藉由上述相機所拍攝之圖像之複數個可控因素,針對各可控因素分別設定最適於檢查之條件,以上述各可控因素之上述複數個條件,同時對上述拉鏈之複數個上述鏈齒進行拍攝;圖像擷取步驟,其係針對藉由上述相機獲得之拍攝有複數個上述鏈齒之彩色圖像,擷取上述各鏈齒之各個單位區域內之彩色圖像資料;亮度值算出步驟,其係求出上述各鏈齒之上述單位區域之上述彩色圖像資料之各像素之光之各3原色的亮度值;及判別步驟,其係將基於在上述亮度值算出步驟中算出之光之各3原色之上述亮度值而算出的關於上述鏈齒之顏色值與特定之閾值進行比較,而判別上述鏈齒之表面之顏色是否為良品。 Further, the present invention relates to a sprocket inspection method for discriminating an image based on a camera that photographs a surface of a sprocket of a zipper and an illumination device that illuminates the sprocket, and images the sprocket Whether the color of the surface of the tooth is good or not, which has a photographing step of selecting a plurality of controllable factors affecting the image taken by the camera, and setting the conditions most suitable for the inspection for each controllable factor, And the plurality of conditions of the above controllable factors, and simultaneously capturing a plurality of the sprocket of the zipper; and an image capturing step for capturing a color image of the plurality of sprocket teeth obtained by the camera And extracting color image data in each unit area of each of the element teeth; and calculating a brightness value by determining each of the three primary colors of the light of each pixel of the color image data of the unit area of each of the element teeth a brightness value; and a determining step of calculating the color of the element based on the brightness value of each of the three primary colors of the light calculated in the brightness value calculating step With a particular value of the threshold value, and determines whether the color of the surface fastener of the above-described non-defective.
進而,判別步驟係基於在上述亮度值算出步驟中算出之光之各3原色之上述亮度值,算出上述鏈齒之顏色之誤差分散,且基於所獲得之上述誤差分散,判別上述鏈齒之表面之顏色是否為良品。上述攝影步驟中之上述各可控因素之最佳條件係藉由利用上述鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法的上述可控因素選擇步驟而選擇、設定者。 Further, the determining step is based on the luminance value of each of the three primary colors of the light calculated in the luminance value calculating step, the error dispersion of the color of the element is calculated, and the surface of the element is determined based on the obtained error dispersion. Whether the color is good. The optimum conditions of the above-mentioned controllable factors in the above-described photographing step are selected and set by the above-described controllable factor selection step using the above-described element inspection method.
根據本發明之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法,可自動地迅速且準確地判定拉鏈之鏈齒之顏色是否為良品,從而可穩定地進行良好之品質管理。 According to the method for setting the inspection condition of the fastener element of the present invention and the method of detecting the element, it is possible to automatically and quickly and accurately determine whether or not the color of the fastener element of the fastener is good, so that good quality management can be stably performed.
10‧‧‧檢查裝置 10‧‧‧Inspection device
12‧‧‧相機 12‧‧‧ camera
14‧‧‧照明裝置 14‧‧‧Lighting device
16‧‧‧平台 16‧‧‧ platform
18‧‧‧夾具 18‧‧‧Clamp
19‧‧‧保持部 19‧‧‧ Keeping Department
20‧‧‧拉鏈 20‧‧‧ zipper
22‧‧‧拉鏈鏈布 22‧‧‧Zipper chain cloth
24‧‧‧鏈齒 24‧‧‧ sprocket
30‧‧‧檢查裝置 30‧‧‧Inspection device
32‧‧‧照明裝置 32‧‧‧Lighting device
A1‧‧‧水準 A1‧‧‧ level
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N1‧‧‧條件 N1‧‧‧ conditions
N2‧‧‧條件 N2‧‧ conditions
圖1係本發明之一實施形態之檢查裝置之概略圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖2係本發明之一實施形態之使用其他照明裝置之檢查裝置之概略圖。 Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an inspection apparatus using another illumination device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖3係表示藉由本實施形態之檢查裝置所拍攝之拉鏈之鏈齒的模式圖。 Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a fastener element of a slide fastener photographed by the inspection apparatus of the embodiment.
圖4係藉由本發明之檢查條件設定方法求出SN比之曲線圖。 Fig. 4 is a graph showing the SN ratio by the inspection condition setting method of the present invention.
圖5係藉由本發明之檢查條件設定方法求出感度之曲線圖。 Fig. 5 is a graph showing the sensitivity by the inspection condition setting method of the present invention.
圖6係藉由本發明之檢查方法以最佳條件求出誤差分散之確認實驗之曲線圖。 Fig. 6 is a graph showing a confirmation experiment of error dispersion by optimal conditions by the inspection method of the present invention.
圖7係藉由本發明之檢查方法以最差條件求出誤差分散之確認實驗之曲線圖。 Fig. 7 is a graph showing a confirmation experiment of error dispersion by worst-case conditions by the inspection method of the present invention.
以下,基於圖式,對本發明之一實施形態進行說明。如圖1所示,本實施形態之拉鏈之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法所使用之檢查裝置10包含:相機12,其具備CCD(Charge Coupled Device,電荷耦合器件)或C-MOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,互補金屬氧化物半導體)等拍攝元件,可獲取光之3原色即紅色(R)、綠色(G)、藍色(B)之各圖像資料;及照明裝置14,其藉由利用使用白色光之LED(Light Emitting Diode,發光二極體)燈等之圓頂型照明之間接光,向對象物進行照明。於隔著照明裝置14與相機12為相反側,在配置於平台16上之夾具18保持有拉鏈20。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. As shown in Fig. 1, the inspection device 10 for detecting the condition of the fastener element of the zipper of the present embodiment and the inspection device 10 used in the fastener inspection method include a camera 12 including a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or C- An imaging element such as MOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) can acquire image data of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), which are primary colors of light; and illumination device 14, The object is illuminated by light-collecting between dome-type illuminations such as LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) lamps using white light. The zipper 20 is held by the jig 18 disposed on the stage 16 on the opposite side of the illuminating device 14 from the camera 12.
夾具18具備夾持拉鏈20之兩側之拉鏈鏈布22的一對保持部19,拉鏈20之鏈齒24位於保持部19之間。此處,所檢查之拉鏈20係被切斷成單個之拉鏈20之前段之、形成為拉鏈鏈條之長條之繩狀的構件,且間歇地被輸送至夾具18上,藉由下述攝影方法對鏈齒24進行拍攝。 The jig 18 is provided with a pair of holding portions 19 that sandwich the zipper chain 22 on both sides of the zipper 20, and the sprocket 24 of the zipper 20 is located between the holding portions 19. Here, the zipper 20 to be inspected is cut into a string-like member formed as a long strip of the zipper chain in the preceding stage of the single zipper 20, and intermittently conveyed to the jig 18 by the following photographic method The sprocket 24 is photographed.
又,為了設定鏈齒之檢查條件,作為影響檢查對象之測定之可控因素的照明裝置之其他構成,亦準備圖2所示之具備環型照明之照明裝置32之檢查裝置30。照明裝置32之發光面與相機12之光軸正交,照明裝置32之環之中心與相機12之光軸位於同心上。 Further, in order to set the inspection condition of the fastener element, the inspection device 30 of the illumination device 32 having the ring illumination shown in Fig. 2 is prepared as another configuration of the illumination device that affects the control factor of the measurement of the inspection object. The illumination surface of illumination device 32 is orthogonal to the optical axis of camera 12, and the center of the ring of illumination device 32 is concentric with the optical axis of camera 12.
藉由檢查裝置10、30,以如下方式進行攝影,即,以各種條件所拍攝之圖像均如圖3所示般,使複數個拉鏈20之鏈齒24位於中央部,且包含該圖像中之例如6個鏈齒24。藉由下述方法,對所拍攝之圖像資料進行處理,評價鏈齒24之表面之顏色或狀態,而判別是否為良品。 By means of the inspection devices 10, 30, the images are taken in such a manner that, as shown in FIG. 3, the images of the plurality of zippers 20 are located at the center and include the image. For example, 6 chain teeth 24 are used. The photographed image data is processed by the following method, and the color or state of the surface of the fastener element 24 is evaluated to determine whether it is a good product.
繼而,以下將敍述用以決定本實施形態之鏈齒檢查方法的檢查條件設定方法。首先,選擇影響藉由相機12所拍攝之圖像之複數個可控因素,針對各可控因素分別設定特定之複數個條件,以各可控因素之複數個條件,分別於包含拉鏈20之複數個鏈齒24之範圍內進行拍攝。 Next, a method of setting the inspection condition for determining the fastener element inspection method of the present embodiment will be described below. First, selecting a plurality of controllable factors affecting the image captured by the camera 12, respectively, setting a specific plurality of conditions for each controllable factor, respectively, in a plurality of conditions of the controllable factors, respectively, in the plural of the zipper 20 Shooting is performed within the range of the sprocket 24 .
此處,將作為檢查條件之可控因素示於表1。可控因素例如為8種,針對各可控因素,分別設定作為複數個條件之水準,該複數個條件之水準係2或3種參數。如表1所示,作為8種可控因素,係作為拍攝之基本要素之相機種類(F)、照明種類(C)、快門速度(A)、照明強度(D)、及相機之角度(G)等。進而,為了觀察假定範圍內之測定對象鏈齒數之增減所引起的穩定性之變化,而增加測定鏈齒數(B),為了觀察作為誤差因素之背景色之影響,而附加大於、等於、小於鏈齒24之3種測定區域尺寸(E),為了確認因LED之發熱引起之影響,而附加 LED空載時間(H)。 Here, the controllable factors as the inspection conditions are shown in Table 1. For example, there are 8 controllable factors, which are set as the level of a plurality of conditions for each controllable factor, and the level of the plurality of conditions is 2 or 3 parameters. As shown in Table 1, as the eight controllable factors, the camera type (F), illumination type (C), shutter speed (A), illumination intensity (D), and camera angle (G) are the basic elements of shooting. )Wait. Further, in order to observe the change in the stability caused by the increase or decrease in the number of teeth of the measurement target within the assumed range, the number of measured element teeth (B) is increased, and in order to observe the influence of the background color as an error factor, the addition is greater than, equal to, and less than The three measurement area sizes (E) of the sprocket 24 are added to confirm the influence of the heat generated by the LED. LED dead time (H).
進而,如表2所示,選定有無環境光及背景色之顏色來作為影響測定結果之誤差因素。將條件N1設為有環境光且背景色為J1,將條件N2設為無環境光且背景色為J2,而設為容易發生誤差之條件。 Further, as shown in Table 2, the presence or absence of the ambient light and the background color was selected as an error factor affecting the measurement result. The condition N1 is set to ambient light and the background color is J1, the condition N2 is set to be no ambient light, and the background color is J2, and the condition is likely to cause an error.
以該等可控因素下之各水準及誤差因素之條件進行拍攝,獲取所需數量之攝影資料。此處,所獲取之攝影資料並非必須針對各鏈齒24以表1、表2之所有條件進行拍攝而獲得之各個攝影資料。只要例如於品質工程中之L18正交表所需之範圍內獲取攝影資料即可,只要有選定鏈齒24之評價所需之檢查條件所需的數量之攝影資料即可。 Photographing the conditions of each level and error factors under these controllable factors to obtain the required amount of photographic data. Here, the acquired photographic data does not necessarily have to be photographic data obtained by photographing each of the fastener elements 24 under all the conditions of Tables 1 and 2. For example, it is sufficient to obtain photographic data within the range required for the L18 orthogonal table in the quality engineering, as long as the photographic data required for the inspection conditions required for the evaluation of the sprocket 24 is selected.
接著,針對藉由相機12獲得之拍攝有複數個鏈齒24之各彩色圖像,擷取各鏈齒24之各個單位區域內之彩色圖像資料。此處,單位區域係指根據上述可控因素之測定區域尺寸之設定,選自大於、等於、小於鏈齒24之3種區域中的尺寸之範圍。 Next, for each color image of the plurality of sprocket 24 captured by the camera 12, the color image data in each unit area of each of the sprocket teeth 24 is extracted. Here, the unit area refers to a range of sizes selected from three regions larger than, equal to, and smaller than the chain teeth 24 according to the setting of the measurement region size of the above controllable factors.
其後,求出各鏈齒24之單位區域之彩色圖像資料之各像素之光 之各3原色的亮度值。進而,針對藉由相機12所拍攝之圖像之各個鏈齒24之單位區域之每一像素之圖像資料,求出針對各RGB根據各像素之亮度值求出之特徵值ykn(k為樣品No.,n為樣品之特徵值No.)。然後,基於該特徵值,藉由以下式(1)~(7),計算各樣品之誤差分散。誤差分散可針對每1條拉鏈20而求出,亦可針對拉鏈鏈布22之每一固定長度而求出。 Thereafter, the luminance values of the three primary colors of the light of each pixel of the color image data of the unit area of each element 24 are obtained. Further, for the image data of each pixel of the unit area of each element 24 of the image captured by the camera 12, the characteristic value y kn (k is obtained for each RGB based on the luminance value of each pixel is obtained. Sample No., n is the characteristic value No. of the sample). Then, based on the characteristic values, the error dispersion of each sample is calculated by the following formulas (1) to (7). The error dispersion can be obtained for each zipper 20, or can be obtained for each fixed length of the zipper chain 22.
Rij係輸出紅色之圖像資料之像素,像素之位置表示i,j之亮度之值(ij為任意之自然數)。Gij、Bij亦相同。、、係檢查對象之鏈齒整體之針對各RGB之亮度之平均值。 R ij is a pixel that outputs red image data, and the position of the pixel represents the value of the brightness of i, j (ij is an arbitrary natural number). G ij and B ij are also the same. , , It is an average value of the brightness of each RGB of the sprocket of the object to be inspected.
[數3]變動:ST(k)ST(k)=yk1'2+yk2'2+…ykn'2 (3) [Number 3] Change: S T (k)S T (k)=y k1 ' 2 +y k2 ' 2 +...y kn ' 2 (3)
[數4]偏差之大小:Sm(k)Sm(k)=(yk1'+yk2'+…ykn')2/n (4) [Number 4] The magnitude of the deviation: S m (k)S m (k)=(y k1 '+y k2 '+...y kn ') 2 /n (4)
[數5]分散:Ve Ve=(ST(k)-Sm(k))/(n-1) (5) [Number 5] Dispersion: V e V e = (S T (k) - S m (k)) / (n-1) (5)
[數6]良品整體之分散:V0 V0=(ST(1~10)-Sm(1~10))/(10‧(n-1)) (6) [Number 6] Dispersion of good products as a whole: V 0 V 0 = (S T (1~10)-S m (1~10)) / (10‧(n-1)) (6)
[數7]誤差分散:D(k)D(k)={(Sm(k)+Ve(k))/V0}1/2 (7) [Number 7] Error dispersion: D(k)D(k)={(S m (k)+V e (k))/V 0 } 1/2 (7)
如上所述,基於式(7),針對各樣品,求出拉鏈鏈齒24之亮度值之誤差分散之值。此處,將所求出之誤差分散設為D(1)~D(k),針對測定環境之誤差因素N1、N2,設定各樣品之拉鏈20之鏈齒24之變色處理量X1~Xk,針對各拉鏈20求出誤差分散。變色處理量係指為了設定鏈齒24之檢查條件而預先使鏈齒24之表面階段性地變色之各值,且係根據特定之熱處理時間之不同而使變色之程度有差異者。該樣品係用以獲得用於在實際檢查之前進行之檢查條件設定的資料,且將其用於下述驗證用實驗中者。表3係表示以此方式求出之各變色處理量與誤差分散之對應者。 As described above, based on the formula (7), the value of the error dispersion of the luminance values of the fastener elements 24 is obtained for each sample. Here, the obtained error dispersion is D(1) to D(k), and the discoloration processing amount X 1 to X of the fastener element 24 of the zipper 20 of each sample is set for the error factors N1 and N2 of the measurement environment. k , the error dispersion is obtained for each zipper 20. The amount of discoloration treatment refers to a value in which the surface of the fastener element 24 is previously discolored in order to set the inspection condition of the fastener element 24, and the degree of discoloration differs depending on the specific heat treatment time. This sample was used to obtain data for setting of inspection conditions performed before actual inspection, and was used in the following verification experiment. Table 3 shows the correspondence between the amount of color change processing and the error dispersion obtained in this way.
其後,進而,為了選定最佳條件之可控因素,藉由以下之式求出SN比及感度。 Thereafter, in order to select a controllable factor of the optimum condition, the SN ratio and the sensitivity are obtained by the following equation.
[數9]有效除數:r1 r1=r2=X1 2+X2 2+…+Xk 2 (9) [Number 9] Effective divisor: r 1 r 1 = r 2 = X 1 2 + X 2 2 + ... + X k 2 (9)
[數10]線性公式:L1、L2 L1=X1×D(1)+X2×D(2)+…+Xk×D(k) L2=X1×D(1)'+X2×D(2)'+…+Xk×D(k)' (10) [Number 10] Linear formula: L 1 , L 2 L 1 = X 1 × D(1) + X 2 × D(2) + ... + X k × D(k) L 2 = X 1 × D(1) '+X 2 ×D(2)'+...+X k ×D(k)' (10)
[數11]比例項之變動:Sβ Sβ=(L1+L2)2/(r1+r2) (11) [Number 11] Variation of the proportional term: S β S β = (L 1 + L 2 ) 2 / (r 1 + r 2 ) (11)
[數12]比例項之差之變動:SN×β SN×β=(L1 2/r1)‧(L2 2/r2) (12) [Number 12] Variation of the difference between the proportional terms: S N × β S N × β = (L 1 2 / r 1 ) ‧ (L 2 2 / r 2 ) (12)
[數13]誤差變動:Se Se=ST-Sβ-SN×β (f=k+k'-2) (13) [Number 13] Error variation: S e S e =S T -S β -S N×β (f=k+k'-2) (13)
[數14]變動:SN SN=SN×β+Se (f=k+k'-2) (14) [Number 14] Change: S N S N =S N×β +S e (f=k+k'-2) (14)
[數15]偏差分散:Ve' Ve'=Se/f (15) [Number 15] Deviation dispersion: V e ' V e '=S e /f (15)
[數16]綜合偏差分散:VN VN=SN/f (16) [Number 16] Comprehensive deviation dispersion: V N V N =S N /f (16)
[數17]SN比:η η=10‧log[{1/(r1+r2)}×{(Sβ-Ve')/VN}] (17) [Number 17] SN ratio: η η = 10‧log[{1/(r 1 +r 2 )}×{(S β -V e ')/V N }] (17)
[數18] 感度:S S=10‧log[{1/(r1+r2)}×(Sβ-Ve')] (18) [Number 18] Sensitivity: SS=10‧log[{1/(r 1 +r 2 )}×(S β -V e ')] (18)
基於以上之式,針對上述8種可控因素,根據自攝影圖像獲得之針對各RGB之亮度值,以如上方式計算誤差分散,進而,基於式(17)、(18)算出SN比及感度,根據該值選定可控因素之最佳條件。如下述圖4、圖5所示之實驗結果般,根據SN比及感度選擇之各可控因素之最佳條件係根據SN比及感度之值而選擇者,且係基於圖4、圖5所示之要因效果圖而選定。 Based on the above formula, for the above eight controllable factors, the error dispersion is calculated in the above manner based on the luminance values obtained for each RGB from the photographic image, and further, the SN ratio and the sensitivity are calculated based on the equations (17) and (18). According to this value, the optimal condition of the controllable factor is selected. As shown in the experimental results shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 below, the optimal conditions for each controllable factor selected according to the SN ratio and the sensitivity are selected based on the values of the SN ratio and the sensitivity, and are based on FIG. 4 and FIG. The indication is selected for the rendering.
關於圖4、圖5之要因效果圖所示之○及◇係以(○)表示SN比及感度變高之最佳條件之組合,且係以(◇)表示SN比及感度相對變低之最差條件之組合。藉此,針對各可控因素,將圖示之○標記之設定條件設定為製品檢查之最佳條件。例如,於本實施形態中,關於照明之種類,於感度方面,圖1所示之圓頂型照明優於圖2所示之環型照明裝置,關於測定區域尺寸,於與鏈齒24相等之情形時,SN比可獲得較佳之結果。同樣地,針對其他可控因素,亦根據SN比及感度求出可獲得良好之結果之條件,而進行檢查。 The combination of ○ and ◇ shown in the effect diagrams of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 indicates that SN ratio and sensitivity are higher in combination with (○), and (SN) indicates that the SN ratio and sensitivity are relatively low. The combination of the worst conditions. Thereby, the setting conditions of the ○ mark shown in the figure are set as the optimum conditions for the product inspection for each controllable factor. For example, in the present embodiment, regarding the type of illumination, the dome type illumination shown in FIG. 1 is superior to the ring type illumination device shown in FIG. 2 in terms of sensitivity, and the measurement area size is equal to that of the element teeth 24. In the case, the SN ratio gives better results. Similarly, for other controllable factors, the conditions for obtaining good results are also determined based on the SN ratio and sensitivity, and the inspection is performed.
若藉由以上之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法,選定用於檢查之最佳條件之可控因素,則於以後之檢查中,將各可控因素之水準設定為所選定之最佳條件,於該條件下,進行鏈齒24之拍攝。 If the controllable factors for the optimal conditions for inspection are selected by the above-mentioned inspection method for the condition of the fastener elements, the level of each controllable factor is set to the selected optimum condition in the subsequent inspection. Under this condition, the sprocket 24 is photographed.
接著,針對所獲得之拍攝有複數個鏈齒24之彩色圖像,擷取各鏈齒24之各個單位區域內之彩色圖像資料,求出各鏈齒24之單位區域之彩色圖像資料之各像素之光之各3原色的亮度值,基於所算出之光之各3原色之亮度值,藉由與上述相同之計算處理,計算鏈齒24之顏色之誤差分散。然後,基於所獲得之誤差分散,根據誤差分散是否為固定值以下,判別鏈齒24之表面之顏色是否為良品。 Next, for the obtained color image of the plurality of sprocket 24 images, the color image data in each unit area of each sprocket 24 is extracted, and the color image data of the unit area of each sprocket 24 is obtained. The luminance values of the three primary colors of the light of each pixel are calculated based on the luminance values of the three primary colors of the calculated light, and the error dispersion of the color of the fastener elements 24 is calculated by the same calculation process as described above. Then, based on the obtained error dispersion, it is determined whether or not the color of the surface of the element 24 is good based on whether or not the error dispersion is equal to or less than a fixed value.
又,判定亦可不計算誤差分散,而於利用最佳可控因素之測定 條件下,進行其他顏色評價,例如根據L*a*b*表色系統之值進行顏色評價。 Moreover, the determination may not calculate the error dispersion, but the determination of the optimal controllable factor Under the conditions, other color evaluations are performed, for example, color evaluation is performed based on the value of the L*a*b* color system.
根據本實施形態之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法,能夠客觀且定量地判斷拉鏈20之鏈齒24之顏色是否為良品,能夠自動地迅速且準確地判定表面顏色是否為良品,從而可穩定地進行良好之品質管理。 According to the sprocket inspection condition setting method and the sprocket inspection method of the present embodiment, it is possible to objectively and quantitatively determine whether or not the color of the sprocket 24 of the zipper 20 is good, and it is possible to automatically and quickly determine whether the surface color is good or not. Thereby, good quality management can be performed stably.
再者,本發明之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法並不限定於上述實施形態,可適當進行可控因素或誤差因素之設定,亦可適當選擇因素之數量。 Further, the method for setting the inspection conditions of the fastener elements of the present invention and the method for detecting the fastener elements are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the controllable factors or the error factors can be appropriately set, and the number of factors can be appropriately selected.
實施例 Example
繼而,以下,對本發明之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法之實施例進行說明。此處,係表示對本發明之鏈齒之檢查條件設定方法及鏈齒檢查方法進行驗證後所得之實驗結果。首先,測定對象假定為顏色不同之不良品,準備經實施階段性變色處理X1~Xk之製品、及未經處理之製品(良品)。相機12之輸出值、或對來自相機12之輸出進行處理後所得之來自未圖示之電腦的輸出值係針對自相機12之拍攝元件之各個像素獲得之亮度值,以256色調使用各顏色R、G、B之值。 Next, an embodiment of the method for setting the inspection conditions of the fastener element of the present invention and the method of detecting the fastener element will be described below. Here, the experimental results obtained by verifying the test condition setting method and the fastener element inspection method of the fastener element of the present invention are shown. First, the measurement target is assumed to be a defective product having a different color, and a product subjected to the staged color change treatment X 1 to X k and an unprocessed product (good product) are prepared. The output value of the camera 12 or the output value from a computer (not shown) obtained by processing the output from the camera 12 is a luminance value obtained for each pixel of the imaging element of the camera 12, and each color R is used in 256 tones. , G, B value.
將該實驗結果示於圖4、圖5之要因效果圖。關於○及◇,基於要因效果圖,係以(○)表示SN比及感度變高之最佳條件之組合,以(◇)表示SN比及感度相對變低之最差條件之組合。藉此,針對各可控因素,將圖示之○標記之設定條件設定為製品檢查之最佳條件。最佳條件之水準及最差條件之水準之篩選如表4所示。 The experimental results are shown in the effect diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5. Regarding ○ and ◇, based on the effect map, (○) indicates a combination of the optimum conditions of the SN ratio and the sensitivity, and (◇) indicates a combination of the worst conditions in which the SN ratio and the sensitivity are relatively low. Thereby, the setting conditions of the ○ mark shown in the figure are set as the optimum conditions for the product inspection for each controllable factor. The screening of the best conditions and the worst conditions is shown in Table 4.
將以最佳條件、最差條件該等2個條件進行測定所得之結果示於圖6、圖7。於圖6所示之最佳條件下,於上述N1、N2之兩個條件下,均是隨著處理量增加,誤差分散以相同傾向變大,可知能夠不受因誤差因素而引起之影響地測定顏色之變化。又,於圖7所示之最差條件下,於N1、N2之條件下表現出完全不同之傾向,可確認較大地受到誤差因素之影響,無法進行穩定之測定。 The results obtained by measuring under the best conditions and the worst conditions are shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. Under the optimal conditions shown in Fig. 6, under the above two conditions of N1 and N2, as the amount of processing increases, the error dispersion becomes larger with the same tendency, and it can be known that it is not affected by the error factor. Determine the change in color. Further, under the worst conditions shown in Fig. 7, the tendency to be completely different under the conditions of N1 and N2 was confirmed, and it was confirmed that the measurement was largely affected by the error factor, and stable measurement could not be performed.
表5係表示基於藉由本發明所使用之L18正交表之實驗而獲得之SN比及感度計算所得的最佳條件、最差條件之SN比及感度的推斷值及增益、以及藉由確認實驗而獲得之SN比及感度的結果及增益。關於利用確認實驗而獲得之增益,與推斷值相比SN比低約3[db],感度呈較推斷值高約40之值,呈相同之傾向,可確認要因圖之妥當性及再現性。 Table 5 shows the optimum conditions of the SN ratio and sensitivity calculated based on the experiment of the L18 orthogonal table used in the present invention, the SN ratio of the worst condition, the estimated value and the gain of the sensitivity, and the confirmation experiment. The result and gain of the SN ratio and sensitivity obtained. The gain obtained by the confirmation experiment is about 3 [db] lower than the estimated value, and the sensitivity is about 40 higher than the estimated value, which is the same tendency, and the validity and reproducibility of the factor can be confirmed.
根據以上結果可確認:於拉鏈之鏈齒之測色中,能夠選擇可穩定地進行顏色不同之製品之識別的條件,從而能夠高品質地進行拉鏈之鏈齒之顏色之檢查。 According to the above results, it has been confirmed that in the color measurement of the fastener elements of the slide fastener, the conditions for stably identifying the products having different colors can be selected, and the color of the fastener elements of the slide fastener can be examined with high quality.
10‧‧‧檢查裝置 10‧‧‧Inspection device
12‧‧‧相機 12‧‧‧ camera
14‧‧‧照明裝置 14‧‧‧Lighting device
16‧‧‧平台 16‧‧‧ platform
18‧‧‧夾具 18‧‧‧Clamp
19‧‧‧保持部 19‧‧‧ Keeping Department
20‧‧‧拉鏈 20‧‧‧ zipper
22‧‧‧拉鏈鏈布 22‧‧‧Zipper chain cloth
24‧‧‧鏈齒 24‧‧‧ sprocket
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PCT/JP2014/066732 WO2015198401A1 (en) | 2014-06-24 | 2014-06-24 | Method for setting inspection condition for fastener element, and method for inspecting fastener element |
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TWI550526B TWI550526B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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CN109712114A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-05-03 | 无锡维胜威信息科技有限公司 | A kind of system and its detection method applied to zipper defects detection |
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