TW201538729A - 與口腔治療有關之組合物及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明係關於用於牙科相關病況之治療(包括牙齦炎之治療)中之利用毛囊源性非球根真皮鞘細胞之組合物及方法。
Description
本發明係關於用於治療口腔之組合物及方法,且更具體而言,係關於用於多種口腔治療(包括例如牙齦之治療及修復)中之包含自體或同種異體非球根真皮鞘(NDBS)細胞之組合物。
與口腔(即,口部及相關聯結構)相關聯之疾病、損傷及創傷係全球最為流行之慢性疾病中之一者,且給醫療保健帶來昂貴負擔。在工業化國家中,與口腔相關聯之疾病之治療佔總醫療保健費用之5%與10%之間。在大多數低收入之發展中國家,僅齲齒之患病率就超過90%。
最常見牙科疾病中之一者係牙齦退縮(齒齦縮減),其特徵在於齒齦組織損失及/或牙齦之邊緣自齒冠回縮。齒齦縮減係40歲以上成年人之常見問題,但其甚至在青少年中亦開始出現。其存在可伴隨或不伴隨由於牙槽骨退縮引起之冠根比減小。
如在圖1中顯示,圖1A圖解說明正常牙齒,且圖1B係其中牙齦收縮、牙齒腐爛及齦袋形成之牙齒。此等齦袋則係細菌生長之理想場所,此繼而導致牙齦發炎及牙槽骨破壞以及最終牙齒脫落。
齒齦縮減並非急性病況。在大多數情形中,其係在多年中逐漸出現之漸進式病況。因而,其在40歲以上之人群中常見。齒齦體積不
會一天即顯著變化,因而進展極小,且患者習慣於齒齦外觀,往往肉眼注意不到該退縮。事實上,直至該病況開始引起症狀之前,仍很少有人注意到齒齦縮減。
因而,在此項技術中需要在症狀開始之前之預防或早期治療。儘管有多種外科及非外科方法可用於治療牙齦,但此等技術皆無法解決老化的受損傷牙齦中之功能性纖維母細胞之細胞不足問題。
本發明揭示用於口腔治療(例如彼等涉及牙齦及口腔黏膜者)之新穎組合物及方法,且進一步提供其他相關優點。
簡而言之,本發明提供用於利用毛囊源性非球根真皮鞘(「NDBS」)細胞治療或預防眾多種與口腔相關聯之病況(包括例如牙周病及多種與牙齦相關聯之疾病或損傷)之組合物及方法。在本發明之一個態樣內,提供用於分離NBDS細胞之方法,其包含以下步驟:(a)準備活力毛髮;(b)割開在步驟(a)中準備之該毛髮以去除毛囊球(其含有真皮鞘杯及真皮乳頭);(c)分離非球根真皮鞘組織;及(d)培養該經分離非球根真皮鞘組織以產生NBDS細胞。NBDS細胞可以自體或同種異體方式使用。在本發明之一個實施例內,藉由全層皮膚生檢自個體之枕部頭皮獲得該活力毛髮。在另一實施例內,利用諸如針之顯微操縱器以及解剖刀或剪刀割開該毛髮。在其他實施例內,本文中提供之該等方法進一步包含以下步驟:視情況用例如膠原蛋白消化酶(諸如,膠原蛋白酶、透明質酸酶、DNAse、彈性蛋白酶、木瓜酶、XIV型蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及亮抑肽酶)實施對該經分離非球根真皮鞘組織之酶消化。在其他實施例內,該等細胞經多次繼代。
在本發明之其他態樣內,提供視情況根據如上文所述之方法製備之經分離NBDS細胞。此等NBDS細胞可包含於具有諸如以下之其他成分之組合物內:例如血漿、血清、富血小板血漿(PRP)、纖維蛋
白及/或透明質酸。在此等組合物內亦可包括其他成分,包括例如細胞外基質之組分(例如,葡萄糖胺聚糖(GAG)、硫酸肝素、硫酸軟骨素、硫酸角蛋白、透明質酸、彈性蛋白、纖連蛋白、纖維蛋白、複合支架、膠原蛋白及層黏蛋白,或任何其他可溶解或不可溶解細胞外基質);細胞介素及趨化介素(例如,轉化生長因子β(TGF-β)及其同功型、胰島素樣生長因子(IGF)及其同功型、顆粒球-巨噬細胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、副甲狀腺激素相關蛋白、肝細胞生長因子/分散因子(HGF/SF)、巨噬細胞刺激蛋白(MSP)、表皮生長因子(EGF)、介白素6(IL-6)、基質細胞源性因子1(SDF-1)、血小板源性生長因子(PDGF)及纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF));及/或各種治療劑(例如,止痛劑、消炎劑、抗生素、抗黴菌劑及免疫調節劑)。
在本發明之其他態樣內,提供用於治療個體之牙齦之方法,其包含向個體之牙齦投與如本文所述之包含NBDS細胞之組合物之步驟。在一個實施例內,該個體係選自由以下組成之群組之哺乳動物:人類、馬、狗及貓。在各個實施例內,該治療起因於牙齦損傷。在某些實施例內,該牙齦損傷可起因於外部創傷(例如,外科手術或傷口、穿孔、灼傷、輻射或意外)或急性或慢性傷口或瘢痕。在其他實施例內,該牙齦損傷係由於自發性或誘發性脆弱黏膜之素因所致,例如後天性水皰性表皮鬆解症、由於(例如)天皰瘡等引起之具有水皰、傷口或萎縮症之自體免疫疾病。在其他實施例內,牙齦可老化或受損傷,伴隨流血至齒齦縮減及可能由於畸形牙齒位置(例如牙列擁擠,其導致頜骨對一或多個牙齒之覆蓋不足)引起之牙槽骨破壞;遺傳性牙齦組織不足;具有脆弱、發皰、癒合不全、慢性傷害之後天性疾病,例如後天性水皰性表皮鬆解症;由於(例如)天皰瘡等引起之具有發皰、傷害或萎縮症之自體免疫疾病等;過度刷牙(overaggressive brushing);牙周病;牙線使用或刷牙不當,其使得細菌可在牙齒之間
及在牙菌斑處積聚;自誘發嘔吐或其他飲食失調;由於老化或使用口嚼煙草或吸煙之副作用引起之牙齦組織收縮;磨牙;壞血症以及其他影響齒齦適當生長之營養不良;或對清潔劑之敏感性。在其他實施例中,牙齦退縮亦可起因於牙齦炎,其然後與紅腫、齒齦腫脹、流血及口臭相關聯。
在其他實施例內,牙齦損傷可由以下引起:急性或慢性病毒、黴菌或細菌感染、諸如硬皮病及變異體之慢性自體免疫發炎性疾病、回歸熱(Borelliosis)感染、紅斑狼瘡及變異體、扁平紅苔癬及一般性老化(內在老化)。在又一實施例內,牙齦在整個口腔黏膜(包括軟齶及硬齶)或頜骨之選定部分(例如個別感染之牙齒)上。在另一實施例內,該治療意欲係預防性的,以便避免不可逆轉的牙齦收縮。
一或多個實施例之詳細內容陳述於下文說明中。其他特徵、目標及優點將自說明書、圖式及申請專利範圍變得顯而易見。另外,本文中所提及之所有專利及專利申請案之揭示內容皆以全文引用方式併入。
圖1A及圖1B圖解說明正常牙齒(圖1A),以及具有牙齦收縮、牙齒腐爛及齦袋形成之牙齒(圖1B)。
圖2圖解說明人類毛囊之解剖。圖2A顯示經分離人類毛囊,其可在毛根之球根部分上方(即,在真皮乳頭及真皮鞘杯細胞上方,即,在終球上方),但在皮脂腺管之基部下方割開,以便獲得經分離真皮鞘(參見圖2B)。圖2B中繪示之結構可分離成至少二個單獨組分,如在圖2C及圖2D中顯示。圖2C繪示毛髮纖維及相關聯內根鞘,以及主要含有角質細胞之外根鞘,且圖2D係含有NBDS細胞之真皮鞘(有時亦被稱為結締組織鞘、上真皮鞘或較不準確地僅稱為真皮鞘)。與諸多其他類型之細胞相比,NBDS細胞對膠原蛋白1標記係高陽性且對鹼性
磷酸酯酶及類固醇硫酸酯酶僅係弱陽性。另外,此等細胞表現諸如CD90之標記及其他幹細胞標記。
圖3係培養物中之NBDS細胞之顯微照片。
如上所述,本發明提供毛囊源性非球根真皮鞘(NDBS)細胞,其用於治療或預防多種牙科病況、疾病及/或創傷(例如,外科傷口),包括例如治療牙齦。然而,在闡明本發明之前,首先闡明下文使用之某些術語之定義可有助於理解本發明。
非球根真皮鞘細胞或「NBDS」細胞係指真皮源性細胞(或更具體而言,源於毛囊)。在較佳實施例內,在毛根之球根部分上方(即,在真皮乳頭及真皮鞘杯細胞上方),但在皮脂腺管之基部下方,自毛囊之外真皮鞘獲得鞘細胞。NBDS細胞可藉由若干方法容易地識別,包括例如製備及培養方法(如下所述);形態學(例如,參見圖3);以及細胞特異性標記(例如,在培養之前或之後,NBDS細胞主要對CD 90、CD73及CD49b呈陽性,且/或主要對CD34、CD45及KRT14呈陰性)。然而,在所有事件中,細胞必須源於真皮,且更具體而言,源於毛囊。
經擴增非球根真皮鞘細胞或「eNBDS細胞」係指已在培養中擴增數次繼代但保持產生膠原蛋白(例如,I類型膠原蛋白)以及多種細胞介素及趨化介素之能力之NBDS細胞。如上,出人意料地,eNBDS細胞亦可係免疫調節的。在較佳實施例內,細胞可在培養中擴增1、2、3、4、5、10、20或更多次繼代。
「經分離」NBDS細胞係指大於70%、80%、90%、95%、98%或100% NBDS細胞之細胞群。NBDS細胞具有產生膠原蛋白(例如,I類型膠原蛋白)以及多種細胞介素及趨化介素之能力。出人意料地,NBDS細胞亦可具有免疫調節性,使得其尤其適合於肌腱損傷之治療
(例如,藉由幫助抑制任何發炎反應)。
在本發明之某些實施例內,可使用可用以將細胞在顯微尺度上可視化之軟體或其他可視化技術來評定視野中之大量細胞之大小、形狀、活力及顆粒性,以及確定NBDS細胞(其係纖維母細胞狀(如圖3中顯示),其與角質細胞、黑色素細胞、DSC及其他具有不同形態學之細胞類型相反)之數目。因此,在本發明之一個實施例內,提供用於分離NBDS細胞之方法,其包含以下步驟:將來自毛囊之細胞培養至少1、2、3、4、5、6、10或20次繼代,使得產生經分離NBDS細胞群。在較佳實施例內,將細胞放置於允許NBDS細胞黏附之碟或燒瓶中,且每次繼代去除未黏附細胞,且釋放剩餘黏附細胞(例如,藉由胰蛋白酶化),接著添加新培養基。在此等實施例內,可藉由將細胞培養物中之細胞可視化以評定NBDS細胞對非NBDS細胞之數目來決定何時已獲得足夠的經分離NBDS細胞群。可視化技術包括但不限於直接顯微鏡可視化、針對標記(或其缺失,例如針對角蛋白之缺失)對細胞染色,以及光/雷射分析以觀察不同細胞類型之繞射圖案(一般而言,參見「Laser Scanning Microscopy and Quantitative Image Analysis of Neuronal Tissue」,Lidia Bakota及Roland Brandt編輯,Humana Press,2014;亦參見「Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells:Optical and Spectroscopic Techniques」,Conn編輯,Academic Press,2012)。
在其他實施例內,細胞特異性標記(例如,NBDS細胞主要對CD 90、CD73及CD49b呈陽性的,且/或主要對CD34、CD45及KRT14呈陰性(視情況培養之前或之後))可用於評定NBDS細胞對污染物細胞類型之程度。(「Applications of Flow Cytometry in Stem Cell Research and Tissue Regeneration」,Krishan、Krishnamurthy及Totey編輯,Wiley-Blackwell,2010)。舉例而言,經分離NBDS細胞可藉由以下步驟製
備:a)獲得一或多個活力毛囊;b)自毛囊釋放細胞(例如,經由使用酶,或藉由培養來自毛囊之生長細胞);及c)分選細胞(例如,藉由流式細胞計或經由使用磁珠)以獲得經分離NBDS細胞群。在本發明之某些實施例內,可視情況如上所述培養該過程中任何階段中之細胞(例如,可如上所述將細胞培養至少1、2、3、4、5、6、10或20次繼代),且藉由例如流式細胞計或磁珠進一步分離所得細胞。
在較佳實施例內,經分離NBDS細胞中至少70%、80%、90%、95%、98%或100%對上述陽性標記中之一或多者呈陽性,且/或至少80%、90%、95%或98%對上述陰性標記中之一者呈陰性。
在本發明之較佳實施例內(及利用本文中所闡述之技術中之任一者),經分離NBDS細胞具有在細胞群內小於15%、10%、5%或1%之角質細胞及/或在細胞群內小於15%、10%、5%或1%之黑色素細胞。然而,在其他實施例內,經分離NBDS細胞群源於真皮細胞群(較佳地,來自毛囊),其具有一些污染細胞類型,包括例如細胞群中之至少5%、10%、0.01%、0.1%或1%角質細胞,及/或至少5%、10%、0.01%、0.1%或1%黑色素細胞。在本發明之其他實施例內,經分離NBDS細胞係至少95%純,且在細胞群內具有至少一種污染細胞類型(例如,至少一種角質細胞)。
「牙齦損傷」係指由於例如外部創傷(例如,外科手術或傷口、穿孔、灼傷、輻射或意外)或急性或慢性傷口或瘢痕引起之牙齦損失或收縮。自發性或誘發性脆弱黏膜之素因,例如後天性水皰性表皮鬆解症、諸如天皰瘡等具有水皰、傷口或萎縮症之自體免疫疾病。牙齦可老化或受損傷,從而導致齒齦縮減及可能由於畸形牙齒位置(例如牙列擁擠,其導致頜骨對一或多個牙齒之覆蓋不足)引起之牙槽骨破壞;遺傳性牙齦組織不足;具有脆弱性、發皰、癒合不全、慢性傷害之後天性疾病,諸如後天性水皰性表皮鬆解症、諸如天皰瘡等具有發
皰、傷害或萎縮症之自體免疫疾病;過度刷牙;牙周病;牙線使用或刷牙不當,其使得細菌可在牙齒之間及在牙菌斑處積聚;自誘發嘔吐或其他飲食失調;由於老化或使用口嚼煙草或吸煙之副作用引起之牙齦組織收縮;磨牙;壞血症以及其他影響齒齦適當生長之營養不良;或對清潔劑之敏感性。牙齦退縮亦可起因於牙齦炎,其然後與紅腫、齒齦腫脹、流血及口臭相關聯。另外,牙齦損傷可由以下引起:急性或慢性病毒、黴菌或細菌感染、諸如硬皮病及變異體之慢性自體免疫發炎性疾病、回歸熱、紅斑狼瘡及變異體、扁平紅苔癬及一般性老化(內在老化)。在又一實施例內,牙齦在整個口腔黏膜(包括軟齶及硬齶)或頜骨之選定部分(例如個別感染之牙齒)上。
如上所述,本發明提供用於分離NBDS細胞之方法。在本發明之一個態樣內,此等方法包含以下步驟:(a)準備活力毛髮;及(b)培養活力毛髮,使得可獲得NBDS細胞群。關於步驟(a),可利用多種方法獲得活力毛髮,該等方法包括例如去除多種毛囊(以及皮膚)之外科方法或藉由直接自個體拔出一或多個毛囊。
一旦獲得了活力毛髮,便可在允許且優先促進NBDS細胞生長之條件下培養該毛髮。在較佳實施例內,此培養係在其中允許纖維母細胞狀細胞增殖之條件下進行。在較佳實施例內,用無血清培養基實施該培養步驟。在數次繼代(例如,至少1、2、3、4、5、6、10或20或更多次繼代)之後,如上所述分析經培養細胞以便確定是否存在足夠數量之NBDS細胞,以及該等細胞是否已與污染細胞充分地分離。
在本發明之其他態樣內,提供包含以下步驟之方法:(a)準備活力毛髮;(b)割開在步驟(a)中準備之該毛髮以去除毛囊球(其含有真皮鞘杯及真皮乳頭);(c)分離非球根真皮鞘組織;及(d)培養該經分離非球根真皮鞘組織以產生NBDS細胞。
為準備活力(或「活」)毛髮,通常自給定個體(例如,哺乳動物,諸如人類、馬、豬、貓、狗、兔、豚鼠、大鼠或小鼠)獲得試樣。試樣可自多種部位(例如,對於人類,自頭皮之後頭域、胸部或大腿,以及對於馬,自鬃毛或尾巴)獲得。試樣可經由生檢或其他適合手段(例如,藉由「拔出」或解剖)獲得。較佳地,選擇發育之生長期之毛囊,但亦可利用其他發育時期(例如,退化期或休止期)。
一旦自個體獲得試樣,然後便分離試樣以分離出毛囊,此通常利用顯微操縱器及解剖刀,但亦可利用諸如針之其他器具。在某些實施例內,可在毛根之球根部分上方(即,在真皮乳頭及真皮鞘杯細胞上方),但在皮脂腺管之基部下方進一步割開如圖2A中顯示之經分離毛囊,以便獲得經分離真皮鞘(參見圖2B)。可將圖2B中繪示之結構分離成至少兩個單獨組分,如在圖2C及圖2D中顯示。圖2C繪示毛髮纖維及相關聯內根鞘,以及主要含有角質細胞之外根鞘,且圖2D係含有NBDS細胞之真皮鞘(有時亦被稱為結締組織鞘)。
在某些實施例內,可藉由例如沿著一側縱向切割或藉由使用諸如酶消化之技術(例如,利用膠原蛋白消化酶,諸如膠原蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及亮抑肽酶)進一步分離真皮鞘(圖2D)。
然後可在促進細胞增殖之培養基(有或無血清)中培養含有NBDS細胞之真皮鞘或經分離NBDS細胞(例如,參見圖3)。適合培養基包括例如補充有纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF)、胎牛/牛血清及抗生素之DMEM/Hams F12。另一選擇係,細胞可在無血清製程中複製,其中利用無血清培養基與補充物之各種組合。無血清培養基之實例包括含有血清補充物及/或人類源性血小板提取物之X-VivoTM及TheraPEAKTM FGM-CDTM。在3至5天之後,通常將新增殖培養基添加至培養基。隨後可每2至4天更換培養基。當培養已達到約80%至90%匯合時,經由胰蛋白酶化將細胞自培養燒瓶脫離並在較大組織培養燒
瓶中接種該等細胞。將此步驟重複若干次繼代(例如,2次、4次或6次),直至獲得約5,000,000至100,000,000個細胞為止。
一旦獲得期望數目之細胞,將細胞洗滌數次、胰蛋白酶化及再懸浮於由乳酸林格氏液(ringer lactate)、10%人類血清白蛋白(HSA)及5%二甲基亞碸(DMSO)組成之細胞轉運培養基(CTM)中。計數細胞並加以調整以提供20,000,000個細胞/ml之最終濃度,並儲存於液氮中,或視情況儲存於適合培養基中。
在本發明之某些實施例內,不需要丟棄細胞培養上清液,此乃因其含有患者細胞生成之個別生長因子、基質分子及幹細胞因子。細胞培養上清液可經冷凍、冷凍乾燥或任何其他適合於特定用途之儲存方法。
如上所述,NBDS細胞(包括經分離NBDS細胞)可包含於具有多種成分(例如血清或血漿、白蛋白(例如,人類)、富血小板血漿(PRP)、纖維蛋白及/或透明質酸)之組合物內。亦可利用其他市售產品來製備適合組合物,包括例如TISSEEL及COSEAL(可購自Baxter)、TISSUCOL、BERIPLAST、QUIXIL、TACHOSIL及EVICEL。亦可利用其他基於聚合物之組合物,包括例如聚乙二醇、聚乳酸及聚己內酯。在其他實施例內,可將細胞放置於所製造或所收穫之細胞外基質中(例如,US 2010/0047305或US 2010/0124573,該兩者藉由全文引用方式併入)。在其他實施例內,可將細胞放置於生物不可降解或生物可降解支架或其他結構(諸如生物鞘,例如Organogenesis之GINTUIT)內。參見:http://www.organogenesis.com/products/oral-regeneration.html。尤佳支架或結構包括生物可降解支架(例如,基於膠原蛋白之支架,例如網狀物,或組合其他細胞類型(例如,角質細胞)之支架)。適合支架之代表性實例包括例如美國專利第5,736,372
號、第5,759,830號、第8,039,258號及第8,105,380號,以及美國公開案第US 2002/0172705號、第US 2009/0130068號、第US 2009/142836號及第US 2011/0293667號,所有此等案件皆以全文引用方式併入。
在其他較佳實施例內,以組合方式或作為引導組織再生(或「GTR」)之附加物提供該組合物。簡言之,GTR係具體而言旨在使牙周組織再生之外科手術。引導組織再生或GTR係在骨或牙齦之體積或尺寸不足之部位處利用障壁膜引導新骨及牙齦組織生長以達成適當功能、美觀性或假體修復之外科手術。
在其他較佳實施例內,在一個或兩個或更多個部件中(例如,在摻合各組分之雙管注射器中,或在二腔或多腔藥筒中)提供自由流動且可注射之組合物。此類注射器之代表性實例包括彼等闡述於美國專利第5,750,657號及第8,039,021號中者,該兩個專利以全文引用方式併入。
在此等組合物內亦可包括其他成分,包括例如:細胞外基質之組分(例如,葡萄糖胺聚糖(GAG)、硫酸肝素、硫酸軟骨素、硫酸角蛋白、透明質酸、彈性蛋白、膠原蛋白、纖連蛋白及層黏蛋白);細胞介素及趨化介素(例如,轉化生長因子β(TGF-β)及其同功型、胰島素樣生長因子(IGF)及其同功型、顆粒球-巨噬細胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、副甲狀腺激素相關蛋白、肝細胞生長因子/分散因子(HGF/SF)、巨噬細胞刺激蛋白(MSP)、表皮生長因子(EGF)、介白素6(IL-6)、幹細胞因子(SCF)、基質細胞源性因子1(SDF-1)、血小板源性生長因子(PDGF)及纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF));及/或各種治療劑(例如,止痛劑、消炎劑、抗生素、抗黴菌劑、抗病毒劑及免疫調節劑)。
亦提供用於治療或預防多種與口腔(例如,牙齦)有關之病況之組
合物及方法,該等方法包含向個體投與如上所述之包含NBDS細胞(或經分離NBDS細胞)之組合物之步驟。通常,藉由注射投與細胞,但在各個實施例內,就採用外科方法而言,該等細胞可直接提供至開放性傷口、齦袋中、於其旁邊或下方提供,及/或於外科傷口、牙齒或牙根管周圍提供。
牙齦退縮(齒齦縮減)定義為暴露牙根。此起因於齒齦組織損失及/或牙齦之邊緣自齒冠回縮。齒齦縮減係40歲以上成年人之常見問題,但其甚至在青少年中亦可出現。其存在可伴隨或不伴隨由於牙槽骨退縮引起之冠根比減小。
因此,在本發明之各個實施例內,可利用NBDS細胞(或經分離NBDS細胞)治療多種與牙齦有關之病況。此類病況之代表性實例包括例如:1)牙齒之畸形位置,例如牙列擁擠,其導致頜骨對一或多個牙齒之覆蓋不足;2)遺傳性疾病,諸如原發性薄或脆弱牙齦組織、牙齦組織不足,或具有脆弱性、發皰、癒合不全、慢性傷害之遺傳性疾病,諸如水皰性表皮鬆解症;3)具有脆弱性、發皰、癒合不全、慢性傷害之後天性疾病,諸如後天性水皰性表皮鬆解症、諸如天皰瘡之具有水皰、傷口或萎縮症之自體免疫疾病;4)機械應力,諸如a)過度刷牙及/或牙線使用不當,其使得細菌可在牙齒之間及在牙菌斑處積聚,b)磨牙,包括例如TMJ疾病,及c)由於外科創傷、意外傷口或損傷,及/或故意(elected)損傷(諸如穿孔及紋身)引起之對齒齦之機械損傷;5)環境、營養及/或化學敏感性,諸如a)口嚼煙草之使用或吸煙之副作用,b)對清潔劑之敏感性,及c)由於例如自誘發嘔吐或其他飲食失調引起之營養不足,以及由於吸收不良或飲食攝入不足引起之營養不良(例如,壞血病);及6)齒齦組織感染,以及相關聯的齒齦浮腫、腫脹、發紅,以及在某些情況中,流血。
如上文所論述,可經由皮內(i.c.)、黏膜內、黏膜下、真皮內或皮下(s.c.)、齦溝或甚至在牙齒固持器官(牙周韌帶、齒堊質)之韌帶內部注射NDBS細胞(或經分離NDBS細胞)容易地治療及/或預防牙齦損傷之多種體徵。在本發明之各個實施例內,可治療個體(例如,人類個體)之整個牙齦,但在更特定態樣中,可為個體提供化妝及美學治療。此類治療之代表性實例包括但不限於:門牙、尖牙、前臼齒或臼齒或全部牙齒之齒齦縮減。
在各個實施例內,可經由注射遞送NBDS細胞(或經分離NDBS細胞),此可在實施或不實施局部或全身鎮痛或鎮靜下進行。此可用單針或多針裝置進行。另外,其可以推注形式藉由單次注射來實施,或藉由使用不同技術(諸如,十字交叉、羽化或其他)之多次多層注射來實施。所遞送之體積/細胞數目主要取決於適應症及待治療之區域。典型劑量可自低至0.01ml開始至最多數ml。在本發明之某些態樣中,經注射細胞數目可在10至數十億細胞範圍內,且更佳地100、1,000、10,000、100,000、1,000,000及/或10,000,000至最多十億或更多細胞範圍內。經注射細胞之數目尤其將取決於待治療之區域之大小、可用細胞之總數及經注射之體積,以及期望效力程度。
另外,將NDBS細胞(或經分離NDBS細胞)注射至急性或慢性傷口中、其周圍或其下方將有益於傷口癒合。
在本發明之其他態樣內,提供NDBS細胞培養上清液用於塗佈牙科種植體,以促進牙科種植體或牙外科中使用之其他材料之向內生長/癒合。
以下實例闡釋本發明且不應被理解為限制本發明之範疇。
如下所述,自個體獲得來自頭皮之後頭域之皮膚生檢。簡言之,一旦選擇了適合頭皮區域,便用理髮推剪剃掉該區域的毛髮,確保保留一些短毛髮(stubble)。然後對生檢區域進行徹底消毒及麻醉。一旦麻醉生效,輕柔地自生檢部位去除1mm至10mm深之打孔片或切除式生檢,並用縫線縫合切口,可在8至16天之後去除該等縫線。然後在無菌條件下將皮膚生檢包裝至含有轉運培養基之預標記生檢管中。
對其中已轉運生檢之培養基進行無菌性測試以確保試樣未受污染,或另一選擇係,若試樣已被污染,則確保隨後利用含有抗生素之培養基。然後洗滌生檢以去除生檢轉運培養基及任何碎片以製備用於後續處理之組織。藉由用無菌解剖刀切除皮膚上皮及使用無菌鑷自周圍真皮組織「撥出」或解剖整個毛囊單元,自皮膚生檢去除毛囊。用鑷子在儘可能靠近皮膚表面處夾緊毛囊,且藉由夾住毛囊單元中之毛髮向上拔起來暴露毛囊。僅選擇(但不限於)生長期(毛髮週期之成長期,由可見外根鞘及毛球之DSC指示)之毛囊以供進一步處理。
使用精細無菌微型解剖刀或針或剪刀將包括毛囊真皮鞘杯細胞及乳頭之毛囊球與毛囊之其餘部分脫離並將其丟棄。以機械方式或酶促方式去除含有NBDS細胞之真皮鞘,且製備該組織以供培養。
將細胞/組織放置於使用促進細胞增殖之培養基之培養中。在48至72小時之後,用新培養基替換該增殖培養基。隨後,每2至4天更換培養基。當培養已達到(但不限於)約80%匯合時,對該等細胞進行繼代培養。重複此步驟直至獲得接近期望數目之細胞為止。
一旦獲得足夠數目(例如,通常一百萬或更多)之細胞,便用適合緩衝劑/培養基(例如,PBS、DMEM、Williams E)洗滌該等細胞,將
其胰蛋白酶化並再懸浮於細胞轉運培養基(諸如Hams F10或DMEM)中。藉由離心作用沈澱該等細胞。吸出上清液,並將細胞糰粒再懸浮於CTM中且用CTM再次洗滌。再次藉由離心作用沈澱細胞,且將所得之糰粒再懸浮於CTM中以給出最終期望濃度之細胞/ml。可在補充有10%人類血清白蛋白(HSA)及5%二甲基亞碸(DMSO)之1.0ml乳酸林格氏液中冷凍細胞。
首先藉由施用局部鎮痛(例如,噴霧、冷卻)或局部注射諸如丁哌卡因(Bupivacaine)之局部麻醉劑來準備受感染個體之牙齦以供注射。然後將如上所述製備之NBDS細胞反覆注射至牙齦中,以便覆蓋期望治療區域之整個體積。
作為附加物、隨訪或作為單獨治療,可使用細胞培養上清液對牙齦結構、質地、外觀、濕度、厚度及堅硬度產生有益效應。
簡言之,如在實例2中闡述自生長NBDS細胞取得之細胞培養上清液可單獨使用、濃縮或溶於典型賦形劑中並施用於老化或受損傷牙齦。
通常使用單個或多個牙科種植體治療牙齒缺失。由口腔外科醫生使用之該等種植體及其他種植體應隨時間整合至牙槽骨中。由於NBDS細胞之細胞培養上清液含有生長因子及其他因子,其可用以促進癒合及牙科種植體適當整合至骨中。因而,期望塗佈該等種植體以減少纖維包裹並增加牙科種植體或其他醫療裝置之生物適應性。
可組合上述各個實施例以提供其他實施例。本說明書中所提及及/或申請案資料清單中所列示之所有美國專利、美國專利申請公開案、美國專利申請案、外國專利、外國專利申請案及非專利出版物皆以全文引用方式併入本文中。若需要採用各個專利、申請案及公開案之概念來提供其他實施例,則可修改實施例之態樣。
纖維母細胞係牙齦真皮中之主要細胞類型。其具有高生物學活性且對於多層三維細胞網絡,其與膠原蛋白混合並經由諸如整聯蛋白之表面受體連接。膠原纖維不斷更新並藉由酶(諸如MMP's(基質金屬蛋白酶))分解,從而調節皮膚之體積及緊緻度。由於老化或吸煙,膠原蛋白降解且老化纖維母細胞無法替代。纖維母細胞變得活性極低,外觀更圓且產生較少膠原蛋白。此導致牙齦更脆弱且此最終導致牙齦老化及齒齦縮減。
症狀可為敏感性牙齒;大部分牙齒可見且因而牙齒看起來較長且無魅力或影響美觀;牙根甚至被暴露、可見且敏感;在齒齦線處感到牙齒有凹口;通常由於釉質與齒堊質之間的色差而使牙齒顏色改變;牙間隙似乎變大且食物會殘留在其中;可在齒齦線下方形成空穴;最終損失牙槽骨或甚至牙齒脫落。
可根據上述詳細說明對該等實施例作出該等及其他改變。一般而言,在以下申請專利範圍中,所用術語不應理解為將申請專利範圍限於說明書及申請專利範圍中所揭示之特定實施例,而應理解為包括所有可能實施例以及該等申請專利範圍所賦予之等效內容之全部範疇。因此,申請專利範圍並不限於本揭示內容。
Claims (34)
- 一種用於分離NBDS細胞之方法,其包含:(a)準備活力毛髮;(b)割開在步驟(a)中準備之該毛髮以去除毛囊球;(c)分離非球根真皮鞘組織;及(d)培養該經分離非球根真皮鞘組織以產生NBDS細胞。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該活力毛髮係藉由生檢自個體之頭皮上之毛髮獲得。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中經分離NBDS細胞可以自體或同種異體方式使用。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該毛髮係利用顯微操縱器及解剖刀或剪刀割開。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含實施對該經分離非球根真皮鞘組織之酶消化之步驟。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該酶消化係用膠原蛋白酶、透明質酸酶、DNAse、彈性蛋白酶、木瓜酶、XIV型蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及中性蛋白酶來實施。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該等NBDS細胞經多次繼代。
- 一種組合物,其包含根據如請求項1至7中任一項之方法製備之經分離非球根真皮鞘細胞。
- 一種組合物,其包含經分離非球根真皮鞘細胞。
- 如請求項8或9之組合物,其進一步包含血清、血漿或富血小板血漿(PRP)。
- 如請求項8、9或10中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含纖維蛋白及/或透明質酸。
- 如請求項8、9或10中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含細胞外基質之組分、細胞介素、趨化介素及治療劑。
- 如請求項12之組合物,其中該等細胞外基質組分係選自由以下組成之群組:葡萄糖胺聚糖(GAG)、硫酸肝素、硫酸軟骨素、硫酸角蛋白、透明質酸、彈性蛋白、膠原蛋白、纖連蛋白及層黏蛋白。
- 如請求項8、9或10中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含支架。
- 如請求項14之組合物,其中該支架係生物可降解支架。
- 如請求項12之組合物,其中該等細胞介素係選自由以下組成之群組:轉化生長因子β(TGF-β)及其同功型、胰島素樣生長因子(IGF)及其同功型、顆粒球-巨噬細胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、副甲狀腺激素相關蛋白、肝細胞生長因子/分散因子(HGF/SF)、巨噬細胞刺激蛋白(MSP)、表皮生長因子(EGF)、介白素6(IL-6)、基質細胞源性因子1(SDF-1)、血小板源性生長因子(PDGF)及纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF)。
- 如請求項12之組合物,其中該等治療劑係選自由以下組成之群組:止痛劑、消炎劑、抗生素、抗病毒劑、抗黴菌劑及免疫調節劑。
- 一種用於治療口腔之方法,其包含向個體之口腔投與如請求項8至17中任一項之組合物之步驟。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該向個體之口腔投藥之步驟包含向個體之牙齦投藥之步驟。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該向個體之口腔投藥之步驟包含向個體之牙袋投藥之步驟。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該個體係選自由以下組成之群組之哺乳動物:人類、馬、狗及貓。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該治療起因於牙齦損傷。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該牙齦損傷係牙齦縮減、牙齦萎縮或收縮、急性或慢性傷口/糜爛或瘢痕。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該牙齦損傷係由外科手術、灼傷、輻射或意外引起之創傷性傷口。
- 一種組合物,其包含經分離NBDS細胞培養上清液。
- 如請求項25之組合物,其中該組合物進一步包含一或多種幹細胞因子、wnt因子、生長因子、細胞介素或趨化介素。
- 如請求項25或26中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含聚合物。
- 如請求項27之組合物,其中該聚合物係選自由以下組成之群組:透明質酸、膠原蛋白、聚乙二醇、聚乳酸及聚己內酯。
- 如請求項25或26中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含細胞外基質。
- 如請求項25或26中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含生物不可降解或生物可降解支架。
- 如請求項25或26中任一項之組合物,其進一步包含膏糊、乳膏、凝膠或乳劑。
- 如請求項25或26中任一項之組合物,其用作醫療裝置上之塗料。
- 一種醫療裝置,其包含如請求項32之組合物,以及醫療裝置。
- 如請求項33之醫療裝置,其中該醫療裝置係牙科種植體。
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WO2023066184A1 (zh) | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-27 | 庄国昇 | 寡肽在治疗牙龈发炎、牙龈萎缩及修复口腔黏膜中的用途 |
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MX366410B (es) | 2013-02-12 | 2019-07-08 | Replicel Life Sciences Inc | Composiciones y metodos para tratamiento y reparacion de tendones. |
TW201538730A (zh) | 2014-02-12 | 2015-10-16 | Replicel Life Sciences Inc | 用於治療骨骼、關節及軟骨之組合物及方法 |
CN115845036B (zh) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-09 | 滨州益洁口腔有限公司 | 用于口腔种植体牙龈组织的蛋白酶及制备方法 |
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US7556825B2 (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 2009-07-07 | Anticancer, Inc. | Method for promoting hair growth |
DE10224982A1 (de) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-24 | Rolf Hoffmann | Mesenchymale Stammzellen des Haarfollikels und deren Verwendung |
WO2004040000A2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-05-13 | Nura, Inc | G protein coupled receptors and uses thereof |
BRPI1013373B1 (pt) * | 2009-03-30 | 2022-01-18 | Edimer Biotech S.A. | Anticorpo monoclonal anti-edar agonista isolado, molécula de ácido nucleico isolada, vetor de expressão, microrganismo, composição farmacêutica, e, kit farmacêutico |
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