TW201536287A - 瑞巴派特的局部止血用途 - Google Patents
瑞巴派特的局部止血用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201536287A TW201536287A TW103130540A TW103130540A TW201536287A TW 201536287 A TW201536287 A TW 201536287A TW 103130540 A TW103130540 A TW 103130540A TW 103130540 A TW103130540 A TW 103130540A TW 201536287 A TW201536287 A TW 201536287A
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- Prior art keywords
- hemostatic agent
- bleeding
- rebamipide
- topical hemostatic
- topical
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本發明提供一種局部止血劑,其係以瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽作為有效成分,用以抑制物理性黏膜損傷造成的出血。
Description
本發明係關於一種以喹啉酮(carbostyril)化合物或其鹽作為有效成分之物理性黏膜損傷造成的出血之局部止血劑,更詳而言之,係關於一種以下式(1)所示之化合物或其鹽作為有效成分之物理性黏膜損傷造成的出血之局部止血劑:
上述之式(1)所示之喹啉酮化合物,習知者為瑞巴派特(rebamipide)[化學名稱:(2RS)-2-(4-氯苯甲醯基胺基)-3-(2-側氧-1,2-二氫喹啉-4-基)丙酸],其製法係記載於專利文獻1,並記載該等可使用作為抗潰瘍劑。而且,於專利文獻2記載瑞巴派特可使用作為胃炎治療劑,並於專利文獻3至5記載亦可用於多種疾病的治療。於所述任
一文獻中,瑞巴派特主要是以如經口投予之方式全身投予使用,即使在上述治療胃炎之情形下,也不是將藥物局部性地散布於胃的炎症患部而進行治療。於專利文獻6係記載瑞巴派特可使用作為眼疾病治療劑,點眼劑雖係局部投予使用,惟其效能係改善乾眼等,而非以止血為目的。
近年來,因為醫療技術的進歩,使用腹腔鏡、內視鏡之方法正逐漸發展。該等方法與開腹手術相比,對患者的侵入性較少,而成為較多患者所選擇的治療法。
就使用腹腔鏡、內視鏡之操作處理而言,係有活組織檢驗、摘除、切除、剝離等,無論是哪一種施術方式,都必然會在術中發生暫時性的出血。
術中之止血,就暫時地治癒損傷部位之目的而言,係屬必要,而就為了確保手術區的視野而言,亦屬必要。而且,為了預防術後的出血,亦有需要在術中對切除後之剝離面進行充分的止血處理之情形。
止血方法係有:使用止血鉗等之機械性止血法,高頻凝固、氬電漿凝固等熱凝固法,局部注射乙醇、高張Na-腎上腺素等之局部注射法,及散布凝血酶、藻酸鈉等藥劑之方法等。
上述之機械性止血法係大量出血時之措施,故不宜用於少量之出血。而且,機械性止血法、熱凝固法等所使用的醫療器具係有價格高昂之問題。
對於內視鏡等操作處理之暫時性的少量出血,最簡易的手段係採用散布凝血酶、藻酸鈉等藥劑之方
法。然而,凝血酶之最適pH在7附近,因此當用於胃時,需適當中和胃酸。而且凝血酶的原料為牛或人的血液,因此有感染的風險。而且,認為藻酸鈉係以覆於患部而止血之物理機制發揮功效,雖然市面出售以此作為有效成分之Alloid G內用液5%(共成製藥股份有限公司),惟其顏色為綠色,故有所謂不易看清楚手術區之問題,而且,還有所謂下痢、便秘之副作用。雖有上述問題,但因其簡便性,對於內視鏡等之消化管的暫時性出血所廣泛使用的方法,仍只是散布凝血酶及藻酸鈉。
在醫療前線,係強烈期望增加藥劑之種類,以因應患者的狀況、出血的部位而適當選擇藥劑,尤其是強烈期望增加不同止血機制的藥劑。
[專利文獻1]日本特公昭63-35623號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開平3-74329號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開平6-211662號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開平7-101862號公報
[專利文獻5]日本特開平8-12578號公報
[專利文獻6]日本特開平9-301866號公報
本發明之課題在於提供一種物理性黏膜損
傷造成的出血之局部止血劑,尤其是消化管(口腔、咽喉、食道、胃、小腸、大腸及肛門等)之機械性物理黏膜損傷造成的出血之局部止血劑。
本發明者等為了解決上述課題而進行精心檢討,發現為上述式(1)所示之喹啉酮化合物之瑞巴派特,係意外地對於內視鏡等的操作處理之機械性物理黏膜損傷造成的出血具有止血之功效,遂完成本發明。
亦即,本發明係如以下各項所述。
第1項 一種局部止血劑,其係包含瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽作為有效成分。
第2項 如第1項所述之局部止血劑,其係液劑。
第3項 如第2項所述之局部止血劑,其中,所含之有效成分為0.05重量%至50重量%。
第4項 如第1項所述之局部止血劑,其係以水溶液溶解、稀釋而使用。
第5項 如第1項至第4項中任一項所述之局部止血劑,其係直接散布於出血部位。
第6項 如第1項至第5項中任一項所述之局部止血劑,其中,止血係抑制機械性物理黏膜損傷造成的出血。
第7項 如第6項所述之局部止血劑,其中,該機械性物理黏膜損傷係消化管之物理性黏膜損傷。
第8項 一種瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽之用途,其係用於製造局部止血劑。
第9項 一種瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽,其係用於抑制局部出血。
第10項 一種抑制出血的方法,其係對有局部出血之患者局部投予治療上有效量之瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽。
本發明之局部止血劑,可使用作為物理性黏膜損傷之局部止血劑,例如作為採用內視鏡等之操作處理中機械性物理黏膜損傷造成的出血之局部止血劑。
尤其,本發明之局部止血劑可以使用作為因物理性黏膜損傷造成、難以藉由一般的結紮止血之源自小血管、毛細血管及實質臟器之出血(例如,拔牙後的出血、手術中源自消化管(口腔、咽喉、食道、胃、小腸、大腸及肛門等)的出血等)之局部止血劑。
而且,本發明之局部止血劑可提供物理性黏膜損傷造成的出血之局部止血效果,且可一併提供其有效成分之瑞巴派特所具有的其他效果(抗潰瘍劑、胃炎治療效果、腸黏膜傷害保護效果、脲酶(urease)抑制效果及介白素-8抑制效果等)。
本發明之局部止血劑,係包含瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽作為有效成分,可用一般的方法,與適當之1種或2種以上的醫藥上所容許的載體一同調製成液劑之形態。其中,液劑之形態,只要是可將溶液、懸浮液、乳濁液等直接散布於出血患部,或可藉由內視鏡等在施術前或施術後以局部注射等投予至操作處理(黏膜切除)部位及/或其周圍之液性即可,較佳為溶液、懸浮液。
再者,本發明之局部止血劑亦包括於使用前以水溶液稀釋後使用之液劑。其中,水溶液可舉如精製水、生理食鹽水、緩衝液等,可稀釋於該等之中使用。
而且,本發明之局部止血劑亦包括於局部使用時,可在使用前以水溶液溶解、稀釋後使用之固形組成物,係可於水溶液(精製水、生理食鹽水、緩衝液等)中使溶解、稀釋、懸浮、乳濁等而使用。
本發明之局部止血劑之投予,可列舉:對使用內視鏡等之操作處理中受到機械性物理損傷之局部(尤其是黏膜等)進行散布、噴霧或灌注之投予方法,或藉由內視鏡等在施術前或施術後以局部注射投予至操作處理(黏膜切除)部位及/或其周圍之方法等。
而且,本發明的一種態樣,可為可以直接散布於患部之固態組成物,可列舉例如將投予形態為粉末等之本發明之局部止血劑散布於出血部位之方法。
而且,作為對消化管之局部投予的另一種態樣,亦可藉由經口投予或經肛門投予,使本發明之局部
止血劑與出血的黏膜接觸。就該經口投予所用的本發明之局部止血劑之製劑形式的例子而言,可列舉:液劑、酏劑、膠囊劑、散劑、顆粒劑、丸劑、懸浮劑、乳劑、散劑、錠劑、漿(syrup)劑、喉錠(troche)劑等一般所使用的經口投予製劑。就該經肛門投予之製劑形式的例子而言,一般所使用的經肛門投予製劑,可列舉例如栓劑。而且,對於口腔內、咽喉部之出血,除了上述經口投予製劑之外,含漱藥等製劑亦屬有效。該等製劑之製造,可例如依照如本案說明書之先前技術文獻所記載的方法依常法製造。
上述瑞巴派特之醫藥上所容許的鹽,可使用生理或藥學上所容許的各種鹽。例如與下述列舉之一般的鹼一同形成之鹽:氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氨丁三醇(trometamol)(參[羥甲基]胺基甲烷)、單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二異丙醇胺、葡甲胺(meglumine)等。
本發明之液劑所包含的載體/添加劑,只要是一般使用之醫藥上所容許者即無特別限定,例如可使用:溶劑(例如水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(macrogol)、丙三醇等);溶解助劑(例如丙二醇、苯甲酸苯甲酯、乙醇、三乙醇胺、碳酸鈉、檸檬酸鈉、氨丁三醇(參[羥甲基]胺基甲烷)、葡甲胺等);懸浮化劑(例如羧甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、丙二醇、聚維酮、甲基纖維素、單硬脂酸丙三醇酯、三嵌段聚合物(Pluronic)、聚山梨糖醇酯80等);
等張劑(例如、葡萄糖、丙三醇、D-甘露醇、D-山梨醇、氯化鈉、蔗糖、氯化鉀等);緩衝劑(例如磷酸三鈉、磷酸氫鈉、磷酸二氫鈉、磷酸二氫鉀、硼酸、檸檬酸、檸檬酸鈉、酒石酸、乙酸、乙酸鈉、ε-胺基己酸、麩胺酸鈉等);pH調整劑(例如磷酸氫鈉、乙酸鈉、碳酸鈉、檸檬酸鈉、氫氧化鈉、鹽酸等);溶解劑(例如葡甲胺)等。
而且,本案發明之液體製劑可進一步包含:防腐劑(例如對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸乙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、氯丁醇、氯化苯甲烷銨(benzalkonium chloride)、氯化本索寧(benzethonium chloride)、硫柳汞(thimerosal)、苯乙醇);抗氧化劑(例如亞硫酸鈉、焦亞硫酸鈉、亞硫酸氫鈉、抗壞血酸等);著色劑(例如食用色素、β-胡蘿蔔素等);甜味劑(例如糖精鈉、甘草酸二鉀、阿斯巴甜、甜菊)等添加物。
本案發明之液體製劑理想為經滅菌處理者。
液體製劑之pH,以約3至約11為較佳、約4.5至約9.5為更佳、約5.5至約8.5為最佳。
本發明之局部止血劑所含有之瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽之量可於廣範圍內選擇而無特別限定,惟一般相對於該製劑之組成物係約0.05重量%至約70
重量%。為液劑時,較佳為約0.05重量%至約50重量%,更佳為約0.1重量%至約20重量%,又更佳為約0.2重量%至約10重量%。為可在使用前以水溶液溶解、稀釋後使用之固態組成物時,溶解、稀釋所得之液劑亦為該等濃度。
本發明之藥物的投予量係可依投予方法、患者的年齡、性別其他條件、疾病的程度而適當選擇,一般而言,因為瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽的量每1日每1kg體重係0.01至50mg,較佳為3至5mg,故宜考慮該等而決定製劑中之瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽之濃度及局部的散布量。
投予單位為明確之製劑時,組成物中所包含之瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽之量宜為每投予單位0.1至3000mg,較佳為0.5至300mg。
本發明之局部止血劑可分為1次或2至數次投予。
本發明之「物理性黏膜損傷造成的出血」,意指由黏膜病變引起的出血以外之源自黏膜的出血,例如可列舉如開腹手術、以及使用腹腔鏡或內視鏡等之操作處理中必然或偶發性發生之出血或伴隨拔牙操作處理之出血的機械性物理損傷造成的出血等。
本發明之「抑制出血」,意指使出血停止、減少出血量。而且,本案發明之「抑制出血」亦包括預防源自物理性黏膜損傷之再出血及幫助一般結紮方式的止血。
本發明之「治療上有效量」,意指足以提供
所期望的止血效果之藥劑量。所需之量可因應患者的年齡及健康狀況、及該藥劑的投予形態等,視每一位患者而改變。
以下列舉製劑例及藥理實驗說明本發明,惟本發明並不限定於該等實施例。
製劑例1
上述各成分係溶解或懸浮於注射用水。
製劑例2
上述各成分係溶解或懸浮於注射用水。
製劑例3
上述各成分係溶解或懸浮於注射用水。
製劑例4
上述各成分係溶解或懸浮於注射用水。
藥理試驗
為了調查瑞巴派特之止血效果,將瑞巴派特投予至裝有胃之留塞特箱(Lucite chamber)內,進行血紅素測定,以對胃出血的部位進行評估。
將羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC,Sigma-Aldrich Japan)用注射用水(大塚製藥工場股份有限公司)調製成1w/v%(1% HPMC)之濃度。
量取適量之瑞巴派特(大塚製藥股份有限公司),放入瑪瑙研缽磨碎,使用1% HPMC調製成2、4及10w/v%之濃度。
對從試驗前一天開始禁食之雄性Crl:CD(SD)大鼠腹腔內投予4%戊巴比妥1mL/kg施以麻醉並開腹,將十二指腸與胃的幽門部之交界部結紮。沿胃大彎切開,洗淨內容物後,裝於留塞特箱中。使用內視鏡用活組織檢驗鉗(Boston Scientific製,2.8mm)採取胃體之黏膜部,使其出血。在出血後馬上投予瑞巴派特溶液或懸浮液0.5mL與人工胃液(0.1N HCl,和光純藥工業股份有限公司)0.5mL,放置10分鐘。對於正常(Normal)組及對照(Control)組投予1% HPMC 0.5mL與人工胃液(0.1N HCl,和光純藥工業股份有限公司)0.5mL,放置10分鐘。
之後,回收添加液,進一步以生理食鹽水(大塚製藥工場股份有限公司)1mL洗淨箱內,回收洗淨溶液。將該回收液作為試樣,測定血紅素(各組5隻)。
將十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS,和光純藥工業股份有限公司)用注射用水(大塚製藥工場股份有限公司)調製成1w/v%之濃度(以下記為1% SDS)。
於1% SDS 1mL加入回收液試樣1mL後,以約100℃加溫5分鐘,萃取血紅素。之後,使用離心機(5417R,Eppendorf公司)離心分離(12,000rpm,室溫,10分鐘)後,回收上清液,使用分光光度計(U-3010,Hitachi High-Technologies)測定於410nm之吸光度。
試驗結果係示於表1。
於磷酸緩衝劑粉末(1/15mol/L,pH 7.0,和光純藥工業股份有限公司)中加入注射用水,調製成1/15mol/L、pH 7.0(1/15M磷酸緩衝液)。
量取適量之瑞巴派特(大塚製藥股份有限公司),以成為1.0w/v%濃度之方式加入1/15M磷酸緩衝液,進行超音波處理。之後,使用1/15M磷酸緩衝液以成為0.4%及0.2%之方式連續稀釋。
以與藥理試驗1相同的方法將大鼠的胃裝於留塞特箱
內,使其出血。在出血後馬上投予瑞巴派特溶液或懸浮液1mL,放置10分鐘。於正常組及對照組投予1/15M磷酸緩衝液1mL,放置10分鐘。
之後,回收添加液,進一步以生理食鹽水(大塚製藥工場股份有限公司)1mL洗淨箱內,回收洗淨溶液。以該回收液作為試樣,測定血紅素。(各組5隻)
以與藥理試驗1相同的方法測定。
試驗結果係示於表2。
Claims (10)
- 一種局部止血劑,其係包含瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之局部止血劑,其係液劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之局部止血劑,其中,包含有效成分0.05重量%至50重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之局部止血劑,其係以水溶液溶解、稀釋使用。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項所述之局部止血劑,其係直接散布於出血部位。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之局部止血劑,其中,止血係抑制機械性物理黏膜損傷造成的出血。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之局部止血劑,其中,該機械性物理黏膜損傷係消化管之物理性黏膜損傷。
- 一種瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽之用途,係用於製造局部止血劑。
- 一種瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽,係用於抑制局部出血。
- 一種抑制出血之方法,其係對有局部出血之患者局部投予治療上有效量之瑞巴派特或其醫藥上所容許的鹽。
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