201220221 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於追蹤運輪物品之位置的方法。 【先前技術】 已提出各種解決方案來追縱運輸物品之位置，運輪物 如貨物集裝箱、包裹、郵件或由諸如郵政或快遞服務之： 運輸的其他物品。難的所謂之資錢料統通常基於绪如 全球定位线(GPS)之衛星定㈣統。在此等解決方案中， 將諸如GPS接收器之追縱單元附接至位置將被跟隨之物 件。該GPS接收器能夠自一或多個衛星接收信號且可因此 確疋GPS接收斋之位置。一旦已由Gps接收器確定了位 置’GPS接收②便可藉助於通信單元將此資訊傳輸至中央祠 服器’自該中央伺服器之此資訊可為服務之用戶所用。 在資產追蹤系統中報告並處理事件之可能缺點包括所涉 及到之設備（例如，追蹤單元、其感測器及其通信單元）的高 電力消耗。此外，可能濫用此等追蹤方法，例如藉由將追蹤 單元附接至某人之衣服或所有物且接著使用該系統來追蹤 此人之移動。因此，在已知解決方案中，使用者之隱私龙不 是總能以最佳方式得到保護。 DE 44 04 195 Cl (AEG Postautomation GmbH)揭示了，種 追縱單元，其包含用於監視運輸物品之移動的加速度感測 器。對應地量測之值儲存於該單元之記憶體上且在一中央設 1〇〇135869 4 201220221 施處予以分析，以便追溯性地識別所使用之運輪手段及重建 構運輪過程之進展。 、其，資產追縱系統係基於沿物品之運輸路㈣亦即，在配 送終端、郵局、機場、火車站等）配置的固心貞測器。使用 料偵測器，可追縱物品之運輸。為達成彼目的，物品或物 。口之包農通常具備諸如條碼或賴_代糾可視識別或 =備堵如RFID標籤的電磁翻。然而，此等追料統通常 ^漏之基礎架構，在整個配送鏈中需要標籤讀取 物描器。此導致高成本，尤其㈣統將在基本上全世界範 圍中起作用的情況下。 達=ΓΓ可用性之外’發件人通常期望在物品已到 =1:接收可靠之接收應答。通常，運輪服務之 負貝人向收件人要«名且將會將此簽名轉遞至服務中 心，该服務中心將相應地通知發 Λ ^而，簽名的人與實 際收件人通吊不對應，Μ此，發件人不 的收到貨。 k收件人疋否真 例如關於其 幾何尺寸、可追蹤之資訊的量、資 本或所報告之資訊的及時性 【發明内容】 直到現在’已知之設備都不能滿足所有要求， 丰斗It私保護問題、系統成 因此’本發明之目的為產生一種鱼 關的追縱運輸物品之位置的方法初、之技術領域有 4 W方法係可靠的且提供關 100135869 5 201220221 於運輸過程之最新且Μ 本發明之科； 據本發明，該方法= 範圍第1項之特徵指定。根 a)提供包含一通作 ° 及一確認單元之一追蹤模組； )將輪模組與該運輸物品包裝 縱模組與運輸物品包裝在—共同包Μ ;-係將°亥追 0重複地確定該追縱模組之位置； d) 將該經確定位署#、 專達、，·5—第一經授權之接收端； e) 在收件人接收到該運輸物 後，即刻使用該通信單元將；/動糾^早70 早兀將一接收確認傳達給一第二經授權 之接收端。 該確認單元為該追蹤模組之一部分以允許將收件人之接 收確認快速且簡便地傳輪至該發件人。 此外，㈣確賴追賴組之位置以允許纽賴確認單 元時檢查該追蹤触之位置。此允許檢查物品衫確實到達 其目的地。 通常’將存在追概務讀供者(在下Μ為：「服務提供 者」），該追蹤服務提供者將料追蹤模組配送給使用者(直 接地或經㈣如郵政或㈣服叙提供者的合作者）、操作 中央伺服器和資料庫、收集所使用之模組等等口。此外，將存 在運輸服務’其實際上運輸包括該等追縱模組的諸如貨物集 裝箱、包裹、郵件或其他物品之物品β #任可以各種方式來 100135869 6 201220221 分配給服務提供者和運輸服務。情況甚至可能係同—個企業 負責兩種服務。 請注意，該第-經授權之接收端可為物品之發件人以及收 件人’但亦可為服務提供者、運輸服務或甚至經授權之第三 方〇括此等實知之資料處理系統。類似地，該第二經授權 接收h可再-人為發件人、服務提供者、運輸服務或經授權 之第三方’包括此等實體之㈣處理系統。因此，該第一經 授權之接Μ及該第二經授權之接㈣可為同—個人、服務 或實體或料同的人、服務或實體。料，可將上文提到之 資訊同時或接連地傳達給複數個接收端。—經授權之接收端 可將該資訊轉遞至其他經_之接收端或使該資訊可為其 他經授權之接收端所用。作為—實施例，可將該資訊傳達至 該運輸服務之-中央健器，在該中央健器處，可使該資 訊為能夠鍵人正叙追蹤㈣及糾_有使料(通 發件人和收件人)所用。 詳言之’該通信單it包含用於諸如蜂巢式無線電網路之無 線網路的發送器及接收器。 戎通信單元及該確認單元可為該追蹤模組之單獨組件，或 其可部分或完全地整合(例如’藉由共用共同之中央處理^ 元、記憶體及/或電源供應器）。 可將該追蹤模組與待運輸之物品一起放到共同之包襞 中。或者，該追蹤模組可(例如）附接至此等物品或包裝，^ 100135869 7 201220221 其可為該包裂之一部分。 :在及追縱模組自身處（例如）藉由該追縱模組之專用定 位單元來部分或完全地確定該追蹤模組之位置。或者，在服 務提仏者或第二方之词服器處部分或完全地確定該位置。為 了確疋位置’可使用已由追縱模組自身收集到之資訊(諸 如GPS資料或自無線通信網路(諸如，蜂巢式網路或可存 取WLAN網路)接收到之資料)及/或已自其他來源(諸如，自 無線通信網路自身）獲得之資訊。 對應地在本發明之第一具體例中，該追縱模組包含一定 位單凡°亥定位單元包括—GPS接收器，且使用GPS資料， λ定單;11夠確定該追蹤模組之位置而不需與其他服務 作^[何互動。在本發明之第二具體例中，將自無線通信網路 (諸如，蜂巢式網路或可存取WLAN網路)接收到之資料傳 輸至°玄服務提供者及/或專用定位服務之飼服器，以便基於 自-亥肩路接收到之資料來確定該追蹤模組之位置 ，亦即，在 °亥追縱模組外部實現定位。合適之資料可包括WLAN網路 之ssm或與蜂巢式網路之_個或幾個小區有關的資訊，諸 如小區ID(例如，自BCCH獲得)或汉细值。可將該資料以 原始形式或在預處理之後自該追_ _輸至另—服務。此 外，可使用甚至其他之技術(諸如，射頻識別等）或使用自該 追縱模組之通信單元連接至之無線通信網路獲得的資料來 確定位置。 100135869 201220221 本發明性方㈣合於對使用乡種運輸手段(諸如，卡車、 船、鐵路及飛機，包括客機）㈣如郵政或快雜務之服 所運輸的彳§件、包裹或其他物品的追蹤。 原則上本發明性方法對所有貨運類型（像經濟的或特快 的）起作用且獨立於運輸服務之領域中的新基礎架構。、 取決於通信單元之種類，該系統可基本上在全世界範固内 起作用。在較佳具體例中，所使用之網路係基於諸如全球行 動通信系統（GSM，Global System f0r Μ〇^ Communications)之蜂巢式行動網路，且發送器/接收器能约 在儘可能多之頻帶上通信。然而，原則上，該系統適用於在 該服務應涵蓋之地區中提供某涵蓋的所有當前及將來之無 線網路。在該系統將要用於其他國家或地區之情況下，其亦 不需要實質調適，且可容易地整合至運輸服務之系統中。 較佳地’設備包含一打開感測器，其中包裝之打開由讀打 開感測器偵測並使用該通信單元傳達至經授權之接收端中 之一者。包裝之打開為重要事件。詳言之，其可為物品巳到 達收件人手中、物品在海關處接受檢查或未經授權之活動的 指示。取決於時間及運輸物品之位置，可排除此等選項中之 一個或幾個。 知道了包裝被打開，發件人或運輸服務可採取適當的措 施。在未經授權之打開的情況下，可命令一替換遞送，可在 遠端冊丨除儲存於所運輸之行動設備上之敏感資料，或可概鱗 100135869 201220221 啟動由受追％郵件傳達 人知道包骏甚至為、腾、、，馬。在其他情況下，有助於發件 打開的事實。在包裝手中一段時間之後仍未被 急資訊之情況下，發件h易腐爛物品、活的植物或動物或緊 之必要性。 可通知收件人關於儘快地打開包裝 =二这打開感測器包含-光感測11。假如包裝實質上 係不透明的，則隹f虫24由丄 衣：r貝上 打開的可靠於- 型之實質改變的谓測係包裝被 可想到使用其他麵 感測器或聲音感測哭妹 省如機械 车曰I心。然而’大多數包裝並不隔音，且 及到對所4之聲音的複雜分析以便使聲音與包裝之打開 相關。此外’機械感測器通常需要對模組之幾何形狀或置放 作-些調適。雖然其可適合於整合至包裝（諸如，紙板箱或 塑膠容③）t的ϋ蹤馳，但其適合於應該可用於待運 輸之多數容器及包裝的獨立模組。 在某些具體例中’在由該打開感測器债測到包裝之打開後 即刻致動確認單元可能係有用的。通常，包裝之外部將展示 對應之標註’通知收件人包裝之打開將對應於確認對物品之 接收。為了避免錯誤的肯定偵測，可延遲致動，直至打開狀 況已持續了某些量之時間為止。作為一範例，在該打開感測 器包含一光感測器之情況下，可在偵測到增加之光強度有三 分鐘之後致動該確認單元。可使用自下文提到之其他感測器 獲得之資料來控制該確認單元。舉例而言，該確認單元可自 100135869 10 201220221 I & 描器接收資料，使得可確保確實係既定 的收件人打開**物並確認對其之接收。 ,偵氣1到包裝之打開後，僅在該追蹤模組之經確定 位么置係紅疋之地理區域内時，才可將接收之確認傳達給第 =Λ權之接收舳。舉例而言，僅在該追蹤模組之經確定位 置係在物叩將運輸至之地址的某—距離内時，才可傳達一確 在替代具體例巾’僅在該追縱模組之經確定位置不在諸 每關辦Α區的被排除之地理區域之某一距離内時，才傳達 該確認。 _可^該追簡組處或在服務提供者之巾央舰器處執行 、工確疋位置與被包括或被排除之地理H域的比較。 在谓'則到包裝之打開的情況下，在經確定位置既不在最終 目㈣附近亦不在可能打開包裝的被排除之區域中之一者 附近^ ’可將警報訊息傳達給發件人或運輸服務。 在”他具體例中’藉由對致動器之手動操作來致動該確認 單元因此，收件人藉由操作致動器（諸如，按下該追縱模 組外部之按鈕）來確認對物品之接收。 甚至在彼具體例中，較佳具有一打開感測器，因為此允許 通知物品已到達其目的地(基於經確定位置）、已打開包裝但 未曾（尚未)確認接收。 在替代具體例中’藉由與本地發送器直接通信來致動該確 4单元此允許確έ忍物品之接收及包襄之打開，甚至在自動 100135869 201220221 處理接收到之貨品的情況下仍如此。致動可以不同方式來發 生：首先，本地發送器可使該確認單元主動地或被動地發射 k號，諸如識別自身之電磁信號。為達成彼目的，該確認單 元可(例如）包括發送器或包含RFID標籤。該本地發送器連 接至一本地系統，該本地系統自身將確認直接地或經由服務 提供者之中央伺服器傳達給該第二經授權之接收端。為了確 保該確涊係真實的，該本地系統將傳輸自RFID標籤讀取或 由°亥追蹤模組之發送器提交的識別碼。在另一具體例中，該 本地發送器將在該追蹤模組處識別自身，且該模組自身將會 再-人直接地或經由服務提供者之中央伺服器將接收確認傳 達給该第二經授權之接收端，包括該本地發送器之識別資 訊。 =利地，該追蹤模組包含一啟動單元，其中僅在致動該啟 動單元之後才確定該追縱模組之位置及/或將該追蹤模組之 位置傳達給該第-經卿之接收端。此確保僅在由發件人啟 動之後（亦即’―旦物品在途巾）才收集並傳達位置資訊。藉 由此舉’節省該追賴組之f池的充電狀況。 在-些具體例中，啟動可包括接通該模組，亦即，向該模 組之電子設備提供電力1而，較佳地，該模組在啟動之前 已經處於待命狀態τ，且啟動意謂著該模組開始主動地與服 務提供者之中央舰器及資料庫通信以便允許確定其位置 以及將其位置傳達給該第—經授權之接收端。或者，啟動改 100135869 12 201220221 變服務提供者之舰II的與f料收集、該追蹤模組之位置的 確定或經確疋位置至該第—經授權之接收端的傳達有關的 操作。 可藉由對致動器（諸如，該追蹤模.组外部之按紐)之手動操 作來啟動該啟動單元。此解決方案為簡單的 、便於使用，且 • 在發件人處不需要任何額外設備。 較佳地，同一組件構成該確認單元之致動器及該啟動單元 之致動器。詳言之，該組件為（例如）配置於該追蹤模組外部 之按鈕。此允許具有藉由單一控制元件得到之追蹤模組。此 情形降低了複雜性及空間要求。此外，避免了在設備之操作 中的可能之模糊性。 作為按鈕之替代’可使用其他類型之致動器，諸如開關或 滑杯或甚至觸控螢幕。在任何情況下，較佳的係，致動器可 甚至由具有視覺缺陷的人清楚看到。 作為手動致動之替代’可藉由與本地發送器之直接通信來 致動該啟動單元。此情形允許甚至在自動處理待發送之貨品 的情況下仍能簡單地啟動該模組。在較佳具體例中，該啟動 . 單元連接至接收器。一旦該接收器拾取到該本地發送器之對 應信號，便自動地致動該啟動單元。該本地發送器可將其他 資訊傳輸至該追蹤模組，諸如關於包裝物品的幾何形狀、重 量、目的地或易感染性的資訊。 作為僅在由啟動單元致動後才確定並傳達位置的替代，該 100135869 13 201220221 追蹤模組可不斷地確定位置且將對應資訊發送至服務提供 者之中央伺服器。然而，此情形將要求由服務提供者確保使 用者之隱私，亦即’直至偵測到該追蹤模組係在運途中為 止’該服務提供者都不會永久地儲存位置資訊或將該資訊傳 達給第三方。 較佳地’在該確認單元之致動後將經確定位置傳達給該第 一經授權之接收端永久地撤銷啟動。此意謂著直至由追蹤服 務之提供者重設該設備為止，接收端、運輸服務或其他使用 者都不會重新啟動該追蹤模組，以使得將任何定位資訊傳達 給S亥第一經授權之接收端。此避免在未適當地服務及/或未 適當地再指派給新追縱執行個體的情況下再使用同一設 備。此外，其避免由接收端或第三方濫用該設備來達成其他 目的。 有利地’僅在該追蹤模組經過運輸服務之經認證之檢查點 時才將經確定位置傳達給該第一經授權之接收端。此確保該 追縱模組之追蹤能力僅可用於由經授權運輸服務所施行之 運輪過程的背景下。此禁止對設備之濫用：一方面，其不可 用於不同於追蹤由運輸服務所運輸之物品的目的，另一方 面’該設備不可由不具有來自追蹤服務之提供者之授權的其 他運輸服務所使用。 此外’作為藉由致動器之手動操作進行啟動的替代，可僅 在该追縱模組經過經認證之檢查點時才發生該追蹤模組之 10〇135869 201220221 啟動。此將確保啟動每個追蹤模組且避免由於發件人忘記啟 動而使追蹤模組「休眠」。然而，此將意謂著在經過經認證 之檢查點之前將不會將追溯性追蹤資訊發送至經授權之接 收端。 較佳地’追溯性地將在經過該經認證之檢查點之前確定的 位置傳達給該第一經授權之接收端。此允許向該第一經授權 之接收端提供運輸過程之完整歷史，儘管位置資訊係在經過 該檢查點之後才傳輸。 有利地，以預定時間間隔來將位置資訊傳達給該第一經授 權之接收端（包括服務提供者的使該資訊可為使用者所用的 資料庫或舰器）。在普通之運輸過㈣，每小時或每分 鐘可獲得位置資訊通常為足夠的。藉由如此限制通信之數 目’節省該追組之電池的充電狀況。此允許以更緊凑之 方式建置模組，此將追蹤模組之應用領域增廣至較小包裝 (例如，泡殼封套或甚至普通之信件封套）。 在較佳八體例中，位置資訊之傳達僅發生在該追縱模也之 位置的幾次時間上分離之確定之後，其後將該等經確定位置 追溯I·生地傳達給該第—纟續權之接收端。此很大程度上保存 了比車〇數目之通信的省電效果。‘然而，同時，與位置確定 之數目對應;^信數目 <情況相比’會以更好的解析度來截 取又追縱物之路徑。此外，若侧到之位置指示—警報的 情形’則該追峨設備可對應地作出反應（參見下文 100135869 15 201220221 有利地，在追蹤模組之密切監視模式下，確定位置資訊且 以較短之時間間隔將其傳達給該第一經授權之接收端，其中 可由經授權之人來啟動該密切監視模式。 此允許快速地獲得最新之位置資訊（及狀態資訊，若適 用）。該經授權之人可為該第一經授權之接收端、該第二經 授權之接收端、該運輸服務及/或經授權之第三者。 除了由經授權之人啟動之外’若符合某些狀況(例如，關 於時間及/或位置、狀態感測器之量測等）’則可自動地啟動 該密切監視模式。可啟動該密切監視模式歷時某—時間間隔 (其可為固定地預定的或取決於如上文所提到之狀況）。此 外，該密切監視模式可由該經授權之人撤銷啟動或在接收之 確認或該追蹤模組之撤銷啟動時撤銷啟動。 較佳地’該追蹤模組監視由狀態感測器量測之至少一狀態 參數。將自5亥狀態參數導出之狀態資訊傳達給該經授權之接 收端中之一者。取決於所量測之狀態參數之種類，此增廣了 應用領域。 在本發明之有利具體例中，所監視之狀態包含以下各者中 之至少/者： a)運動； 此包括線性或旋轉加速度、振動等。其可藉由加速度感測 器、迴轉儀、振動感測器等來量測。該追蹤模組之運動可提 供關於當前使用之運輸手段的資訊，其可指示物品是否確實 100135869 16 201220221 被運輸或其是否僅堆放於儲藏區域中 。此外，存在不能承受 超過某核限之加速度的敏感物品。使用加速度感測器，可檢 查沿著貨運之整個運輸路線是否符合此極限。 b)空氣壓力； 基於空氣壓力’可確定運輸物品之海拔高度。在飛行器之 機艙或貨艙中，與地面空氣壓力相比，空氣壓力亦減小。因 此’空氡壓力亦可提供關於當前所使用之運輸手段之資訊以 及補充自定位單元獲得之位置資訊。再次，敏感物品不可承 受給予範圍外之壓力。因此，使用空氣壓力感測器可檢查未 離開此範圍。 — C)濕度； 類似柃空氣壓力，飛行器之機艙或貨艙中之濕度在飛行期 間以特性方式改變。類似地，諸如船或卡車之其他運輸手段 j不其他特性濕度值或進展。因此，亦可使用濕度感測器之 頃數來暗示當前所使用之運輸手段及/或其當前狀態。由於 敏感物品通常不能耐受高或低濕度，因此監視濕度可再次確 保物品之環境不會對其有任何損害。 d)溫度； 類似於空氣壓力及濕度，溫度為另一環境參數，其可用以 暗示當前所使用之運輪手段，且再次，許多敏感物品易受給 予範圍外之溫度的損害。作為一範例，活的組織應保存在低 >jnL下，然而，其不應為冷;東的。相反，冷康食品之溫产不應 100135869 17 201220221 升高至-18°C以上等等。 e) 空栽i品質， 某些物品（諸如，食品或紡織品）不應曝露在受污染或不潔 之空氣下。因此，監視空氣品質允許確定物品在運輸期間是 否可能受到影響或損害。此外，若某些物品（諸如，化學或 生物材料）分解或釋放(例如，由於有缺陷之包裝），則其可能 影響周圍空氣之品質。在此等情況下，儘可能快地採取防範 措施可能為重要的。 f) 電池充電； 要監視之另一狀態可能為電池之充電，即，運輸貨品的消 耗電池電力之追蹤模組或包裝（若向其（例如）提供電池供電 之空氣調節、通風、加熱等）的電池。偵測低電池充電允許 採取諸如降低電池供電之組件的活動性的防範措施以便節 省能量或在下一個場合將物品取出以便替換電池或對電池 充電。 g) 聲音； 關於周圍噪音之資訊允許獲得關於當前運輸手段之指 示。此外，待運輸之一些貨品自身產生聲音，此允許監控其 狀態。 h) 液體之存在； 使用該追蹤模組之對應感測器偵測是否存在液體可能係 重要的。首先，若運輸液態物品，則藉由追蹤模組之感測器 100135869 18 201220221 i)先強度 在追縱模組與物品—起包 強度之實質弁〜 起匕裝在不透明包裝中之情況下，光 強度之貫貝升向可指示已打開 或追㈣纟ι( $ m ”）透月之匕裴 外部的情X下/之光感測器）配置於該包裳 外丨的It况下’置測光強度义 外，在光敏物以運㈣門確疋㈣之運輪手段。此 -運輸期間，可檢查與對應要求 j) 所掃描之字跡； 八之致性。 名追蹤模組可包含對字跡之掃描器。此允許 輸物品之收件人的簽名，且因此傳輸符合某些標準 認。類似地’為收件人提供了藉助於掃描器容易 3 交給發件人的可能性。 π心钕 k) 生物統計資料； 可對該追賴岐供生純計讀取器，諸如缺讀取 用於虹膜或面料狀相機。此允許確純件人之身分。二 為fc例，僅在藉由生物統計㈣確誠定收件人實際上 貨時，才可接受接收確認。 1)鍵盤輸入； 可對該追縱模組提供鍵盤。可使用通信單元將所鍵入(文 數字）資料傳達給經授權之接收端中之—者。作為範例，收 100135869 19 201220221 件人可將訊息提交給發件人。 m)重量； 通吊，知道運輸物品（包括包裝及追蹤模組）之重量為有用 的。為了獲得對應資訊，可對該追蹤模組提供一種秤：若該 追蹤模組位於包裝之最低處（或在運輸過程期間具有此位 置），則將能夠獲得重量資訊。然而，必須考慮到該包裝之 至少一部分的質量以及可能物品之一部分的質量將不會影 響到重量讀數。若在包裝之不同定向下取得許多個量測值且 若隨後以適當之方式對該等量測值求平均，則可改良重量資 訊。在較佳替代例中，使用該追蹤模組之加速度感測器來確 定整個貨物的重量，該加速度感測器量測貨物反作用於預定 義的力的加速度。此預定義的力在運輸服務之貨物處置設施 之對應台處作用於貨物上。該加速度感測器藉由無線信號啟 動或在偵測到由於許多經定義之脈衝之特性加速度型樣的 情況下被啟動。最後，代替在追蹤模組内具有感測器，可將 重量感測器（諸如，秤）配置於貨物處置設施處且使用無線通 信（諸如，無線電通信）將其量測值傳輸至追蹤模組。 η)影像資訊； 該追蹤模組可具備允許在視覺上監視貨物之周圍環境的 相機。由相機攝取之影像可因此向經授權接收端顯示’或其 可使用對應之影像處理方法來自動地分析。 〇)自第三方設備或系統獲得之資訊。 100135869 20 201220221 該追蹤模組可含有至由收件人擁有的物件、系統或設備之 介面（像安全符記或識別USB金鑰），以便提供使收件人正 確地識別自身或確保貨物到達正確的目的地的可能性。 原則上，藉由一個或幾個狀態感測器量測狀態參數(或複 數個狀態參數)允許： i.監視所運送之物品的環境狀況，確保物品未受影響地到 達其最終地址； η.更密切地監視運輸過程自身之品質（侧受中斷之運輸 或對物品或包裝之損害）； in.避免由於洩漏物質或類似物對貨物之周圍環境的損 害； iv.避免未經授權之動作，諸如未經授權之打開、偷竊（甚 至僅係貨物之一部分）等等。 在偵測到狀祕離預定義範圍及/或狀態之改變速率超過 某-值時便㈣-警報。崎報之觸發可直接在該追縱模組 中發生、在服務提供者之中央伺服器中發生，或僅在運輸服 務或終端㈣者之對鱗元巾發生。偏離預定圍包括超 過預定義之最大值或落在預定義之最小值以下。 舉例而言，若所量測之狀態參數指示可能損害運輸物品之 狀況，則可觸發警報。在此種情況下，觸發f報會觸發在運 輸物品之發件人處的替換遞送。此可甚至包括在此等物品之 製造商處生產㈣物品。此允許在m兄下(例如，當運 100135869 21 201220221 送對於病人生存必需之生物材料時)進行快速之替換遞送。 有利地，將經確定位置傳達給中央飼服器，且該中央祠服 器在地圖上向第-經授權之接收端顯示該位置及/或由當前 位置及先前位置構成的該追職組之路徑⑼品之路徑^可 視化允許追縱結果之方便使用者的傳達。使用者習慣於來自 現有服務(諸如，Google地圖或G〇〇gle地球等）之地圖顯示。 地圖上之顯示可能甚至係基於此等現有服務。 本發明性過程可包括再刷新追蹤模組之另一步驟，該步驟 至少包含電池之充電或替換、追縱模組之記憶體的刪除及另 -啟動之準備。此允許再用該設備、確保可靠性且避免未經 授權方濫㈣設備或濫用該設備料成未經授權之目的。 其他有利之具體例及特徵組合可自下文之詳細描述及整 個申請專利範圍中看出。 【實施方式】 圖1為本發明性方法之流程圖。旨在發送包裹之客戶（諸 如私人)别在郵局或另一店鋪且購買追縱設備(參見下文， 圖^及圖3)。在客戶想要發送貨物時，他遵照印在設備上 Γ、因此移除標記且操作按紐，此啟動該設備（步驟 1G1)，且將其放人將發送給收件人的包裹中（步驟1〇2)。 ' 接著則往郵局並以普通方式來郵寄包裹（步驟}们）。 · P政員工或甚至郵局都無需知道設備在貨物中 可在樞檯將設備插人至其貨物中，但在此種情況下，他需要 100135869 22 201220221 重:打開其貨物，此可能為麻煩的。在又一替代例中，-追 縱°又備可附接至該包裹(例如，膠點至包裹外部）。在此等替 、 之任者中’郵政員工將能夠向客戶解釋如何使用 該設備。 該#物將與任何其他包裹雜絲賴。在運輸期 將週期性地確定貨物之位置。在所描述之具體例中，使 用基於小區之定位來進行位置之確定，基於小區之定位已知 為如下：用於行動網路之發送器/接收器與小區站點通信。 小區站點之座標（經度/緯度)被視為在通信時貨物之位置。將 經確定位置（或小區：[D)及對應時間儲存於追蹤設備之記憶 體中。然而’最初，將不會自追蹤設備傳達此類資訊。 在某時，具有追蹤設備之包裹將經過經認證之檢查點，例 如運輪服務之自動包裹處理中心的對應台。此時將切換追蹤 設備以將其時間/位置資訊傳達至服務提供者之中央資料處 理系統（中央系統2〇〇)(步驟104)。中央系統200包含已知為 允許更新、處理及查詢儲存於中央系統200之儲存器内的資 料的資料庫引擎。第一通信（步驟105)將包括傳達與給予追 縱設備之運輸有關的所有先前儲存之資料(步驟105)。藉助 於亦用於定位之行動蜂巢式網路來實現通信。其可藉由標準 SMS文字訊息或藉由專用資料協定來實現。其後，週期性 地將收集到之資訊發送至中央系統200,諸如每小時（步驟 ... .......106.il)。通常，通信將包含一個以上之時間/位置 100135869 23 201220221 記錄，因為S己錄將被更頻繁地產生，諸如每15分鐘。若在 計劃好之通信時無法建立行動網路上之鏈路，則此將重試幾 次，諸如直至5次(每三分鐘一次h時間/位置資訊將儲存於 中央系統200中，並指派給追蹤設備之追蹤編號，其中每一 s己錄包括位置及時間資訊，諸如緯度及經度以及Gmt。 在已郵寄貨物之後且在當貨物經過經認證之檢查點時接 通通彳§之後’客戶將能夠使用服務(例如’基於web之入口） 來追蹤其貨物。為達成彼目的，自設備移除之標記載有追蹤 編號，可將該追蹤編號鍵入至線上服務之使用者介面中（步 驟151)。在此階段，客戶係知道此編號之唯一者。然而， 若他願意，他也可將追蹤編號傳輸至其他人，諸如收件人。 此亦將允許其他人將追縱編號鍵入至線上服務之使用者介 面（步驟161)。 服務提供者亦將能夠監視貨物。當正確地鍵入編號時，該 線上服務將諮詢中央系統2GG(分別為步驟152或步驟162) 以擷取追m視窗彈出以用於顯示一地圖，在該地圖 上以圖$標出f物之路徑（包括最後看到之位置)(分別為步 驟153或步驟163)。若追縱設備僅儲存小區ID，則此等小 區ID將映射至中央系坑咖中之地理座標，在中央系統2⑼ * 之位置為已知的或可自現有專門服務擷取該等 位置。 該地圖為交互式的，θ 且客戶可放大或縮小或到處移動。若 100135869 24 201220221 = 包走錯7路’則可插入與最終目 要仏有關之較文字以使客戶放心。此減少I個:欠 其貨物的處置出了供 因為懷疑 地圖上顯示之路徑係由自中央系統耀接收^數。 記錄所組成。當顯千# ]之_多個 田顯不地圖時，較佳地用線連接時間 點。除了 _之外(或作騎代例），表格 = 記錄’按時間升序U降序)地排序。最後，可存在 圖’該視圖僅顯示最近之位置(在地圖中或以文字形式）。日^ 間指不較佳㈣以使用者之#_間來全部給予。 除了路徑記錄之外，亦可顯示其他資訊，諸如設備之啟動 的時間及地點或其他特性事件（見下文）。 為了符合與資料保護有關之需求或為了防止激用（例如， 恐怖襲擊）’可限制提供給客戶之資訊，如下： 其僅在定位之後的預定延遲之後展示。該延遲可為固定的 (諸如，30分鐘）或其可在運輸過程内變化，例如取決於當前 運輸速度、當前位置等等。 追蹤不可為客戶所用，僅最後之位置為可用的。 為了避免一路由反向工程，使用者應無法在某一時間間隔 内自同一 IP位址登入多於給予次數的次數，諸如丨個小時 内不超過3次。 上文提到之所有資訊（包括在經過經認證之檢查點之前的 位置報告)可在設備自身上經篩選或僅在資料庫中經篩選。 1001358-69 25 201220221 在需要時’可展示更多資訊，像自從上次移動以來之時間。 替代性地或額外地，若服務之使用者想要獲得更詳細之資 訊，則其將必須識別自身（諸如，藉由數位ID或其他合適之 鑑識）。 在運輸期間，首先，在國際貨運之情況下，可能要打開包 裹’尤其由》每關機關打開。&裹之打開將由追縱設備之光感 測器偵測到（步驟i 07)。此觸發了當前位置之確定(步驟i叫 以及將彼位置傳達給中央系統2〇〇(步驟1 〇9)。中央系統2〇〇 將會將該位置與海關_之已知位置進行比較。若該等位置 匹配，則假定包裹由海關機關打開且不實現其他動作。若該 等位置不匹配，則將對應之記錄添加至貨物之路徑且在 追縱資訊日杨❹者料。麟地_代性地，將立即向使 2者通知有關該打開事件，諸如藉由電子郵件、SMS或另 一合適之通信手段。其後，將繼續追縱過程(步驟狐！..... 106.η)。 二終收件人收到貨物之後，亦將打開包 求收件人按下紅色触(步驟丨丨丨在"備上之其他指令來請 將會將對叙訊息發送至接收。 可供向客戶齡。再次，可立即^=步们12)且該訊息 收，較佳藉由聰。若在_到包裹^知有關其貨物之接 期間未確認接收，縣會將對 ^ 了狀後的某時段 100135869 〜之记錄添加至追蹤歷史。 26 201220221 最後，收件人可將設備投到任何郵筒中（步驟113)。其載 有服務提供者之再刷新中心的地址且將藉由商業答覆郵遞 來發送至彼地址(步驟114)。 該資料儲存於資料庫中且在某時段(例如，6個月）期間可 在網站上獲得。其後，最後可刪除該資料。 對於企業客戶而言，該過程可稍有不同，因為通常要在同 寺準備將要運送之大量包裹。'然而，原則上，企業客戶亦將 (手動也或自動地）自封套移除標記。由於此標記含有條碼， 因此可使⑽碼讀取器來讀取追蹤編號且在客戶之資料 :^指派至給予包裹。自彼時起，該f料庫將能夠將包裹 心派給追蹤㈣域之祕。“，該追賴 手段來儲存並傳輸至客j錯由其他 能夠登入線上服務。此情形將具有登入其自己之 帳戶從而允許以圖形或 地或—群或選隼化社㈣ 所有當前貨物(逐個 允許將2 有貨物)的可能性。此外，存在 成央糸統200之資訊與客戶之資料庫同步的介面。為 達成彼目的，web服務提供 、' 式設計介面）。 私供備社件的AH(應用程 私人以及企業客戶都可修改通知參數。設定標準值，但客 100135869 27 201220221 戶亦可叙貨物之特定參數’像添加電話號碼或移除一值。 客戶亦可包含動態貢訊’像將内部貨物編號指派給服務之追 蹤編號。 圖2為用在本發明性方法之背景下的追賴備之示意性 表示。圖2A展示包裝至一封套中之設備的正面，圖迚展 示包裝至該封套中之設備的背面。 當將設備300西己送至客戶日夺，其係包農在封套3〇1中的。 在使用期間，客戶不應打開該包|。客戶能夠使用設備3〇〇 之所有可功能性而不必打開包該包裝設備看似一封信 且含有使設備300可發送回至服務中心的所有必要之資 訊。為了遵守商業答覆郵件之國際標準，封套3〇1之最小尺 寸為140 mm X 90 其最大厚度為5 mm。請注意阻止 收件人打開封套’因為-旦打開封套，收件人便無法再使用 它來進行免費貨運。 在圖2A中展示之正面上，給封套3〇1提供指示3〇2，該 指示302係藉由國際商業答覆郵件來發送。此外，給封套 301提供服務提供者之中心的地址3〇3，在此處再刷新設備 300。最後，亦給封套301提供海關申報單304，其聲明封 套之内容無商業價值。 在使用之前’將用於發送位置及/或狀態資訊之預設位址 (諸如’ IP位址、電子郵件地址或電話號碼)儲存於設備3〇〇 内。此等位址在配送至客戶之前可由運輸服務改變，或其可 100135869 28 201220221 甚至在紐由經授權之執行個體使用設備_能夠連接至 之行動網路來改變。 如圖2B中展示之封套的背面之特徵為對於封套接收者之 指令311，該等指令指導其按下設備綱之按紐犯，按钮 312之位置係由顯著之紅色圓圈在封套上標出，且使用封套 3 01免費將追縱設備300發回。 可移除之標記313提供對於發件人之指令。指導發件人以 按下按鈕312歷時至少兩秒鐘以啟動該設備，其中將藉由配 置在按紐312旁邊及透過封套之材料閃光之LED閃光燈314 來確認啟動。此外，指導發件人以移除標記313且訪問所指 示之網際網路站點以獲得追蹤資訊。最後，標記313說明了 追蹤編號，追蹤編號可為（例如）包括一或多個檢查數位之j 〇 位數、以及追蹤編號之機器可讀表示（諸如，條碼）。此允許 自動地處理封套，例如由企業客戶。追蹤編號由服務提供者 配送且將能夠識別哪個合作者(運輸服務）已出售該設備。 自身包裝至封套301中之設備3〇〇包含至少在設備之主平 面中由發泡塑膠（或另一種減震材料)環繞的塑膠外殼，以使 得設備300之平面尺寸大致對應於封套301之内部空間，使 • 得設備300在運輸期間在封套301内實質上不移動。一印刷 電路板(PCB)含於該外殼内，承載電子組件以及電池、按鈕 312及LED閃光燈314。該外殼載有條碼（1維或2維條碼） 以在再刷新過程期間識別該設備。與追蹤編號相反，此編號 100)35869 29 201220221 對於設備而言為固定的且決不改變。 圖3展示設備300之方塊圖。其功能組件包含中央處理單 元(CPU)321及儲存器322、連接至天線324之GSM發送器 /接收器模組323、按鈕312及LED閃光燈314，其均連接 至CPU 321。所有組件係直接或間接地自諸如電池325之電 源來供應電力。在正常使用期間，電池將提供至少3〇天之 電力，通常約40天。GSM發送器/接收器模組323為將允 許在全世界之所有GSM網路中操作的四頻帶模組。 此外，設備300包含亦連接至CPU 321之光感測器326。 光感測器326包括經由外殼中之小開口而暴露於外殼外部 的光阻器。此允許量測穿透過封套之光。使用光感測器326 偵測光強度之突然增加，可偵測包裹之打開。在此事件中， 追蹤設備300試圖使用GSM發送器/接收器模組323來分別 獲得其當前位置或小區IDe其後，將再次使用GSM發送器 /接收器模組323將位置連同指示包裹之打開的代碼一起傳 達給中央資料庫。 在資料庫處，對應之引擎將檢查追蹤設備3〇〇之位置是否 匹配。 a) 海關辦公區之位置； b) 貨物之收件人的位置；或 c) 非 a)或 b)。 在情況a)中，將對應資訊(時間、事件「在海關辦公區處 10〇135869 30 201220221 打開」）以及普通之追蹤資訊_起儲存於一記錄中，該記錄 將可為使用者所用。 在情況b)中，亦將對應資訊添加至可由使用者存取之追 蹤資sfl，此時係作為普通之額外位置記錄。 • 在情況C)中，將警告發件人、收件人及/或運輸服務之特 . 定執行個體以便檢查貨物是否可能被盜或被未經授權之人 打開。 追蹤設備300可包含如上文提到之其他感測器。舉例而 吕，叮使用該等其他感測器以便監視敏感的運送物品之環境 (溫度、濕度、光強度、加速度等）。再次，偵測到在給予可 接受範圍外之值可觸發警報及將某些資料（各別參數之值， 具有或不具有位置資訊）傳達給資料庫且另外傳達給發件 人、收件人及/或運輸服務之特定執行個體。 如所提到，收件人具有將設備免費發送回至再刷新中心的 可能性。收件人僅必須將其投人至任何郵箱中且其被發送回 至中心。或者，收到設備之企業客戶可將其儲藏在某處且收 回一些錢以將其成批發送。 在再刷新中心中，將該設備取出封套外。接著，讀取印在 能備之外殼上的ID。接著，將可靠地抹除設備之儲^内 容。將接著檢查該設備是否可再使用。若不可，則將不可再 使用之原因鍵人至再刷新中心之資料庫中，以便具有供將^ 改良設備之壽命的資訊。若該設備可再使用，則將對電池再 100135869 31 201220221 充電或替換。 接著，執行系統檢查。若為肯定的，則將該設備放入新的 封套中且封閉該封套。 本电明不限於上文所揭示之較佳具體例。該方法或所使用 之設備的許乡祕可如雜狀介紹性料情提到一般 被改變。 舉例而言，可以不同方式來進行追縱設備之位置的確定。 如上文所提到’可使用由追職組或由其他手段收集到且傳 達至進行定位之地點的位置相依資訊來在㈣之外部（諸 如，在服務提供者之巾4統巾）執行位置之實際續定。另 外，此類#訊之收細及位置資缝触端之錢可由令心 系統而非由追縱設備自身來完全地或部分軸始、控制或禁 止0 具體而言且另外，代替LED閃光燈，可使用另一種手段， 諸如另-種光源、顯示器、振動單元或蜂鳴器。 可基於不同種類之網路/服務（諸如，在GSM、UMTS、 CDMA等上之電子郵件、⑽或職)使用不同協定來實 現位置及狀態資料之傳輸。 代替按下紅色按紅，可以不同方式來確認接收：作為範 例，收件人可在觸控螢幕上提供簽名，他或她可提供關於他 或她身刀的也明，諸如藉由向相機呈現普通的①或向對應 之-買取益呈現機益可讀ID。此外，追縱設備之特徵可為用 100135869 32 201220221 於感測收件人之生物統計特徵(諸如，指紋、虹膜、語音等) 的感測器。或者，收件人鍵入或呈現經由另一種通信方式獲 得之代碼以便證明他或她之身分。 此外，有可能在至再刷新中心之返程運輪期間繼續追蹤該 追蹤設備。將會將對應資訊發送至服務提供者之資料庫，但 其將不會為第三者所用。 總言之，請注意，本發明產生一種追蹤運輸物品之位置的 方法’該方法為可靠的且提供關於運輸過程的最新且全面之 資訊。 王 【圖式簡單說明】 用以解釋具體例之圖式展示： 圖1本發明性方法之流程圖； 圖2A、2B用在本發明性方法之背景下的追縱設備之示意 性表示；及 圖3 s亥追縱設備之方塊圖。 在圖中’將相同元件符號給予相同組件。 【主要元件符號說明】 200 中央系統 300 設備 301 封套 302 指示 303 服務提供者之中心的地址 100135869 33 201220221 304 311 312 313 314 321 322 323 324 325 326 海關申報單 指令 按钮 標記 LED閃光燈 中央處理單元 儲存器 GSM發送器/接收器模組 天線 電池 光感測器 100135869 34201220221 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of tracking the position of a transport item. [Prior Art] Various solutions have been proposed to track the location of goods to be transported, such as cargo containers, parcels, mail, or other items such as postal or courier services: transportation. Difficult so-called money resources are usually based on the satellites of the Global Positioning Line (GPS). In such solutions, a tracking unit, such as a GPS receiver, is attached to the item whose position is to be followed. The GPS receiver is capable of receiving signals from one or more satellites and can therefore confirm the location of the GPS reception. Once the location 'GPS Receive 2 has been determined by the GPS receiver, this information can be transmitted to the central server by means of the communication unit. This information from the central server can be used by the user of the service. Possible shortcomings of reporting and handling events in the asset tracking system include the high power consumption of the equipment involved (e.g., the tracking unit, its sensors, and its communication units). In addition, such tracking methods may be abused, such as by attaching a tracking unit to someone's clothing or belongings and then using the system to track the movement of the person. Therefore, in known solutions, the user's privacy dragon is not always protected in the best way. DE 44 04 195 Cl (AEG Postautomation GmbH) discloses a tracking unit comprising an acceleration sensor for monitoring the movement of a transport item. Correspondingly, the measured values are stored in the memory of the unit and analyzed at a central setting of 1 〇〇 135 869 4 201220221 to retroactively identify the progress of the used means of transport and the reconstruction of the transport wheel. The asset tracking system is based on the transport path along the goods (four), that is, in the distribution terminal, post office, airport, railway station, etc.). Use the material detector to track the shipment of items. To achieve an object, something or thing. The mouth of the farmer usually has a visual display such as bar code or Lai _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ However, these chasing systems generally have a leaky infrastructure that requires a tag reading device throughout the distribution chain. This leads to high costs, especially if (4) the system will function in essentially the world. Out = ΓΓ availability outside the sender usually expects the item to arrive =1: Receive a reliable receipt response. Usually, the negative passenger of the shipping service asks the recipient to name it and will forward the signature to the service center. The service center will notify the sender accordingly, and the signed person will hang with the actual recipient. No, this is the case, the sender does not receive the goods. Whether the recipient is true, for example, about its geometry, the amount of information that can be tracked, the capital or the timeliness of the reported information [invention] Until now, 'known devices can not meet all requirements, Fengdou It private protection The problem, the system is thus the purpose of the present invention is to produce a fish-off method for tracking the position of the transport article. In the technical field, the 4 W method is reliable and provides the latest in the transportation process 100135869 5 201220221 Section of the Invention; According to the invention, the method = the feature designation of the first item of the scope. Root a) provides a tracking module including a common one and a confirmation unit;) packaging the wheel module and the transport article packaging longitudinal module and the transport article in a common package; Determining the location of the tracking module; d) determining the location #, 达,, -5 - the first authorized receiving end; e) using the transported object immediately after receiving the transported object The communication unit will communicate with a receiving acknowledgement to a second authorized receiving end. The confirmation unit is part of the tracking module to allow the recipient's receipt confirmation to be quickly and easily transferred to the sender. In addition, (4) check the location of the tracking group when it is allowed to confirm the location of the tracking unit. This allows the inspection of the shirt to actually reach its destination. Usually, there will be a follow-up provider (in the following section: "Service Provider"), and the tracking service provider will deliver the material tracking module to the user (directly or via (4) such as postal or (4) service provider. Collaborators), operate the central server and database, collect the modules used, and so on. In addition, there will be a transportation service that actually transports items such as cargo containers, parcels, mail, or other items including the tracking modules to the service provider and transportation services in various ways. The situation may even be the same as the two companies responsible for the two services. Please note that the first-authorized recipient may be the sender of the item and the recipient's but may also be a service provider, a transportation service or even an authorized third party to include such a known data processing system. Similarly, the second authorized receiving h can be a human sender, a service provider, a shipping service, or an authorized third party' including (4) processing systems of such entities. Thus, the first authorized access and the second authorized access (4) may be the same person, service or entity or person, service or entity. It is expected that the above mentioned information can be simultaneously or continuously transmitted to a plurality of receiving ends. - The authorized receiving end may forward the information to other receiving ends or make the information available to other authorized receiving ends. As an embodiment, the information can be communicated to the central health device of the transportation service, and at the central health device, the information can be made to be able to track the person (4) and correct the information (through the sender) And the recipient) used. In detail, the communication list IT includes a transmitter and a receiver for a wireless network such as a cellular radio network. The communication unit and the confirmation unit may be separate components of the tracking module, or they may be partially or fully integrated (e.g., by sharing a common central processing unit, memory, and/or power supply). The tracking module can be placed in a common package with the items to be transported. Alternatively, the tracking module can be attached to, for example, such items or packages, ^ 100135869 7 201220221 which can be part of the split. The position of the tracking module is determined partially or completely at the tracking module itself, for example, by a dedicated positioning unit of the tracking module. Alternatively, the location is determined partially or completely at the service facilitator or the second party's word server. In order to confirm the location, information that has been collected by the tracking module itself (such as GPS data or information received from a wireless communication network (such as a cellular network or an accessible WLAN network) can be used) and / Or information that has been obtained from other sources, such as from the wireless communication network itself. Correspondingly, in the first specific example of the present invention, the tracking module comprises a positioning unit, the positioning unit comprises a GPS receiver, and the GPS data is used, and the λ order is used; 11 is sufficient to determine the position of the tracking module. No need to interact with other services. In a second embodiment of the present invention, data received from a wireless communication network (such as a cellular network or an accessible WLAN network) is transmitted to a feed of a service provider and/or a dedicated location service. The server is configured to determine the location of the tracking module based on the data received from the shoulder path, that is, to achieve positioning outside the tracking module. Suitable information may include ssm of the WLAN network or information relating to one or several cells of the cellular network, such as a cell ID (e.g., obtained from the BCCH) or a fine value. This information can be downloaded from the original form or after the pre-processing to the other service. In addition, the location may be determined using even other techniques (such as radio frequency identification, etc.) or using data obtained from a wireless communication network to which the communication unit of the tracking module is connected. 100135869 201220221 The inventive party (4) is in line with the tracking of 彳§, parcels or other items transported by means of rural transport means (such as trucks, boats, railways and aircraft, including passenger aircraft) (iv) such as postal or fast chores. . In principle, the inventive method works for all types of freight (like economic or express) and is independent of the new infrastructure in the field of transport services. Depending on the type of communication unit, the system can function substantially in the world. In a preferred embodiment, the network used is based on a cellular mobile network such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and the transmitter/receiver can be as much as possible. Communication on the frequency band. However, in principle, the system is suitable for providing all current and future wireless networks covered by a particular area covered by the service. Where the system is to be used in other countries or regions, it does not require substantial adaptation and can be easily integrated into the transportation service system. Preferably, the device includes an open sensor, wherein the opening of the package is detected by the read open sensor and communicated to the authorized receiving end using the communication unit. The opening of the package is an important event. In particular, it can be an indication that the item is in the hands of the recipient, that the item is inspected at the customs office or is not authorized. One or more of these options may be excluded depending on the time and location of the item being shipped. Knowing that the package is opened, the sender or shipping service can take appropriate action. In the case of unauthorized opening, an alternative delivery can be ordered, and the sensitive material stored on the mobile device being transported can be deleted in the remote book, or can be activated by the catching % mailing person at 100135869 201220221 Bao Jun is even, Teng,,, Ma. In other cases, it helps the fact that the sender is open. In the case of a packaged hand that has not been urgently available for a period of time, it is necessary to send perishable items, live plants or animals. The recipient can be notified about opening the package as soon as possible = two of this open sensor contains - light sensing 11. If the package is substantially opaque, then the 隹f worm 24 is covered by the 丄 clothing: the 可靠 贝 上 的 的 可靠 可靠 可靠 可靠 可靠 贝 贝 贝 贝 贝 贝 贝 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r Such as mechanical car 曰 I heart. However, most of the packaging is not soundproof, and a complex analysis of the sound of the 4 is made to make the sound related to the opening of the package. In addition, mechanical sensors typically require some adjustment to the geometry or placement of the module. While it may be suitable for integration into packaging (such as cardboard boxes or plastic containers) t, it is suitable for stand-alone modules that should be available for most containers and packages to be shipped. In some embodiments, it may be useful to activate the validation unit upon detection of the opening of the package by the open sensor. Typically, the exterior of the package will display the corresponding label 'notify that the opening of the recipient's package will correspond to confirm receipt of the item. To avoid false positive detection, the actuation can be delayed until the open condition has continued for some amount of time. As an example, where the open sensor includes a light sensor, the confirmation unit can be actuated three minutes after detecting the increased light intensity. The validation unit can be controlled using data obtained from other sensors mentioned below. For example, the validation unit can receive data from the 100135869 10 201220221 I & scanner to ensure that a given recipient is actually opened and confirmed to be received. After the reconnaissance 1 is opened to the package, the confirmation of the receipt can be conveyed to the receiving party of the Λ Λ right only when the tracking module is determined to be within the geographical area of the red 疋. For example, only when the determined position of the tracking module is within a certain distance from the address to which the object will be transported, can it be conveyed that the specific example is replaced by the specific model. The confirmation is communicated when it is determined that the location is not within a certain distance of the excluded geographic area of each of the customs offices. _ can be compared to the geographic H-domain that is included or excluded from the tracking group or at the service provider's towel. In the case of the opening of the package, in the vicinity of one of the excluded areas where the determined position is neither in the final destination (4) nor in the area where the packaging may be opened ^ ' can convey the alarm message to the sender or transport service. In the "his specific example" the confirmation unit is actuated by manual operation of the actuator. Thus, the recipient confirms the pair by operating an actuator, such as pressing a button external to the tracking module. Receiving of the item. Even in one particular example, it is preferred to have an open sensor as this allows the notification item to have reached its destination (based on the determined position), the package has been opened but the reception has not been (not yet) confirmed. In the specific example, 'actuating the 4 units by direct communication with the local transmitter allows the acceptance of the receipt of the item and the opening of the package, even in the case of automatically processing the received item at 100135869 201220221. The activation may occur in different ways: first, the local transmitter may cause the acknowledgment unit to actively or passively transmit a k-number, such as an electromagnetic signal identifying itself. To achieve this, the acknowledgment unit may, for example, include a transmitter or include RFID tag. The local transmitter is connected to a local system, the local system itself confirms the communication to the second directly or via the service provider's central server Authorized receiving end. In order to ensure that the authenticity is true, the local system will transmit the identification code read from the RFID tag or submitted by the transmitter of the °H tracking module. In another specific example, the local transmitter The self will be identified at the tracking module, and the module itself will communicate the receipt confirmation to the second authorized receiver, including the local transmitter, either directly or via the service provider's central server. Identification information. The tracking module includes an activation unit, wherein the location of the tracking module is determined and/or the position of the tracking module is communicated to the first unit only after the activation unit is actuated. The receiving end of the Qing. This ensures that the location information is collected and communicated only after the sender has started (ie, the item is in the way). This saves the charging status of the f pool of the follow-up group. In some specific examples, the booting may include turning on the module, that is, providing power to the electronic device of the module. Preferably, the module is already in a standby state τ before starting, and the startup is intended. That the module starts Communicate with the service provider's central ship and database to allow for the determination of its location and its location to the first authorized end. Alternatively, initiate a change to 100135869 12 201220221 f material collection, determination of the location of the tracking module or operation of the confirmation of the position to the first authorized end. The actuator may be operated by a button (such as the button outside the tracking mode group) Manual operation to activate the starter unit. This solution is simple, easy to use, and • does not require any additional equipment at the sender. Preferably, the same component constitutes the actuator of the validation unit and the activation The actuator of the unit. In detail, the component is, for example, a button disposed outside the tracking module. This allows for a tracking module obtained by a single control element. This situation reduces complexity and space requirements. In addition, possible ambiguities in the operation of the device are avoided. As an alternative to a button, other types of actuators can be used, such as a switch or a sliding cup or even a touch screen. In any case, preferably, the actuator can be clearly seen even by a person with visual impairments. As an alternative to manual actuation, the activation unit can be actuated by direct communication with a local transmitter. This situation allows the module to be simply activated even when the item to be sent is automatically processed. In a preferred embodiment, the activation unit is coupled to the receiver. Once the receiver picks up the corresponding signal from the local transmitter, the activation unit is automatically actuated. The local transmitter can transmit other information to the tracking module, such as information about the geometry, weight, destination, or vulnerability of the packaged item. As an alternative to determining and communicating the location only after being actuated by the activation unit, the tracking module can continuously determine the location and send the corresponding information to the service provider's central server. However, this situation will require the service provider to ensure the privacy of the user, that is, 'until the tracking module is detected to be in transit', the service provider will not permanently store the location information or communicate the information. To a third party. Preferably, the determined location is communicated to the first authorized recipient to permanently deactivate the activation after activation of the validation unit. This means that until the device is reset by the provider of the tracking service, the receiving terminal, shipping service or other user will not restart the tracking module, so that any positioning information is communicated to S Hai first authorized. The receiving end. This avoids reusing the same device if it is not properly serviced and/or not properly reassigned to the new tracking performer. In addition, it avoids the abuse of the device by the receiving end or a third party for other purposes. Advantageously, the determined location is communicated to the first authorized recipient only when the tracking module passes the authenticated checkpoint of the transportation service. This ensures that the tracking capability of the tracking module can only be used in the context of the shipping process performed by an authorized transportation service. This prohibits the abuse of equipment: on the one hand, it cannot be used for purposes other than tracking the items transported by the transport service, and on the other hand 'the equipment cannot be used by other transport services that do not have authorization from the provider of the tracking service. use. In addition, as an alternative to starting by manual operation of the actuator, the tracking module may only be activated when the tracking module passes the authenticated checkpoint. This will ensure that each tracking module is activated and that the tracking module is "sleep" due to the sender forgetting to start. However, this would mean that traceability tracking information would not be sent to an authorized receiver before passing a certified checkpoint. Preferably, the location determined prior to passing the authenticated checkpoint is retroactively communicated to the first authorized recipient. This allows a complete history of the transportation process to be provided to the first authorized receiving end, although the location information is transmitted after passing the checkpoint. Advantageously, the location information is communicated to the first authorized recipient (including the service provider's database or vessel for making the information available to the user) at predetermined time intervals. In ordinary transportation (4), it is usually sufficient to obtain position information every hour or every minute. By limiting the number of communications in this way, the state of charge of the battery being chased is saved. This allows the module to be built in a more compact manner, which extends the application area of the tracking module to smaller packages (e.g., blister envelopes or even plain letter envelopes). In a preferred eight-body example, the transmission of the location information occurs only after the determination of the separation of the time at the location of the tracking mode, and then the determined location is traced back to the first place. The receiving end of the right. This largely preserves the power saving effect of communication compared to the number of ruts. ‘However, at the same time, corresponds to the number of position determinations; <The situation compares with a better resolution to intercept and trace the path of the object. In addition, if the position indication to the side - the situation of the alarm - then the tracking device can respond accordingly (see below 100135869 15 201220221 advantageously, in the close monitoring mode of the tracking module, determine the location information and in a shorter period The time interval communicates it to the first authorized recipient, wherein the close monitoring mode can be initiated by an authorized person. This allows for quick access to up-to-date location information (and status information, if applicable). The person may be the first authorized recipient, the second authorized recipient, the transportation service, and/or an authorized third party. In addition to being activated by an authorized person, 'if certain conditions are met ( For example, the time and/or position, the measurement of the state sensor, etc.) can automatically initiate the close monitoring mode. The close monitoring mode can be initiated for a certain time interval (which can be fixedly scheduled or determined) In addition, the close monitoring mode may be revoked by the authorized person or may be withdrawn upon receipt of the confirmation or cancellation of the tracking module. Preferably, the tracking module monitors at least one state parameter measured by the state sensor. Communicating state information derived from the 5H state parameter to one of the authorized receiving ends. The type of state parameter measured, which broadens the field of application. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the monitored state comprises at least one of: a) motion; this includes linear or rotational acceleration, Vibration, etc. It can be measured by an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope, a vibration sensor, or the like. The movement of the tracking module provides information about the currently used means of transportation, which can indicate whether the item is shipped or whether it is only stacked in the storage area. In addition, there are sensitive items that cannot withstand acceleration above a certain limit. Using an accelerometer, you can check that the entire shipping route along the shipment meets this limit. b) Air pressure; based on air pressure 'determines the altitude of the transported item. In the cabin or cargo hold of an aircraft, the air pressure is also reduced compared to the ground air pressure. Therefore, the 'open air pressure' can also provide information on the means of transport currently used and the location information obtained from the positioning unit. Again, sensitive items cannot be subjected to pressure outside the scope of giving. Therefore, the air pressure sensor can be used to check that it has not left this range. — C) Humidity; similar to helium air pressure, the humidity in the nacelle or cargo hold of an aircraft changes in a characteristic manner during flight. Similarly, other means of transport, such as a ship or truck, have no other characteristic humidity values or progression. Therefore, the number of humidity sensors can also be used to indicate the current means of transport and/or its current status. Since sensitive items are often unable to withstand high or low humidity, monitoring humidity can again ensure that the environment of the item does not cause any damage. d) Temperature; similar to air pressure and humidity, temperature is another environmental parameter that can be used to imply the currently used wheel means, and again, many sensitive items are susceptible to damage outside the range. As an example, living tissue should be kept at low >jnL, however, it should not be cold; east. On the contrary, the warmth of cold food should not rise to -18 °C, etc., 100135869 17 201220221 and so on. e) Empty quality, certain items (such as food or textiles) should not be exposed to contaminated or dirty air. Therefore, monitoring air quality allows for determining whether an item may be affected or damaged during transportation. In addition, if certain items, such as chemical or biological materials, decompose or are released (for example, due to defective packaging), they may affect the quality of the surrounding air. In such cases, it may be important to take precautions as quickly as possible. f) battery charging; another state to be monitored may be the charging of the battery, ie the tracking module or packaging for the consumption of battery power of the shipment (if provided to, for example, battery-powered air conditioning, ventilation, heating, etc.) Battery. Detecting low battery charging allows for precautions such as reducing the activity of battery powered components to save energy or to remove items in the next case to replace or charge the battery. g) Sound; information about ambient noise allows for instructions on current means of transportation. In addition, some of the items to be shipped produce sounds themselves, which allows monitoring of their status. h) The presence of liquid; it may be important to use the corresponding sensor of the tracking module to detect the presence of liquid. First, if the liquid product is transported, the sensor 100135869 18 201220221 i) of the tracking module first) the strength of the tracking module and the article - the strength of the package strength 匕 ~ in the case of opaque packaging, The light intensity rises to indicate that it has been turned on or chased (four) 纟ι( $ m ”) through the outside of the moon, and the light sensor is placed under the condition of the bag. In the case of measuring the light intensity, the photosensitive material is transported by (4) the door (4). This - during transportation, the handwriting scanned by the corresponding requirement j) can be checked; The scanner of the handwriting. This allows the recipient of the item to be signed, and therefore the transmission conforms to certain criteria. Similarly, 'provides the recipient with the possibility of being handed over to the sender by means of the scanner. π Heart 钕 k) biometric data; can be used to supply the pure reader, such as lack of reading for iris or fabric camera. This allows the identity of the person to be pure. The second is fc, only in It is acceptable to accept the actual goods by biostatistics (4). Confirmation: 1) Keyboard input; keyboard can be provided for the tracking module. The communication unit can be used to communicate the typed (literature) data to the authorized receiving end. As an example, 100135869 19 201220221 The message can be submitted to the sender. m) Weight; It is useful to know the weight of the transported item (including the packaging and tracking module). In order to obtain the corresponding information, a scale can be provided for the tracking module: The tracking module is located at the lowest point of the package (or has this position during the transportation process) and will be able to obtain weight information. However, it must be considered that the quality of at least a portion of the package and the quality of one of the possible items will not be affected. Weight reading. If a plurality of measurements are taken in different orientations of the package and the average is subsequently averaged in an appropriate manner, the weight information can be improved. In a preferred alternative, the tracking module is used. An acceleration sensor to determine the weight of the entire cargo, the acceleration sensor measuring the acceleration of the cargo against a predefined force. This predefined The force acts on the cargo at the corresponding station of the cargo handling facility of the transport service. The acceleration sensor is activated by a wireless signal or is detected upon detection of a characteristic acceleration pattern due to a number of defined pulses. Instead of having a sensor within the tracking module, a weight sensor, such as a scale, can be deployed at the cargo handling facility and its measurements transmitted to the tracking module using wireless communication, such as radio communication. η) image information; the tracking module may be provided with a camera that allows visual monitoring of the surrounding environment of the cargo. The image captured by the camera may thus be displayed to the authorized recipient 'or it may be automatically analyzed using the corresponding image processing method 〇) Information obtained from third-party devices or systems. 100135869 20 201220221 The tracking module can contain interfaces to objects, systems or devices owned by the recipient (like security tokens or USB keys) to provide The possibility of the recipient correctly identifying himself or ensuring that the goods arrive at the correct destination. In principle, measuring the state parameter (or a plurality of state parameters) by one or several state sensors allows: i. monitoring the environmental condition of the item being transported, ensuring that the item arrives at its final address unaffected; η. Monitor the quality of the transport process more closely (side-side disrupted transport or damage to items or packaging); in. avoid damage to the surrounding environment of the cargo due to spilled substances or analogues; iv. avoid unauthorized actions, Such as unauthorized opening, theft (even just one part of the goods) and so on. (4)-Alarm when it is detected that the rate of change from the predefined range and/or state exceeds a certain value. The trigger of the Qiqi report can occur directly in the tracking module, in the central server of the service provider, or only in the transport service or the terminal (4). Deviation from the predetermined circumference includes exceeding a predefined maximum or falling below a predefined minimum. For example, an alarm may be triggered if the measured status parameter indicates a condition that may damage the item being transported. In this case, triggering the f report triggers an alternate delivery at the sender of the transported item. This may even include the production of (d) items at the manufacturer of such items. This allows for rapid replacement delivery under the m brother (for example, when sending 100135869 21 201220221 to deliver biomaterials necessary for patient survival). Advantageously, the determined location is communicated to the central feeding device, and the central server displays the location on the map to the first authorized receiving end and/or the tracking group consisting of the current location and the previous location Path (9) The path of the product ^ visualization allows the user to convey the results of the tracking. Users are accustomed to displaying maps from existing services such as Google Maps or G〇〇gle Earth. The display on the map may even be based on such existing services. The inventive process may include the further step of refreshing the tracking module, the step including at least charging or replacing of the battery, deletion of the memory of the tracking module, and preparation for another startup. This allows reuse of the device, ensures reliability, and avoids unauthorized use of the device or misuse of the device for unauthorized purposes. Other advantageous specific examples and combinations of features can be seen from the detailed description below and the scope of the entire patent application. Embodiments Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention. Customers who intend to send packages (such as private) do not shop at the post office or another store (see below, Figure 2 and Figure 3). When the customer wants to send the goods, he follows the printed on the device, so remove the mark and operate the button, this starts the device (step 1G1), and puts it in the package that will be sent to the recipient (steps) 1〇2). ' Then go to the post office and mail the parcels in the usual way (steps). · P officials and even post offices do not need to know that the equipment can be inserted into the goods at the pivot in the goods, but in this case, he needs 100135869 22 201220221 weight: open its goods, this may be troublesome . In yet another alternative, the chase angle can be attached to the package (e.g., glue dots to the outside of the package). In this case, the postal staff will be able to explain to the customer how to use the device. The #物 will be mixed with any other package. The location of the goods will be determined periodically during the transport period. In the particular example described, cell-based positioning is used for location determination, and cell-based positioning is known as follows: The transmitter/receiver for the mobile network communicates with the cell site. The coordinates of the cell site (longitude/latitude) are considered to be the location of the goods at the time of communication. The determined location (or cell: [D) and corresponding time are stored in the memory of the tracking device. However, initially, such information will not be conveyed from the tracking device. At some point, the package with the tracking device will pass through a certified checkpoint, such as the corresponding station of the automated parcel processing center for the wheel service. The tracking device will now be switched to communicate its time/location information to the service provider's central data processing system (Central System 2) (step 104). The central system 200 includes a database engine known to allow updating, processing, and querying of data stored in the storage of the central system 200. The first communication (step 105) will include communicating all previously stored material related to the transportation to the tracking device (step 105). Communication is achieved by means of an operational cellular network that is also used for positioning. It can be implemented by standard SMS text messages or by proprietary data protocols. Thereafter, the collected information is periodically sent to the central system 200, such as every hour (step ... . . . 106.il). Typically, the communication will contain more than one time/location 100135869 23 201220221 records, since S records will be generated more frequently, such as every 15 minutes. If the link on the mobile network cannot be established during the planned communication, this will be retried several times, such as up to 5 times (every three minutes, time/location information will be stored in the central system 200 and assigned to the tracking). Tracking number of equipment, each of which includes location and time information, such as latitude and longitude, and Gmt. After the goods have been mailed and when the goods pass the certified checkpoint, the customer will be able to A service (eg, a 'web-based portal') is used to track its goods. To achieve this, the tag removed from the device contains a tracking number that can be entered into the user interface of the online service (step 151). At this stage, the customer knows the only number of the number. However, he can also transfer the tracking number to other people, such as the recipient, if he wishes. This will also allow others to type the tracking number into the online service. User interface (step 161). The service provider will also be able to monitor the goods. When the number is entered correctly, the online service will consult the central system 2GG (step 152 or Step 162) popping up the window to display a map, and mark the path of the f object (including the last seen position) on the map with the figure $ (step 153 or step 163 respectively). If the vertical device only stores the cell ID, then these cell IDs will be mapped to the geographic coordinates in the central system, where the location of the central system 2(9)* is known or can be retrieved from existing specialized services. Interactive, θ and the customer can zoom in or out or move around. If 100135869 24 201220221 = Packing the wrong 7 way', you can insert the text related to the final target to reassure the customer. This reduces I: owe it The disposal of the goods is due to the fact that the path displayed on the map is received by the central system. The records are composed. When the display of the thousands of fields is not a map, it is better to use the line to connect the time points. In addition to _ (or as a ride), the table = record 'sequential ascending in descending order of U'. Finally, there can be a graph 'this view shows only the nearest location (in the map or in text form). It is not preferable to refer to the day (4). In addition to path records, other information can be displayed, such as when and where the device was launched or other feature events (see below). In order to comply with the need for data protection or to prevent abuse (eg, terrorist attacks), the information provided to the customer may be limited as follows: It is only displayed after a predetermined delay after the location. The delay may be fixed (such as 30 minutes) or it may vary during transportation, such as depending on current shipping speed, current location, and the like. Tracking is not available to customers, only the last location is available. In order to avoid a route reverse engineering, the user should not be able to log in more than the number of times of giving from the same IP address within a certain time interval, such as no more than 3 times in the hour. All of the information mentioned above, including location reports prior to certified checkpoints, can be screened on the device itself or filtered only in the database. 1001358-69 25 201220221 'More information can be displayed when needed, like the time since the last move. Alternatively or additionally, if the user of the service wants to obtain more detailed information, it will have to identify itself (such as by a digital ID or other suitable forense). During transportation, first of all, in the case of international shipments, it may be necessary to open the package 'especially' by each authority. The & wrap open will be detected by the light sensor of the tracking device (step i 07). This triggers the determination of the current position (step i calls and communicates the position to the central system 2 〇〇 (step 1 〇 9). The central system 2 〇〇 will compare the location with the known location of the customs _ if If the positions match, it is assumed that the parcel is opened by the customs authorities and no other actions are taken. If the positions do not match, the corresponding records are added to the path of the goods and the information is on the information day. Sexually, the opener will be notified immediately about the open event, such as by email, SMS or another suitable means of communication. Thereafter, the process will continue to be pursued (step fox!..... 106.η After the final recipient receives the goods, it will also open the package and ask the recipient to press the red button (step 丨丨丨 on the other instructions on the standby), please send the message to the reception. For the age of the customer. Again, you can immediately ^= step 12) and the message is received, preferably by Satoshi. If the _to the parcel knows that the receipt of the goods is not confirmed, the county will A certain period of time 100135869 ~ the record is added to the tracking history. 26 201220221 Thereafter, the recipient can place the device in any mail box (step 113). It carries the address of the service provider's refresh center and will be sent to the address by commercial reply (step 114). It can be obtained on the website in the database and during a certain period of time (for example, 6 months). After that, the information can be deleted at the end. For corporate customers, the process can be slightly different because it is usually in the same temple. Prepare a large number of packages to be shipped. 'However, in principle, corporate customers will also (manually or automatically) remove the tag from the envelope. Since this tag contains a bar code, the (10) code reader can read the tracking number and In the customer's information: ^ assigned to the package. Since then, the f library will be able to send the package heart to the secret of the tracking (four) domain. ", the means of recovery to store and transmit to the customer j wrong by other Log in to the online service. This situation will have the possibility to log in to its own account to allow all current shipments (by 2 per order) to be graphically or geographically or grouped or selected (four). The interface between the information of 200 and the database of the customer is synchronized. In order to achieve the goal, the web service provides the 'design interface'. The AH for private provisioning (the application private and enterprise customers can modify the notification parameters. Set the standard value) However, the customer can also specify the specific parameters of the goods 'like adding a phone number or removing a value. The customer can also include the dynamic newsletter' like the tracking number of the internal goods number assigned to the service. Figure 2 is used in A schematic representation of a recovery in the context of the inventive method. Figure 2A shows the front side of the device packaged in a sleeve, showing the back of the device packaged into the envelope. The customer has a day, and the department is in the cover of 3〇1. Customers should not open the package during use. The customer is able to use all of the functionality of the device without having to open the package. The packaging device appears to be a letter and contains all the necessary information to enable device 300 to send back to the service center. In order to comply with the international standard for commercial reply mail, the minimum size of the envelope 3〇1 is 140 mm X 90 and its maximum thickness is 5 mm. Be careful to prevent the recipient from opening the envelope. Because the envelope is opened, the recipient can no longer use it for free shipping. On the front side shown in Fig. 2A, an envelope 3〇1 is provided with an indication 3〇2, which is sent by an international commercial reply mail. In addition, the envelope 301 is provided with the address 3〇3 of the center of the service provider, where the device 300 is refreshed. Finally, the envelope 301 is also provided with a customs declaration form 304, which states that the contents of the envelope are of no commercial value. Pre-addresses (such as 'IP addresses, email addresses or phone numbers') used to transmit location and/or status information are stored in device 3〇〇 prior to use. These addresses may be changed by the transportation service before being delivered to the customer, or they may be changed even by the authorized individual execution device_operating network to which the authorized device is connected. The back side of the envelope as shown in Figure 2B is characterized by an instruction 311 for the envelope receiver that directs it to press the button of the device, and the position of the button 312 is marked on the envelope by a prominent red circle. The tracking device 300 is sent back free of charge using the envelope 3 01. The removable mark 313 provides instructions to the sender. The sender is instructed to activate the device by pressing button 312 for at least two seconds, wherein activation is confirmed by LED flash 314 disposed adjacent to button 312 and flashing through the material of the envelope. In addition, the sender is directed to remove the tag 313 and access the indicated internet site to obtain tracking information. Finally, reference numeral 313 illustrates the tracking number, which can be, for example, a number of digits including one or more check digits, and a machine readable representation of the tracking number (such as a bar code). This allows the envelope to be processed automatically, for example by a corporate customer. The tracking number is delivered by the service provider and will be able to identify which collaborator (transportation service) has sold the device. The device 3 that is itself packaged into the envelope 301 comprises a plastic outer casing surrounded by foamed plastic (or another shock absorbing material) in at least the main plane of the device such that the planar dimensions of the device 300 substantially correspond to the interior of the envelope 301 The space allows the device 300 to not substantially move within the envelope 301 during transport. A printed circuit board (PCB) is contained within the housing and carries electronic components and batteries, buttons 312 and LED flash 314. The housing carries a barcode (1- or 2-dimensional barcode) to identify the device during the refresh process. Contrary to the tracking number, this number 100) 35869 29 201220221 is fixed for the device and never changes. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of device 300. The functional components include a central processing unit (CPU) 321 and a storage 322, a GSM transmitter/receiver module 323 connected to the antenna 324, a button 312, and an LED flash 314, all of which are coupled to the CPU 321 . All components are powered directly or indirectly from a source such as battery 325. During normal use, the battery will provide at least 3 days of power, usually about 40 days. The GSM Transmitter/Receiver Module 323 is a quad band module that will allow operation in all GSM networks throughout the world. Additionally, device 300 includes a light sensor 326 that is also coupled to CPU 321 . Photosensor 326 includes a photoresist that is exposed to the exterior of the housing via a small opening in the housing. This allows measurement of light that has passed through the envelope. The light sensor 326 is used to detect a sudden increase in light intensity to detect the opening of the package. In this event, the tracking device 300 attempts to obtain its current location or cell IDe using the GSM transmitter/receiver module 323, respectively, and will again use the GSM transmitter/receiver module 323 to open the location along with the indication package. The code is communicated to the central repository together. At the database, the corresponding engine will check if the location of the tracking device 3 matches. a) the location of the customs office; b) the location of the recipient of the goods; or c) not a) or b). In case a), the corresponding information (time, event "Open at Customs office area 10 〇 135869 30 201220221") and normal tracking information are stored in a record which will be available to the user. In case b), the corresponding information is also added to the traceable sfl that can be accessed by the user, which is recorded as a normal extra location. • In case C), the sender, the recipient and/or the transport service will be warned to execute the individual to check if the goods may be stolen or opened by an unauthorized person. Tracking device 300 can include other sensors as mentioned above. For example, Lu, 叮 use these other sensors to monitor the environment (temperature, humidity, light intensity, acceleration, etc.) of sensitive items. Again, detecting a value outside the acceptable range triggers an alert and communicates certain data (values of individual parameters, with or without location information) to the database and otherwise communicates to the sender, recipient And/or specific execution entities of the transportation service. As mentioned, the recipient has the possibility to send the device back to the refresh center free of charge. The recipient only has to vote for it in any mailbox and it is sent back to the center. Alternatively, corporate customers who receive the equipment can store it somewhere and collect some money to send it in bulk. In the refresh center, remove the device from the outside of the envelope. Next, read the ID printed on the available housing. Next, the contents of the device will be reliably erased. It will then check if the device is reusable. If not, the reason for the non-reusable reason is to re-refresh the center's database so that there is information for the life of the improved device. If the device is reusable, the battery will be recharged or replaced with 100135869 31 201220221. Next, perform a system check. If it is positive, place the device in a new envelope and close the envelope. The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments disclosed above. The method or the equipment used in the equipment can be changed as mentioned in the mixed introduction. For example, the determination of the location of the tracking device can be done in different ways. As mentioned above, 'location-dependent information collected by a team of pursuers or by other means and communicated to the location where the location is located may be used outside of (4) (such as in the service provider's towel). Actual renewal. In addition, the amount of such information and the position of the slot can be completely or partially started, controlled or disabled by the heart system rather than by the tracking device. Specifically, and in addition, instead of the LED flash, Another means can be used, such as another source of light, a display, a vibrating unit or a buzzer. Different protocols may be used to implement the transmission of location and status data based on different types of networks/services (e.g., email, (10) or job on GSM, UMTS, CDMA, etc.). Instead of pressing the red button, the reception can be confirmed in different ways: as an example, the recipient can provide a signature on the touch screen, and he or she can provide information about his or her body, such as by presenting to the camera. Ordinary 1 or to the corresponding - buy benefits to present the machine readable ID. In addition, the tracking device can be characterized by a sensor that senses the biometric features of the recipient (such as fingerprints, irises, voices, etc.) with 100135869 32 201220221. Alternatively, the recipient types or presents a code obtained via another means of communication in order to prove his or her identity. In addition, it is possible to continue tracking the tracking device during the return cruise to the refresh center. The corresponding information will be sent to the service provider's database, but it will not be used by third parties. In summary, please note that the present invention produces a method of tracking the location of a transport item. This method is reliable and provides up-to-date and comprehensive information about the transport process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the specific method of the present invention; FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are schematic representations of a tracking device used in the context of the inventive method; Figure 3 Block diagram of the shai tracking device. In the figures, the same component symbols are given to the same components. [Main component symbol description] 200 Central system 300 Device 301 Envelope 302 Indication 303 Service provider's center address 100135869 33 201220221 304 311 312 313 314 321 322 323 324 325 326 Customs declaration order button mark LED flash central processing unit storage GSM Transmitter/Receiver Module Antenna Battery Light Sensor 100135869 34