201214912 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域] 本揭示内容是有關於一種控制電路，且特別是有關於 一種具有電池充電保護功能之控制器。 【先前技術】 隨著電子技術的發展以及消費性電子產品的普及，各 式各樣可攜式電子產品已曰漸普及。其中，影響可攜式電 子產品的機動性、執行效率以及行動續航力的主要因素， 便包括可攜式電子產品是否具有良好的電源供給，目前可 攜式電子產品的電源供給主要依賴各種電池模組。 目前市面上的電池模組，大致上可分為一次性電池、 充電電池及燃料電池等種類。一般來說，在一般消費性電 子產品上常見的電池以較經濟、環保之充電電池為主。充 電電池顧名思義，即可利用充電方式讓電池内的活性物質 再度回復到原來的狀態’而獲得可重複被使用之特性，常 見的種類例如錯酸電池(lead acid battery)、錄鑛電池(nickel cadmium batter)、鎳氫電池(nickel hydrogen batter)、裡電池 (lithium batter)以及鐘離子電池（lithium ion battery)等。 然而，電池使用的安全性和使用壽命與使用者的操作 習慣息息相關。舉例來說，在鐘離子充電電池的充電過程 中，可能會由於使用者將其長時間放置於充電座上而造成 過充’產生電池溫度上升’當電池溫度過高或過充電力過 大時’可能導致電解液分解而產生瓦斯，使其内部壓力上 升以及金屬鋰等洩漏，因而造成有起火、破裂或重金屬汙 201214912 木等危險。或者，當鐘離子過放電時，鋰電池無法以正常 程序充電’否則會造成電池結構的損壞。 為了避免充電過程可能遭遇的安全性問題，並防止電 池特性劣化，在電池或充電裝置上需設置充電保護用的控 制器（如控制電路或控制晶片），控制器可偵測電池模組的 電力狀態並進行相對應操作（例如充電監控、過充電時進行 中斷保護等）6請參閱第1圖，其繪示一種習知的充電裝置 中的控制器100，控制器100包含電壓檢測單元101、控制 邏輯單元102和電流檢測單元103。 電壓檢測單元101用以耦接於電池模組200的兩端， 用以監控電池模組200的電壓狀態。舉例來說，電壓檢測 單元101用以偵測電池模組200的兩端電壓差，則控制邏 輯單元102可據以得知電池模組200的狀態。電池模組2〇〇 透過充電正端203及充電負端204連接一充電器進行充 電’當電池模組200已充滿時，控制邏輯單元102可通知 充電裝置中的充電開關單元201關閉，切斷電池模組200 到充電負端204的充電迴路L1’藉以避免可能的危險發生。 須注意的是，雖然電池模組200到充電負端204的外 部充電迴路L1已中斷，然而，控制器1〇〇内部仍可能有其 他迴路存在’導致在保護情況下’仍有洩漏的電流對電池 模組200持續充電。 其可能的原因例如，此類習知的控制器100中通常具 有用以進行電壓調整(如pull-high或pull-low等）的採樣開 關單元104與採樣電阻1〇5，以形成電流檢測單元1〇3所 需的電流採樣節點l〇3a用以將關閉的外部充電開關單元 2〇1恢復成導通。其中，採樣開關單元1〇4具有一寄生ps] 5 201214912 極體104a，當電池處於過充電狀態下，雖然外部充電開關 單元201關閉並切斷外部充電迴路L1’但此時充電負端204 的電壓低於電池模組200的負端’電流採樣節點i〇3a的電 位大致等同於充電負端204故低於電池模組2〇〇的負端電 壓，從而有洩漏的電流通過内部迴路L2(即經過採樣開關 單元104的寄生二極體l〇4a以及採樣電阻1〇5)，並可持續 對電池模組200充電’造成電池模組2〇〇無法受到過充電 保護，形成安全隱患。201214912 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present disclosure relates to a control circuit, and more particularly to a controller having a battery charging protection function. [Prior Art] With the development of electronic technology and the popularity of consumer electronic products, various portable electronic products have become popular. Among them, the main factors affecting the mobility, execution efficiency and mobile endurance of portable electronic products include whether the portable electronic products have a good power supply. Currently, the power supply of portable electronic products mainly depends on various battery modules. . At present, battery modules on the market can be roughly classified into disposable batteries, rechargeable batteries, and fuel cells. Generally speaking, batteries commonly used in general consumer electronic products are mainly economical and environmentally friendly rechargeable batteries. As the name suggests, rechargeable batteries can be recharged to the original state by using the charging method to obtain reusable characteristics. Common types such as lead acid battery and nickel cadmium Batter), nickel hydrogen batter, lithium batter, and lithium ion battery. However, the safety and service life of the battery are closely related to the user's operating habits. For example, during the charging process of the rechargeable battery, it may cause the battery to rise due to the user placing it on the charging stand for a long time. When the battery temperature is too high or the overcharge is too large. It may cause the electrolyte to decompose and generate gas, causing internal pressure to rise and metal lithium to leak, thus causing fire, cracking or heavy metal contamination. Or, when the ion is over-discharged, the lithium battery cannot be charged in the normal program. Otherwise, the battery structure may be damaged. In order to avoid the safety problems that may be encountered in the charging process and to prevent deterioration of the battery characteristics, a controller for charging protection (such as a control circuit or a control chip) needs to be provided on the battery or the charging device, and the controller can detect the power of the battery module. The state and the corresponding operation (for example, charge monitoring, interrupt protection during overcharge, etc.) 6 see FIG. 1 , which illustrates a controller 100 in a conventional charging device, the controller 100 includes a voltage detecting unit 101, The logic unit 102 and the current detecting unit 103 are controlled. The voltage detecting unit 101 is coupled to both ends of the battery module 200 for monitoring the voltage state of the battery module 200. For example, the voltage detecting unit 101 is configured to detect the voltage difference between the two ends of the battery module 200, and then the control logic unit 102 can know the state of the battery module 200. The battery module 2 is connected to a charger through the charging positive terminal 203 and the charging negative terminal 204 for charging. When the battery module 200 is full, the control logic unit 102 can notify the charging switch unit 201 in the charging device to be turned off. The charging circuit L1' of the battery module 200 to the charging negative terminal 204 is taken to avoid a possible danger. It should be noted that although the external charging circuit L1 of the battery module 200 to the charging negative terminal 204 has been interrupted, there may still be other circuits inside the controller 1〇〇, which may cause leakage currents in the case of protection. The battery module 200 is continuously charged. For example, such a conventional controller 100 usually has a sampling switch unit 104 and a sampling resistor 1〇5 for performing voltage adjustment (such as pull-high or pull-low, etc.) to form a current detecting unit. The current sampling node l〇3a required for 1〇3 is used to restore the turned off external charging switch unit 2〇1 to be turned on. Wherein, the sampling switch unit 1〇4 has a parasitic ps] 5 201214912 polar body 104a, when the battery is in an overcharge state, although the external charging switch unit 201 is turned off and the external charging circuit L1' is cut off, but at this time, the negative terminal 204 is charged. The voltage is lower than the negative terminal of the battery module 200. The current sampling node i〇3a has a potential substantially equal to the charging negative terminal 204 and lower than the negative terminal voltage of the battery module 2〇〇, so that the leakage current passes through the internal circuit L2 ( That is, after the parasitic diode l〇4a of the sampling switch unit 104 and the sampling resistor 1〇5), and the battery module 200 can be continuously charged, the battery module 2 can not be overcharge protected, posing a safety hazard.
【發明内容】 為了解決上述充電保護機制啟動時發生電流洩漏使電 池模組持續過充電的問題，本發明提出一種控制器，其可 透過洩流電路方式確保洩漏的電流繞過（bypass)電池模 組，或透過鉗位方式以避免發生電流洩漏的情況發生，藉 此提高電池充電的安全性。 因此，本發明内容之一態樣是在提供一種具有電池充 電保護功能之控制器。此控制器包含第一腳位、第二腳位、 ^三腳位以及充f保護電路。其中，第—腳_接充電正 ，。第二腳位_電池模組之正端。第三腳位_電池模 ，之負端。充電保護電路_第—腳位及第三腳位，於電 :模組處於賴狀_，充電保護電路導通使經流入第-腳位之電流流經充電保護電路而由第三腳位流出。 根據本發明内容之—膏祐在,#丄+ 鉗位單t於充電保護電㈣電路包含 之楚電路導通時，鉗位單元使第一腳位 之電位等於或低於第二腳位電位與預定電位差之和，其中 201214912 預定電位差為正值。 根據本發明内容之另一實施例，控制器包含靜電防護 電路耦接第一腳位及第二腳位之間。 本發明内容之另一態樣是在提供具有電池充電保護功 能之控制器。此控制器包含第一腳位、第二腳位、第三腳 位以及充電保護電路。其中，第一腳位耦接充電負端。第 二腳位耦接電池模組之正端。第三腳位耦接電池模組之負 端。充電保護電路耦接第一腳位及第二腳位，於電池模組 處於過保護狀態時，該充電保護電路導通，使流出該第一 腳位之一電流係由該第二腳位流入並經該充電保護電路而 由該第一腳位流出。 根據本發明内容之一實施例，充電保護電路包含鉗位 單元，於充電保護電路導通時，該鉗位單元使該第三腳位 之電位等於或小於該第一腳位電位與一預定電位差之和， 其中預定電位差為正值。 根據本發明内容之另一實施例，控制器更包含靜電防 護電路耦接於第一腳位及第三腳位之間。 此外，本發明内容之再一態樣是在提供一種具有電池 充電保護功能之控制器，其包含第一腳位、第二腳位、第 三腳位以及鉗位電路，第一腳位耦接充電正端，第二腳位 耦接電池模組之正端，第三腳位耦接電池模組之負端，钳 位電路耦接第一腳位及第三腳位。其中，鉗位電路用以使 第一腳位之電位維持在等於或小於第二腳位之電位與預定 電位差之和，其中預定電位差為正值。 根據本發明内容之一實施例，其中鉗位電路包含鉗位 201214912 單元及開關單元’開關單元於第_腳位之電位高於第二腳 位之電位達到預定電位差時導通。 根據本發明内容之另—實施例，其中開關單元導通 ，，洲·入該第一腳位之電流流經鉗位電路後由第三腳位流 此外，本發_容之又—祕是在提供 充電保護功能之批告，丨^ ^ ^ % 刀肊之控制器，其包含第一腳位、第 二腳位以及鉗位電路。篦一娜办知拉士而A 職弟SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the problem that current leakage occurs when the charging protection mechanism starts to cause the battery module to continuously overcharge, the present invention provides a controller that can ensure that a leakage current bypasses the battery module through a bleed circuit. Group, or through clamping to avoid the occurrence of current leakage, thereby improving the safety of battery charging. Accordingly, it is an aspect of the present invention to provide a controller having a battery charging protection function. The controller includes a first pin, a second pin, a ^ three-pin, and a charging protection circuit. Among them, the first - foot _ is charged positive. The second pin _ the positive end of the battery module. The third pin _ battery module, the negative end. Charging protection circuit _ first-pin and third-pin, in the power: the module is in the _ _, the charging protection circuit is turned on so that the current flowing into the first pin flows through the charging protection circuit and flows out from the third pin. According to the content of the present invention, when the #丄+ clamp unit t is included in the charging protection circuit (four) circuit, the clamping unit makes the potential of the first pin equal to or lower than the potential of the second pin. The sum of the predetermined potential differences, where the predetermined potential difference of 201214912 is a positive value. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the controller includes an ESD protection circuit coupled between the first pin and the second pin. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a controller having battery charging protection. The controller includes a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, and a charge protection circuit. The first pin is coupled to the charging negative terminal. The second pin is coupled to the positive terminal of the battery module. The third pin is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery module. The charging protection circuit is coupled to the first pin and the second pin. When the battery module is in an overprotected state, the charging protection circuit is turned on, so that a current flowing out of the first pin flows from the second pin and The first pin is discharged through the charging protection circuit. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the charging protection circuit includes a clamping unit. When the charging protection circuit is turned on, the clamping unit makes the potential of the third pin equal to or smaller than the first potential and a predetermined potential difference. And wherein the predetermined potential difference is a positive value. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the controller further includes an electrostatic protection circuit coupled between the first pin and the third pin. In addition, another aspect of the present invention provides a controller having a battery charging protection function, including a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, and a clamping circuit, where the first pin is coupled. The charging terminal is coupled to the positive terminal of the battery module, the third pin is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery module, and the clamping circuit is coupled to the first pin and the third pin. The clamping circuit is configured to maintain the potential of the first pin at or below the sum of the potential of the second pin and the predetermined potential difference, wherein the predetermined potential difference is a positive value. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the clamp circuit includes a clamp 201214912 unit and the switch unit 'switch unit is turned on when the potential of the _th pin is higher than the potential of the second pin to reach a predetermined potential difference. According to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the switch unit is turned on, the current flowing into the first pin flows through the clamp circuit and flows from the third pin. In addition, the present invention is Provides a notification of the charging protection function, 丨^^^% The controller of the knife, which includes the first pin, the second pin and the clamp circuit.篦一娜做知拉士和A 职弟
l 弟腳位耦接一充電負端，第二腳 7接電池模組之正端，第三腳位純電池模 鉗位電路耦接第一腳位及第__ 貝細 使該第-腳位之電位大於或等於該第三腳位之電位減去一預定電 位差’其中預定電位差為正值。 时一根據本發明内容之-實施例，其中鉗位電路包含甜位 早兀及開關早兀，開關單元於第一腳位之電位低於第三腳 位之電位達到預定電位差時導通。 根據本發明内容之另一實施例，其中開關單元導通 時’流出該第’位之電流係由該第二腳位流人並流經钳 位電路後由第一腳位流出。 應用本揭示内容之優點在於藉由充電保護電路導引不 必要的洩漏電流，或利用鉗位電路控制特定的節點電壓以 避免沒漏電流的產生，藉此可避免電池模組或控制器本身 被非預期的電流或電麼影響’進而提高電池模組的使用壽 命與穩定性。 【實施方式】 201214912 為達到前述效果，本發明的控制器藉由在電路架構中 設置洩流及/或鉗位電路，來避免非預期的電流或電壓對電 池模組造成負面影響，其詳細設置實施方式說明如下。 請參照第2A圖，其繪示根據本發明之第一具體實施 例中一種用於保護電池模組400的控制器300之功能方塊 圖。當電池模組400與市電電源或特定充電裝置連接並充 電時，控制器300本身用以保護電池模組400，實際應用 中，控制器300可為一控制晶片或控制單元，整合設置於 充電裝置、市電插座或電池模組400上，亦可獨立設置， 本發明並不以此為限。 如第2A圖所示，電池模組400的正端耦接至市電電 源或特定充電裝置的充電正端403，電池模組400的負端 耦接至市電電源或特定充電裝置的充電負端404,藉此形 成一充電路徑（即第2A圖中的外部充電迴路L1)，在充電 路徑上可進一步包含充電開關單元401關閉，藉此開啟或 中斷電池模組400到充電負端404的充電迴路L1。 於此實施例中，控制器300對外連接介面可具有第一 腳位P1、第二腳位P2、第三腳位P3以及第四腳位P4。第 一腳位P1對外耦接至充電負端404，第二腳位P2對外耦 接至電池模組400的正端與充電正端403之間，第三腳位 P3對外耦接至電池模組400的負端與充電開關單元401之 間，而第四腳位P4對外用以控制充電開關單元401。 此外，控制器300内部可包含有電壓檢測單元301、 控制邏輯單元302、電流檢測單元303以及充電保護電路 306。 [S ] 9 201214912 =壓檢測單元301透過第二腳位P2與第三腳位p3编 厂’也模組備的兩端’用以監控電池模组働的電壓 以判斷電池模組是魏進行保護。舉例來說，電壓檢 溫=3G1用則貞測電池模組_的兩端電壓差，則控制 $早元302可據以得知電池模組働的電力是否已充滿 或者電池模組棚處於過放電狀態，#電池模組働已充 滿或過放電時，控制邏輯單元3〇2可透過第四腳位料切換 充電開關單元401使其關閉，進而切斷電池模組4〇〇到充 電負端404的充電迴路L卜藉以避免對已充滿或者過放電 的電池模組400進行充電。 於此實施例中，控制器300可進一步包含有其他内部 的工作電路，須注意的是，可能存在部份的工作電路係輕 接於第一腳位P1與第三腳位P3之間，如第2A圖中所示 的工作電路（即採樣開關單元304與採樣電阻3〇5)。 、 也就是說，雖然電池模組400到充電負端404的外部 充電迴路L1已中斷，然而，控制器300内部的第一腳位 P1與第三腳位P3之間的工作電路仍可能形成其他迴路(如 採樣開關單元304的寄生二極體304a與採樣電阻305)，形 成電池模組400持續被充電的風險。 須特別說明的是’此實施例中控制器300的充電保護 電路306可用以解決上述風險。充電保護電路306耦接第 一腳位P1及第三腳位P3，於電池模組400處於保護狀態 時’充電保護電路306便可配合進行電池模組4〇〇的保護。 於此實施例t ’所謂保護狀態即電壓檢測單元301量測到 第二腳位P2與第三腳位P3之電壓差大於一特定的第一電 201214912 =值(2池模組働的額定電壓，代表電池模組權已充 第H—Γ位P2與第三腳位P3之電麗差小於一特定的 第一電壓值（代表電池模組400已過放電）。 =電池模組働處於保護狀態時，控制邏輯單元3〇2 =通充電保護電路306中的開關單元3嶋導通，使經流入 雷Μ(其輕接至電池模組働之正端）之電流可經充 電保遵電路306的開關單元306a及電阻3〇6b，並由第一 腳位P1流出回到充電負端404(如第2A 中的泡流路徑l The younger pin is coupled to a charging negative terminal, the second leg 7 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery module, and the third pin pure battery die clamping circuit is coupled to the first pin and the __ _ _ 细The potential of the bit is greater than or equal to the potential of the third pin minus a predetermined potential difference 'where the predetermined potential difference is a positive value. According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the clamp circuit includes a sweet bit early and a switch early, the switch unit is turned on when the potential of the first pin is lower than the potential of the third pin to reach a predetermined potential difference. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the current flowing out of the 'th' position when the switching unit is turned on is flown by the first pin from the second pin and flows through the clamp circuit. The application of the present disclosure has the advantages of guiding unnecessary leakage current through the charging protection circuit, or using a clamping circuit to control a specific node voltage to avoid generation of no leakage current, thereby avoiding the battery module or the controller itself being Unexpected current or electricity affects 'and thus improves the life and stability of the battery module. [Embodiment] 201214912 In order to achieve the foregoing effects, the controller of the present invention avoids unintended current or voltage from adversely affecting the battery module by providing a drain and/or clamp circuit in the circuit architecture, and the detailed setting thereof The embodiments are described below. Referring to Figure 2A, there is shown a functional block diagram of a controller 300 for protecting a battery module 400 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. When the battery module 400 is connected to a mains power supply or a specific charging device and is charged, the controller 300 itself is used to protect the battery module 400. In practical applications, the controller 300 can be a control chip or a control unit, and is integrated in the charging device. The mains socket or the battery module 400 can also be independently disposed, and the invention is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 2A, the positive end of the battery module 400 is coupled to the mains power supply or the charging positive end 403 of the specific charging device. The negative end of the battery module 400 is coupled to the mains power supply or the charging negative end 404 of the specific charging device. Thereby, a charging path (ie, the external charging circuit L1 in FIG. 2A) is formed, and the charging switch unit 401 can be further included in the charging path to thereby turn on or interrupt the charging circuit of the battery module 400 to the charging negative terminal 404. L1. In this embodiment, the controller 300 external connection interface may have a first pin P1, a second pin P2, a third pin P3, and a fourth pin P4. The first pin P1 is externally coupled to the charging negative terminal 404, and the second pin P2 is externally coupled between the positive terminal of the battery module 400 and the charging positive terminal 403, and the third pin P3 is externally coupled to the battery module. The negative terminal of 400 is connected to the charging switch unit 401, and the fourth pin P4 is externally used to control the charging switch unit 401. In addition, the controller 300 may include a voltage detecting unit 301, a control logic unit 302, a current detecting unit 303, and a charging protection circuit 306. [S ] 9 201214912 = The pressure detecting unit 301 edits the 'both ends of the module' through the second pin P2 and the third pin p3 to monitor the voltage of the battery module 以 to judge that the battery module is Wei protection. For example, when the voltage detection temperature = 3G1 is used to measure the voltage difference between the two ends of the battery module _, the control of the early element 302 can be used to know whether the power of the battery module is full or the battery module shed is over-discharged. When the state, #battery module 働 is full or over-discharged, the control logic unit 3〇2 can switch the charging switch unit 401 to be turned off through the fourth-foot material, thereby cutting off the battery module 4 to the charging negative terminal 404. The charging circuit L is used to avoid charging the battery module 400 that has been fully charged or over-discharged. In this embodiment, the controller 300 may further include other internal working circuits. It should be noted that some working circuits may be lightly connected between the first pin P1 and the third pin P3, such as The working circuit shown in Fig. 2A (i.e., sampling switch unit 304 and sampling resistor 3〇5). That is, although the external charging circuit L1 of the battery module 400 to the charging negative terminal 404 has been interrupted, the working circuit between the first pin P1 and the third pin P3 inside the controller 300 may still form other The loop (such as the parasitic diode 304a of the sampling switch unit 304 and the sampling resistor 305) creates a risk that the battery module 400 will continue to be charged. It is to be noted that the charge protection circuit 306 of the controller 300 in this embodiment can be used to address the above risks. The charging protection circuit 306 is coupled to the first pin P1 and the third pin P3. When the battery module 400 is in the protection state, the charging protection circuit 306 can cooperate with the protection of the battery module 4 . In this embodiment, the so-called protection state, that is, the voltage detecting unit 301 measures that the voltage difference between the second pin P2 and the third pin P3 is greater than a specific first electric current 201214912 = value (the rated voltage of the 2-cell module 働On behalf of the battery module right, the electric difference between the H-clamp P2 and the third pin P3 is less than a specific first voltage value (representing that the battery module 400 has been over-discharged). In the state, the control logic unit 3〇2=the switch unit 3嶋 in the pass-through protection circuit 306 is turned on, so that the current flowing into the thunder (which is lightly connected to the positive terminal of the battery module 可) can be charged through the circuit 306. Switch unit 306a and resistor 3〇6b, and flow out from first pin P1 back to charging negative terminal 404 (such as the bubble flow path in 2A)
L3所示）。如此一來，充電正端4〇3出發的充電電流可避 開電池模組400，被導引流經第二腳位p2、充電保護電路 306、第一腳位P1並回到充電負端4〇4，藉由充電保護電 路306在控制器300中形成避開電池模組4〇〇的洩流路 L3。 此外’本發明上述内容提出以洩流方式確保電池模組 400的安全性’然而本發明並不以洩流方式為限，可用以 限定第一腳位P1之電位，進而將第一腳位P1之電位與第 三腳位P3電位之差鉗位至一預定電位差之内而達到保護 電池模組400以避免非預期充電之問題。 請參閱第2B圖，其繪示根據本發明之第二具體實施例 中控制器300,之功能方塊圖’於第二具體實施例中的控制 器3〇〇,與第一實施例中的控制器300最大不同之處在於， 第2B圖的控制器300'係包含钳位電路306，，鉗位電路3〇6, 輕接第一腳位P1及第二腳位P2 ’鉗位電路306,以使第一 腳位P1之電位大於或等於第三腳位P3之電位減去一預定 電位差之範圍，即VplgVp3-Vset ’其中Vpl為第一腳位 201214912 P1之電位、Vp3為第三腳位p3之電位，以及Vset為預占 電位差且Vset為正值’實際應用中，Vset可對應到採 關單元304其寄生二極體3〇4a的臨界電壓他她^ voltage) ° 鉗位電路306,透過將限制第一腳位ρι與第三腳位打 之間的電位差，可確保控制器3 〇 〇内的工作電路(如採樣開 關單元304其寄生二極體3〇4a與採樣電阻305)不會形成非 預期内的漏電流路徑。 於此實施例中，鉗位電路306,中可進一步包含鉗位 元306b’及開關單元306a，。鉗位單元306b，偵測第一腳位η 及第三腳位Ρ3之電位，於判斷第一腳位ρι低於第三腳4 P3達到該預定電位差時導通開關單元3〇6a，並調整開關= 元306a·之等效阻值，藉此可拉高第一腳位ρι的電位，早 第一腳位P1不致過度低於第三腳位P3之電位。 使 也就是說，藉由上述實施例，本發明可透過洩流戈 位方式保護電池模組，上述實施例中開關單元(如採樣^细 單元304、開關單元306a、開關單元306a，等）係以N型關 氧半場效電晶體(NM0S)，充電開關單元401係耦接於電金 模組400之負端與充電負端404之間，而第一腳位ρι以池 接充電負端404為舉例說明，然而本發明並不以此為=耦 於另一實施例中，上述開關單元亦可採用p型金^ %效電晶體(PM0S)，而充電開關單元可搞接於電池模組“ 正端與充電正端之間，且此時本發明所提出的控制器 簡單地調整相對的正負連接邏輯，便可達到類似效果。需 請參閱第3A圖與第3B圖，第3A圖繪示根據本發明 12 201214912 之第三具體實施例中一種用於保護電池模組600的控制器 500之功能方塊圖，第3B圖繪示根據本發明之第四具體實 施例中一種用於保護電池模組600的控制器500'之功能方 塊圖。 如第3A圖所示，控制器500包含第一腳位P1、第二 腳位P2、第三腳位P3、第四腳位P4、第五腳位P5、電壓 檢測單元501、控制邏輯單元502、電流檢測單元503以及 充電保護電路506。此外，控制器500還包含一部份耦接 於第一腳位P1與第二腳位P2之間的内部工作電路，如採 樣開關單元504與採樣電阻505。在本實施例中，電池模 組600包含兩個電池單元，電壓檢測單元501透過第二腳 位P2、第三腳位P3與第五腳位P5耦接於電池模組400的 各電池單元之正端及負端，用以監控電池模組400的各電 池單元之電壓狀態以判斷電池模組是否應進行保護。 於此實施例中，充電開關單元601耦接於電池模組600 之正端與充電正端603之間。其中，第一腳位P1耦接充電 正端603。第二腳位P2耦接於電池模組600之正端與充電 開關單元601之間。第三腳位P3耦接於電池模組600之負 端與充電負端604之間。 充電保護電路506耦接第一腳位P1及第三腳位P3， 於電池模組600處於保護狀態時，充電保護電路506中的 開關單元506a導通使經流入第一腳位P1之電流流經充電 保護電路506的開關單元506a及電阻506b而由第三腳位 P3流出，進而回到充電負端604(如第3A圖中的洩流路徑 L3所示），如此一來，充電正端603出發的充電電流可避 [S] 13 201214912 開電池模組600，被導引流經第一腳位ρι、充電保護電路 506、第三靠P3並回到充電負端6〇4，藉由充電保護電 路506在控制器500中形成避開電池模組6〇〇的洩流路徑 L3。 工 其中，第三具體實施例中的控制器5〇〇的其他電路構 造與作動原理，大致與第一具體實施例中的控制器耳 有正負邏輯的相對關係，其為習知技藝之人所能簡單對 應，在此不另贅述。 另一方面，如第3B圖所示，於第四具體實施例中，控 制器500’採用鉗位電路506'，鉗位電路5〇6，耦接第一腳位 P1及第三腳位P3，鉗位電路506,以將第一腳位P1之電位 維持在第二腳位P2之電位加上一預定電位差之範圍内，即 Vpl S Vp2+Vset ’其中Vpl為第一腳位pi之電位、Vp2為 第二腳位P2之電位，以及Vset為預定電位差且Vset為正 值。其中’實際應用中’ Vset可對應到採樣開關單元504 其寄生二極體504a的臨界電壓(threshold voltage)。 藉此達到避免非預期充電電流產生的效果。第四具體 實施例中的控制器500'的其他電路構造與作動原理，請參 考第二具體實施例的控制器300’，在此不另贅述。 在上述實施例中，已說明了本發明的控制器可用以進 行電池模組的充電保護。然而’必須要強調說明的是，常 見的一些積體電路設計在應用於電池充電時，可能會造成 如上述具體實施例中所希望預防的非預期充電。舉例來 說，積體電路中會設計靜電放電防護電路以避免靜電放電 現象所造成的一個高能量的靜電放電脈衝訊號（例如大電 201214912 壓突波訊號)毀損控制器内部的電路。而靜電放電防護電路 於電池充電過程中仍會維持運作，因此當充電正端的電位 高於電池模組正端預定電位差以及當充電負端的電位低於 電池模組負端預定電位差時均會造成靜電放電防護電路啟 動而使電池模組進入保護狀態時，仍有非預期的電流流經 靜電放電防護電路而對電池模組充電。而本發明透過上述 具體實施例中充電保護電路的洩流作用或鉗位電路的鉗位 作用，即可防止控制器内部電路造成對電池模組的非預期 充電問題。 綜上所述，藉由充電保護電路導引不必要的洩漏電 流，或利用鉗位電路控制特定的節點電壓以避免洩漏電流 的產生，藉此可避免電池模組或控制器本身被非預期的電 流或電壓影響（如過度充電或靜電放電現象），進而提高電 池模組的使用壽命與穩定性。 雖然本揭示内容已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用 以限定本揭示内容，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本揭示 内容之精神和範圍内，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本 揭示内容之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為 準。 【圖式簡單說明】 為讓本揭示内容之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實 施例能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下： 第1圖繪示一種習知的充電裝置中的控制器的功能方 塊圖， 15 201214912 第2A圖繪示根據本發明之第一具體實施例中一種用 於保護電池模組的控制器之功能方塊圖； 第2B圖繪示根據本發明之第二具體實施例中控制器 300'之功能方塊圖； 第3A圖繪示根據本發明之第三具體實施例中一種用 於保護電池模組的控制器之功能方塊圖；以及 第3B圖繪示根據本發明之第四具體實施例中一種用 於保護電池模組的控制器之功能方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 :控制器 101 :電壓檢測單元 102 :控制邏輯單元 103 :電流檢測單元 103a :電流採樣節點 104 :採樣開關單元 104a :寄生二極體 10 5 .採樣電阻 200 :電池模組 201 :充電開關單元 203 :充電正端 204 :充電負端 L1 :充電迴路 L2 :内部迴路 300 :控制器 301 :電壓檢測單元 302 :控制邏輯單元 303 :電流檢測單元 303a :電流採樣節點 304 :採樣開關單元 304a :寄生二極體 305 :採樣電阻 306 :充電保護電路 306a :開關單元 306b :電阻 400 :電池模組 401 :充電開關單元 403 :充電正端 404 :充電負端 L3 :洩流路徑 201214912 300':控制器 306':充電保護電路 306〆··開關單元 306b' ··钳位單元 500 :控制器 501 :電壓檢測單元 502 :控制邏輯單元 503 ··電流檢測單元 503a :電流採樣節點 504 ··採樣開關單元 504a :寄生二極體 505 :採樣電阻 506 :充電保護電路 506a :開關單元 506b :電阻 600 :電池模組 601 :充電開關單元 603 :充電正端 604 :充電負端 500':控制器 506':充電保護電路 506a':開關單元 506b':鉗位單元 P1 :第一腳位 P2 :第二腳位 P3 :第三腳位 P4 :第四腳位 P5 :第五腳位L3 shows). In this way, the charging current starting from the charging terminal 4〇3 can avoid the battery module 400, and is guided to flow through the second pin p2, the charging protection circuit 306, the first pin P1, and return to the charging negative terminal 4 In FIG. 4, the drain circuit L3 that avoids the battery module 4A is formed in the controller 300 by the charge protection circuit 306. In addition, the above content of the present invention proposes to ensure the safety of the battery module 400 in a bleed manner. However, the present invention is not limited to the bleed mode, and may be used to limit the potential of the first pin P1, thereby the first pin P1. The difference between the potential and the potential of the third pin P3 is clamped to within a predetermined potential difference to achieve protection of the battery module 400 to avoid unintended charging problems. Please refer to FIG. 2B, which illustrates a controller block diagram of a controller 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and a controller in the second embodiment, and the control in the first embodiment. The maximum difference between the controller 300 is that the controller 300' of the second FIG. 2B includes a clamp circuit 306, and the clamp circuit 3〇6 is connected to the first pin P1 and the second pin P2' clamp circuit 306. The potential of the first pin P1 is greater than or equal to the potential of the third pin P3 minus a predetermined potential difference, that is, VplgVp3-Vset 'where Vpl is the potential of the first pin 201214912 P1, and Vp3 is the third pin position. The potential of p3, and Vset is the pre-occupation potential difference and Vset is a positive value. In practical applications, Vset can correspond to the threshold voltage of the parasitic diode 3〇4a of the switching unit 304, and the clamp circuit 306. By limiting the potential difference between the first pin ρι and the third pin, it is ensured that the working circuit in the controller 3 (such as the sampling switch unit 304 has its parasitic diode 3〇4a and the sampling resistor 305) Unexpected leakage current paths are formed. In this embodiment, the clamp circuit 306 may further include a clamp 306b' and a switch unit 306a. The clamping unit 306b detects the potentials of the first pin η and the third pin Ρ3, and turns on the switch unit 3〇6a when determining that the first pin ρ is lower than the third pin 4 P3 to reach the predetermined potential difference, and adjusts the switch = Equivalent resistance of element 306a·, whereby the potential of the first pin ρι can be raised, and the first pin P1 is not excessively lower than the potential of the third pin P3. That is to say, according to the above embodiment, the present invention can protect the battery module by means of a draining go bit. In the above embodiment, the switching unit (such as the sampling unit 304, the switching unit 306a, the switching unit 306a, etc.) The charging switch unit 401 is coupled between the negative end of the electric gold module 400 and the charging negative end 404, and the first pin ρ is connected to the charging negative end 404 by an N-type oxygen-cutting half-effect transistor (NM0S). For the sake of exemplification, the present invention is not coupled to another embodiment. The switch unit can also be a p-type gold-based transistor (PM0S), and the charging switch unit can be connected to the battery module. "The positive end and the positive end of the charge, and at this time the controller proposed by the present invention simply adjusts the relative positive and negative connection logic, a similar effect can be achieved. Please refer to Figures 3A and 3B, Figure 3A A functional block diagram of a controller 500 for protecting a battery module 600 according to a third embodiment of the present invention 12 201214912, and FIG. 3B illustrates a battery for protecting a battery according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Functional side of controller 500' of module 600 As shown in FIG. 3A, the controller 500 includes a first pin P1, a second pin P2, a third pin P3, a fourth pin P4, a fifth pin P5, a voltage detecting unit 501, and control logic. The unit 502, the current detecting unit 503, and the charging protection circuit 506. The controller 500 further includes an internal working circuit coupled between the first pin P1 and the second pin P2, such as the sampling switch unit 504 and The sampling module 505. In the embodiment, the battery module 600 includes two battery cells, and the voltage detecting unit 501 is coupled to the battery module 400 through the second pin P2, the third pin P3, and the fifth pin P5. The positive end and the negative end of each battery unit are used to monitor the voltage state of each battery unit of the battery module 400 to determine whether the battery module should be protected. In this embodiment, the charging switch unit 601 is coupled to the battery module. The positive terminal 603 is coupled between the positive terminal 603 and the charging terminal 603. The first pin P2 is coupled between the positive terminal of the battery module 600 and the charging switch unit 601. The three-pin P3 is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery module 600 and the charging negative terminal 604. The charging protection circuit 506 is coupled to the first pin P1 and the third pin P3. When the battery module 600 is in the protection state, the switch unit 506a in the charging protection circuit 506 is turned on to cause the current flowing into the first pin P1. The switch unit 506a and the resistor 506b flowing through the charge protection circuit 506 flow out from the third pin P3, and then return to the charge negative terminal 604 (as shown in the drain path L3 in FIG. 3A), so that the charging is positive. The charging current from the terminal 603 can be avoided [S] 13 201214912 The battery module 600 is opened, and is guided through the first pin ρι, the charging protection circuit 506, the third P3, and back to the charging negative terminal 6〇4. A drain path L3 that avoids the battery module 6A is formed in the controller 500 by the charge protection circuit 506. The other circuit configuration and actuation principle of the controller 5 in the third embodiment has a positive and negative logical relationship with the controller ear in the first embodiment, which is a person skilled in the art. It can be easily matched, and will not be described here. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, in the fourth embodiment, the controller 500' uses a clamp circuit 506', and the clamp circuit 5〇6 is coupled to the first pin P1 and the third pin P3. The clamping circuit 506 is configured to maintain the potential of the first pin P1 at a potential of the second pin P2 plus a predetermined potential difference, that is, Vpl S Vp2+Vset 'where Vpl is the potential of the first pin pi Vp2 is the potential of the second pin P2, and Vset is a predetermined potential difference and Vset is a positive value. The 'actual application' Vset may correspond to the threshold voltage of the parasitic diode 504a of the sampling switch unit 504. Thereby, the effect of avoiding the unintended charging current is achieved. For the other circuit configuration and operation principle of the controller 500' in the fourth embodiment, please refer to the controller 300' of the second embodiment, which will not be further described herein. In the above embodiment, it has been explained that the controller of the present invention can be used to perform charging protection of the battery module. However, it must be emphasized that some of the commonly found integrated circuit designs, when applied to battery charging, may cause unintended charging as desired in the above-described embodiments. For example, an electrostatic discharge protection circuit is designed in the integrated circuit to avoid a high-energy electrostatic discharge pulse signal (such as the large power 201214912 pressure surge signal) caused by electrostatic discharge to damage the circuit inside the controller. The electrostatic discharge protection circuit will still operate during the charging process of the battery, so when the potential of the positive terminal of the charging is higher than the predetermined potential difference of the positive terminal of the battery module and when the potential of the negative terminal of the charging is lower than the predetermined potential difference of the negative terminal of the battery module, static electricity is generated. When the discharge protection circuit is activated and the battery module enters the protection state, an unexpected current flows through the electrostatic discharge protection circuit to charge the battery module. However, the present invention can prevent the unintended charging problem of the battery module by the internal circuit of the controller through the leakage action of the charging protection circuit or the clamping function of the clamping circuit in the above specific embodiment. In summary, the charging protection circuit is used to guide unnecessary leakage current, or the clamping circuit is used to control a specific node voltage to avoid leakage current, thereby preventing the battery module or the controller itself from being unintended. Current or voltage effects (such as overcharging or electrostatic discharge), which in turn increases the life and stability of the battery module. The present disclosure has been disclosed in the above embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the disclosure, and any person skilled in the art can make various changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The scope of protection of the disclosure is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the description of the drawings is as follows: FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional charging device. Functional Block Diagram of Controller, 15 201214912 FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of a controller for protecting a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2B is a second diagram of the present invention a functional block diagram of the controller 300' in a specific embodiment; FIG. 3A is a functional block diagram of a controller for protecting a battery module according to a third embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3B is a diagram showing A functional block diagram of a controller for protecting a battery module in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 100: Controller 101: Voltage detecting unit 102: Control logic unit 103: Current detecting unit 103a: Current sampling node 104: Sampling switch unit 104a: Parasitic diode 10 5 . Sampling resistor 200: Battery mode Group 201: charging switch unit 203: charging positive terminal 204: charging negative terminal L1: charging circuit L2: internal circuit 300: controller 301: voltage detecting unit 302: control logic unit 303: current detecting unit 303a: current sampling node 304: Sampling switch unit 304a: parasitic diode 305: sampling resistor 306: charging protection circuit 306a: switching unit 306b: resistor 400: battery module 401: charging switch unit 403: charging positive terminal 404: charging negative terminal L3: discharge path 201214912 300': controller 306': charging protection circuit 306 · · switching unit 306b' · clamping unit 500: controller 501: voltage detecting unit 502: control logic unit 503 · current detecting unit 503a: current sampling node 504 · sampling switch unit 504a: parasitic diode 505: sampling resistor 506: charging protection circuit 506a: switching unit 506b: resistance 600: battery module 601: charging switch unit 603: charging positive terminal 604: charging negative terminal 500': controller 506': charging protection circuit 506a': switching unit 506b': clamping unit P1: first pin P2: Second pin P3: third pin P4: fourth pin P5: fifth pin
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