TW201134295A - Apparatus, method and system for providing AC line power to lighting devices - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus, method and system are disclosed for providing AC line power to lighting devices such as light emitting diode (''LEDs'').An exemplary apparatus comprises: a plurality of LEDs coupled in series to form a first plurality of segments of LEDs; a plurality of switches coupled to the plurality of segments of LEDs to switch a selected segment into or out of a series LED current path in response to a control signal; a current sensor; and a controller which, in response to a first parameter and during a first part of an AC voltage interal, generates a first control signal to switch a corresponding segment of LEDs into the series LED current path; and during a second part of the AC voltage interval, generates a second control signal to switch a corresponding segment of LEDs out of the first series LED current path.

Description

201134295 # VI. Invention Description: [Reciprocal References for Related Applications] This application is a partial application for US Patent Application Serial No. 12/478,293 filed by Anatoly Shteynberg et al. And the application priority, titled, the apparatus, method and system for providing AC line power to the illuminating device, which are generally accepted as such, "Wang 4 Neigu is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention has the same powers and effects as those fully expressed herein, and has the priority claimed for all of the generally disclosed inventions. [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention generally relates to power conversion, More particularly, it relates to a system, apparatus, and method for providing an AC line power to a light-emitting device such as a light-emitting diode (LED). [Prior Art] A forgiveness illumination system (semiconductor, mainly ED) The widespread increase in light sources has led to the need for high efficiency power converters, such as led drivers, which have a high conversion ratio of input to output voltage to provide a corresponding Energy storage. Extensive changes to offline LED drivers are known, but they are not suitable for directly replacing incandescent bulbs or small camp light bulbs such as lamps or home lighting devices used in typical, Edis〇n〃 sockets. It is coupled to an alternating current (, AC〃) input voltage, such as a typical (single-phase) AC line (or AC mains line) used in a home or business. 201134295 Early attempts have resulted in prior art LED drivers, which are Non-isolated, with low efficiency, delivering relatively low power, and without temperature compensation, without the dimming arrangement or interoperability of prior art dimming switches, and without voltage or current protection for LEDs, At most, a fixed current is delivered to the LED. In order to reduce the total number of components, these converters can be constructed without an isolation transformer, which is operated by a two-stage converter, which is operated on a non-m cycle (equivalently Treated as a -working cycle), thereby limiting the maximum operating cycle, resulting in a boosting force of the converter size π (due to the relatively low operating frequency) And finally the purpose of moving the face-to-face transformer failed. In other instances, the LEDs require a relatively large current to produce the desired reduction in system efficiency and an increase in energy costs. Other prior art LED drivers are overly complex. Some require complex control methods, which are difficult to design and implement, others require many electronic devices. Many components will cause cost increase and reliability reduction. Many drives: used in pulse width modulation (, PWM) circuits Current-mode adjustment with ramp compensation This current mode requires a considerable amount of functional circuitry, but can continue to exhibit stability problems in continuous electrical = modes with duty cycles or ratios greater than 5〇%. Many prior art attempts to solve these problems by applying a fixed off-turn converter or a hysteresis pulse trainer. When these prior art methods address the instability problem, the hysteretic pulse trainer presents other difficulties (such as increased electrical = disturbance instability) to meet other electromagnetic compatibility requirements and relative inefficiencies. Other attempts have provided methods to externally power converters outside the 'additional amount of feedback outside of 201134295 with other circuits to make LED drivers even larger and more complex. The proposed method provides a reconfigurable circuit to provide a better number (four) according to the sensing voltage, but is also too complicated, and has an individual current regulator for each current path, the efficiency of which is Will be affected by a large number of ❹m diode specifications ^ These complex coffee-driven write circuits will increase the cost, which makes them unsuitable for use as a substitute for typical incandescent bulbs or small fluorescent bulbs. - Other prior art LED bulb alternatives are unable to respond to different input powers [拎 而 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , volt). This is an obvious problem in many parts of the world, but it is because the typical @AC input power level has a high variation (root mean square) 3 such as ranging from 85 volts to 135 volts, assuming i 1 〇伏特. As a result, in these prior art devices, the output brightness will vary significantly, with a variation of 85 volts i 135 volts, which causes three variations of the output luminous flux to change only the % enthalpy, which is not subject to typical consumption. Welcome. ... Other significant problems with prior art devices that use standard Ac-input voltages are clearly underutilized: LEDs are not implemented throughout the AC cycle due to variable AC applied voltage. More specifically, when the input voltage during the AC cycle is low, there is no LED current and no light is emitted. For example, there is only LED current in the rectified ac cycle of 'about three-thirds of the middle, and no LED current in the first and last degrees of the 18-degree rectified AC cycle. In these cases, LED applications can be as low as 20%', which is quite low and especially involves considerable cost. · 201134295 For consumer applications, there are countless other controversies in prior art attempts at LED drivers. For example, some require the use of large, expensive resistors to limit the drift of the current, resulting in a corresponding power loss, which is very noticeable and can fail to switch to solid-state lighting for some purposes. Thus, there remains a need for an apparatus, method and system for supplying AC line power to one or more LEDs, including LEDs for high brightness applications, while providing overall reduction in LED driver size and cost, and increasing the efficiency and application of LEDs. . The apparatus, method and system should be capable of operating properly over a relatively wide range of ac input voltages while providing a desired output voltage or current that does not create excessive internal voltage or placement of components under high or excessive voltage stresses. . In addition, this device, method and system should provide significant power factor calibration when connected to an AC line for input power. As such, it would be desirable to provide such an apparatus, method and system for controlling the brightness, color temperature and color of the illumination device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide various advantages for supplying power to a nonlinear load, such as an LED. Various exemplary embodiments may supply A. Line power to one or more LEDs, including LEDs for high brightness applications, provides a comprehensive reduction in LED driver size and cost and increases LED efficiency and application. Exemplary devices, methods and systems can be suitably rewritten and operated over a relatively wide range of AC input voltages while providing the desired voltage or voltage and without excessive overvoltage or excessive voltage stress. Internal voltage or placement of components. In addition, a variety of exemplary equipment, 201134295 method and system implementation (four) n provide the λ λα 1 * 卿 ing power: pure for obvious power factor correction. An exemplary less capacitance at the coffee output point, which significantly improves reliability. The device, method, and system embodiments provide the ability to control the luminosity, color temperature, and color of the illumination. Of course, many of the obvious advantages of the exemplary embodiment should be emphasized. Qualitative addition: The second embodiment can implement power factor correction, which results in the use of 曰 rate: = brightness and significant energy storage. Second, (4) the cycle at least - * LED in most of the - part AC is reduced + due to the degree of utilization of this degree, the total number of LEDs can be generated compared to other devices with more LEDs Light output. Embodiments of the receiving method can be disclosed to provide power to a plurality of light emitting diodes that can be lightly coupled to a voltage, the plurality of light emitting diodes can be formed into a plurality of light emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a plurality of Switching/body, the plurality of light-emitting diodes are consumed to correspond to the switching of the selected segment of the LEDs into or out of the series. The embodiment of the non-standard method includes: monitoring the first-level: in the first part of the AC voltage interval, when the first parameter reaches the first pre-electricity, the corresponding segment LED is switched into the series LED motor circuit. Searching; and in the second part less than the first to the voltage range, when the first parameter minus the illuminance = 疋 level, the corresponding segment LED is switched out of the series tributary nine-pole current path. In the current mode embodiment, the first parameter is the current level of the series LED L. In various exemplary embodiments, the method substantially maintains the current level of the four-string lion LED current path on the first predetermined singular μ in accordance with step 201134295. Also in various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes .Α▲. at the first. In the AC voltage range, when the first number of times reaches the third predetermined level, > 吟 切换 switches the next corresponding segment of the LED into the string «light diode current path#; and in the second part When the first parameter of the s voltage range is reduced to the -^^ fourth pre-turn level, the corresponding segment LED is switched out of the series LED current path.

The exemplary method embodiment further includes: during the first portion of the AC °°, when the LED current continuously reaches the predetermined peak level, the corresponding segment LEDs are successively switched into the series. The light-emitting diode has a diameter of 4; and in the second part of the AC voltage interval, when the level of the rectified AC power is reduced to a corresponding voltage level, the corresponding slave diode is switched out of the series LED current path. . Corresponding section of the light-emitting diode switching out of the string is not 1 & in the example of the case of the series of LED light-emitting diode current path system 盥 sub-section of the light: the polar body switching person (four) hair body current, opposite order. Wang: In an exemplary method embodiment, a time or time interval can be used as a parameter. For example, the first parameter and the second parameter are time or - or more time intervals ' or time-based, or - or more clock cycles. Also for example, the exemplary method embodiment further includes: a plurality of time intervals of the finals, which correspond to a plurality of segments of the LED for the == part of the AC voltage interval; and the second plurality of time intervals, Corresponding to a plurality of segments of the LEDs for the second portion of the AC voltage; In this regard, the exemplary embodiment proceeds to step 2:; 10 201134295 ^ In the AC voltage range, when each time interval of the first plurality of time intervals expires, the next segment of the light-emitting diode is switched into The series-connected LED current path; and in the second partial AC voltage interval, when each time interval of the second complex 7 time interval expires, the next segment of the light-emitting diode is switched out of the series in reverse order Light-emitting diode current path. The various exemplary method embodiments of beta may further comprise determining that the Ac voltage is = phase modulated, such as by a dimmer switch. The exemplary method embodiment includes, when the AC voltage is phase-modulated, switching a segment of the LED into the series LED current path, which corresponds to a phase-adjusted I AC voltage level, or When the AC voltage is phase-modulated, a length of the LED is switched into the series LED current path, which corresponds to the time interval of the phase-modulated AC voltage. In addition, when the ac voltage is phase-modulated, the exemplary method embodiment further includes: maintaining the parallel-light-emitting diode current path through the first-switch, while switching the next-stage light-emitting diode into the series through the second switch Light-emitting diode current path. Various exemplary method embodiments may further include whether or not the A Ae voltage is phase modulated. The method further includes: when the AC voltage is phase-modulated, switching the segment-emitting diode into the series-connected LED current path, which corresponds to the phase-adjusted AC voltage level; #AC voltage is phase-modulated 'Switching-segment LEDs are switched into the series LED current path, which corresponds to the phase modulation AC current level; when the AC voltage is phase-modulated, a segment of the LED is switched into the series illumination a diode current path corresponding to a phase interval of the phase-modulated AC voltage; or when the Ac voltage is phase-modulated, maintaining a parallel-lighting W diode 11 201134295 current path through the first switch while passing through the second The switch switches the lower-segment LED into the series LED current path. Various exemplary embodiments may also be provided for power factor correction. The method of the exemplary method further comprises: if the following-stage LED is switched into the series LED current path, determining whether there is sufficient time to remain in the AC voltage range of the first portion for The illuminating diode current reaches a predetermined peak level' and when there is sufficient time to remain in the AC voltage interval of the _th portion for the illuminating diode current to reach a predetermined peak level, the next segment of the illuminating diode is switched into the series illuminating Diode current path. Also, when there is insufficient time to remain in the first portion of the AC voltage interval for the LED current to reach a predetermined peak level, the exemplary method embodiment further includes not switching the next segment of the LED into the series dipole Body current path. Also in various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes: switching a plurality of illuminating diodes to form a first series illuminating diode current path, and switching the plurality of illuminating diodes to form a second series illuminating A diode current path is coupled in parallel with the first series-connected LED current path. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the selected segment of light emitting diodes of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises a light emitting diode having an emission spectrum of a different color or wavelength. In this exemplary embodiment, the method further includes selectively switching the selected segment of the LED to the series LED current path to provide a corresponding illumination effect, and/or to emit the selected segment The polar body is selectively switched into the series light-emitting diode current path to provide a corresponding color temperature. In an exemplary embodiment, it discloses a device that can be coupled to receive an AC voltage. 12 201134295 The device contains: a set of steaming crying _ whole machine benefits, providing - integrating AC voltage 丨 complex number = 3⁄4: polar body' Coupled in series to form a plurality of segments of light-emitting diodes 4 4H 'which are correspondingly (four) coupled to a plurality of segments of light-emitting diodes to switch the light-emitting diodes of the selected segment into or out of a series-connected LED current path ;-Ray, *-type Μ electric / melon sensing thief, sensing a light-emitting diode current level, and a controller, coupled to the flu detector, in the first part of the rectification: two and to the electric In the Ε Ε 且 当 当 当 当 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光During the AC voltage interval and when the light is emitted by the second predetermined voltage level, the controller may switch the light-emitting body of the corresponding segment out of the series light-emitting diode current path. In an embodiment, the controller further maintains the illumination substantially above the __ level. In the first part of the squad, when the current level of the illuminating diode reaches the third predetermined level, the next corresponding segment of the illuminating diode is further switched into the: ==polar current path; and in the second material Eight. Voltage interval: When the diode current level is reduced to the fourth predetermined level, the control 2: the step-by-step will switch the discharge diode current path of the corresponding segment LED. In this embodiment of the non-standard device, the device further includes a plurality of resistors of the plurality of resistors coupled in series to a corresponding switch of the (four) switch. Each resistor is on a high voltage side of the corresponding switch, or each resistor 13 201134295 is coupled to a low voltage side of the corresponding switch. The exemplary apparatus further includes a switcher coupled to a resistor' in series coupled to at least a segment of the plurality of LEDs of the plurality of light emitting diodes. In an exemplary embodiment, the final segment of the plurality of light emitting diodes is always coupled in the series LED current path. The 戎 controller is further coupled to the plurality of illuminating diodes to receive the voltage level of the corresponding node. In another exemplary embodiment, at least one switch of the plurality of switches is coupled to the rectifier to receive the rectified AC voltage. In another exemplary apparatus embodiment, the controller progresses and stores a corresponding rectified AC voltage level value when the LED current level reaches a predetermined peak level within the first portion of the rectified AC voltage interval. And the corresponding segment LEDs are successively switched. The series LED motor path is in the second part of the & AC money interval 0. When the rectified AC voltage level is reduced to the corresponding value, the controller enters Steps switch the corresponding segment LEDs out of the series LED current path, and do so in the reverse order of switching the corresponding segment LEDs to switch the human LED output current path. In various exemplary embodiments, the controller may further determine to phase change the rectified AC voltage. In this exemplary embodiment, when the rectified AC voltage is phase-modulated, the controller further switches the segment diode into the series LED current path, which corresponds to the AC voltage level 'Or switch a light-emitting diode into the _binary diode current path', which is the time between the whole & AC f pressure level, 14 201134295. In another exemplary device embodiment, the controller further passes the field voltage phase-modulated current path through the field: while the first: wide sustain-parallel light-emitting two-way drag-in is generated by the first switch The lower-segment LED is switched into the series LED current path. In various exemplary embodiments, the control state can also implement a type of ', positive. In this exemplary device embodiment, the controller can progress to determine if there is sufficient time to remain in the first portion of rectification A, assuming that the diode is switched to the series dimming diode current path. The voltage interval is for the LED current level to reach a predetermined peak level. In this exemplary embodiment, the controller further switches the lower-segment LED when there is sufficient time to remain in the first-part rectified AC voltage range for the illuminating diode current level to reach a predetermined peak level. Entering the series LED current path; and when there is insufficient time to remain in the first portion of the rectified ac voltage range for the LED current level to reach a predetermined peak level, the controller does not further move the next segment The pole body switches into the series LED current path. In another exemplary embodiment, the controller further switches the plurality of LEDs to form a first series LED current path, and switches the plurality of LEDs to connect the first series LEDs in parallel A second series-connected LED current path of the bulk current path is formed. In various exemplary embodiments, the device operates at a rectified AC voltage frequency substantially at approximately i Hz, 120 Hz, 300 Hz, 360 Hz, or 400 Hz. Furthermore, the device further comprises a plurality of phosphor coatings or layers each of which is coupled to a plurality of light-emitting diodes of a plurality of light-emitting diodes 201134295 and each phosphor coating The layer or layer then has a bright or luminescent decay time constant between about 2 and 3 milliseconds. Another exemplary device can also be coupled to receive an AC voltage, the device comprising: a first plurality of light emitting diodes 'separated in series to form a first plurality of light emitting diodes; the first plurality of switching The device is coupled to the first plurality of light-emitting diodes to switch a selected segment of the light-emitting diode into or out of a first series-connected LED current path; a sense of current a detector that determines a light-emitting diode current level; and a controller that is coupled to the plurality of switches and to the current sensor, in a first portion of a rectified AC voltage interval and corresponding to illumination a diode current level, the controller generates a first control signal to switch a corresponding segment of the first plurality of LEDs into the first series LED current path; A corresponding partial-segment LED of the first plurality of LEDs can be switched out of the first series LED current path in the two partial AC voltage intervals and corresponding to the LED current level. In an exemplary device embodiment, the apparatus may further include: a second plurality of light emitting diodes coupled in series to form a second plurality of light emitting diodes; and a second plurality of switches Coupled to the second plurality of light emitting diodes to switch a selected segment of the second plurality of light emitting diodes into or out of a second series light emitting diode current path; wherein the controller is further coupled to a second plurality of switches, and further generating a corresponding control signal to switch the plurality of segments of the second plurality of LEDs to form a second series LED current path in parallel with the first series LED current path . The polarity of the second-coupled diode current path 16 201134295 is opposite to the first series-connected LED current path, or the first current flowing through the first series-connected one-pole current path is opposite to the second_link A second current that illuminates the one-pole current path. In still another of the various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a current limiting circuit; a dimming interface circuit; a direct current (DC) power supply circuit coupled to the controller, and/or a temperature protection circuit Another exemplary method embodiment can be disclosed to provide power to a plurality of light emitting diodes that are coupleable to receive an AC voltage, the plurality of light emitting diodes being coupled in series to form a plurality of segments of light emitting diodes, each Each segment includes a light-emitting diode, and the plurality of light-emitting diodes are depleted to a corresponding plurality of switches to switch the selected segment light-emitting diodes into or out of a series light-emitting diode current path. The exemplary method embodiment includes: determining and storing a second parameter value in a first parameter within a first portion of the AC voltage interval, and switching a corresponding segment LED to the series LED current And wherein in the second partial AC voltage interval, the second parameter is monitored and when the current value of the second parameter is substantially equal to the stored value, the corresponding segment LED is switched out of the series LED current path. In an exemplary embodiment, the 'Ac voltage includes a rectified AC voltage, and the non-standard method further includes determining when the rectified AC voltage is substantially near zero and generating a synchronization signal. The exemplary method also further includes determining the AC voltage interval from at least one of a decision of when the rectified AC voltage is substantially near zero. In various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes rectifying the ac voltage to provide a rectified AC voltage. For example, in this exemplary embodiment, 17 201134295 the first parameter is the light emitting diode current level and the second parameter is the rectified AC input voltage level. Other combinations of parameters are equally within the scope of the present patent application, including, for example, LED current levels, peak LED current level levels, and optical brightness levels. In this exemplary embodiment, the method further includes, when the first portion of the rectified AC voltage interval is illuminated

When the diode current level reaches a predetermined peak value, determining and storing the first value of the rectified AC input voltage level and switching the first segment of the LED to the series LED current path; monitoring the LED current Level; and in the first partial AC voltage interval, when the LED current reaches a predetermined peak value successively, determining and storing the second value of the rectified AC input voltage level and switching the second segment LED into the Series LED current path in series. (This predetermined value can be determined in a number of different ways, such as explicitly stated beforehand offline or explicitly stated or calculated before the time the circuit is operational, such as during the previous AC cycle). The exemplary method also includes: monitoring the rectified AC voltage level; and switching the second-stage light-emitting diode out of the series-emitting light when the rectified AC voltage level reaches a second value in the second partial ac voltage interval a diode current path; and in the second portion of the AC voltage interval, when the rectified AC voltage level reaches a first value, the first segment of the LED is switched out of the series LED current path. Also in various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes determining and storing a correspondence of the rectified AC voltage level when the illuminating diode current successively reaches a predetermined peak level in the first portion of the AC voltage interval The value and the corresponding segment of the LED are switched into the series current dipole 18 201134295 body current path; to 9 + A p γ in the second part of the AC voltage range, when the rectified AC power When the level is reduced to a corresponding electric water, the corresponding # of the light-emitting diode is switched out of the series light--the Φ, ώ " In this exemplary manner, σ, the corresponding segment LED is switched out of the series LED-current path and the current path of the corresponding LED is switched into the series LED current path. In reverse order. In another exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: determining, during the first portion of the AC voltage interval, a one of the rectified AC input voltage levels when the LED current reaches a predetermined peak level a first value; and when a value of the rectified AC voltage is substantially equal to or greater than a predetermined voltage threshold, the corresponding segment of the light emitting diode is switched into the series LED current path. In various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes monitoring a light-emitting diode current level; and determining, during the second partial AC voltage interval, when the light-emitting diode current level is greater than a predetermined peak level by a predetermined amplitude And storing a new second parameter value and switching the corresponding segment LED to the series LED current path. In another exemplary method embodiment, the method further includes: switching a plurality of segments of the light emitting diode to form a first series LED current path; and switching the plurality of LEDs to form a parallel phase - A second series-connected LED current path of the series LED current path. Various exemplary embodiments may also provide for a second series-connected LED current path having a direction or polarity opposite the first series-connected LED current path, such as for use in the negative portion of the AC cycle Conduction current, 19 201134295 ^ The first string of light-emitting diode current conducts electricity in the positive part of the AC cycle. In this regard, in a third portion of the AC voltage interval, the method further includes switching the second plurality of light emitting diodes to form a second series light emitting diode current path, the The series LED current path in the first AC voltage interval has an opposite polarity, and in the fourth portion AC voltage interval, the second plurality of LEDs are switched out of the second series LED current path. Another exemplary embodiment is a device that is coupled to receive an AC voltage. An exemplary apparatus includes: a rectifier that provides a rectified AC voltage; a plurality of light emitting diodes coupled in series to form a plurality of segments of light emitting diodes; and a plurality of switches coupled to the plurality of segments of light a polar body for switching a selected segment of the light emitting diode into or out of a series of LED current paths; a current sensor for sensing a current level of the LED; a voltage sensor, sensing a rectified AC voltage level; a memory storing a plurality of parameters; and a controller coupled to the plurality of switches, to the memory, to the current sensor, and to the voltage sensor, at the first The controller may determine and store the corresponding value of the rectified ac voltage level in the memory in the rectified AC voltage range and when the illuminating diode current level reaches the predetermined peak illuminating current level, and may correspondingly The segment light emitting diode switches into the series light emitting diode current path; and in the second partial rectified AC voltage interval, the controller can monitor the rectified AC voltage level and when rectifying the AC voltage level When the current value corresponding to a value substantially equal to the level of the rectified AC voltage stored in 'section corresponding to the light emitting diodes of the series switches the light-emitting diode current path. 20 201134295 In this exemplary device embodiment, the controller further generates a corresponding synchronization signal when the rectified AC voltage level is substantially near zero. In various non-limiting embodiments, the controller further determines the rectified Ac voltage interval from at least one decision that the rectified AC voltage level is substantially near zero. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller further determines and stores the rectified AC voltage when the LED current level reaches the predetermined peak LED current level in the first portion of the rectified AC voltage interval. The first value of the level is in the memory _, and the first-stage light-emitting diode is switched into the xiaolian light-emitting diode current path, and the light-emitting two (four) current level is monitored, and when the rectified Ac_voltage interval is In one part, when the current level of the LED is subsequently reached to the pre-peak LED current level, the controller further determines and stores the second value of the AC voltage level in the memory. And switching the second LED to the series LED current path. In an exemplary device embodiment, the controller further monitors the "house level' and when the rectified AC voltage level reaches the stored second value within the first portion of the rectified AC voltage interval: When the series-connected LED current path stores the value-value, the first-stage light-emitting diode = the diode current path. / Shenlian sends the first in another embodiment of the device, the controller enters the LED current level, and when in the rectified AC voltage region gate (10), the LED current level is again::- When the attack peak level 21 201134295, the controller further determines and stores a corresponding next value of the rectified AC voltage level in the memory, and switches the next segment of the light emitting diode into the series LED current path. . In this exemplary apparatus embodiment, the controller further monitors the rectified AC voltage level and, within a second portion of the rectified ac voltage interval, when the rectified AC voltage level reaches a next rectified AC voltage level, The corresponding one-stage light-emitting diode switches the current-sense diode current path. In various exemplary embodiments, the controller further monitors a light-emitting diode current level; and in the second portion of the rectified AC voltage range The controller further determines and stores another corresponding value of the rectified AC voltage level, and switches the corresponding segment LED into the current when the current level of the LED is greater than a predetermined peak level by a predetermined amplitude Series LED current path in series. Also in various exemplary embodiments, the controller further switches the plurality of light emitting diodes to form a first series light emitting diode current path, and switches the plurality of light emitting diodes to form a parallel first light. A second series-connected LED current path of the diode current path. As mentioned above, in various exemplary embodiments, each of the selected segments of the plurality of light-emitting diodes comprises a light-emitting diode having an emission spectrum of a different color or wavelength. In this exemplary device embodiment, the controller further selectively switches the selected segment LEDs into the series LED current path # to provide a corresponding illumination effect and/or The selected segment of light emitting diodes is selectively switched into the series light emitting diode current path 'to provide - a corresponding color temperature. 22 201134295 Another exemplary device embodiment can also be surfaced to receive an a C voltage, the exemplary device comprising: a first plurality of light emitting diodes, serially consuming & to form a first plurality of light emitting diodes The first plurality of switches are coupled to the first plurality of light emitting diodes to switch the selected cardiac light emitting diodes into or out of a first series light emitting diode motor in response to a control signal a switch, a memory coupled to the plurality of switches and the memory, responsive to a first parameter and within the first portion of the AC voltage interval, the controller determines a second The parameter value is stored in the core body and generates a first control signal to switch a corresponding segment of the first plurality of segments of the light-emitting diode into the first series-connected LED motor circuit. And in a second part of the alternating current voltage interval, when a current value of the second parameter is substantially equal to the stored value, a first control Z signal may be generated to connect a corresponding segment of the first plurality of light emitting diodes The light-emitting diode switches out the first competition Diode current path. In an exemplary embodiment, the first parameter and the second parameter include the following time-to-day parameters, or—or more time intervals, or time-based parameters, or one or more clock cycles . In an exemplary device embodiment, the controller further determines to correspond to the first plurality of segments of illumination: a first plurality of time intervals of the plurality of segments of the polar body for use in the first portion of the AC voltage interval And determine the second plurality of time intervals corresponding to the plurality of segments of the light-emitting diode for the alternating current voltage: part. In another embodiment of the device, the controller further... the memory obtains a plurality of segments of the corresponding plurality of segments of the first-complex segment of the light-emitting diode = 23 201134295 for a plurality of time intervals for the AC voltage The first portion of the interval and the second plurality of time intervals corresponding to the plurality of segments of the LED are used for the second portion of the AC voltage range. In this exemplary embodiment, during the first portion of the first plurality of time intervals, the controller further generates a corresponding control signal to illuminate the next segment in the first portion of the alternating current voltage interval. The diode is switched into the series LED current path; and in the second portion of the alternating current voltage interval, the corresponding control signal is generated in the reverse order when each of the second plurality of time intervals expires And switching the next segment of the light emitting diode out of the series LED current path. In various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a rectifier to provide a full *IL AC voltage. For the exemplary embodiments, the controller can generate a corresponding sync signal when the rectified AC voltage is substantially near zero. . Also for such exemplary embodiments, the controller further determines the rectified voltage interval from at least one decision that the rectified AC voltage level is substantially near zero. Also in various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a current sensor coupled to the controller; and a voltage sensor coupled to the controller. For example, the first parameter is the LED current level and the second parameter is the voltage level. For such exemplary embodiments, the controller further determines and stores a first value of the alternating current voltage level when the 'one light emitting diode current reaches a predetermined peak level in the first portion of the alternating current voltage interval. s in the body, and generate a first control signal to switch the first-stage illuminating two 24 201134295 polar body - the first segment into the first series illuminating diode current path, and when in the alternating current voltage interval In the _ portion, when the LED current reaches the peak value, the controller determines and stores the next value of the parent current voltage level in the memory, and generates a control signal to Switching the next segment of the first plurality of segments of the LED into the first series of LED body current paths. When the 'AC voltage level reaches the lower value' in the second part of the rectified AC voltage range, the controller further generates another control signal to switch the next segment out of the first-series LED current path; In the second portion of the rectified AC voltage range, the second shunt signal may be generated when the AC voltage level reaches the b value to switch the first segment out of the first series LED current path. In various exemplary embodiments, in the first portion of the alternating current voltage interval, when the light-emitting diode current successively reaches a predetermined peak level, the corresponding value of the alternating current voltage level is stored. And successively generate-corresponding control signals to switch the corresponding segments of the light-emitting diodes into the first series-connected LED current path; Six Φ Φ /Si-I- no ^ and the second in the AC product 4 In some parts, when the AC voltage level is reduced, 丨, corresponding to the voltage level, the controller further controls the corresponding signal to switch the corresponding segment of the first plurality of LEDs out of the LED current path. . For example, the controller "吐_[#J step-by-step generates corresponding control signals successively to switch the corresponding segment out of the _string* table one-pole current path, and switches the corresponding segment & The 光 光 光 电流 电流 电流 电流 . 串联 串联 串联 串联 串联 串联 串联 串联 串联 串联 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在For the exemplary embodiments, when the AC electric dust is phase-modulated, the controller further generates a corresponding control signal to switch a segment of the first plurality of LEDs into the first series LED. The polar body current path corresponds to a phase-modulated alternating current voltage level and/or a time interval of the phase-modulated AC power level. For the exemplary embodiments, when the alternating current voltage is phase-modulated, the controller further generates a corresponding control signal to maintain a parallel second light-emitting diode current path via the first switch, and simultaneously The lower segment of the plurality of segments of the LED is switched into the first series LED current path via the second switch. In another of the various exemplary embodiments, if the next segment of the first plurality of LEDs is switched into the first-series light-emitting diode current circuit, the controller can further determine whether sufficient time is maintained. The first portion of the alternating current voltage interval 'for a light-emitting diode current to reach a predetermined peak level, and if so, 'progressively generated-corresponding to the control signal, to the first-multi-segment light-emitting diode The next segment switches into the first series LED current path. In still another of the exemplary embodiments, in the second portion of the alternating current voltage interval, and when the light emitting diode current level is greater than a predetermined peak level by a predetermined amplitude, the (four) controller further determines and The new value of the second parameter is stored and a corresponding control signal is generated to switch the corresponding segment of the first plurality of light emitting diodes into the first series-connected LED current path. In various exemplary embodiments, the controller further generates a corresponding control 26 201134295 system No. 2 to switch the plurality of segments of the first plurality of segments of the LED to form a parallel first string of 5 1 1 发光 LED output current The second series of paths of the path. The optical two-stream path. In various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus further includes a second plurality of light emitting diodes that are coupled in series to form a second plurality of light emitting diodes, and a second plurality of switches that are Coupling to the second plurality of segments of the light-emitting body to switch the selected segment of the second plurality of light-emitting diodes into or out of a second series-connected LED current path; wherein the controller advances the coupling to the first a plurality of switches, and a corresponding control is generated: the plurality of segments of the second plurality of light-emitting diodes are switched to form a second series-connected diode of the first series-connected LED current path Body current path. For example, the second series-connected LED current path has a polarity opposite to that of the first series-connected LED current path. Similarly, for example, the direction of the first current flowing through the first series-connected LED current path is opposite to the second current flowing through the second series-connected LED current path. Similarly, for example, the controller further generates a corresponding control signal to switch the plurality of segments of the plurality of slave light-emitting diodes to form a first series-connected LED current path within the positive polarity of the alternating current voltage, and further generate corresponding control The signal switches the plurality of segments of the second plurality of segments to form a second series LED current path within a negative polarity of the parent current voltage. & In various exemplary apparatus embodiments, the first plurality of switches comprise a plurality of bipolar junction transistors or a plurality of field effect transistors. Also in various embodiments of the non-standard device, the device further includes a plurality of three 27 201134295 state switchers, the system comprising: a plurality of operational amplifiers, correspondingly coupled to the first plurality of switches; and a second plurality of switches Correspondingly coupled to the plurality of switches; and a third plurality of switches, correspondingly coupled to the first plurality of switches. Various exemplary embodiments may also be provided for various switching configurations or configurations. In various exemplary embodiments, each switch of the first plurality of switches is coupled to the first portion of the corresponding segment of the first plurality of light-emitting diodes and coupled to the first plurality of light-emitting diodes The second end of the last segment of the body. In another of the various exemplary embodiments, each of the first plurality of switches is coupled to the first end of the corresponding segment of the first plurality of light emitting diodes and coupled to the first plurality of segments The second end of the corresponding segment of the diode. In still another of the various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus can further include a second plurality of switches. In this exemplary embodiment, each switch of the first plurality of switches is coupled to the first end of the first segment of the first plurality of segments and coupled to the first plurality of segments One of the pole bodies corresponds to the second end of the segment; and wherein each switch of the second plurality of switches is coupled to the second end of the corresponding segment of one of the first plurality of light emitting diodes and coupled to the first plurality The second end of the last segment of the segmented LED. In still another exemplary embodiment, each of the selected segment light emitting diodes of the plurality of light emitting diodes includes a light emitting diode having a different color light emitting spectrum. For the exemplary embodiments, the controller further generates a corresponding control signal 'to selectively switch the selected segment LEDs to the first series of LEDs 4 Provide a corresponding illuminating effect, and/or provide - a corresponding color temperature. In various exemplary embodiments, the controller further includes an analog to digital converter that can be consuming to the -th sensor; the second analog to digital converter can be combined to a second sense Detector; :::: γτ driver, one to the first - complex = comparator. r $ control benefits include a plurality of analogies in various exemplary embodiments, the first parameter is a small parameter & Ding Quan also., the first parameter is included to the time period, a peak current level, - an average voltage level, - moving average electric...,: ρ., 塾水千, - average output optical brightness level, - moving average output optical brightness level, a peak output optical brightness level, or - day; volume level "b outside" in another - An exemplary embodiment, the first phase parameter, such as voltage level or current water, another exemplary device actual pressure, the device comprises: a first-re-H-receiving-electrical electric light-emitting body, coupled in series Forming a t-segment LED; the first plurality of switches are lightly coupled to the plurality of LEDs to switch the segment LEDs into or out of the first-series illumination in response to the control signal Diode power! path; at least one sensor; and a control circuit that is lightly coupled to = several switches 15 and the at least one sensor, responding to a first parameter and at the intersection 29 201134295 - the first - In some parts, the controller determines the second parameter value and generates a first control signal to switch a corresponding segment of the first plurality of LEDs into the first series LED current path. And in the second part of one of the alternating current voltage intervals, when the current value of the second parameter is substantially equal to the corresponding decision value, the second control signal may be generated to connect a corresponding segment of the first-complex illumination diode The light emitting diode switches out the first series light emitting diode current path. In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit further calculates or obtains from the memory - a plurality of segments of the corresponding plurality of light emitting diodes in the first plurality of light emitting diodes The first plurality of time intervals of the body are used for the first voltage of the alternating current voltage interval, and the calculation 4 obtains the first plurality of time intervals corresponding to the plurality of segments of the light-emitting diode for the alternating current voltage interval Second, in the exemplary embodiment, in the first part of the alternating current voltage interval, the control circuit is generated step by step when every __ time interval of the first plurality of time intervals expires - a corresponding control signal for switching the next segment of the light-emitting diode into the series LED current path, and in the second portion of the intersection/voltage range, at each of the second plurality of time intervals When the interval expires, the corresponding control signal is generated in the reverse order to switch the lower-segment LED to the series LED current path. In another exemplary embodiment, the device further includes a memory. Body, in order to store a plurality of decision values. In various exemplary embodiments, the parameter: the parameter is - the light-emitting diode > the number is decorated - the voltage water is in the first part of the alternating current voltage range, when a light 2 30 201134295 When the polar current is successively this & 丨 _ ... pre-level, the control circuit further determines and stores the AC voltage level, the corresponding value in the memory, and successively generates a corresponding control signal Switching the correspondence between the first and second-segment LEDs into the first-series light-emitting diode current path; and in the first-to-the-current ja & When the electric voltage level is reduced to a corresponding voltage level, the control unit further generates a corresponding control signal to successively cut out the corresponding segment of the first-complex segment of the light-emitting diode. The first series of illuminating-polar body current paths. In another exemplary embodiment, the first parameter and the second parameter are the same parameter, and the method includes a voltage or a current level, and wherein the voltage or current level is within the first portion of the alternating current voltage interval. Receiving a predetermined level, the (4) circuit further sequentially generates a corresponding control signal to switch a corresponding segment of the first plurality of light-emitting diodes into the first-series light-emitting two (four) current path; and the alternating current voltage interval In the second part, when the voltage or current level is reduced to a corresponding level, the 'β ϋ control ϋ further generates a corresponding control signal to switch the corresponding segment of the first plurality of light-emitting diodes out of the first series Light-emitting diode current path. Another exemplary apparatus embodiment is an apparatus that is coupled to receive an alternating current voltage, the apparatus comprising: a rectifier providing - integrating alternating current [, a plurality of light emitting poles, which are coupled in series to form a plurality a segmented light emitting diode; a plurality of switches, each switch of the plurality of switches being coupled to a first end of a corresponding segment of the first plurality of light emitting diodes and coupled to the first plurality of light emitting diodes a second end of the last segment; a current sensor' senses a light-emitting diode current level; a voltage sensor, 31 201134295 sensing-rectifying alternating current power level; a memory, storing a plurality of parameters; And a controller that is lightly coupled to the plurality of switches, to the memory, to the current sensor, and to the voltage sensor, in a first portion of the rectified alternating current voltage (4) and when the light is When the polar body current level reaches a predetermined peak light-emitting diode current level, the controller determines and stores the corresponding value of the rectified intersection "_L electric voltage level in the memory and generates a corresponding control tiger. Switching the singular light-emitting diode into the series LED current path; and in the second portion of the rectified AC voltage range, and when the current value of the rectified AC current is substantially equal to the rectified AC When the voltage level stores the corresponding value, the controller may generate a corresponding control signal to switch the corresponding segment LED to the SINA LED current path. Other advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the invention and the appended claims. [Embodiment] While the present invention is susceptible to various embodiments of the invention, these are shown in the drawings and will be described in detail in the specific exemplary embodiments. The present examples are not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments shown. In this aspect, prior to explaining at least one embodiment consistent with the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited by the foregoing and the following description, The details of the structure in the example and the arrangement of the components. The method and apparatus consistent with the present invention are capable of other embodiments, 32 201134295 and are capable of being implemented in a variety of ways. Similarly, it is to be understood that the phrase "a", "an" and "comprises" are used herein for the purpose of description and should not be construed as limiting. 1 is a block diagram of a first exemplary device 100 in accordance with the teachings of the first embodiment of the present invention. The first exemplary system 5A includes a first exemplary device 100 (

J is considered to be an off-line AC LED driver), which is coupled to the AC (, , , ) line 1〇2, where it is equally considered to be an AC power line or ΑΓ®, s, ^ power supply, such as Use electrical cords or other AC mains power supplies provided by electrical appliances.妙妙-# ω virtual power, although the non-standard embodiment refers to this ACfg or electricity (four) instructions 'But it should be understood that the invention should be applied to any voltage or current that changes with time, which is defined in more detail as follows . The first exemplary device 1A includes a plurality of LEDs 14A, a plurality of switches ιι (for example, displayed by a MOSFET), a controller 12A, and a (first) current sensor 1 15 Rectifier 1〇5, and optional voltage sensor 195 and DC power (, Vcc, ,) are used to provide power to controller 12 and other selected components. The exemplary DC power circuit 125 can be implemented in a number of different configurations and provided within a variety of exemplary devices (丨〇〇, 2〇〇, 3〇〇, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, Many different locations of 1〇〇〇, 11〇〇, 12〇〇, 13〇〇), many exemplary DC power circuits 125 are shown with reference to Figures 18-20, as discussed, for example, an exemplary dc power supply 丨25 can. Different ways of midnight are coupled into the exemplary device, such as, but not limited to, between points 13 1 and 1 17 or between nodes 1 3 1 and 1 34. The exemplary galvanic sensor 1 95 can also be implemented in a number of different configurations and can be provided in a variety of exemplary devices (1, 200, 3, 4, 5, 600, 700, The exemplary voltage sensor 195A is implemented as a voltage divider circuit, which is shown and discussed with reference to Figures 4 and 5, in many different locations of the 2011, 314, 1200, 1300. Also, for example, the 'exemplary voltage sensor m' can be integrated into an exemplary device in many different ways, such as, for example, and without limitation, between nodes 131 and 117 or in other locations. Also optionally, the memory 185 can be included as such for storing various time periods, currents or voltage levels; in various exemplary embodiments, controlling $12 〇 already includes various types of memory 185 (eg, temporarily The memory 185 is such that the memory 185 cannot be a separate component. User interface 19(e.e., for various selected user inputs, such as light output) may also optionally be included in various exemplary embodiments' for example, for a desired or selected illumination effect input. Not necessarily shown in the drawings, equivalent implementations may also include isolation, such as via the use of an isolated converter, which is within the scope of the invention. Any switch 110 of 110 is a crystal 'in addition to the n-channel gold oxide shown, it should be noted that any type of switch or any type of switch or electric semiconductor field effect external crystal also includes but is not limited to bipolar Junction transistors (, BJT〃), p-channel MOSFETs, various enhancement or depletion module FETs, etc.' and any other (four) or other types of power switches can also be used In the circuit, it depends on the chosen embodiment. A rectifier 1〇5, shown as a bridge rectifier, is coupled to the ac line 1〇2 to provide a full (or half) wave rectified input voltage (,, Vin〃) and current to LEDs 140, 14〇2, 14〇3 to 14 〇 11 shows a plurality of series-connected light-emitting diodes (, LEDs) 140 of the first light-emitting diodes 14 〇], arranged or frame 34 201134295 as a plurality of series coupling segments (or strings) i 75 (The led segments are 1 751, 1 752, 1 753 to 175n.) (Rectifier 1〇5 is a full-wave rectifier, full-wave bridge, half-wave rectifier, electromechanical rectifier or other type bridge.) Although each An LED segment 1 75 is shown in Figure i, with only one corresponding LED 140' for simplicity of display, but it should be understood that each such LED segment 175 basically includes a corresponding plurality of series-integrated LEDs 14 〇 at each LED segment 175. One of the LEDs 140 is sequentially coupled in series. It should also be understood that the various LED segments 175 comprise the same (equal) number of LEDs 14 or different (unequal) number of LEDs 140, and all such variations are considered equal and Within the scope of the invention, for example and without limitation in an exemplary implementation In the example, up to 5 to .7 LEDs 140 will be included in each of the 9 LED segments 175. The various LED segments 175 and corresponding LEDs 14 including them will be serially coupled to each other, the first LED segment 175! Series is merged to the second; lED segment I?, then coupled in series to the third LED segment 1 753, etc., and the penultimate LED segment 175n" is coupled in series to the last or final led segment I75n. As illustrated, the rectifier 105 will be directly coupled to the anode of the first LEm4〇i, although other coupling arrangements are also within the scope of the invention, such as coupling through a resistor or other component, such as to a current limiting circuit 28, or an interface circuit. 240, or DC power source 125, which is shown and discussed in more detail below. The equivalent implementation process is equally useful without the use of rectifiers 1 and 5 and is discussed below. Current sensor 115 is shown and implemented with current sense resistor 165 as an exemplary form of current sensor, and all current sensor variations are considered equivalent and within the scope of the present invention Inside. This current sensor 115 can likewise be provided in its position in the device 1 2011 2011 2011 2011 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 When the current sensor 115 is coupled to the ground potential 丨丨7, the feedback () of the current level through the LED segment 175 and/or the switch 110 can be used with only one input 16 of the controller 120. Provided; in other embodiments 'additional inputs may be equally applied, such as, but not limited to, inputs such as for two or more voltage levels applied to current sensing. Other types of sensors may also be employed, such as, but not limited to, optical brightness sensors (such as second sensor 225 in FIG. 7) in place of or in addition to current sensor 115 and/or voltage. Outside the sensor 195. In addition, the current sense resistor 1 65 can also operate as a current limit sensor. A variety of DC power supplies 125 for the controller 120 can be implemented, and all such variations can be considered equivalent and within the scope of the present invention. Controller 120 (and other controllers 12〇Α-ΐ2〇ι discussed below) may be known to be implemented or become obscured in the art. It is used in any type of circuit, as discussed in more detail below, ... in general, it can also be considered as a control circuit e, for example and without limitation, 'controller 12' (with other controllers 12A- The 12〇1) or equivalent control circuit can be implemented using a digital circuit, a analog-like ratio circuit, or a combination of digital and analog circuits with or without a body circuit. Mainly, the controller 120 can be applied to provide switching control, monitoring, and response parameter doubling (eg, LED 140 current level, electrical level, optical brightness level, etc.), and can be utilized to implement various Any of the illuminating effects, chain ^ & such as withered or color temperature control. The switcher shown in the switch 1 1 〇丨, 1 1 0 Μ 〇3, to 1 10η-1 is any type of switch, the chain s is as shown in the MOSFET 36 201134295 crystal is The exemplary type of switcher is discussed in more detail below, and the right "4-type switcher (10) is within the scope of the present invention. Cut, the mind is the time-seeking 1S-mounter U0 can be correspondingly coupled to One & of the LED segment 175. As shown, the application of the μ is coupled to the Ώ ..., the cutter 110 is smashed in a one-to-one correspondence to each LED segment 〖7C a Ύ w , The cathode of the LED 140 on one end of τ, except for the last LED segment 175n. #姓,,士丄,, more particularly in the present embodiment, the first port of each switch 1 1 0 Upper mother

Anti (illusion. 汲 extreme) will be coupled to each LED

The corresponding LED l4 〇 』 mother LED of the segment 175 is the 阴极 阴极 (the cathode in this figure), and the second 矬 忐 忐 of the parent-switch 110. (eg source terminal) will be coupled to the electrical 感 sense state U 5 (or for example to ground (1) Zen potential 1 1 7 or to another salt current limiter (discussed below) A trick (for example: 132)). The gate of the parent-to-switch 1 1 会 is coupled (and under its control) to control the corresponding output 150, which is displayed with outputs 150], 15〇2, 15〇3 to BOw. In this first exemplary a ° device 100, the parent-to-switch 110 enters the current bypass function, for example, when the field switching state H0 is turned on and implemented, 2 flows through the corresponding switch and bypasses Go to the remaining (or corresponding) m® LED segment 175. For example, 'when the switch i 1〇 is turned on and implemented and the remaining switches 11 U〇 are turned off, current flows through the LED segment 175 and passes to the LED segments 1 752 to 175n; when the switch n〇2 is turned on and implemented When the eight switches are turned off, the current flows through the 1^〇 segment 175 and the two bypasses to the LED abundance and 1 753 to Π5η; when the switch 11〇3 is turned on and implemented and the remaining switches i 1G are turned off The current will flow through (10) segments 1 and 1, 1752 and 1 753 and bypass to the remaining LED segments (via 175); and when no switcher is turned on and implemented (all switches ιι〇 are off 37 201134295 closed) The current then flows through all of the LED segments 175, 1, 752, 1 753 to 175n. Thus, the plurality of LED segments 175, 1752, 1753 through 175n are coupled in series and are correspondingly coupled to a plurality of switches 11 〇 (11 〇t to 11 On-ι). According to various switcher states, the selected LED segments 1 75 can be coupled to form a series LED 140 current path, which is equivalent to being considered as a series LED 140 path. The current can flow through the selected led segment 175 and bypassed to the remaining (unselected) LED segments 175 (technically, when flowing The currents can be physically coupled in series to the selected Led segment 1 75 when they are bypassed or turned, but are no longer electrically coupled in series to the selected LED segment 175) ^According to the circuit architecture, if all switches 11 are Off, then all of the LED segments 1 75 of the plurality of Led segments 1 75 are coupled to form the series LED current path, i.e., no current to the LED segment 175 is bypassed or turned. Depending on the circuit architecture (eg, the location of the various switches i 1 )), at least one of the plurality of LED segments 1 75 [ED segment 1 75 will be coupled to form the series LED 140 current path, ie when current is flowing The system always passes through at least one LED segment 175 for this architecture. Under the control of the controller 120, a plurality of switches 〇1〇 can then be viewed as switching the selected LED segment 175 into or from the point of view of current flow. The series LED 140 current path is switched out, that is, the LED segment 175 is switched into the series LED 14 current path when not bypassed by the switch 110, and the LED segment Π5 # is bypassed or passed through the switch 11 Switched out of the series lED140 current path Stated another way, the (iv) segment 175 will be switched into the series LE D14 0 current path 'when the received current is not bypassed by the switch no or routed elsewhere, and the led segment 38 201134295 will be switched out of the series led 140 current path, which is when the current is not being routed because the current is routed elsewhere by switching the 1 1 〇. As can be understood, the controller will generate corresponding control signals to the plurality of switches 110 to selectively switch the corresponding LED segments 175 of the plurality of LED segments 175 into or out of the series LED 140 current path, such as to implement with FET or BJT. The relatively high voltage signal (binary logic 1) of the corresponding gate or base of the switch 11〇, and, for example, to the corresponding gate or base of the switch 1 10 when implemented as FET or BJT Voltage signal (binary logic 〇). Thus, the controller i 10 can switch the LED segment 175, the switch, and the reference to the LED 14G current path of the series LED 14G can be understood as implicitly meaning that the corresponding control signal is generated to include the controller to the plurality of switches. 110 and / or 'or to the interference driver or buffer circuit (shown at 21 to switch driver 405) to switch LED segment 175 into or out of the series LED 14 current path. The advantage of the switching architecture is that during the open-switching failure event due to the default, the LED segment 175 can be electrically consumed into the series LEDM〇 current path without current flowing through the switch to cause the LED segment 175 to be in the series ledi4. The 〇 current path 'to enable the illuminating device to continue to operate and provide output light. However, other exemplary embodiments of apparatus 400 as discussed below with respect to FIG. 6 also provide for switching LED segments 175 into and out of parallel and series lED 140 current paths, such as one or more (four) segments π being switched into A series LED 140 current path, one or more LED segments 175 are switched into the second series LED 140 current path, for example and without limitation, can then be switched into parallel with each other. Thus, in order to accommodate the various circuits 39 201134295 structure and switching combination of the exemplary embodiment, the LED 140 current path " will mean and include either a series LED 140 current path or a parallel LED 14 current path or both / or any combination of them. Depending on the circuit configuration, those skilled in the art will recognize which LED 140 current path is the series LED 140 current path, and which is the parallel LED 140 current path, or a combination of the two. Assuming this switching architecture, various switching schemes are possible, with corresponding currents being provided to any number of corresponding modes, numbers, durations and times - or more LED segments 1 75, while current is provided to Any number of LED segments 175, from one LED segment Π5 to several LED segments 175 to all of the LED segments 175. For example, for a time period ti (eg, selected start time and duration), the switch "〇丨 will be turned on and implemented and the remaining switch U 0 will be turned off, and current will flow through the LED segment 1 75丨 and bypass to the LED segments 1752 to 175n; for the time period t2, the switch "〇2 will be turned on and implemented and the remaining switching _i 1〇 will be turned off, and the current will flow through! ^0 segment 1751 and 1 752 and bypassed to the LED segment 1753 to η%; for a period of 't3 and 5, the switch ii 〇3 will be turned on and implemented and the remaining switch U0 will be turned off, and the current will flow through the LED Segments 175丨, 1752 and 丨3 and bypass to the remaining LED segments (via 175n); and for a period of time “without any switching 3 110 will be turned on and implemented (all switches are turned off) and current will flow Through all LED segments 175ι, 1 752 and m3 to 第 in the non-standard embodiment, a plurality of time periods ti to tn and/or corresponding input voltage levels 卩v - ten (VIN) (V丨N1 VIN2 to VlNn) and/or its gentleman level can be determined to switch current (via switch 110) with its quality corresponding or otherwise tracked (in predetermined variations or other tolerances or desired specifications 40 201134295) Grab the AC voltage (provided by the AC line 1〇2 via the rectifier ι〇5) or the more general AC voltage, so that when the rectification is relatively high, the voltage is supplied through most or all of the coffee segments m, and when the rectified slave voltage is compared When T or near zero, the current is supplied through less, one or none of the led & 175. Those already cooked谙Electronics will recognize and understand that many different parameter levels can be used equally, such as, but not limited to, time periods, peak current or voltage levels, average current or voltage levels, moving averages, current or voltage levels, instantaneous current or voltage levels. , output (average, peak or instantaneous) 々 optical brightness level 'all and all of these variations are within the scope of the present application. In the second exemplary embodiment, 'a plurality of time periods () to L and / or The corresponding input voltage level (Vin) (or other parameter level (eg, output optical brightness level) can be used to switch the current (via switch 11 〇), which corresponds to the desired illuminating effect, such as dimming (via Faced to the dimmer switch and selected or input to the device 100 β 'or via the user input of the (selective) user interface 190) such that when the rectified AC voltage is relatively high and more redundancy is selected Current can be supplied through most or all of the LEDs R 175, and when the degree is selected, the current is supplied through less, one, or none of them - 175. When a relatively low brightness level is selected, the current may be supplied through a relatively small or no L segment 175 in a known or time interval. In another exemplary embodiment, the plurality of lED segments 175 include = different types of luminescence spectrum LE_, such as luminescence in the visible range of wavelength =, 'green, color, etc.' For example, coffee section m 41 201134295 contains red LED 140 'LED segment 1 752 contains green LED 140, LED segment 1753 contains a blue LED 14 〇, and the other - LED segment 175 "includes a king white or white LED 140 and so on. In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of time periods ^ to % and/or corresponding input voltage levels (Vin) (Vini, v ' IN ny or other parameter levels may be determined to switch currents (via switch u〇) ), money should be - hope &, architectural lighting effects, such as ambient or output color control, so that current can be supplied through the corresponding led segment 1 ^ to provide corresponding illumination at the corresponding wavelength, such as red, green, Blue, Amber White and the corresponding combination of these wavelengths (for example: yellow is a combination of red and green) ° _ Some people who are familiar with this technology will recognize the innumerable switching modes and types that can be used to obtain any selected lighting effect. The LEDs 14 of the state, any and all of which are within the scope of the invention of the present application. In the above-mentioned first exemplary embodiment, wherein a plurality of time periods or corresponding input power levels (ViN) d, v (four) Up to vINn) and/or other parameter levels may be determined to switch current (via switching 110) 'reacting or otherwise tracking (within a predetermined change or its valley difference or desired specification) rectifying the AC voltage ( The controller 12 〇 periodically adjusts the number of series coupled σ LED segments 175 that provide current so that current can be supplied through most or all of the LEDs when the rectified AC voltage is relatively high, as provided by the AC source 1〇2 via the melon 105 Segment 175, and provides current through fewer, one or no LED slaves 175 when the rectified ac voltage is relatively low or near zero. For example, in selected embodiments, the peak current (, 1 ') through [ED segment 175 is substantially maintained fixed such that when the rectified ac voltage level is increased and when current is now connected via a series path, one or more 42 201134295 When the LED segment 175 is applied to the predetermined or selected ridge current level, the additional slab m can be switched into the series path; conversely, when the rectified AC voltage level is reduced, the LED & 175 now connected in series is switched successively. The series path is taken out and bypassed. The current levels through LEDi4〇 due to switching into the segment Μ (input current path) and then switching out of the LED segment 175 (from the series LEirno current path) are shown in Figures 2 and 3. More specifically, FIG. 2 is a graph showing a first exemplary load current waveform (eg, full brightness level) and an input voltage level that are not designed according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing teaching according to the present invention. A graph of two non-normal load current waveforms (eg, *low or dimming redundancy) and input voltage levels. The current levels of P 2 and 3 ' via the selected coffee section are displayed in the first half cycle of the Hertz AC cycle (input voltage ~ , , , ' 142 is not displayed) 'the step is divided into - Time period (ΓΓ1 quadrant »), which is the μ (voltage) interval == rrAc line voltage will increase from about zero volts to basin water, and the second time period (called time quadrant, Q2 "47),

Line::: The second or part of the AC (Electrical Ink) interval, where the rectified AC production time ^^ peak level is reduced to approximately zero volts. When the AC dust is integrated, 'Qr 1 (10) 6 Hz from the second half of the cycle, time quadrant 46 and time quadrant ', Q2' 47 and corresponding: real = note that rectified AC power ~ ideal, The example of the textbook is shown, but in the case of the change of the map, as shown in Figure 2, each: its system is almost exhausted. For the mother time quadrant QI and Q2, for example, 43 201134295 and not limited to seven time intervals can be The display shows that the seven LED segments 175 are switched into or out of the series LED 140 current path. In the time interval 145 ι 'When the AC cycle starts, the (4) nGi will turn on the switch U0 will turn off, current (,, v, ) Flow through the coffee section 17 = rise to pre-expansion or selected peak current water + Ip. Due to the use of the current sensor (1), when the current reaches 1?, the controller 120 will turn off by turning on the switch 11 The switch 11〇1 and the remaining switch 110 are continuously turned off to switch to the next ED segment 1 752, thereby starting the time interval 1452. The controller 12〇 can also measure or otherwise determine the duration of the time zone @M5i, or an equivalent parameter. $ '譬 as the line voltage level, here Ip will be reached for this special string Group α led enemy 175, (in this case only the first LED segment ^ | ), such as by using the voltage sensor 丨 95' shown in various exemplary embodiments and storing the corresponding information In memory 185 or another register or memory. This interval information for the selected LED 9175 combination, whether it is a time parameter, a voltage parameter or another measurement parameter, can be in the second time quadrant, Q2 '' 147 is applied to switch the corresponding LED segment 175 out of the series LED 140 current path (usually in reverse order). Continuing to refer to Figure 2 'in the time interval 14 52 is slightly behind the AC cycle, The switch 11〇2 will be turned on and implemented and the remaining switch 11〇 will be turned off, and the current (, 'ιγ ) will flow through the LED segments 175] and 175z and rise again to the pre- or the selected peak current level Ip. The sensor 1 , when the current reaches Ip, the controller 12 切换 switches to the next LED segment 1 753 by turning on the switch 丨 1 〇 3, turning off the switch 11 〇 2, and keeping the remaining switch 11 〇 continuously turned off. , thus starting the time interval 1453. Controller 1 2〇 can also measure 44 201134295 quantity or otherwise determine the duration of time interval 145z or – equivalent parameters, such as line voltage level 'here will reach 1? for this special series combination (10) paragraph 175 (in this case county section 175丨 and 1 752) and store the corresponding information in the memory 185 or another register or memory. This interval information for the selected recommendation Π5 combination, whether it is time parameter, voltage parameter or another measurement A parameter, which can be applied in the second time quadrant, Q2, i47, is used to switch the corresponding LED segment i 75 out of the tandem current path. When the rectified AC voltage level is increased, the process continues until all segments 175 have been switched into (4) LEm4 〇 current path (ie, all switches 11 关闭 will be turned off and no café segment - 175 is bypassed). The corresponding section information of the time zone M5n is stored in the memory 185. Thus, as the rectified AC line voltage (%, M2 in Figures 2 and 3) increases, the number of benefit LEDs 140 is correspondingly increased by switching into additional drains 175. In this way, the LEm4〇 application will essentially track or correspond to the AC, line voltage, so that the appropriate current can be maintained (4) (four) just (for example: within the LED device specifications), which is in the absence of complex energy storage devices and no complexity The full application of the rectification electric waste is allowed under the power conversion device. This device architecture and switching approach provides greater efficiency, increases LED 140 utilization, and allows for the use of many, typically smaller, LEDs 140, which can provide higher efficiency light output disks for better heat dissipation. And management. In addition, due to the switching frequency, the output brightness that is changed via the LED segment m = or the current of the series LED l4 〇 current path is generally not perceived by a typical human eye observer. When there is a balance resistor, in the time quadrant ', Q1146 0 (rectifier 45 201134295 AC voltage y knife before the switch to the current jump system (equation AJ- / A; V / switch

N + AN{NRd) , NV 'where v is the line voltage when the switching occurs, Rd is the dynamic impedance of the LED 140, and Ν" is in the series LED 140 current path before switching the other led segment 175 The number of LEDs 14 , and ΔΝ are switched into the number of additional LEDs 140 of the series LEm4 turbulence path. A similar equation can be obtained when the voltage is reduced in the time quadrant ', Qy 147'. (Of course, the current jump never makes the current negative, because in this case the diode current will only jump to zero.) The equation 指 means that ΔΝ is made smaller by comparing the number of LEDs 140, or : The current jump can be reduced by: ED ν, with the same dynamic impedance ' or both. In an exemplary embodiment, in the second time quadrant, Q2 „ 147, when the rectified AC line voltage is reduced, the stored interval, voltage, or other parameter: can be applied in the reverse order (eg, , , The reflection ") successively switches the corresponding (four) segment 175 out of the series LEDM current path to switch all lem 175 into the series LED 14 current path (at the end) and switches the corresponding coffee segment 175 out of the beginning until only A ued segment I75l) remains in the series LED 14 〇 current path. Continue to refer to Figure 2, in the time interval 148 „ is connected to the interval after the ♦ value or peak of the Aceus ring. All LED & 1 75 will be Switching the serial LEm4G current path (all switchers 11 〇 will be turned off and no LED segments i 75 will be bypassed) 'current (, Is)) will flow through all LED segments 175 and from their predetermined or selected peaks The current level Ip is reduced by 4 in the storage interval, voltage or other parameter information 'such as the corresponding time interval or electric dust level, when the number of times to ~ has elapsed or the rectified AC input dust has been reduced to 46 201134295 The stored voltage level may be switched by turning on; ηΓ: When the level has been reached, the controller 120 starts the time interval °148 :: the switch U〇 remains off, and the time interval u8n :: the next (four) segment Π 5η. In the lower - 1 tooth 'B1' segment 175n all the LED segments 175 are still switched into the series LEDM0 and motor circuit I, the current Is will flow through these and again from the predetermined or selected peak current water The stored interval information, back to earned ^ P by the sample S such as the corresponding time interval or the number of times the voltage has elapsed, the voltage level has reached or.  Controlling the thief 12 〇 by turning on the switch (1) closing the switch 1 lOq and making the remaining switch - i 1 〇 to start the time interval (4) „. 2 and switch out the next (four) segment ΐ75ι\ rectified AC voltage level decreases when 'this process will continue until there is only one second slave 175, stay in the series LEDm 〇 current path, time interval (4) 1 and the switching process can start again 'it is under - In the first time quadrant, Q1 146, the additional coffee segments 175 are successively switched into the series LED 140t flow path. As mentioned above, a number of different parameters can be applied to provide for switching control in the second time quadrant Q2 '147 Interval information, such as time interval (in units of time or device clock cycle, etc.), voltage level, current level, etc. In addition, the time information used in the time quadrant, Q2 " 147 is the most recent - time quadrant, information determined by Q1M46, or may be adjusted or modified in accordance with other exemplary embodiments, as discussed in more detail below with reference to Figure 23, such as to provide increased power factor correction, when the temperature of LEDMO is in use When the increase is made, the threshold value and the digits are filtered to reduce the noise, asymmetry, and the voltage in the supplied AC line voltage. Add or subtract, other voltage changes in the process of eating, A ^ ^ ^ Jia, etc. In addition, various calculations can also be performed, such as time calculation and estimation, for example, for power factor correction purposes, such as whether there is sufficient time to stay In the known interval, the current level of the measured current reaches Ip. Various other processes may also occur, such as limiting the current in the event, the current system is P or the transmission is advanced, or other current management 'such as for absorbing enough lightning Acoustic power is connected to various devices such as dimming switching. In addition, additional switching plans can also be used in the exemplary embodiment, except for the successive switching shown in ® 2. For example, based on real time information, In the increase measured in the rectified AC voltage level, the additional (four) segment 175 can be switched into 'for example and not limited to, for example, from two led segments (7) ^ LED & 175 'similar discontinuity switching system available In the voltage drop special ~ #卩 in any type of switching, continuous, non-continuous, etc. and in any type of lighting effect t, such as full brightness, dimming brightness, special effects and color temperature, all in this Please refer to the scope of the invention. Another switching change is shown in Figure 3, for example for dimming applications. As shown, there is no continuous LED segment 175 continuous in the next first time quadrant, 'Q' 146 Switching into the series LED 14 〇 current path, and the combination of various LED segments 175 will be omitted. For this application, the rectified AC input voltage can be phase modulated, for example in the first part or part (for example: 30-70 degrees) No voltage is supplied in each half cycle of the AC cycle, and a more substantial voltage jump then occurs on that phase (143 in Figure 3). Alternatively, in the time interval 145ni, in addition to led All of the LED segments 175 outside the segment η will be switched into the series LED 140 current path, 48 201134295 The electric L Is will increase very slowly to change the average -, 曰 \ current and reduce the output brightness level. Although not individually shown: a similar omission of the 疋LED segment 175 can be performed in Q2, which is the same = a reduction in the brightness level of the round. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement countless different switching combinations to achieve this brightness dimming, '. And, all such variations include modifying the average current value within each interval, or the pulse width modulation within each interval, in addition to the switching method shown, within the scope of the claimed invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize the myriad of different switching interval plans and corresponding switching methods that can be implemented within the scope of the present invention. For example, the known switching interval may be predetermined or otherwise determined in advance for each lEd slave to be equal or not equal to other switching intervals; the switching interval may be selected or privately equalized. In each LED segment i 75: the switching interval can be dynamically determined for each LED segment 175, such as for a desired or selected lighting effect; depending on feedback of the measured parameters, such as voltage or current levels, the switching interval can be Dynamically determined for each LED segment 175; the switching interval can be dynamically determined or predetermined to provide equal current for each led segment 175; the switching interval can be dynamically determined or predetermined to provide unequal current to each LED segment 175, for example, for a desired or selected lighting effect, and the like. The same should be noted. Various exemplary device embodiments can be shown to include a rectifier 105, which is a choice but not a requirement. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the exemplary embodiment can be implemented using a non-rectified AC voltage or current. Moreover, the exemplary embodiment may also use one or more LED segments 175 connected in opposite polarities (or opposite directions), or a set of LED segments 175 connected in a first polarity (direction) 49 201134295 and in a second Another set of LED segments 175 that are connected in polarity (reverse or anti-parallel direction) are architected such that, for example, and without limitation, each can receive current in a different half cycle of non-rectifying AC cycles. Continuing with this example, the first set of LED segments 175 can be switched (eg, continuous or in other order) to form a first-brain current path in the first half-cycle non-rectified AC cycle and in the opposite direction or The second set of LED segments 175 arranged in polarity can be switched (eg, continuous or in other order) to form a second ledi4 current path within the second half cycle non-rectifying AC cycle. Further continuing with this example, the non-rectified AC input voltage is now divided into Q1 and Q2 for the first half cycle of the AC cycle, and is implemented during the Q1 period as the first or part of the AC voltage interval. An example may be provided for switching the first-complex segment of the light-emitting diode to form a first-series light-emitting diode current path, and in the Q2 period as the second or part of the AC power-dissipation interval, the first-complex segment The light emitting diode switches out the first series light emitting diode current path. Then, in the case of the second half cycle AC# ring, the system can now be correspondingly divided into Q3 part or part and Q4 part or part (some are equal to ^丨 and Q2' but have opposite polarity), 纟AC voltage Within the third portion of the interval (Q3), various embodiments may be provided for switching the second plurality of segments of the LED to form a second series LED current path having a chirp formed at the first portion of the AC voltage The series-emitting diode current path in the interval has an opposite polarity 'and the second plurality of light-emitting diodes are switched out of the second series-connected LED current path in the fourth portion (q4) AC voltage interval. All such variations are considered equivalent and are within the scope of the invention. 50 201134295 As described above, the exemplary embodiment can also provide a quality or significant power factor correction. Referring again to Figure 2, an exemplary ‘ ‘target 提供 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED LED In various embodiments, switching to the next $^ and then 'such as the LED segment 175n that can cause the current to decrease, can be determined to assume that the next-wide [ΕΙ] segment 175 is switched into the series LED 140 current path. The filling time is maintained in quadrant Q1 to achieve Ip. If there is sufficient time to maintain the q Τϋ Λ Λ ^ # Vi ' next LED segment 175 will be switched into the series LED 140 current path, B ^ ή 峪仫 and if not then no additional LED segments 175 are switched into . In a slightly German production, he will be convinced that the LED 140 current will exceed the peak IP (not shown separately in _ 2) 'The true peak value of the provided LED 40 is maintained (4) should be the critical value or other specifications, such as Avoid potential damage to LEm4〇 or other circuit components. Avoid this: A variety of current limiting circuits for excessive current levels are discussed in more detail below. 4 is a block and circuit diagram showing a second exemplary system 250, a second exemplary device 200, and a first exemplary voltage sensor 195A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The second exemplary system includes a second exemplary device 2 (also referred to as an off-line ACLED driver) coupled to an alternating current (''ACT') line 102. The second exemplary device 2 (8) also includes a plurality of LEDs 140, a plurality of switches 11 (for example, a main hole thousand conductor field effect transistor display), a controller 120A, a current sensor 115, a rectifier 1〇5, and a current adjustment benefit 1 80 (shown as an operational amplifier implementation of an exemplary embodiment), complementary switches iii and i 12, and optionally = 〇〇 sporads voltage sensor 195A (to use resistors 13 and 135 The state is shown to provide a sensed input voltage level to the controller j 2〇A. N-optional, memory 51 201134295 Body 185 and/or user interface 19〇 may also be included as described above. For simplicity of illustration, the D C power supply circuit 12 5 is not individually shown in Figure 4, but is included in any of the circuit locations discussed above and discussed in greater detail below. The second exemplary system 250 and the second exemplary device 2 will operate similarly to the first device 5 〇 and the first device 1 discussed above until the LED segment 175 switches into or out of the series LED 14 〇 current path. However, different feedback mechanisms are applied with different switching implementations to allow for individual control of the peak current of each group of led segments 1 75 (eg, the first peak current of LED segments 1 75 i; the first of LED segments 1751 and 1 752) Two peak currents; LEE^^ 175丨, 2 and 1 753 second peak currents; via all [ED segments 1 75 1 to 1 75n of the 11th peak current level). More specifically, the current water + Is feed from the current sensor "5' is supplied to the corresponding inverting terminal of the current regulator 180, which is tied to the current regulators 18..., 18〇 2, 18 to 18 〇 to display to provide current adjustment of the operational amplifier to implement. Each corresponding group of LEDs 175 used to select or select the peak current level, IP2, to Ipn to display, by The controller l2〇A is provided (via the output H 17〇2, 17〇3 to 17Μ to the corresponding non-inverting terminal of the current regulator. Each - current regulator (10)i, just 2, 1 803 to 18〇's wheel The gate is coupled to the gates corresponding to the switches 11〇1, 11〇2, (10) to n〇n. In addition, the complementary switches (1) ((1)], 1112, (1) 3 to Chuan ^ and u (J U22, 1123 to U2n) Each of the gates is coupled to controller 1 20A (via via g 172 for switch ii), 172·?, 1 7? s 1 3 to 72" and via Wheel 1 of 2 1 2, ^ 1712 .  17K 5 171 ^ , 3 main)' thus provides three-state control and more fine 52 201134295 7 electric f1 - linear control module can be provided without any complement, Γ 11 and 112 are turned on and the switch 11 〇 is adjusted by the corresponding current When the controller is controlled, it compares the current Is fed back from the current sensor 115 with the group peak current level provided by the control state 120, thereby causing current to flow in and out of the switch 110 and the corresponding group of LED segments 175. . The second saturation control module can be provided when the complementary switch (1) is turned on and the corresponding switch ι 2 is turned off. The second fail-safe module can be provided when the complementary switch m is turned on and the corresponding switch ln is turned off so that current cannot flow through the corresponding switch UO. The second exemplary (four) 25G and the second exemplary device 2 〇 〇 provide control that allows to drive the corresponding group L E D segment! The flexibility of 7 at 5 o'clock has an individualized setting of current and conduction time, including a set of LED segments ι75 all omitted. 5 is a block and circuit diagram showing third and third exemplary devices 300 designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The third indication two: ; 35 〇 also includes a third exemplary device 30G (also referred to as an off-line AC LED driver) that is consuming the AC (, Acr) line 1 () 2 . The third exemplary » further 300 includes a plurality of LEDs 14 〇, a plurality of switches " 〇 (for example, display by MOS field effect transistor), controller _, current sensor " 5, rectifier 105 and any The selected voltage sensor 19" is shown with a voltage sensor 195A 'using resistors 13 〇 and 135' to provide a sense of the input power level to the controller. Also optionally, the memory (8) And/or user interface 19A may also be included as discussed above. For ease of display, DC power circuit 125 is not individually shown in Figure 5, but is included in any of the circuits discussed above and discussed in more detail below. 53 201134295 Although only three switchers no and three LED segments 175 are shown, this system 350 and device 300 architecture can be easily extended to additional led segments 175 or reduced to a smaller number of LED segments 175. Although the LED segments 175丨, 1 752 and 1753 are displayed respectively, the number of LEDs 140 in any known LED segment 175 is higher, lower, equal or unequal, and all These variations are within the scope of the invention In this exemplary device 300 and system 350, each switch i 1 (which will be coupled to each corresponding end of the corresponding LED segment 175, that is, the drain of the switch ll 〇 i will be coupled to [〇 The first end of the segment 751 (at the anode of the LED 14〇i) and the source of the switch 110! is coupled to the second end of the LED segment 17\ (at the cathode of the LED 140!), the switch 1 1〇2 The bungee will be merged to the first end of the [ED segment 52 (at the anode of the LED 14〇2) and the source of the switch u will be coupled to the second end of the LED segment 1 752 (at the cathode of the LED 14〇3) And the drain of the switch 11 〇3 will be coupled to the first end of the LED segment 175 (at the % pole of the LED 14〇4) and the source of the switch 丨丨I will be coupled to the segment 1 753 The second end (at the cathode of the LED 14 〇 7). In this circuit architecture, the switch 110 allows the 35 LED & 175 to pass through both the current and the current flow, resulting in the use of only three switches 110 instead of seven Seven circuit states of the switch In addition, the switching interval can be pre-selected or dynamically determined to provide any selected utilization or workload, such as for each LED segment 1 75 For balanced or equal workload, each LED segment i 75 is coupled in. The series LED 140 current path is used for the same interval within the AC half cycle, and each LED segment 175 carries substantial or approximately the same current. 1 summarizes the different circuit states of the exemplary device 300 and the system 35. 54 201134295 In Table 1, as in the more general case, where, N" is equal to an integer number of LEDs ' 40 'LED segments 175 丨 have, The number of [ED 140, LED segment 1 752 has, 2 "number of LEDs 140 and LED segment 1 753 has, γ number of LEDs 140' last column provides a clearer case (Ν-1) as shown in Figure 5, The LED segment 175! has one LED 14A, the LED segment has two LEDs 140' and the LED segment 1753 has four LEDs 140. Table 1: State Switcher On Switcher Off LED Segment 175 On When N1=N, N2=2N, N3=4N, the total number of LEDs 140 on is as shown in Figure 5, the number of LEDs 140-on and on a 1 11〇2, 1103 11〇! 175ι N ---- 1 2 110, ' 11〇3 11〇2 1752 —_ 2N 2 3 11〇3 11〇! ' 11〇2 175, + 1752 3N ~--- --- 3 4 11〇1 , 1102 11〇3 1753 4N 4 5 11〇2 110, ' 11〇3 175! + 1753 5N 5 6 11〇! 11〇2,11〇3 1752+1753 6N 6 7 None 11〇! ' 11〇2' 175i + 1752 7N 7 11〇3 + 1753 'At the state one' current will flow through the LED segment 175i (when in the bypass path 'switcher 11 (^ off and current is blocked) and Through the switch 11 〇 2, π 〇 3. In the state two, the current will flow through the switch 11 〇 i, lEd segment 1752 and the switch 11 〇 3. In the state three, the current will flow through the LED segment 175, LED segment 1 752 and switcher 丨1〇3, etc., as provided in Table 1. It should be noted that as described above with respect to Figures 1 and 2, the "switching interval and switching state" can be provided for the exemplary state 300 and system. 350' so that when the rectified AC voltage increases, there is Multiple LEDs 140 will be coupled into the series LED 140 current path, and when the rectified AC voltage is reduced, 'the corresponding number of LEDs 140 will be bypassed (switching out the series LED 140 current path), and the current change can also be shaped using equation i. It should also be noted that by varying the number of LED segments 175 and the number of LEDs 14 within each of the LED segments 175 for the exemplary device 3 and system 350, virtually any combination and number of LEDs 140 can be as It is necessary or desirable to switch to on and off 'for any corresponding lighting effect, circuit parameters (eg voltage or current level), etc. It should also be noted that all switches in this exemplary architecture should not be 6 is simultaneously turned on and implemented. Figure 6 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fourth exemplary system 45A and a fourth exemplary device 400 designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The fourth exemplary system 45A also includes being lighted to AC ( , ACe) A fourth exemplary device 400 of line 1 (also referred to as an off-line AC LED driver). The fourth exemplary device 4A also includes a plurality of LEDs 140, a plurality (first or, High side,,) switcher 110 (as shown by MOSFETs) 'Controller 1 20C current sensor 11 5 , rectifier 159 , multiple (second or , low side ) switcher 21 〇, a plurality of isolated (or blocking) diodes 2〇5, and: a selected voltage sensor 195 (shown by a voltage sensor 195Α||, a voltage divider) for providing a sensed input voltage level Go to controller 120B. Also optionally, memory 185 and/or user interface 190 can also be included as discussed above. In a myriad of combinations, the fourth exemplary system 45A and the fourth exemplary device 400 provide both LED series and parallel architectures for the LED segments 175. Although it can be easily explained and explained for 56 201134295, in Figure 6 four LED segments 175 and two LEDs 14 are displayed in each LED segment 175, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the architecture can be easily extended. To an additional segment 或75 or salty y to a greater number of LED segments 1 75, and the number of LEDs 140 in any known LEd segment can be higher, lower, equal or unequal, and all of this, It is within the scope of the invention of the present application. In any case, having an even number of LED segments 175 for such combinations is desirable. The (first) switcher [1] shown by the switches 110A, 11〇2, and 11〇3 is correspondingly coupled to the first ledi4〇盥 isolation diode 2〇5 of the corresponding LED & 175. Displayed by switches 210丨, 2丨〇2 and 2彳〇3 (_第.  b) The switch 210 is correspondingly coupled to the last ED 1 40 of the corresponding LED segment 175 and the current sensor i i 5 (or to, for example, to the ground potential η 7, or to another sensor, or to another node). The open pole of each switch 21 被 is coupled (and under control) to the corresponding output 220 of the controller 12 〇 c with 22 〇丨, 22 〇 2 and 22 hearts. In this fourth exemplary system 45A and the fourth exemplary device 400', each of the switches 11A and 21〇 performs a current bypass function to turn on and implement the *knife changer 1 10 and/or 210, the current will Flow through the corresponding switch and bypass to the remaining (or corresponding) - or more LED segments 17. 5. In the fourth exemplary system 45A and the fourth exemplary device 4(8), any of the LED segments 175 can be individually controlled or combined with other LED segments 175. For example and without limitation, when the switch 210] is turned on and the remaining switches 11〇 and 21〇 are turned off, 'current will only be raised (four) LED segments 17^; when the switch 2102 is turned on and the remaining switchers 110 are closed 2H), The current will only be supplied to the led segment 1 752; when the switch is called with 21〇3 and the remaining switching 57 201134295 11 〇 and 21 〇 are turned off, current will only be supplied to the LED segment 1 753; and when the switch 11 When 〇3 is turned on and the remaining switches 丨10 and 21〇 are turned off, current is only supplied to the LED segment 1 754. Also for example and without limitation, any of the LED segments 75 can be architecturally combined in series to form a series LED 140 current path, such as when the switch 21〇2 is turned on and the remaining switches 丨1〇 and 21〇 are turned off, current Then it will only be supplied to the LED segment 175 and the LED segment 1752 in series; when the switch 11〇2 is turned on and the remaining switches 11〇 and 210 are turned off, the current will only be supplied to the LED segment π in series, with the LED The segment π, when the switches 11 与 and 2103 are turned on and the remaining switches 11 〇 and 210 are turned off, the current is only supplied to the LED segments 1 753 and the LED segments 1 753 and the like in series. In addition, many types of parallel and series combination LED segments 1 75 are also effective. For example and equally not limited 'When all switches 丨〇 and 2 丨〇 are turned on, all LED segments 175 will be paralleled to provide a plurality of parallel LED 140 current paths; when the switches 丨丨~ and 21〇2 When the remaining switches no and 210 are turned off, the LED segments 175i and the LED segments 1752 are connected in series to each other to form a first series LED 140 current path, and the LED segments 1 753 and the LED segments 1 754 are connected in series to each other to form a second series. Led 140 current path 'and the two series combinations can be further connected in parallel with each other (Led segment 175, in series with LED segment 1752, parallel combination of led segment 1 753 and LED segment Π 54) to form a parallel LED 140 current path, which includes two A parallel combination of current paths of LEDs 140 in series; and when all of the switches 11 〇 and 21 〇 are turned off 'all LED segments 175 are structured to form a series LED 140 current path' as a string of LEDs 1 40 connected to the rectified AC voltage . 58 201134295 It should also be noted that by varying the number of led segments 175 and the number of LEDs 140 in each of the LED segments 175 for exemplary devices 4 and system 450, in fact, any combination and number of LEDs 14 It can be switched on and off as necessary or desired for any corresponding lighting effect, circuit parameters (eg voltage or current level), etc., as discussed above, for example by increasing in series, parallel The number of LEDs 140, or both, coupled in any combination, substantially tracks the rectified AC voltage level. Figure 7 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fifth exemplary system 550 and a fifth exemplary device 5A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The fifth exemplary system 5 50 is structurally similar to the fifth non-standard device 5 且 and is substantially similar in operation to the first exemplary system 5 〇 and the first exemplary device 1 〇〇, and differs from each other within a range, . The fifth non-standard system 55A and the fifth exemplary device progressively incorporate (second) sensor 225 (other than current sensor 1 1 $), which provides selected feedback via controller input 230 The controller 12〇D is also included, and also includes a DC power supply circuit 125C to display another exemplary circuit location for, for example, a power supply. Figure 7 also generally shows an input voltage sensor 195. The input voltage sensor 195 can also be implemented as a voltage divider using a resistor 130 135. For this exemplary embodiment, DC power supply circuit U5C is implemented in series with the last LED segment 17, and an exemplary third exemplary DC power supply circuit 125C is discussed below with reference to Figure 2A. For example and without limitation, the second sensor 225 is an optical sensor or a rail sensor. Continuing with the example, in an exemplary embodiment, the second sensor milk system provides an optical sensor that is fed back to the controller 120D with respect to the light emitted from the LED 140. The plurality of LED segments 175 include different patterns. 59 201134295 LED140 'The system has different illuminating spectrum, such as illuminating in the visible range of wavelengths such as red, , color, blue, and white. For example: (4) Segment 175, containing red LEDl4〇, LEEMi η, containing green LED segment I% containing blue LED14〇, another _ segment 17, containing glass or white LED140, and so on. Similarly, for example, the LED segment % includes a glass frame or a red LED 140, while the other LED segments lb include white LEDs 14 and the like. As described above, in such exemplary embodiments, due to the feedback from the optical first sensing H 225, a plurality of time periods q to tn may be determined by the controller 120D for switching currents (via the switch [ i (8) corresponds to the illumination effect of the selected or selected building, such as ambient or output color control (ie, control of color temperature), so that current can be supplied through the corresponding LED segment 175 to provide corresponding illumination at the corresponding wavelength. For example, red green, blue, broken axis, white and corresponding combinations of such wavelengths (for example, yellow is a combination of red and green). Those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous switching modes and types of LEDs can be Application to obtain any selected illuminating effect, any or all of which are within the scope of the claimed invention. Figure 8 is a diagram showing a sixth exemplary system 650 and a sixth non-standard device 6 designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The block diagram and circuit diagram. The sixth exemplary system 650 includes a sixth exemplary device 6A coupled to the 0 line 1〇2 (also equivalently referred to as an off-line AC LED driver). 6〇〇 also includes a plurality of LEDs 140, a plurality of switches 11〇 (for example, also displayed by a MOSFET), a controller 12〇E, a (first) f flu detector 1 1 5, a rectifier 1 05, and an optional voltage sensor 1 95 for providing a sensed input voltage level to the controller 12. Similarly, the memory 60 201134295 185 and/or the user interface 19G may also be as above The discussion is included. As an optional component, the sixth exemplary device_flow limiting circuit, 27〇 or · may also include an interface circuit 24A, may also include a voltage sensor 195, and may also include temperature protection Circuit 29. The current limiting circuit 260, 270 or 280 can be applied to avoid a potential large increase in LEm4 current, such as if the rectified AC voltage becomes abnormally high, while a plurality of LEDs 140 are switched into the series LEm at the controller Under the control of the current, the current limiting circuit 26〇, = or active and can have a bias or operation „, or passive ^ dependent control = (10) (four) what bias. Voltage or operation voltage. While many different embodiments of three positions and current limiting circuits 260, 27G or 28A are shown, it should be understood that only one of the current limiting circuits 260, 270 or 280 is selected for any known device implementation. The current limiting circuit 26 (M is located on the low side of the sixth exemplary device, and is at the current sensor 115 (node 134) and the switch ιι source (and also the cathode of the final LED 140n) (node 132) Equivalently, the current limiting circuit 260 can also be placed between the current sensor 115 and the ground potential 117 (or the echo path of the rectifier} 〇 5). Alternatively, the electric catch limiting circuit 280 is placed at the sixth The exemplary embodiment 6 〇〇, the high side is between the node 131 and the anode of the first LED 14 〇 i of the series LED 14 〇 current path. As another alternative, the current limiting circuit 27 〇 can be applied The eighth, non-parallel device 600, the high side, and the low side, /, are coupled to the top rail (node 13 1 ) and the ground potential 11 7 (or the current sensor 1 15 low or high) (node 134) side or another circuit node, including node ι31). Motor limiting circuits 260, 270, and 280 can be implemented in many different architectures, 61 201134295 and can be provided in many of the sixth exemplary devices 600 Different locations (or any other device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700) 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300), many exemplary current limiting circuits 260, 270 and 280 are shown and discussed with reference to Figures 9-12. Interface circuit 240 is applied to provide with prior art switchers Backward (or regression) compatibility, such as dimming switch 285, which provides phase modulation dimming control and requires minimal holding or latching current for proper operation. Various conditions and different times within the AC cycle One or more of the LEDs 140 may or may not attract this minimum holding or latching current, which causes improper operation of the dimming switch 285. Because the device manufacturer generally does not know in advance, such as the sixth exemplary device 600. Whether the illumination device will be applied with the dimmer switch 285, the interface circuit 240 can then be included in the illumination device. The exemplary interface circuit 240 will typically monitor the LED 140 current, and if less than a predetermined threshold (eg, 50 millimeters) The system will draw more current through the sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 1〇〇, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1) 300) The exemplary interface circuit 240 can be implemented in a variety of different architectures and can be provided within the sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800) A number of different locations, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300), a number of exemplary interface circuits 24 are shown and discussed with reference to Figures 13-17. The voltage sensor 195 can be applied to sense the input voltage level of the rectified AC voltage from rectifier 1 〇5. The exemplary input voltage sensor 195 can also be implemented using voltage dividers of resistors 130 and 135, as discussed above. The voltage sensor 195 can be implemented in a number of different architectures and can be provided in a sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 1 , 200, as known or known in the art). Among the various positions of 30〇, 4〇〇, 5〇〇, 7〇〇, 8〇〇, 900, 1〇〇〇, 1100, 1200, 13〇0), except for the previously shown voltage dividers, all Such architectures and locations are considered equivalent and within the scope of the invention. The temperature protection circuit 290 can be applied to detect an increase in temperature over a predetermined threshold, and if such a temperature increase occurs, to reduce the LED 14 current and thereby provide some degree of protection to protect the exemplary device 6 from potential Temperature related damage. The exemplary temperature protection circuit 29 can be broken into the species.  In a different architecture, and can be provided in the sixth exemplary device 6 (or any other device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1〇〇〇, 1100, 1200, 1300) The various locations within the system, exemplary temperature protection circuit 290A are shown and discussed with reference to FIG. Figure 9 is a block and circuit diagram showing a first exemplary current limiter 260A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The exemplary current limiter 26A can be implemented in the sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 1〇〇2〇〇, 300, 400, 500, 700, 8〇〇, 9〇〇, 1〇〇) 〇, ll〇〇, i2〇〇, 13〇〇), low side " between nodes 134 and 132, its system, active, current limiting circuit. The predetermined or dynamically determined first critical current level (, Ιτη/,) (eg, the high or minimum current level for the selected specification) is provided to the error amplifier ΐ8ΐ by the controller 120Ε (output 265). The phase terminal compares the critical current 1 ΤΗΙ (compared to the corresponding voltage) to the current Is passing through the LED 140 (from the current sensor 115) (also compared to the corresponding voltage). When the current Is from the LED 140 is less than the critical current (1), the output of the error amplifier ΐ8ι will increase and be high enough to maintain the switch 114 (also known as the pass element) in the on state and allow the current Is to flow. When the current Is of the LED 14 增加 is increased to be greater than the critical current (1), the output of the error amplifier i8i... is in a linear mode to control (or go in and out) the switch U 4 in a linear mode and provide a reduced level current Is flowing. 1 is a block and circuit diagram showing a second exemplary current limiter 270A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. An exemplary current limiter biliary system is implemented in a sixth exemplary device 6 (or any other device 1 〇〇 2 〇〇, 3 〇〇, 400, 50 〇, 70 〇, 8 〇〇, 9 〇〇) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , At the node, point 132 (finally the cathode of series LEDi4〇n) is a 'passive' current limiting circuit. The first resistor 271 and the second resistive state 272 are coupled in series to form coupled to node m (eg : The positive terminal of the rectifier U) 5 is connected to the -biased network between the switch "6 closed-pole (also known as the pass element) and the switch 116 is in the conduction mode during the basic operation partial house. The transistor m is tapped on its collector to the second resistor 272' and passes through its base/emitter junction and (4) to the claw sensor 11 5. In this event, 'current sensing The electrical house drop of the device 1 1 5 (eg, electric, device! 65) will reach the breakdown of the base emitter contact of the transistor m, and the transistor 274 will begin to implement, control (or access) The switching state ii 6 ' of the line f-mode: is provided to cause a reduced level of current Is to flow. It should be noted that this second exemplary current limiter 27GA does not require any operational (bias) voltage to operate. The diode 胄3 is used to limit the gate-to-source voltage of the transistor 64 201134295 (FET) 116. 1 is a block and circuit diagram showing a third exemplary current limiter circuit 270B and temperature protection circuit 290A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The exemplary current limiter 270B can also be implemented in the sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300), High side" (node 131) and "low side" and at node 11 7 (low side of current sensor 1 1 5), node 13 <High side of current sensor 115) and node 132 (last cathode of series connected LED 140n) and are, passive " current limiting circuit. The third exemplary current clamp 270B includes a resistor 283; a Zener diode. 287; and two switches or transistors shown by a d-transistor (FET) 291 and an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 293. . In operation, transistor (FET) 291 typically turns on and implements LED 140 current (between nodes 132 and 134), and bias is provided by resistor 283 and Zener diode 287. The voltage across current senser ii 5 (between nodes 1 34 and 117) causes the base emitter junction of transistor 293 to be biased, and this voltage will be high enough when the LED 140 current exceeds a predetermined limit. A transistor 293 is turned on which pulls node 288 (and the gate of transistor (FET) 29 1) to ground potential and reduces conduction through transistor 291, thereby limiting the current of LED 14 〇. Zener diode 287 is used to limit the gate to source voltage of transistor (FET) 291. The exemplary temperature protection circuit 290A includes a first resistor 281 and a temperature dependent resistor of the "squeezing device architecture 2 8 2 ; Zener diode 2 8 9 2287, and two switches shown as FETs 292 and 291 or The transistor, when the degree of tactile increase is increased, the resistance of the resistor 282 is increased by applying a voltage of 65 201134295 to the gate of the transistor (FET) 292, which also places the node 288 (with the transistor (FET) 29 1 The gate is pulled toward the ground potential and reduces conduction through the transistor (FET) 291, thereby limiting the LED i 4 () current. Zener diode 2 89 is also used to limit the gate of the transistor (FET) 292 to Source Voltage.Figure 12 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fourth exemplary current limiter 280A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Current limiting circuit 28A is located in a sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device) , 2〇〇, 3〇〇, 4〇〇, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1〇〇〇, 11〇〇, 12〇〇, 13〇〇)', 'high side', and at node 131 Interconnected with the anode of the first LED 140 of the LED 140 current path in series and further coupled to node 134 (current sensing The high side of 11 5). The fourth exemplary current limiter 28A includes a second current sensor implemented by a resistor 301; a Zener diode 3〇6; and an transistor (P-type FET) 308 and transistor (PNP BJT) 3〇9 show two switches or transistors (and optional second resistor 3〇2, coupled to node 134 (high side of current sensor 115)) ^ The voltage of the second current sensor 3〇i causes the emitter-base junction of the transistor 309 to be biased, and in the event that the LED 140 current exceeds a predetermined limit, this voltage will be high enough to turn on the transistor 309. , which pulls node 307 (and the gate of transistor (FET) 308) to a higher voltage and reduces conduction through transistor (FET) 308, thereby limiting LED 140 current. Zener diode 306 is used To limit the gate-to-source voltage of the transistor (FET) 308. As described above, the 'interface circuit 240 is used to provide backward (or regression) compatibility with prior art switches, such as dimmer switch 285. Provides phase modulation dimming control and requires minimal holding or latching current for proper 66 201134295 The exemplary interface circuit 240 can be implemented in a wide variety of different architectures and can be provided in the exemplary devices 1, 200, 3, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 Many different locations within 11〇〇, 1200, and 13〇〇' include those shown and discussed below. Figure 1 3 shows a block and circuit diagram of a first exemplary interface circuit 240A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The exemplary interface circuit 24A can be implemented in the sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 1 200, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1 〇〇〇, 11 〇〇, 1200 ' 1300), high side " (node 131) and , low side, and at node 134 (current sensing stolen 1 1 5 high side) or at another low side. node 丨 3 2 . . . The first exemplary interface circuit 240A includes first and second switches 118 and 119 and an error amplifier (or comparator) 183. The transmission elements shown in switcher (FET) 119 will be surfaced to an additional one or more LEDs 140 (which are connected in parallel to the series [ED 140 current path), which are displayed with LEDs 14〇w to I40pn to be conducted when conducted It is possible to provide a useful light output and avoid ineffective power consumption in the switch 119. The predetermined or dynamically determined second critical current level (, Ith2〃) (eg, the minimum holding or latching current level for dimmer 285) is provided by controller 120 (output 275) to The non-inverting terminal of the error amplifier (or comparator) 183 compares the critical current (relative to the corresponding voltage) with the current level Is (which is also compared to the corresponding voltage) through the LED 140 (from the current sensor 115). Controller 120E also receives information from current level Is of current sensor 115 (e.g., such as voltage level). When the current Is passing through ledi4〇 is greater than the critical current IT„2, such as the minimum holding or flashing current, the controller 120 turns on the switch 118 (connected to the gate 67 201134295 pole of the switch U9), and the switch Π9 is valid. Turning off and deactivating the current draw capability of the first exemplary interface circuit 24A so that the first exemplary interface circuit 24a cannot pick up any additional current. When the current Is passing through the LED 14 is less than the critical current Ith2, such as less than With minimum holding or latching current, the controller i2〇e turns off the switch 118 and the switch 119 operates in linear mode by the output of the error amplifier (or comparator) 1 83, which allows additional current is flow Through LEDs 140P1 through i4〇Pn and switcher! 19. Figure 14 shows a circuit diagram of a second exemplary interface circuit 240B designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Exemplary interface circuit 24B can be implemented in a sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device, 1〇〇, 2〇〇, 3〇(), 4〇〇, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1〇〇〇, 11〇〇, 1200, 1300), high side ( Node 13 1) and , low side " For example, coupled through current sensors 1丨5 (implemented by resistor 165) on nodes 134 and 117. Second exemplary interface circuit 240B includes first and second and third resistors 316, 3 1 7 Zener diode 3丨丨 (gate voltage of clamped transistor 3丨9); and two switches or transistors shown by N-type FET319 and transistor (NPN BJT) 314. When passing LED 140 When the current Is is greater than the critical current ITH2, such as the minimum holding or latching current, the voltage can be generated by the current sensor 1 15 (implemented by the resistor 165) to make the base _ emitter of the transistor 3 14 The junction creates a bias voltage that causes or maintains the transistor 3丨4 on and off and pulls the node 3 1 8 to the voltage at node 丨丨7, in this case a ground potential to effectively enable or maintain the transistor 3 19 Turned off and not implemented to disable the current sink capability of the second exemplary interface circuit 240B to draw any additional current. When the current Is passing through the LED 140 is less than the critical current ITH2, 68 201134295 is, for example, less than the minimum holding or latching current, Passing current sensor u 5 (with resistor 165 The resulting voltage is insufficient to bias the base-emitter junction of transistor 314, and the transistor 3 14 cannot be turned on or maintained in an open and implemented state. The voltage pulls node 3 18 up to a high voltage, turning on transistor 3丨9, which allows additional current Is to flow through resistor 3 17 and transistor 3 1 9 . Figure 15 shows the teachings in accordance with the present invention. A circuit diagram of the third exemplary interface circuit 240C is designed. The exemplary interface circuit 24A can be architected and placed for use as described above for the second exemplary interface circuit 24A, and includes additional resistors 333 and blocking diodes 336 to avoid passing through the poles The potential discharge path of body 311 and avoiding the allowable current path does not pass through current sensor 115 (implemented with resistor 165). Figure 16 shows a block and circuit diagram of a fourth exemplary interface circuit 240D designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The exemplary interface circuit 24〇d is also implemented in the sixth exemplary device 600 (or any other device 1〇〇, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300) The 咼 side " (node 1 3 1 ) and , the low side " is coupled, for example, via a current sensor 115 (implemented by resistor 165) at nodes 134 and 117. The fourth illustrative interface circuit 240D includes first, second and third resistors 321, 322 and 323; Zener diode 324 (to clamp the gate voltage of transistor 328); blocking diode 326 An operational amplifier (, op amp, 325) and two switches or transistors shown as N-type FET 328 and NPN BJT329. The operational amplifier 325 will produce a voltage difference amplification 'through the current sensor 1 15 (implemented by resistor 165) and allow the use of a current sensor 115 having a relatively low impedance or electrical resistance. When the current is passed through the LED 140 is greater than the critical current ΙτΗ2, such as a minimum holding or latching current, the amplified voltage (which biases the base-emitter junction of the transistor 329) causes or maintains the transistor 314. Turning on and implementing 'the voltage that pulls node 327 toward node 117, in this case, is the ground potential to effectively cause or maintain transistor 328 off and does not implement 'to make the second exemplary interface circuit 240C current The suction capacity failed and no additional current could be taken. When the current Is passing through the LED 140 is less than the critical current ιΤΗ2, such as less than the minimum holding or flashover current, the amplification voltage is insufficient to bias the base-emitter junction of the transistor 329 and the transistor 3 cannot be turned on. 2 9 or maintain it in an open and conductive state. The voltage generated by resistor 321 pulls node 327 up to a high voltage, turning on transistor 328, which allows additional current Is to flow through resistor 322 and transistor 328. Figure 17 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fifth exemplary interface circuit 240E designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The exemplary interface circuit 240E can be constructed and placed for the fourth exemplary interface circuit 24〇d as described above, and includes additional resistors 341 and switchers 35 (controlled by controller 〇2〇). In this regard, the fifth exemplary interface circuit 240E' various LED segments 175 can also be used to draw a sufficient current to cause the current Is through the LED 140 to be greater than or equal to the critical current Ith2. When operating, the peak current (Ip) of lED14 is greater than the critical current Ith2 by a significant or reasonable amplitude, such as 2-3 times the critical current ιΤΗ2. When the lED segment 175 is switched into the series LED 140 current path, the LED 140 current will initially be less than the critical current Ith2, however. Thus, when the led segment 175 〆 does not require any remaining LED segments ι 75) to be initially implemented and has a current less than the current current Ith2 at 70 201134295, the controller 120 turns off the switch 3 5 i and allows the transistor 328 to radiate additional current. The transistor 322 is until the LED 140 current is greater than the critical current Ith2 and the transistor 329 pulls the node 327 back to a low potential. Therefore, the controller maintains the switch 35 在 in the on position and the LED # 175 丨 is then supplied with sufficient current to maintain the [ED segment 1 75]. In order to avoid the LED 140 current level falling below the critical current Ith2 as the next [ED segment 1 75 ' is switched into the series LED 140 current path, when the next LED segment 175 is switched into the series LED 14 〇 current In the case of a path, such as LED segment 1 752, controller 12 will allow both switches 11 to be turned on and implemented, in which case both switches ό1 and 11 允许 2 allow sufficient LED current 140 to continue to flow through LED segment 175. ], while increasing the current in the LED segment 1 752. When sufficient current also flows through the led segment 1752, the switch 110 turns off and only the switch 丨1〇2 continues to turn on, and the process continues for each remaining LED segment 175. For example, when this next LED segment 1 75 is switched into the series [ED 140 current path, for example [ED segment 1 753 'controller 12〇 will allow both switches to be turned on and implemented, in this case switch Both 11〇2 and 11〇3 allow sufficient LEd current 140 to continue to flow through LED segment 1 752 while causing current to increase in LED segment 1 753. There is no separate display that another type interface circuit 24 that can be applied can be implemented by a fixed current source, which draws a current greater than or equal to the critical current ΙτΗ2 regardless of the current ls passing through the LED 140, such as a minimum grip. Hold or latch current. Figure 18 shows a circuit diagram of a first exemplary dc power supply circuit 125A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. As described above, the exemplary DC power supply circuit 125 71 201134295 can be used to provide DC power, such as Vcc, by the exemplary device 1 200, 200, 300, 400, 500, and/or 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 〇〇〇, 11〇〇, 1200 '1300 other components used. The exemplary DC power circuit 125 can be implemented in a variety of different architectures and can be provided in the sixth exemplary device 6 (or any other device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000) The various locations of 1,100, 1200, 1300), except where shown and discussed herein, are considered equivalent and are within the scope of the claimed invention. The exemplary DC power circuit 125A can be implemented in the sixth exemplary embodiment 600 (or any other device 1〇〇, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 11〇〇, 1200, 1300) , high side " (node 131) and , low side ", for example, at node 134 (the high side of current sensor 丨15) or another low side node 132 or 117. Exemplary DC supply current 125A includes a plurality of LEDs 140, LEDs 361, 3 62, and 63, one or more capacitors 3 64 and 365, and optional switches 3 67, shown as LEDs 140v1, 140V2 through 14〇vz. (Controlled by controller 12). As the rectified AC voltage (from rectifier 105) increases, current is supplied through diode 361 to charge grid 365, passing through 140" to 140VZ and passing through diode 362 to charge capacitor 364. Output voltage Vcc will be provided on node 366 (i.e., on capacitor 364). LEDs 140vn through 140vz will be selected to provide a steady or predetermined voltage drop, such as 18 volts, and provide another source of illumination. When (from rectifier 1〇5) is reduced, capacitor 365 will have a higher voltage and will discharge via [ugly (1) hook to 14〇vm, which also provides another source of illumination and applies additional radiant energy that can be dissipated The light output efficiency is increased with 72 201134295. When the output voltage vcc becomes more than a predetermined voltage level or threshold, the overvoltage protection can be provided by the controller 以2〇 to turn off the switch 3 6 7 to reduce the voltage level. 19 is a circuit diagram showing a second exemplary dc power supply circuit 125B designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. An exemplary DC power supply circuit 125B is also implemented in a sixth non-standard device 6 (or any other device, 2〇 , 3〇〇, 400, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1〇〇〇, hoo, 1200, 13〇〇) to the side " (node 13 1) and , low side ", for example, at the node丨 34 (high side of current sensor 1 15 5) or another low side node 丨 32 or i 丨 7. Exemplary DC power supply circuit 1 25B includes a switch or transistor (with N-type MOSFET) The transistor displays 374, resistor 371, diode 373, Zener diode 372, capacitor 376 and optional switch 377 (controller 12 〇 control). Switch or transistor (metal oxide semiconductor field effect) The crystal 374 is biased to be conducted by the voltage generated by the resistor 371 (and clamped by the Zener diode 372) so that the current can be supplied through the diode 373 to charge the capacitor 376. The output voltage Vcc will Provided at node 378 (i.e., battery 376). In this event, output voltage Vcc may become higher than a predetermined voltage level or threshold, and overvoltage protection may also be provided by controller 12 to switch 377 is turned off to reduce the voltage level. Figure 20 is a diagram showing a third exemplary dc power design in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Circuit diagram of source circuit 125C. An exemplary DC power supply circuit 125 (which can be implemented in series with the last led segment 175n as discussed above with reference to Figure 5. The exemplary DC power supply circuit 125C includes a switch or transistor (with N-type MOSFET) Crystal display) 381, comparator (or error amplifier) 382, isolation two 73 201134295 polar body 386, capacitor 385, resistors 383 and 384 (with voltage divider architecture), with Zener diode 387, and using the controller 1 20 provides the reference voltage VREF. During operation, current will flow through the isolation diode 386 and charge the capacitor 385. The turn-off voltage vcc is provided at node 388 (capacitor 385), and the Zener diode 387 is used to suppress transients and avoid at the beginning. The capacitor 385 overflows typically has a current rating that matches the maximum LED 140 current. Resistors 383 and 384 in a voltage divider architecture can be used to sense the output voltage Vcc for use by comparator 382. When the output voltage Vcc is less than a predetermined level (corresponding to the reference voltage Vref provided by the controller 120), the comparator 382 turns off the transistor (or switch) 38 1 so that most of the LED 140 current can charge the capacitor 385. When the output voltage Vcc reaches a predetermined level (corresponding to the reference voltage vREF), the comparator 382 will turn on the transistor (or switch) 1 to allow the LED 140 current to bypass to the capacitor 385. When capacitor 385 provides 5 to a bias source (output voltage Vcc), it can be configured to discharge at a rate that is less than the charge rate. Furthermore, when the transistor (or switch) 381 is switched off for a number of times to begin a new cycle, the comparator 382 can also have some hysteresis architecture to avoid high frequency switching and pass through the AC of the capacitor 385. The wave can be reduced by the capacitance value and the hysteresis of the comparator, which can be easily determined by those skilled in the art. Figure 21 is a block diagram showing an exemplary controller um swollen that is not designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The exemplary controller includes a digital logic circuit, a resetter circuit 4〇5, an analog to digital (, a/d, a converter ϋ and 415, and optionally a memory circuit 乜5 (eg: Instead of memory 185), dimming control circuit (4), comparator and simultaneous 74 201134295 (synchronous) signal generator 430, Vcc generator 435 (when another DC power circuit is not provided elsewhere), start reset circuit 445, over-voltage detector 450, over-voltage detector 455 and pulse 440 (can also be provided off-chip or other circuits). Without individual display, additional components (such as a charge pump) can be used to provide a switch driver Circuitry 4〇5 power, which may be implemented, for example, in a snubber circuit. A variety of optional components may be implemented as necessary or desired, such as in reset circuit 445, Vcc generator 435, over-voltage detector 450, and over-voltage detection. The power on the device 455 is, for example, in addition to or in place of other DC power generation, protection and limiting circuits as discussed above. The A7D converter 410 can be coupled to the current sensor 丨丨5 to receive a parameter measurement of the corresponding LED 1400 current. (eg, voltage level) and converted to a digital value for use by digital logic circuit 460 at decision time, regardless of whether LED 140 current reaches a predetermined peak value, z^a/d converter 415 can be coupled to the input. The voltage sensor 195 measures a parameter (eg, a voltage level) corresponding to the rectified ac input voltage V1N and converts it to a digital value for use by the digital logic circuit 46 at the time of the decision, among others When LED segment 175 is switched into or out of the series LED 14 current path, memory 465 (or memory i 85) as discussed above can be used to store intervals, voltages, or used to determine LED segment 175 switching during Q2. Other parameters tfL. The digital logic circuit 460 provides control to the plurality of switching driver circuits 405 due to the digital input value of the 帛LED 14 turbulence, the rectified AC input voltage VlN and/or the time interval information (via the clock 440) Switching driver circuits 4〇5ι, 4〇5ζ, 4〇53 to 4〇, display, corresponding to each switch i 1〇, 2ι〇 or any 75 201134295 under the control of the controller 120 It switches) to suppress #Tp to pull various LED segments 175 to switch in. Series LED14. Current path (or in parallel or out of various paths), = discussed, for example, to track Vin in essence or provide illumination Effects (eg, dimming or color temperature control), which are discussed below with reference to Figure 23. For example, as described above, (iv)-method, when rectifying the AC input voltage ~ approximately or substantially close to zero (which may additionally be from negative to Positive zero crossing and vice versa for non-rectified AC input voltage) (shown as H4 in Figures 2 and 3, which may be equivalently referred to herein as substantially zero voltage or zero crossing) and will correspond When the clock cycle number or time value is stored in the memory 465 (or the memory (8)), the controller 120 (using the comparator 425, the sync signal generator 43 and the digital logic circuit 46) can determine the start of the quadrant Q1 and Provide the corresponding sync signal (or sync pulse). In quadrant Q1$, controller 12 (using digital logic circuit 460) can store the digital value of the rectified AC input voltage ν 发生 that occurs when LED 14 〇 current reaches a predetermined peak 在 in memory 465 (or memory 185) Medium, for LED segments 1 75 in the series ledi4 current path, and provide corresponding signals to a plurality of switching driver circuits 405 to control the switching of the next LED segment 1 75, and repeat these measurements and information storage For continuous switching into each Led segment 175. The 'voltage level can then be stored to correspond to the highest voltage level of the current (or first) set of LED segments 175 before switching to the next LED segment 175, which is also substantially equal to including the switch to the next LED segment 175. The lowest voltage level of the group of LED segments 1 75 (to form a second set of LED segments 1 75 ). In quadrant Q2, as the rectified AC input voltage vIN decreases, the LED 140 current decreases from a predetermined peak ιρ of a given set of LED segments 175, and then as each led segment 175 connects 76 201134295 to continue switching the series LED 140 current path , LED14 〇 current will rise back to the predetermined peak Ip. Thus, in quadrant Q2, controller 12 (using digital logic circuit 460) can retrieve the digital value for rectifying AC input voltage Vin from memory 465 (or memory 185), which occurs when ledi4 current reaches first When the predetermined peak Ip of the LED segment 175 is set, it corresponds to the lowest voltage level of the second group of led segments 175, and provides corresponding signals to the plurality of switching driver circuits 405 to control the LED segments 175 to be switched out from the second group of LED segments 175, so that The first set of LED segments 175 can now be connected and the LED 140 current can be returned to a predetermined peak ip at the voltage level, and the second/then amount and asset grabs are repeated for successively switching out each segment 7.5. Also for example, as described above, in terms of the second, time-based approach, control? § 120 (using comparator 425, sync signal generator 43A and digital logic circuit 460) may also determine the start of quadrant Q1 and provide a corresponding sync signal when the rectified AC input voltage Vin is approximately or substantially close to zero, and will correspond The number of clock cycles or time values is stored in memory 465 (or memory 185). Within quadrant Q1, controller 12 (using digital logic circuit 460) can store the digital value in memory 465 (or memory μ" for LED 140 current to reach one or more of the series LED 14 current paths. At the same time, the peak value of 1P (for example, the number of clock cycles) or time and the corresponding signal to the plurality of switching drive circuits 405 to control the switching of the next LED segment 175 into and repeat These measurements, time counts, and information are stored for continuous switching into each LEd segment 丨 75. The controller (using digital logic circuit 46()) can further calculate the interval information corresponding to the store 'eg a given group of coffee segments 175 After the switch is reached, the 77 201134295 time interval (number of clock cycles or time interval) required by Ιρ, for example, by subtracting the number of clocks at the time of switching from the number of clocks reaching Ip, the time and interval information can be The storage corresponds to the switching time of the given (first) group of LED segments 175 and the time at which the (-)th group of LED segments 175 reaches Ip, which corresponds to the switching time of the lower-(second) group of LED segments. In quadrant Q2, when rectifying AC input When the electric M VlN is reduced, the LED 14G current will decrease from the predetermined peak Ip of the known set of LED segments 175, and then when each of the (four) segments 175 continuously switches out the series led 140 current path, the LED 14 current will rise back to the pre-peak peak Ip. Then, in the quadrant Q2, the controller ^ (using the digital logic circuit 460) can extract the corresponding interval from the memory 465 (or the memory 185). „10 __ LED segment i 75 is switched out of the string 胄The time or the number of clock cycles of the power circuit, and the corresponding signal to the plurality of switching drivers for the circuit 405 to control the LED segment 175 to switch from the second group of LED segments 175 so that the first group of LED segments 175 are now Can be connected, and the LED140 current will return to the predetermined peak i Ip ' and repeat these measurements, calculations and information capture for continuous switching out of each - LED segment 1 75. Based on exemplary voltage and time Two sides

...,....一一~,...v 成叩B thief 12G (using digital logic circuit 46G) can also implement power factor calibration j. Refer to Figures 2 and 3 above, when ending at Q1, rectifying AC input ^ VlN When the peak value (149) is reached, for power efficiency, we want to make the LED1 current also be 1^1 n main, * reach the predetermined peak Ip, then switch to the next segment (such as LED segment 175〆nJ months) Causing a decrease in current, controller 120 (using bit logic circuit 46 〇, ^ can determine if the segment (eg, % LED segment 175 „) is switched in if the existing group LED segment 1 75 reaches %. 201134295 A sufficient time is left at Q1 for the next set of LED segments 175 to reach Ip. If sufficient time is left by the controller 1 20 to remain in qj (using digital logic circuit 460), controller 120 will generate a corresponding signal to the complex number Switching driver circuit 405 so that the next LED segment 175 can be switched into the series LED 1 40 current path, and if not, then no additional LED segments 丨 75 are switched in. In later cases, LED 1 40 current will exceed Peak ip (not shown separately in Figure 2)' The true peak LED 140 current provided is maintained below a corresponding threshold or other specification level to avoid potential damage to the LEDs 140 or other circuit components, which may also be limited by various current limiting circuits to avoid such Excessive current level. The controller 120 can also be implemented to adapt to the time, interval, voltage, and other parameters applied to q2, generally based on the most recent set of measurements and decisions made in the previous Qi. Thus, when the LED segment 175 is switched out In the case of the series LED 140 current path, in the case where the current of the LED 140 increases too much, such as exceeding a predetermined peak Ip or exceeding a predetermined amplitude, the LED segment i75 can be switched back to the series LED 140 current path to cause the LED 14 current to return below Ip is either below Ip plus a predetermined amplitude level. Essentially, controller 12 (using digital logic circuit 460) will adjust time, interval, voltage or other parameter information, such as LED segment 175 will switch out of the series LED 丨 4 〇 Current path to use for the increase (increment) time interval or decrease (decrement) voltage level of the next Q2. In an example, controller 12A can then sense rectified AC voltage VIN and generate a sync pulse that corresponds to a substantially zero (or zero crossing) rectified AC voltage VIN. Controller 12A (using digital logic circuit 46A) can be 79 201134295 Measure or calculate the time between two sync pulses (rectification period, approximately or usually related to twice the reciprocal of the utility line frequency), and then divide the rectification period by two to determine the duration of each quadrant Q1 and Q2 and The approximate point at which Q1 will end. In one embodiment, the LED segments 丨75' are not necessarily switched when Ip is reached. In another embodiment, the quadrants may be approximately or substantially divided into equal intervals to correspond to the number of LED segments 175, n〃, such that In each-switching interval is substantially the same. In the (4) interval, the controller 12 〇 then generates the corresponding signal to the plurality of switching driver circuits 4〇5, so that the continuous section can be switched into the series LED 14 〇 current path for the corresponding interval, and then Ο] The controller 120 then generates a corresponding signal to the plurality of switching driver circuits 4G5' so that the continuous [ED segment 175 can be switched out of the series LEm4 current path for the corresponding interval, such as in the opposite (or mirror) order, such as As discussed above, the new Q1 will start at the next sync pulse. In addition to generating or assigning the number of corresponding LED segments 175, substantially equal intervals of n〃, there are many different ways to assign such intervals, any or all of which may be within the scope of the invention, for example and Not limited to various LED segments 1 75 #不相 f interval period to obtain any desired illuminating effect; dynamic designation using current or voltage feedback as described above; providing substantially equal current for each _ & 175, so that each The segments can generally be applied approximately equally; the unequal currents for each coffee segment 175 are provided to achieve any desired S effect or to optimize or improve the Ac line performance or efficiency. Other dimming methods are also within the scope of the invention. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the rectified AC voltage VIN, which is essentially zero (or zero-crossing), is used to determine the duration of the quadrants Q1 and Q2, which will be in the phase modulation dimming case. 80 201134295 Continuous Synchronization Pulse: Zero Divided Rectified AC power ~ then '

(Or (4) 1 heart 2 time can be compared with 10 milliseconds stored in memory 465 (four) or compared with each other, for example for 50 Hz AC step pulse (zero hexadecimal, 8.36 milliseconds of AC line. When continuous _ 185) φ 乂The time between the time and the memory 465 (or the correlation or selected value in the memory sum is approximately the same or substantially the same (the predetermined change dimming application can be displayed and the operation can be as described previously). The time between is less than the correlation or selected value stored in (4) body 465 (or memory 185) (plus or number or critical value), - dimming application can be displayed. According to the ..., V pulse ( Zero crossing and time between the time and the correlation or difference stored in the memory 465 (or memory 185) or the selected value, (4) paragraph (7): the switching order can be from the memory milk (or memory 185) The decision is taken or taken. For example, as shown above and discussed above with reference to Figure 3, the comparison may show a: 5 phase modulation, which may then show how many intervals should be omitted. For example, another #代方式'-疋整组LED segment 175 can be switched into the series [deleted (10) motor path control] and (four) dimming Directly provided by the selected phase modulation. ^ It should also be noted that LEDs such as high-brightness LEDs can be quite well described for these dimming applications. More specifically, LEDs can be selected to have one The characteristic, that is, when its LED current changes from zero to the maximum allowable current, the voltage will change by more than 2: i (if possible) to allow the tuned to adjust the illuminating device by the phase modulation of the AC and line. m" (4) Conducted, the rectified AC voltage VlN will rise, and when the current reaches L, the lower LED segment 175 will be switched into the series LED14〇 current path, 81 201134295 and then immediately before the switching voltage system is (Equation 2) : VLed=Vin:=N (VFD+IP*Rd) The fact that we use LEDs to form in voltage (vFD) plus resistor mode. After turning on △ N more LED switching, the voltage will change (Equation 3) :

Vm=(N + AN)(vFD+IaftcrRd) Set (Equations 2 and 3) The two-wire voltage VlN is equal to result (Equation 4): j _ (NIPRd -ANVFn) ( 1

A Therefore, after the next LED segment 175 @LED140 is turned on, the current is positive, then NIpRd> AnVfd, and further if we want the current to maintain the latch current in the residential dimmer ("magic above" Then (Equation 5): {NIpRd~ANVFD) r η n+an , Rd > \ ay

• «50mA Fire from Equation 5' we can get the value of Bu, called , , U, which provides the desired power when the next LED segment 175 is switched. 6): / _ + AiV) + anv Λ max ' -------- NRd From equation (1), we will then find the value of Ιρ=ι“ current during segment switching (Equation 7): /tox=Jv^ Let equations 6 and 7 "^5· Hl· ·!ΐ: η, ° and 疋 疋 彼此 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 我们 荨 我们 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨 荨方82 201134295 Program 8 ): V!NT = NiFFD + Equations 2 through 8 present a theoretical background for the process of controlling the driver interface with a wall dimmer without additional bleed resistance, which can be varied at controller 120 Under the control of 12〇A_12〇E), it is implemented in various exemplary devices (1〇〇, 200, 300, 400, 500, 6〇0). In order to implement this control method, the device (1〇〇, 2) One or more parameters or features of 〇〇, 3〇〇, 4〇〇, 5〇〇, 6〇〇) may be stored in the memory 185, such as by the device Generator, dispenser or end user, including but not limited to, for example, the number of ledi4 turns, the forward voltage drop (for each LED 14〇 or each selected led segment 175) containing various LED segments 175 in the segment One or more operational parameters or features of the device (1, 2, 3, 5, 0, 6) including but not limited to the same For example, 'such as dimmer (285) latch current ι (four) operating parameters, a ιρ peak current and LED segment 175 maximum current, which 2 provides (after switching the next LED segment 175) equal to ^ minimum electric catch. The value of the input voltage Vim for each LED segment 175 and led segment 175 combination (when they are switched into the LED l4 current path) may be: calculated in Equation 8 and stored in the memory port 185' or may be used by The control thief 120 is dynamically determined during operation and may also be (as discussed below, as part of the first-exemplary method)\ = various parameters and/or features (such as peak and maximum current) [ED segment 175 and 5 are the same 'or for each - led segment 175 Figure 22 is a flow chart showing the first exemplary method of designing the first exemplary method in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, in order to maintain sufficient control of the dimmer switch 285 (with one or more devices) The minimum current (1〇〇, 2〇〇, 3〇〇, 4〇〇, 5〇〇, 600) coupled). The method begins in the initial step 6〇. One or more of the two parameters can be substantially obtained by the controller from the memory 1 85 or otherwise obtained, step 6〇5, for example, for the active LED now. The value of the input voltage Vint of segment 175. The controller can then switch the led segment 175 into the LED 140 current path (except in the case of the first 175 ι, which is dependent on the circuit architecture, which is always in the LED 140 current path) 'step 61 〇' and monitors through the LED 14 〇 Current in the current path, step 615. When the current through the LED 14 〇 current path reaches the peak current b (determined using current sensor 115), step 62 〇, the input voltage P V1N is measured or sensed (which is also determined using voltage sensor 195) And step 625, and the measured input voltage ViN is compared with the critical input electric dust V(4) (one of the parameters can be stored in the memory 185 in advance and can be fetched therefrom) 'step 630. According to this comparison, when the measured input voltage VIN is greater than or equal to the critical input voltage Aw, the controller uo switches the lower_LED segment 175 to the aLedm〇 current path f^ 640. When it is measured in step 635 that the input (four)% is not greater than or equal to the critical input voltage VINT, the controller 12 does not switch the lower-segment into the LED 140 current path (ie, continuously uses the LED currently in the lead-only path). & 175 to operate the device), and continuously monitor the voltage VIN, returning to step 625 to when the measured input voltage Vin becomes phase = or greater than the critical input voltage ViNT (step 635), the next (10) slave 175 Switching into the LED14G current path (step 64〇). In step 6 such as 84 201134295 l and the field power is turned off, 'step 645, the method will repeat the other - Led segment 175, return to step 615, otherwise the method will end, return to step 65 (^, seven Figure 23 shows A useful overview of the method of designing the second exemplary method is not provided in accordance with the teachings of the present invention and provides a method of tracking the rectified AC voltage V1N or performing a dimming effect such as dimming. The decision, calculation and control steps of the method may for example be Implemented by a state machine of the controller 。 2 。. Many (four) can also start at the same time and / or in any number of different orders, in a variety of different ways to start the 玄 切换 switching method, except in the order shown in Figure 23, Any of them may be considered equivalent and within the scope of the invention. More particularly, for ease of explanation, the method shown in Figure 23 begins with one or one o'clock, namely: _ or more consecutively determines that the rectified slave voltage V is substantially equal to zero. During this decision period, all, none, or one or more LED segments 175 can be switched in. Those skilled in the art will recognize that they will start in countless other ways. Several of these will also be discussed as follows. The method begins with an initial step 501, such as by starting, and determines whether the rectified AC voltage VIN is substantially equal to zero (eg, zero crossing again), step: two. If so, the method will begin. Time measurement (eg, · count clock 敫%) and / or provide synchronization signal or pulse, step. When rectifying AC_ electric in step 505, VlN is not equal to zero, the method will wait for the next zero. In an exemplary embodiment, steps 505 and 510 are repeated for use in the process of determining whether or not the rectification AC powerhouse is substantially equal to zero = light (four) amount determination step 515. The method can then determine rectification A. : (period), step 520, and determine the duration of the first "half interval", that is, the first quadrant Qi, and any switching interval, 85 201134295 For example, when Q1 is divided into the number of corresponding LED segments 175 For many equal time intervals, as discussed above, step 525. The method can then also determine if brightness dimming will occur, such as when displayed by the zero-crossing information discussed above, step 530, if dimming occurs, the method The initial group of lEd segments 175 will be determined, step 535, such as the many groups omitted as discussed with reference to Figure 3, and the interval after zero crossing (corresponding to phase modulation) for switching into a selected number of LED segments. 175 'Step 54 〇. After step (10) or when dimming does not occur or if dimming occurs but the rectified AC voltage να will be tracked, the method proceeds to steps 545 and 55, which can generally be performed substantially simultaneously: • 545 towel 'This method determines the time (for example: number of clock cycles) or voltage or other measurement parameters, and stores the corresponding value in, for example, memory 465 (or - body 185). As mentioned above, these values can be application In the middle of the process, the method will switch a number of coffee segments 175 into the series of 40 electric (8) way slaves to correspond to the sequence or time interval, the electric dust level, the measured parameters or the desired illumination effect. Decide whether it should be... "" (that is: the time is close enough to wait for the m main loop, such as the time from the Q1 endpoint to the pre-tap period), the step is switched to the person ^ μ # 疋 No there will be remaining LEDs Section 175 breaks the knife into the β Hai series LED 140 thunder weeping 〆 μ at the time of the bundle and the ancient, step 560. When Q1 has not yet, the mouth has a residual led LED140 f. 75 when 'the method can decide whether to reach Pre-peak Ip (or make, regardless of whether the current level has been (4), :, use time-based control current does not reach the predetermined ^, step 565 ° when LED14 〇.. peak 1P (or when the current interval does not When it is lapsed, in step 565, the continuation of a, and the elapsed time, the method returns to step 555. When, in step 565, 86 201134295 MO electricity reaches a predetermined peak Ip (or when the current interval elapses), The method can be decided if the next LED segment 175 is switched into the string (d) In the case of the current path, whether there is sufficient current to stay in φ to reach ^, the step is said. When there is sufficient time to stay in Q1 to achieve, step, the method will return to step 54...51 and repeat to decide Time (for example: number of clock cycles) or voltage or other measurement parameters, and storing corresponding values (step 545), and switching people to the next section - step 551). When the time or time interval shows the end of Q1 (ie , the time is sufficiently close to or equal to the rectified AC interval (period of half cycle), step..., or when there are no more remaining LED segments 175 to switch in, or when there is not enough time remaining in (1) to switch into - (10) Section 175: When the current of the coffee 40 reaches 1?, in step 57, the method starts the rectification AC interval (period) of Q2, the -+ cycle. After step ..., then or I70, the method may determine voltage levels, time intervals, other measurement parameters, step 575. The method may then determine whether the currently determined voltage level, time interval, and other measured parameters reach the corresponding stored value for the corresponding group of LED segments 175, step 580, wall An敕, ☆ a η 7 Zheng 580 Whether the rectified AC voltage V1N is reduced = the level stored in the memory, which corresponds to the switcher last (4) 5n. For example and if so, the method switches the corresponding _LED segment (7) out of the series LED l4 〇 current path, step 585 The method can then determine if the LED 14G current has increased to a predetermined threshold greater than & (i.e., Ip plus a predetermined amplitude), step - if so - the method will switch back to the corresponding coffee segment that was recently switched out Far in series with the LED 140 current path, step milk, and determine and store the new parameters for this 87 201134295 2 paragraph 175 or time interval, step 6〇2, such as the electrical time interval, other measurement parameters with thousands, electricity _ reduction Discussion (eg: gate m). Switch again to the coffee section 175 (return to step 585), which then 175 _ ' or replace the cow 60 " 疋 time period, step ' instead of step 606 and back 58〇 step, voltage level, the time interval, other measured variables: Cloth new stored value is' q in the corresponding group when the LED segment 175 and at step 590, LED140 electrical & ~y repeated. When the boundary value, the party ... 2: Γ Ι ρ larger booking Promenade / ο, , the remaining coffee section 175 or the remaining "' in Q2 'step 611' and if so, the method and repeat to continue switching Out - l LED 妒 17m field does not have any remaining two or more of the serial coffee 4 ° current path or no more remaining time interval in Q2, the method can determine whether there is zero ΐ :, that is, whether to rectify ac «Vin Substantially equal to zero, step 6ΐ6. When the recurrence occurs and when the power is not turned off, step 62 will repeat the method to start the next Q1 'back to step 510 (otherwise, step 520 or step 45 and 55 1 ), otherwise the method will end back to step 626. "As above, the method is not limited to starting when the zero crossing occurs again. For example: m can determine the rectified ac voltage, level and / or time duration from the substantially zero rectified AC electric waste VlN, other measurement parameters in the time interval, corresponding to the number of LEDs | 175 of that parameter. In addition, based on continuous voltage or time measurement, the method can determine whether to rectify the input or switch out of the corresponding LED in the Q1 (increase voltage) or q2 (reduction) section of the Ac interval (period). Paragraph 175. Alternatively, the party 88 201134295 method can be switched or coupled to continue by m τ series LED] 40 current path of the actual account of the ancient LED segment 175 clip private r point, only corpse / Γ Γ. (for example: power through reset), and display rectified AC electric dust V, 杳g ^ % VIN is substantially equal to zero and a synchronization pulse starting from Q1, and then carry out a variety of different calculations The LED segment 175 corresponds to that voltage level, 蚌 π π #, f, ten time interval 'other measurement parameters or desired illuminating effect, which is performed in step 52 of the method of FIG. No (4) shows _23 'Step 545 Xiao 551 for dimming applications can 〇 3 additional features. There is a dimming environment in which there is no qi time interval so that the phase modulation dimming will cut or limit the AC interval of ninety degrees or more. In these environments, the Q2 voltage or time interval cannot be ascertained from the corresponding information known in ^. In various exemplary embodiments, controller 1 obtains a predetermined value from memory (185, 465), such as the number of times corresponding to the number of (4) segments (7) (four) 'uses the established values originally in, and is carefully monitored by the series LEDU 〇 current path A. Input voltage and LEDM0 current to modify or, train, these values in Q2. For example, starting with a predetermined value stored in the memory, controlling the stomach 12 will increase these values until IP is reached within Q2, and then store the corresponding new power value for each of the LED segments 175. Switch out. Figure 24 is a block and circuit diagram showing a seventh exemplary system 750 and a seventh exemplary device 7A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The seventh exemplary system 750 includes a seventh exemplary device _ (also equivalently considered an offline AC LED driver) that is lighted to the AC line 1 〇 2 . The seventh exemplary device 700 also includes a plurality of LEDs 14G, a plurality of switches (with a channel enhancement FET display 'as an example), a controller 120G, a (first) electric 89 201134295 influenza detector 1 1 5 and a rectifier 1 05. Also optional and not separately shown in Figure 24 'memory 185 and/or user interface 180 may also be included as discussed above. The seventh exemplary device 7 does not require an additional voltage sensor (such as sensor 195) or a power supply (vcc 1 25), although these components can be applied as intended. The seventh exemplary device 700 (and other devices 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 12A, 13A as discussed below) are primarily applied to provide current regulation of the series LED 140 current path, as well as application current The parameter 'to switch each LED segment 175 into or out of the series LED 140 current path. The seventh exemplary device 700 (and other devices 800 '900, 1 〇〇〇, 1100 ' 12 〇〇, 13 如 as discussed below) differs from the first device 主要 primarily with respect to the controller 丨 2 〇 The location and the feedback type that is provided to the controller i 2〇, and several devices (1100, 12〇〇, and 13〇〇) apply different switching circuit configurations. More specifically, controller 120 (3 has different circuit positions, in addition to receiving input from current sensor 115 (inputs 160, 161), receiving an input (input 162) of input voltage VlN, receiving in LED segment 175 Input (feedback) of each node voltage (input 32 〇). In this exemplary embodiment, controller 120G can be activated, for example, by or via any of these node voltages. Due to the use of this voltage and current information, The controller 120G generates a gate (or base) voltage for the FET switch 310, which can be controlled in a linear or switching mode (or both) to generate any current mode to maximize power. Factor, light produces brightness, efficiency, and interface bonding to the triode-based dimming switch. Example ^, Control If 120G can generate the idle electric dust of the FE switch 31〇, in the real dimension 90 201134295 Ql# Q2 The fixed current level of the combination of various LED segments 175. For this example, controller 1 20G can generate a gate voltage for FET switching 3l〇i to provide current 5〇mA to include led segments η, the series The LED 140 current path technique then generates a gate voltage for the switch 3102 to provide a current of 75 mA to the series LED 140 current path comprising the LED segments 175 and 1 segment 1752, followed by zero or no gate voltage, The FET switch 3 1 〇 is used to provide current i 〇〇 mA to the series led 14q current path including all segments 174. The parameter or ratio of the current current level can be stored, for example, in memory 185 (not being Not shown), or similarly provided via analog circuits. In this circuit topology; controller 12GG can thus control the current level in the series LED i 4 () current path and provide FET switch 31〇 Corresponding linearity or switching control to maintain any desired current level in Q1 and Q2, such as, for example and without limitation, directly tracking input voltage/current levels, or stepping through input voltage/current levels' or maintaining a fixed current level In addition, in addition to feedback from current sensor 115, various node voltages can be applied to provide this linear and/or switching control of FET switch 310. Yanglai, when showing, it should be noted that any other (four) or kind of =, transistor (such as p-channel field effect transistor, bipolar junction transistor (npn or pnp)), or switch or transistor Combinations (eg, Darlington devices) can also be equally applied (including related to other devices 8〇〇, 900, 1〇〇〇, 11〇〇, 12〇〇, 13〇〇). The eighth exemplary diagram 25 is a block and circuit diagram showing an eighth system 850 and an eighth exemplary device 8A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 91 201134295 Sex device 800 differs from seventh exemplary device 700 in that resistor 340 can be in series with FET switch 3 1 〇 and a corresponding voltage or current level can be provided as feedback to controller 120H (input 330) This provides additional information to the controller 120H, such as the current level through each LED segment 1 75 and switch 3 when the LED segment Π 5 is switched into or out of the series LED 140 current path. By measuring the current level at each branch (LED segment i 75 ), a relatively small resistor 340 (e.g., as compared to resistor 165) can be advantageously employed, which can be used to reduce power loss. In accordance with this selected embodiment, this resistor 165 (e.g., current resistor 115) can therefore be omitted (not shown separately). Figure 26 is a block and circuit diagram showing a ninth exemplary system 950 and a ninth exemplary device 9A designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The ninth exemplary device 900 and the eighth exemplary device _(4) are in the case where the resistor 345 is connected to the fet switch 31 in the high side, not on the low voltage side (in the present exemplary embodiment, when When the corresponding FE DIP switch 3 1 〇 is turned on, the series resistor 345 (which has a relatively large resistance compared to the low side resistor 34 )) can be applied to increase the impedance on their branches, which can be Application to improve electromagnetic interference (emi〃) performance and remove the potential need for additional EMI filters (not shown separately). Figure 27 is a diagram showing a tenth exemplary charge 1050 and a tenth demonstration designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Block and circuit diagram of the device. The tenth example = device 1_ is different from the eighth exemplary device, in that additional electric warfare control can be provided in series D 14 when all LED segments 1 75 are applied. In the middle of the road (without any bypass), to apply the switch 3 1 〇 n 92 201134295 (also shown as η · channel FET) and series resistor 34 〇 n, both with the current path in the series LED 140 (4) segment 175 _ coupling. Switch 31 () n and series Resistor 34Qn can be applied to provide current limiting. In addition to the current limit provided by series resistor 340n, controller ΐ2〇ι provides the corresponding gate voltage (“normal linear mode” < , although the switch mode can also be applied to the switch 31 〇 n to maintain the desired current level in the series LED 14 电流 current path. This is particularly useful in 隋 shapes where the input voltage vin becomes too high; due to the input of Vin (input 1 62 ) and the feedback of the node voltage (from the series resistance 34 〇 n at the input 33 〇 n), by adjusting the switch 31 The gate voltage of 〇n, the controller 12〇1 can avoid excessive current flow through the led segment 175 in the current path of the series LED 140. In addition, due to this circuit topology, the values of other resistors (such as 165 or other resistors 340) may be excessive or reduced. However, the controller 12〇1 will still have sufficient information to provide the desired performance, and In the selected embodiment, this resistor 165 (such as current sensor 丨15) will therefore be omitted (not shown separately. It is also noted that switch 310n and series resistor 340n can also be placed. Elsewhere in the tenth exemplary device, for example, in other LED segments 1 (between private or in series with the LED 140 current path at the top or beginning, or in a positive or negative voltage rail, and not exactly in the series LED丨4 底部 bottom or end point of the current path. Figure 28 is a block and circuit diagram showing an eleventh exemplary first 115 〇 and eleventh exemplary device 1100 designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Eleventh exemplary device 1100 Unlike the seventh exemplary device 700, the FET switch 31 is connected (the corresponding anode of the first LED 140 93 201134295 of the LED segment 175) such that the series LED 140 current path always includes the last LED segment 175n. In place of the last LED segment 175 to be turned on, the last LED segment 1 75η is the LED segment 1 75 to be turned on and conducted in the series LED 140 current path. Eleventh exemplary device 11 〇〇 The circuit topology has the additional advantage that the power for the controller 12 〇 G can be supplied from the node voltage obtained at the last LED segment 1 75 η, and various voltage and current levels can also be monitored at this node. Feedback to potentially and optionally remove voltage levels from other nodes in the series LED 140 current path to further simplify the controller 1 20G design. Figure 29 is a diagram showing a twelfth exemplary system designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. A block and circuit diagram of the 1250 and the eleventh exemplary device 12A. As discussed previously with respect to the eighth exemplary device 800, the twelfth exemplary device 1200 differs from the eleventh exemplary device ποο in that it is a resistor 34〇 FET switch 310 can be connected in series, and a corresponding voltage or current level can be provided as feedback to controller 120 (input 330), providing additional information to controller 120H, such as when LED The current level through each of the LED segments 175 and the switch 31 is switched when the 175 is switched into or out of the series LED 140 current path. By measuring the current level at each branch (LED segment 175), a relatively small resistance can be advantageously applied. 34〇 (as compared to resistor 165), which can be used to reduce power loss. In addition, due to this circuit topology, the values of other resistors (such as 165) will then be excessive or reduced, however controller 1201 remains There will be sufficient information to provide the desired performance, and depending on the selected embodiment, this resistor 165 (e.g., current sensor ι 5) or other resistor 340 will therefore be omitted (not shown separately) . Again 94 201134295 is not shown separately, but as previously discussed, resistor 345 can be applied (instead of resistor 340) on the high side of switch 3 10 . 30 is a block and circuit diagram showing a thirteenth exemplary system 1350 and a thirteenth exemplary device 1300 designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. As previously discussed with respect to the tenth exemplary device 1〇〇〇, the thirteenth exemplary device 1 300 differs from the twelfth exemplary device ,2〇〇 in that the extra current is controlled at all of the LED segments 1 75 The application is provided in series [ED 140 motor path (without any bypass) to apply the switch 3丨 (also shown as η-channel FET) and series resistor 34〇11, both with LED segments 175 in the series LED 140 current path are coupled in series. The switch 3ι〇η and the series resistor 34〇n can be applied to provide current limiting, in addition to the current limit provided by the series resistor 340η, the controller 12〇1 can provide a corresponding gate voltage (generally in a linear mode) Although the switch mode can also be applied to the switch 3 1 On to maintain the desired current level in the series LED 140 current path. This is particularly useful in situations where the input voltage ViN becomes too high, due to the input of VIN (input 162) and the feedback of the node voltage (from the series resistor 340n at input 330n), by adjusting the gate voltage of the switch 3ι〇η The controller 12〇1 can avoid excessive current flowing through the 1^1) segment Π5β in the series current path of the LEIM 40. Furthermore, due to this circuit topology, the values of other resistors (such as 165 or other resistors 34 〇) will subsequently Too much or less, however, controller 1201 will still have sufficient information to provide the desired sputum, and depending on the selected embodiment, this resistor i 65 (such as current sensor Π 5) will therefore be omitted. (not shown separately). Similarly, it is noted that the switch 31011 and the series resistor 34〇n can also be placed elsewhere in the thirteenth exemplary device 1 of 95 201134295, such as between other LED segments 1 75, or in series with LEDs. The 140 current path starts at the top or ends, or in the positive or negative voltage track 'and does not happen to be at the bottom or end of the series LED 1 40 current path. It should also be noted that any of the various devices described herein may also provide for a parallel combination of two or more series LED 140 current paths, the first series LED 140 current path including LED segments 175 丨, LED segments 1752 to One or more of the LED segments 175m 'the second series [ED 140 current path includes one or more of the LED segments 1 75m+丨, LED segments 1 75m+2 to LED segments 1 75n. As previously discussed with respect to Figure 6, many different parallel combinations of LED segments 175 are effective. Those skilled in the art will be willing to endure, any LED segment 175 architecture can be easily extended to additional parallel LEDs 140 strings and extra! ^1) segment 175, or reduced to a smaller number of LEDs and 175' and the number of LEDs 140 in any known LED segment 1 75 is higher, lower, equal or unequal, and all of this Variations are within the scope of the invention of the present application. In addition to the potential increase in the power rating of the LEDs 140 in the single series LEDs, the parallel array of LEDs can also be used to provide higher power to a system. Another advantage of this parallel combination of switchable series ledi4〇 current path circuit topologies is the ability to skew the current waveform of the parallel led string by structuring a different number of LEDs 14 of each LED segment 175, and various sensations The resistance value is measured to obtain an improvement in spectral wave suppression in the AC line current mode. In addition, any selected series 丨 current path can also be turned off and shut down in the case of reduced power ratings, such as when the maximum operating temperature is reached. In any of these various apparatus and system embodiments, it should be noted that in addition to or in lieu of the white LED 14 turns, light color compensation can be obtained by using LEDs 140 of various colors. For example, if the LEDs 140 in the (four) segment 175 are green, red, or jade white, the controller 120 can provide color mixing and color control, which is local or its system is placed in a remote or intermediate By connecting the selected led & Μ into the series LED 14 〇 current path or bypassing the selected café 175. It should also be noted that the various devices and systems described above are operable in many different situations. For example, the various lending and systems described above can also be operated using three phase conditions, ie using a 36 〇 Hz or 3 〇 OHz rectifier output, and not just one from each of the tangled or multiplexed lines. 120Hz or 100Hz rectifier output. Similarly, the various devices and systems described above can also be operated in other systems, such as aircraft that use a Hz input power source. In addition, the relatively long decay type of wall body 'approx. about 2-3 milliseconds decay time constant can also be applied in combination with LEm4〇, so that the light from the energizing phosphor can be equally divided into multiple AC cycles. The LED is just light output and can be used to reduce the amount of chopping that is perceived in the light output. In addition to the current control described above, various devices 7〇〇, 8〇〇, touch, biliary, 1100, 1200, and 1300 can also be as described above with respect to devices 1〇〇, 200, 300, 400, 5〇〇, and 6〇. Operate as explained. For example, segment 175 switches into or out of the LED 14() current path, which is based on the electrical level, such as various node galvanies on the controller input 32. Also, for example, 97 201134295 For example, for power factor correction, LED segment 175 Switching into or out of the series LED 140 current path may also be based on whether there is sufficient time to stay in the time interval to reach the peak time level, as explained above. In short, for the device 100, 200, 300 Any of the various control methods described above, 400, 500, and 600, can also be used for various devices, 7〇〇, 8〇〇, 900' 1〇〇〇, 11〇〇, (^ and 13〇). It is also noted that any of the various controllers 120 described herein can be implemented using digital logic and/or using either or both of automatic, analog control circuitry. In addition, the various controllers 12 do not need any of the hidden entities 18 5 to store the parameter values. Instead, the parameters used to compare the LED segments 175 into or out of the series lED 14 〇 current path are used. Can be selected for use in a variety of The value of the component is implemented or determined, such as, for example, and not limited to, the resistance value of the resistor. For example, the component of the transistor can also perform a comparison function, and when the corresponding voltage is generated in the coupling resistor, the coupling resistor sequentially performs current. Sensing Function. Figure 31 is a flow diagram showing a third exemplary method designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention and provides a useful summary. The method begins with an initial step 705 'Step 710, which sets the LED segment 175. Switching into the series LED 140 electric /; U path. When at least one LED segment 175 is always in series [ED 140 electric hung path, step 71 〇 can also be omitted. The current through the series LED 14 〇 current path will be monitored Or sensing, step 715. When the measured or sensed current is not greater than or equal to the predetermined current level, step 720, the method repeats to return to step 715 15 when the measured or sensed current is greater than or equal to the predetermined current level At step 720, the next LED segment 175 is switched into the string 98 201134295 LED 140 current path, step 725. When all LED segments 175 are switched into the series LED 140 current path Step 73, or when the maximum voltage or current level has been reached or the first half (Q1) of the rectified AC interval has elapsed (Q1 6 has ended), step 735, the method monitors the current path through the series LED 140 Current level, step 74. When the measured or sensed current is not less than or equal to the predetermined current level, step 745, the method repeats 'back to step 740. When the measured or sensed current is less than or equal to the predetermined current level Step 745, the lower-LED & 175 is switched out of the series lED140 current path, step 755. When more than one (four) coffee segment 175 remains in the series LED 14 () current path, the method repeats, returning to step 740. When there is only one coffee segment that has switched out the current LED140 current path, step 0 is up*, the step is Μ, the party is “heavy/and will repeat if the power is not turned off”, return to step 715, otherwise The method will, bundle, go back to step 770. As shown above, the controller 12 (with 12 〇曰 any type of controller or processor, 实施 can be implemented in any type of digital logic) The work discussed here is used in "the mystery is applied. When the noun controller or processor is used at this time, the controller or processing is used, · p匕 includes an integrated circuit (,, IC") white Spoon use, or the use of a number of integrated rugged 7G pieces that are connected, arranged, or 1#πΜπ times together, nickname processor (,,, j state, microprocessor, digital Xinya, DSP), parallel processing unit, integrated circuit, special thief, eccentric core processor, fixed forging circuit, special application integrated circuit (, β-type gate array (FPGA), C), Field process such as random access poetry "calculation IC, related memory (taken δ 忆 体 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Arrangement with a single 1C, or custom integrated circuit, special application integrated circuit, processor, microprocessor, controller, field programmable gate array, suitability calculation, or some convergence The integrator circuit performs the functions discussed herein in any associated memory, such as microprocessor memory or additional random access memory, dynamic random access memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, synchronous random access memory. Memory, magnetic random access memory, read only memory, flash, erasable programmable read only memory or electronic erasable programmable read only memory. Controller or processor (such as controller 120) (and 120A- 120F)), with its associated memory, which can be modified or architected (via stylized, FPGA interconnect, or hardwired) to carry out the method of the present invention, as discussed above and below. : The method can be programmed and stored in controller 120 with its associated memory 465 (and/or memory! 85) and other equivalent components as being used when the controller or processor is operated ( That is, a set of program instructions or other code (or equivalent architecture or other program) that is subsequently executed and executed. Equivalently, when the controller or processor is FPGA, custom integrated circuit and/or ASIC The FPGA, custom integrated circuit and/or ASIC may also be designed, constructed, and/or hard wired to implement the method of the present invention, in whole or in part. In the example, the controller or processor may be a controller The microprocessor, DSp and/or ASIC arrangement is implemented, which can be individually programmed, designed, modified or architected to incorporate the memory 185 to implement the method of the present invention. The memory 185, 465, including the data repository (or database), can be implemented in any number of forms, including any computer or other mechanically readable data storage medium, memory device or other storage or communication device. Used to store or communicate information that is currently known or effective in the future, including but not limited to memory volume circuits (, IC"), or memory portions of integrated circuits (such as in controllers or Resident memory in the processor IC, no volatile or non-volatile, removable or non-removable, including but not limited to random access memory, flash, dynamic random access memory, synchronous dynamic random Access memory, synchronous random access memory, magnetic random access memory, ferroelectric random access memory, read only memory, erasable programmable read only memory or electronic erasable programmable only Read memory, or 5 gossip devices in the form of gossip, such as magnetic hard drives, optical drive pirates, disk or tape drives, hard disk drives, other mechanically readable storage or hidden Helmet medium 'such as floppy diskettes, read only memory CD, CD rewritable digital disc (DVD) or other optical memory, or any other type of memory, storage medium, <Data storage devices or circuits, which are known or become known in the alternative embodiment. In addition, the computer readable medium includes (4) a form of communication medium that implements a computer readable data structure, a program mode, or other data in a data signal or a shaped signal. The memory 185, 465 can be modified to store various look-up tables, parameter data, and information (of the software of the present invention) or instructions, and other types of tables, such as a database table. The controller, or processor, can be programmed to perform the methods and results of the present invention using, for example, the software and data structures of the present invention. The systems and methods of the present invention can provide software for such stylized or other instructions. 101 201134295 Implementation, ## A set of instructions and/or 7L data implemented in a computer readable medium as discussed above. In addition, metadata can be applied to define various data structures for lookup tables or databases. By way of example and not limitation, such software may be in the form of a source code or a target code. The source code may be further compiled into some form of instruction or object code (including a combination language instruction or architectural instruction).

The software, source code or metadata of this month can be implemented by any type of encoding, such as C, C++, System C, USA, XML, Java, Brew, SQL and its worry (eg SQL99 or SQL exclusive) Version), DB2, Oracle, or any other type of stylized language that performs the functions discussed herein, including various hardware definitions or hardware simulation languages (eg, Vedi〇g, VHDL, RTL) and resulting data Library file (for example: gdsii). As a result, the equivalent construction, construction, and construction of the software, and the meaning of any kind of any stylized language The symbols 'may be provided or can be interpreted to provide a specific and unrelated function or method (when exemplified or loaded in a processor or computer and implemented, for example, including controller 12). The software, meta-data or other source code of the present invention and any generated bit files (object code, data block, Jay-Master, Becco or look-up table) can be implemented on any tangible storage medium such as any computer. Or other mechanically readable data storage medium (4) is a f-brainable command, data command, program mode or other data, as discussed above in terms of memory 185, 465, for example: floppy disk, CD-ROM, heavyweight Write a disc 'digital disc, magnetic hard drive, optical drive or any other type of data storage device or media as mentioned above. The various advantages of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention 102 201134295 for providing power to a non-linear load such as an LED are readily apparent. Various exemplary embodiments provide AC line power to include one or more LEDs for high brightness applications, while providing a comprehensive reduction in the size and cost of the LED driver and the efficiency and application of the (4). Exemplary apparatus, methods, and system embodiments are suitably modified and operated over a relatively wide range of AC input receptacles while providing a desired output power or current 'without generating excessive internal dust or under high or excessive electrical stress. Place the component. In addition, various exemplary devices, methods, and system embodiments provide significant power factor correction when connected to the ac line for input power. Finally, various exemplary apparatus, methods, and system embodiments provide the ability to control the brightness, color temperature, and color of the illumination device. While the invention has been described with respect to the specific embodiments, these embodiments In the description, various details may be provided, such as electronic components, electronic and structural connections, and examples of material and structural changes, to provide a complete understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other devices, systems, components, components, materials, components or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials or operations are not explicitly shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the embodiments of the invention. In addition, the various figures are not drawn to scale and are not considered as limiting. Throughout the specification, reference to, or an embodiment, or an embodiment, or a specific embodiment, means that the features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment are included in the present invention. At least one embodiment is not necessarily in all embodiments, and further, it does not necessarily mean that 103 201134295 refers to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, materials, or characteristics of any particular embodiment of the invention are combined in any suitable manner and in any suitable combination with any other embodiments, including the corresponding use without other features. Use the selected feature below. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular application, situation or material to the scope and spirit of the invention. It is to be understood that the various changes and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated herein are to be construed as a part of the scope of the invention. It is also to be understood that one or more of the elements described in the drawings may be implemented in a more individual or holistic manner, or even may be removed or rendered unusable in a particular situation, and it works. Integrally formed component combinations are also within the scope of the invention, particularly for embodiments in which the separation or combination of discrete components is unclear or indistinguishable. In addition, the use of the term "coupled" in this context includes, for example, "coupled" or "coupled", and includes any direct or indirect electrical, structural or magnetic surface, connection, or Adhesion or an adaptation or capability of direct or indirect electrical, structural or magnetic coupling, attachment or attachment, including integrally formed elements and elements coupled via or through another element. As used herein, for the purposes of the present invention, the noun, 〃, and its plural forms, LED" should be understood to include any electroluminescent body or other type implanted with a carrier - or A junction-based system that emits electrical signals to generate radiation, including but not limited to a variety of semiconductor or carbon-based structures that emit light by current or voltage, luminescent polymers, organic coffee, etc. It is included in any frequency bandwidth or any color or color temperature 104 201134295 See the light spectrum or other spectrum such as ultraviolet light or infrared light. As used herein, 'name, 3⁄4 Ac" means any form of current that changes with time. Or voltage, including but not limited to any waveform (sinusoidal, sinusoidal, rectified, rectified sinusoidal, square, rectangular, triangular, misaligned, irregular, etc.) and with any DC compensation AC or corresponding AC level, and includes For example, by intercepting or directional or reverse phase modulation, any change in AC current or voltage 'such as switching from a dimmer. As used herein, the name DC table does not fluctuate DC (for example, obtained by rectifying ac) and substantially solid or solid voltage DC (for example, obtained by a battery, a voltage regulator, or a capacitor-filtered power supply), in the previous description of the illustrated embodiment and in the display diode In the additional drawings of the body, it should be understood that within the scope of the present invention, a synchronous diode or a synchronous rectifier (such as a relay or a MOS field effect transistor or other transistor that is switched off and on by a control signal) Or other types of diodes I are used in place of the standard diodes. The exemplary embodiments presented herein generally produce a positive output voltage with respect to ground; however, the teachings of the present invention can also be applied to generate negative output The power converter, the exemplary topology can be architected here by reversing the polarity of the semiconductor with other polarizing elements. Moreover, any signal arrow in the drawing/schema should be considered only I-normative and Unless otherwise specifically noted, a group of step elements will be considered to be within the scope of the present invention, particularly where the respective or combined capabilities are not foreseeable, as here and thereafter. The use of a separate noun, or '' generally intends to mean, and/or ", which has both the meaning of the meaning of the combination and the meaning of the meaning, and is not limited to, mutually exclusive or "meaning" Unless otherwise indicated by 105 201134295, the use of "a", "an", "the" and "the" The descriptions of the same use and the scope of the entire patent application are hereby incorporated by reference to the same as the same as the "and" The invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. From the above, it will be appreciated that various changes, modifications, and alternatives are possible and can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel inventive concept. It should be understood that there are no restrictions on the specific methods and equipment shown here that are expected or should be inferred. Of course, all such modifications are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood by reference to the appended claims. And reference numerals having the letter 7G therein may be applied to identify additional types, installations, or variations of selected component embodiments in various figures, wherein: FIG. 1 is a first example designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Circuit and block diagram of the sexual system and the first exemplary device. Figure 2 is a graph showing a first exemplary load current waveform and input voltage level designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 3 is a graph showing a second exemplary negative 106 201134295 current carrying waveform and input voltage level designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 4 is a block and circuit diagram showing a second exemplary system and a second exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 5 is a block and circuit diagram showing a second exemplary system and a third exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 6 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fourth exemplary system and a fourth exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 7 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fifth exemplary system and a fifth exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 8 is a block and circuit diagram showing a sixth exemplary system and a sixth exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 9 is a block and circuit diagram showing a first exemplary current limiter designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 10 is a circuit diagram showing a second exemplary current limiter designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 11 is a circuit diagram showing a third exemplary current limiter and temperature protection circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 12 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth exemplary current limiter designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure U is a block and circuit diagram showing a first exemplary interface circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 14 is a block and circuit diagram showing a second exemplary interface circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 15 is a block and circuit diagram showing a second non-linear boundary 107 201134295 surface circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 16 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fourth exemplary interface circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 17 is a block and circuit diagram showing a fifth exemplary interface circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 18 is a circuit diagram showing a first exemplary DC power supply circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 19 is a circuit diagram showing a second exemplary Dc power supply circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 20 is a circuit diagram showing a second exemplary DC power supply circuit designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an exemplary controller designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 22 is a flow chart showing a first exemplary embodiment of the design in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 23 is divided into Figures 23A, 23B and 23C, which are flow diagrams showing a second exemplary method not designed in accordance with the present invention. Figure 24 is a block and circuit diagram showing a seventh exemplary system and a seventh exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 25 is a block and circuit diagram showing an eighth exemplary system, first and eighth exemplary devices designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 26 is a block and circuit diagram showing a ninth exemplary system, 'first and ninth exemplary devices, designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 7 is a block and circuit diagram showing a tenth exemplary system 108 201134295 and a tenth exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 28 is a block and circuit diagram showing an eleventh exemplary system and an eleventh exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 29 is a block and circuit diagram showing a twelfth exemplary system and a twelfth exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 30 is a block and circuit diagram showing a thirteenth exemplary system and a thirteenth exemplary device designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Figure 31 is divided into Figures 3A and 3 1 B, which are flow diagrams showing a third exemplary method designed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. [Main Element Symbol Description] 50 First Exemplary System 100 First Exemplary Apparatus 102 AC (,, AC〃) Line 105 Rectifier 110 Switcher 110! to 110n Switcher 111, to 11ln Switcher 112! to 112n Switcher 115 Current sense benefit 116 Switch 117 Node / Ground potential 118 First switch 119 Second switch 109 201134295 120 ' 120A - 1201 Controller 125, 125A, 125B, 125C DC power supply circuit 130, 135 Resistors 131 to 134 Node 140 light-emitting diode 140, to 140n light-emitting diode 140P1 to 140Pn light-emitting diode 140vl to 140vz light-emitting diode 141 peak 142 input voltage 143 phase 144 zero 1451 to 145n time interval 146, 147 time quadrant 148, to 148n Time Interval 149 Input Voltage Level 150, to 150n., Output 155 Input 160 Input 161 Input 162 Input 165 Current Sense Resistor 17 (^ to 170n Output 171, 1171. Output 110 201134295 172! to 172n Output 175! to 175n LED segment 180] to 180n current adjustment 181, 183 error amplifier 185 memory 190 user interface 195, 195A voltage sensing 200 second exemplary device 205i to 2053 isolation diode 210丨 to 21〇n switch 220! to 22〇3 output 225 second sensor 230 controller input 240 interface circuit 240A to 240E interface circuit 250 second demonstration System 260, 270, 280 Current Limiting Circuit 260A Current Limiting Circuit 265 Output 270A, 270B Current Limiting Circuit 271 First Resistor 272 Second Resistor 273 Zener Diode 274 NPN Transistor 111 201134295 275 Output 280A Limiting circuit 281-283 First-resistor 285 Dimming switch 287 Zener diode 288 Node 289 Zener diode 290 Temperature protection circuit 290A Temperature protection circuit 291 '292: Crystal (FET) 293 NPN Bipolar junction Transistor 300 Third Exemplary Apparatus 301 Resistor/Current Sensor 302 Second Resistor 306 Zener Diode 307 Node 308 Transistor (P-type FET) 309 Transistor (PNP BJT) 310, - ί 310η Switcher 311 Zener diode 314 transistor (NPN BJT) 316 second resistor 317 third Resistor 318 /rAr ie point 112 201134295 319 32〇ι . 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 330, 333 336 34〇ι 341 345, 350 351 361 ] 364, 3 66 ' 367 'Crystal £ 320 „ Input first resistor second resistor third resistor Zener diode operational amplifier blocking diode node N-type transistor NPN BJT input to 330n input additional resistor blocking diode to 340n power: and Additional Resistors to 345n Electrical 1 Resistor Third Exemplary System Switcher L 363, 373 Dipole 365, 376, 385 Capacitor 378 '388 Node 377 Optional Switcher 113 201134295 371, 383, 384 Resistor 372, 387 Zener diode 374, 381 switcher/transistor 382 comparator 386 isolation diode 400 fourth exemplary device 405! to 405n switching driver 410 '415 analog to digital (A/D") converter 420 dimming Control Circuit 425 Comparator 430 Synchronization Signal Generator 435 Vcc Generator 440 Clock 445 Start Reset Circuit 450 Over Voltage Detector / Fourth Exemplary System 455 Over Voltage Detector 460 Digital Logic Circuit 465 Memory Circuit 500 Fifth Exemplary Apparatus 550 Fifth Exemplary System 600 Sixth Exemplary Apparatus 65 0 Sixth Exemplary System 700 Seventh Exemplary Apparatus 750 Seventh Exemplary System 114 201134295 800 Eighth Exemplary Apparatus 850 Eighth Exemplary System 900 Ninth Exemplary Apparatus 950 Ninth Exemplary System 1000 Tenth Exemplary Apparatus 1050 Tenth Exemplary System 1100 Tenth_· Exemplary Apparatus 1150 Eleventh Exemplary System 1200 Twelfth exemplary device 1250 Twelfth exemplary system 1300 Thirteenth exemplary device 1350 Twelfth exemplary system Ip Peak current Is current Ith Critical current Q1, Q2 1 quadrant V cc Output voltage VlN Input voltage level V ref reference voltage 115

Claims (1)

201134295 VII. Patent Application Range: 1 . A method for providing power to a plurality of light emitting diodes that are coupled to receive an alternating current voltage, the plurality of light emitting diodes being coupled in series to form a plurality of light emitting diodes, each Each of the segments includes at least one light emitting diode, and the plurality of light emitting diodes are coupled to the corresponding plurality of switches to switch a selected segment of the light emitting diode into or out of a series light emitting diode current path. The method includes: monitoring a first parameter; in a first portion of the alternating current voltage interval, when the first parameter has reached a first predetermined level, switching a corresponding segment of the light emitting diode into the series light a diode current path; and in a second portion of the alternating current voltage interval, when the first parameter has been reduced to a second predetermined level, switching a corresponding segment of the light emitting diode out of the light emitting diode Polar body current path. 2. The method of claim 2, wherein the first parameter is a current level of the series LED current path. 3' The method of claim 2, further comprising: substantially maintaining the current level of the series LED current path at the first predetermined level. 4' The method of claim 2, wherein the first part of the alternating current voltage interval, in the first part of the alternating current voltage range, the next parameter is reached when the first parameter has reached the level of ~ ^ ^ The segment light-emitting diode is switched into the 玄-series light-emitting diode current path. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising: 116 201134295 In the first part of the beta sea, the alternating current lightning is "ea 诘丨, work, electric voltage range, the first parameter has been reduced / to one The fourth predetermined, 士^^L--corresponding segment LEDs are switched out of the series LED current path. Wu 6_, as in the method of claim 2, further includes: Between the AC voltage range The whistle, the current 螬, the 丨 第 第 部份 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 当 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光Switching into the series illuminating _ ρ cargo and even one pole current path; and in the parent galvanic voltage range 兮 &;, the first σ 卩 injury, when the rectified alternating current voltage level is reduced to a pair of geese ^ τ + ^ . Corresponding to the voltage level, the corresponding segment LED is swapped out of the series LED current path. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the corresponding segment light-emitting body is switched out of the series light-emitting diode current path, and the corresponding segment light-emitting diode is switched into the series light-emitting diode The polar body current paths are in reverse order. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a plurality of time intervals corresponding to the plurality of segment light emitting diodes for the first portion of the alternating current voltage interval; The first plurality of time intervals are determined, which corresponds to a plurality of segment light emitting diodes for the second portion of the alternating current voltage interval. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: in the first portion of the alternating current voltage interval, when each of the first plurality of time intervals expires, the next segment of the light emitting diode Switching into the series LED current path; and in the second portion of the alternating current voltage interval, at the expiration of each of the second plurality of 117 201134295 time intervals, 4r - ^ ^ χ , In the reverse order, the next segment of the first polar body is switched out of the weight 1Λ, ^ Ρ ^ nine-pole current path. A method comprising the scope of time patent 帛1, wherein the first parameter parameter is a household time ^ or more time intervals, or a time base, or one or more clock cycles. N_ The method of claim 1, further comprising: alternating current voltage rectification to provide - rectifying the alternating voltage. The method of applying the first item of the patent scope of 12, the further step includes: determining whether the alternating current voltage is phase-modulated. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: when the alternating current voltage is phase-modulated, switching a length of the light-emitting diode into the CMOS relay, and the current circuit. It corresponds to a phase modulation galvanic voltage level. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising: when the alternating current voltage is phase-modulated, switching a length of the light-emitting diode into the current path of the series-connected LED, the corresponding-phase-modulated alternating current Current level. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising: switching a section of the light-emitting diode into the series-connected LED current path when the alternating current voltage is phase-modulated, which corresponds to phase-modulated alternating current A time interval of voltage. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising: maintaining a parallel-light-emitting diode current path via a first switch while phase-modulating the alternating current voltage while simultaneously placing the next segment of the light-emitting diode 118 201134295 Through a second switch to cry 17 such as the application to the 联 裒 入 “ “ 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联 联The slave light-emitting diode is switched into the current path of the a a, which determines B, and the first Λ Y knife time of the series illuminating diode is maintained at the alternating current voltage interval. 遛, 瓜, - predetermined peak water 18 For example, the #女*万法进-step of the 17th article of the patent application includes: Although there is sufficient time to maintain the current and the voltage of the LED, the current of the LED is up to ° When the next fluorescent diode is switched into the I-in-one current path of the tandem core. 19. The method of claim 17 further includes · when there is insufficient time to maintain Case voltage The first part of the interval is such that when the current of the one-pole body reaches the peak value of the peak, the next-stage light-emitting diode is not switched into the series-connected 无I-pole current path. The method of claim 2, further comprising: switching a plurality of segments of the light emitting diode, "..., a body to form a first series light emitting diode current path; and ~π switching a plurality of segments of the light emitting diode and body to Forming a second electrical series LED current path in parallel with the first series LED current path. 21. The method of claim 】 τ Ε ' 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选 所选stomach. 2 2. The method of claim 9 of the ninth aspect of the patent application, further comprising: selectively switching the selected segment of the light-emitting diode, the ^ 2 etchant into the series-emitting diode U9 201134295 body current path to provide a Corresponding lighting effect. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising: selectively switching the selected segment of light emitting diodes into the series light emitting diode current path to provide a corresponding color temperature. 24. An apparatus coupled to receive an alternating current voltage, the apparatus comprising: a whole unit providing a rectified alternating current; a plurality of light emitting diodes coupled in series to form a plurality of light emitting diodes; a switcher, which is correspondingly coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes to switch the selected light emitting diode into or out of a series light emitting diode current path; a current sensor, sensing one a light-emitting diode current level 丨 and a controller coupled to the plurality of switches, and to the current edge detector, within the _th portion of the rectified alternating current voltage interval and when the other diode current level When increasing to a first predetermined current level, the control will switch to the series LED output current and the bit in the second part of the rectified AC voltage range and When the current level of the cable diode is reduced to the second pre-current level, the controller switches the corresponding segment LED out of the series-emission dipole flow path, ... ... The step of maintaining the level of the light-emitting diode body is substantially fixed on the first level. $难120 201134295 26. The equipment of the 24th item of Shenqing Patent Range, in the first part of the alternating current voltage range, when the current level of the light-emitting diode has reached a third predetermined level, the control The device further switches the next corresponding segment of the light-emitting body into the series LED current path. 27. The device of claim 24, wherein in the second portion of the alternating current voltage interval, when the current level of the light emitting diode has been reduced to a fourth predetermined level, the controller Further, a corresponding segment of the light-emitting diode is switched out of the series LED current path. 28. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising: a plurality of resistors each resistor of the plurality of resistors being serially coupled to a corresponding switch of the plurality of switches. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein each resistor is lightly coupled to a high voltage side of the corresponding switch. 3. The device of claim 28, wherein each resistor is surface mounted on a low voltage side of the corresponding switch. 3. The device of claim 24, further comprising: a switch and a resistor coupled in series to the at least one segment of the plurality of light emitting diodes of the plurality of light emitting diodes. 32. The device of claim 24, wherein the final segment of the plurality of light emitting diodes is always coupled in the series light emitting diode current path. 33. The device of claim 24, wherein the controller is further coupled to the plurality of light emitting diodes to receive the voltage level of the corresponding node. 121 201134295 34. If you apply for the scope of the patent, the 24th item is also provided. At least one of the switches of the shai and the plurality of switches will be broken into the rectifier to receive the rectified AC voltage. . 35. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein in the portion of the rectified alternating current voltage interval, when the current level of the light emitting diode reaches a predetermined peak level, the (four) device can be further advanced. _ corresponding segment LEDs are switched into the series LED current path; and in the second portion of a rectified AC voltage interval, when the LED current level is reduced to a corresponding value, the control The step-by-step will switch the corresponding segment LED from the series LED current path. From the device as claimed in the patent scope 帛35, wherein the controller switches the corresponding segment light-emitting diode out of the series-emitting diode current path control, and the (four) segment-emitting diode switcher The series LED current paths are in reverse order. 37. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the controller further determines whether the rectified alternating current voltage is phase modulated. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein when the rectified alternating current voltage is phase-modulated, the controller further switches a length of the light-emitting diode knife into a beta-series light-emitting diode current path. Corresponding to the reciprocating AC voltage level. 39. The device of claim 37, wherein when the rectified alternating current voltage is phase modulated, the controller further switches a length of the light emitting diode into the series light emitting diode current path, which is rectified The time interval of the AC voltage level. The device of claim 37, wherein when the rectified alternating current voltage is phase-modulated, the controller further maintains a parallel light-emitting diode current path via a first switch, and The next segment of the light emitting diode is switched into the series LED current path via the second switch. 41. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the controller further determines whether there is sufficient time to maintain the rectified alternating current when the following-stage LED is switched into the series LED current path. The first portion of the waste interval is for the light-emitting diode current level to reach the predetermined peak level. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the controller further maintains a first portion of the rectified alternating voltage range for the illuminating diode current level to reach the predetermined peak level The next segment of the LED is switched into the series LED current path; and there is sufficient time to maintain the first portion of the rectified AC voltage range for the LED current level to reach the predetermined peak When horizontal, the controller further does not switch the next segment of the LED into the series LED current path. 43. The device of claim 24, wherein the controller further switches a complex number # and further emits a polar body' to form a first series-connected LED current path, and switches a plurality of segments of the light-emitting diode to form A second series-connected LED current path of the first series-connected LED current path is connected in parallel. 44. The device of claim 24, wherein each of the selected segments of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprises a light emitting diode having a different color or an emission spectrum of 123 201134295 wavelength. 45. The device of claim 44, wherein the controller further selectively switches the selected segment of the LED into the series LED current path to provide a corresponding illumination effect. 46. The device of claim 44, wherein the controller further selectively switches the selected segment of the LED to the series LED current path to provide a corresponding color temperature. 47. The device of claim 24, wherein the device operates at a rectified alternating voltage frequency substantially at about 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 300 Hz, 360 Hz, or 400 Hz. 48. The device of claim 24, further comprising: a plurality of phosphor coatings or layers, each phosphor coating or layer being coupled to a corresponding light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes Each phosphor coating or layer has a luminescence decay time constant of between about 2 and 3 milliseconds. 49. An apparatus coupled to receive an alternating current voltage, the apparatus comprising: a first plurality of light emitting diodes coupled in series to form a first plurality of light emitting diodes; a first plurality of switches Is coupled to the first plurality of light-emitting diodes ' in response to a control signal to switch a selected segment of the LED into or out of a first series LED current path; a current sensing Determining a light-emitting diode current level; and a controller' is coupled to the plurality of switches and to the current portion 124 201134295 sensor '纟 alternating current voltage interval - part and responding to The LED current level 'the controller generates a first control signal to switch a corresponding segment of the j-multiple-segment LEDs into the first-series light-emitting diode current path And - in the second part of one of the alternating current voltage ranges, and in response to the level of the light emitting diode, switching the corresponding partial light emitting diode of the first plurality of light emitting diodes out of the first series Light diode current path. x 50. The device of claim 49, wherein the controller further maintains the LED current level f on the first predetermined level. 51. The device of claim 3, further comprising: a plurality of resistors. Each of the plurality of resistors is coupled in series to a corresponding switch of the plurality of switches. 52. As in the device of claim 51, each of the resistors will be lightly coupled to the high voltage side of the corresponding switch. 53. The device of claim 51, wherein each of the resistors is coupled to the low voltage side of the corresponding switch. . 54. The device of claim 49, further comprising: a converter resistor coupled in series to the at least one segment of the plurality of light emitting diodes of the plurality of light emitting diodes. The device of claim 49, wherein the final segment of the plurality of light-emitting diodes is always coupled to the series-connected diode current path. The equipment of the 49th patent of the patent, wherein the controller is further bound to the plurality of light-emitting diodes by 125 201134295 to receive the voltage level of the corresponding node. . 57. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein at least one switch of the plurality of switches is coupled to the rectifier to receive the rectified alternating current voltage. ^ 58. The device of claim 49, further comprising: a second plurality of light emitting diodes coupled to form a second plurality of light emitting diodes; and a first plurality of switches, Is coupled to the second plurality of light emitting diodes to switch the __ selected segment of the second plurality of light emitting diodes into or out of a second series light emitting diode current path; wherein the controller further Coupling to the second plurality of switches and further generating a corresponding control signal 'to switch the plurality of segments of the second plurality of light emitting diodes, U forming a second series LED current of the parallel 帛-series light-emitting diode current path path. 59. The device of claim 58 wherein the second series-connected photocurrent path has a polarity opposite to the first series-connected LED current path. 60. The device of claim 58, wherein the direction of the first current flowing through the first series LED current path and the second current flowing through the second series LED current path The current is reversed. 61. The device of claim 49, further comprising: a current limiting circuit. 62. The device of claim 49, further comprising: 126 201134295 A dimming interface circuit. The step includes the step 6. In the device of claim 49, a DC power supply circuit is coupled to the controller. 64. As in the device of claim 49, a temperature protection circuit is provided. Eight, schema · (such as the next page) 127