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TW201130778A - A refractory product having high zirconia content - Google Patents

A refractory product having high zirconia content Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201130778A
TW201130778A TW099144071A TW99144071A TW201130778A TW 201130778 A TW201130778 A TW 201130778A TW 099144071 A TW099144071 A TW 099144071A TW 99144071 A TW99144071 A TW 99144071A TW 201130778 A TW201130778 A TW 201130778A
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Taiwan
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TW099144071A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel Gaubil
Ludovic Massard
Isabelle Cabodi
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Saint Gobain Ct Recherches
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Publication of TW201130778A publication Critical patent/TW201130778A/zh

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    • C04B35/48Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/42Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
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  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

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201130778 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於具高氧化鍅含量之新穎熔鑄耐火產品。 【先前技術】 在耐火產品中,熔鑄產品與燒結產品之間係有差別的, 該等熔鑄產品已知用於構建玻璃熔融爐。 與燒結產品不同,熔鑄產品一般包括將結晶晶粒連結在 一起之粒間玻璃相。燒結產品與熔鑄產品所造成之問題及 適用於解決其之技術方案通常不同。因此,所研發用於製 作燒結產品之組合物並非先驗的適於如此用於製作熔鑄產 品’且反之亦然。 通常稱作電熔產品之_產品係藉由在電㈣中炼融適 宜原材料之混合物或藉由適於此等產品之任一其他技術來 獲得。然後將熔融材料澆鑄至模具中並隨後對所得產品實 施受控冷卻循環以達成環境溫度而不破裂。熟習此項技術 者將此作業稱作「退火」。 在炫鑄產品中’具高氧化錯含量之電溶產品以其極高耐 腐钮性品質而著稱,而不會將所產生玻璃著色且不形成缺 陷》 通常,具高氧化錯含量之熔铸產品亦包括氧化納(Na2〇) 以避免自氧化錯及存在於產品中之二氧化石夕形成錯石。形 成結石係有害的,此乃因其伴有大約2〇%之體積減小,藉 此產生機械應力’從而形成裂縫。 FR 2則〇22闡述高氧化錯含量之溶鑄產品,其含有7〇 152962.doc -4- 201130778 重量%至11.2重量%之Si〇2、0.05重量%至! 〇重量%之 P205、0.05重量%至1_0重量%之氧化硼b2〇3及〇 〇1重量%至 0.12重量%之Na20+K20。 FR 2 723 5 83闡述向氧化鍅含量之熔鑄產品,其含有3重 量%至8重量%之Si02、〇.1重量%至2 〇重量%之八丨2〇3、 0.05重篁%至3_0重量%之氧化硼ίο]、〇 〇5重量%至3重量 % 之 BaO+SrO+MgO 及 0.05 重量 % 至 〇 6 重量 % 之 Na2〇+K2〇 及小於0.3重量%之Fe203+Ti〇2。 FR 2 83 6 682闡述高氡化錘含量之熔鑄產品,其含有2重 量%至8重量%2Si02、〇.2重量%至2 ◦重量%之八12〇3、 〇.12重量%至ι·〇重量%iNa2〇&〇 5重量%至2 6重量%之 Y2〇3 + CaO。 由 Society EUrop6enne des pr0duits R6fractaires製造並出 售且由專利ΕΡ-Β-0 403 387涵蓋之ER_1195產品現已廣泛用 於玻璃熔融爐中。其化學組成包含約94%氧化鍅、4%至 5%二氧化矽、約1%氧化鋁、〇.3。/❶氧化鈉及小於0.05重量% 之P2〇5。其為用於玻璃製造爐中之高氧化鍅含量產品所特 有。 儘管該等產品可提供良好性能,但一直需要表現良好可 行性及長壽命之高氧化錯含量淹鎮產品,尤其當用於玻璃 製造爐之器皿中時。 本發明設法滿足此需要。 【發明内容】 本發明建議熔鑄耐火產品,其以基於氧化物之重量百分 152962.doc 201130778 比計且對於總共1 〇〇%而言包含·· -Zr02 : 補足至100% -Hf20 : <5% • Si〇2 · 2% 至 10% -Y2〇3+Ce02+CaO+MgO : 0.8〇/〇至 4.0% -B2O3 · <4.5% -B2O3 * >0.09x(Y2〇3+l/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))xSi〇2 -AI2O3 : 0.3%至 2.0% -Ν&2〇 + Κ2〇 : <0.5% -P205 : <0.05% -Fe2〇3+Ti02 · <0.55% -其他物種: <1.5%; 前提為Y2〇3之含量大於或等於0.5%或甚至大於或等於 0.7°/。或Ce02+Ca0+Mg0之含量大於或等於2%。 在作業中’使玻璃製造爐之器皿中之區塊所經受之溫度 自其與炼融玻璃接觸之面(「熱面」)至其暴露於器皿外部 之面(「冷面」)降低。然而’具高氧化锆含量之產品通常 呈現介於兩個相之膨脹溫度之間的最大膨脹溫度。因此, 將兩個®比鄰區塊裝配在一起以至少在經受此最大膨脹溫度 之區域中保持永久接觸。此確保至少在此臨界區域中,其 可確保器皿·密封。限制此臨界區域中之腐蝕甚為重要。 炫融玻璃所造成之腐蝕通常會隨著溫度的增加而增加。 因此,本發明者已想到,設法降低構成區塊之材料的最大 152962.doc 201130778 膨脹溫度而使該臨界區域移位至區塊之冷面可能是有利 的。因此,此臨界區域可以比先前技術黏性更大且腐银性 更低之方式與溶融玻璃接觸。 如下文說明書中所更詳細解釋,且由於本發明者之研 究’本發明者已發現,本發明產品呈現顯著膨脹行為,且 尤其降低之最大膨脹溫度。另外,此產品可保持高工業可 行性。 在貫施例中,本發明產品具有小於〇. 5 %、小於〇. 3 %或 實際上小於0.1%之以下氧化物中之每一者:Ce〇2、Ca〇及
MgO ’或貫際上不具有該等氧化物中之任一者。該等氧化 物可僅作為雜質存在。本發明者已觀察到,Y2〇3提供最佳 結果。 本發明產品亦可包括以下可選特性中之一或多者,包括 田其遵從下文所述特定實施例且前提為該等可選特性與該 等特定實施例相容時: -較佳地: B2〇3>0.095x(Y2〇3+l/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))xSiO2 ; -較佳地: B2〇3>0.1x(Y2〇3+l/3(CeO2+CaO+Mg〇))xSiO2 ; -Zr〇2+Hf02之重量含量小於97.0%、或甚至小於96.5%, 且/或大於85.0%、或大於86.0%; •二氧化石夕Si〇2之重量含量大於2.5%、或甚至大於 3.〇%,且/或小於9.0%、或甚至小於8.0%、或甚至小於 7·〇°/。、或甚至小於6.0% ; 152962.doc 201130778 -MgO之重量含量小於〇·7%、小於〇·5。/。、小於0.3%且/或 大於0.1% ; -Ce02之重量含量小於0.7%、小於0.5%、小於〇3%且/ 或大於0.1 % ; -CaO之重量含量小於〇·7%、小於〇 5%、小於〇3%且/或 大於0.1% ; • MgO、Ce02及CaO中每一者之重量含量可小於〇 5〇/〇、 小於0.3%、甚至小於〇.20/0 ; -Y203 + Ce02 + Ca0+Mg0之重量含量大於〇·9%,且/或小 於3.5%或甚至小於3.0% ; -丫2〇3之重量含量大於0.5%、大於0.6%或大於〇·7%、或 甚至大於0.8%、甚至大於〇.82%、或甚至大於〇·9%,且/或 小於3.0%、或甚至小於2.5%、或甚至小於2 〇%、或甚至小 於1.5%、或甚至小於1.3% ; -氧化硼Β2〇3之重量含量大於〇·2%、或甚至大於〇 3〇/〇、 或甚至大於0.4%且/或小於3.5%、小於3%、小於2.5%、或 甚至小於2.0%、或甚至小於1.5%、或甚至小於1 ; -氧化紹Al2〇3之重量含量小於i 5% '或甚至小於1 2%、 或小於1.0% ; -氧化紹Α1ζ〇3之重量含量大於〇4。/。、大於〇6%、或甚至 大於0.7% ; -氧化納NasO與氧化鉀κ2〇之重量含量之和小於〇 4%、 或甚至小於0.3%、小於0.2% ; -氧化鈉NaO僅作為雜質存在,且其重量含量小於 J52962.doc 201130778 〇·2%、或甚至小於0.1% ; -氧化卸Κ2〇僅作為雜質存在,且其重量含量小於〇 2%、 或甚至小於0.1 % ; -氧化鐵及/或氧化鈦Fe203Ti0<重量含量小於04%、較 佳小於0.3%、較佳小於0 2%。 -BaO之重量含量小於〇 1%、較佳小於〇〇5%;較佳地, BaO之3量貫質上為零;較佳地Ba〇僅為雜質; •「其他物種」之總重量含量小於〗〇%、小於〇 6%、小 於0.5%、或甚至小於〇 3%。 -「其他物種」僅由雜質構成。 -任一「其他物種」之重量含量小於〇 4%、或甚至小於 0.3%、或甚至小於〇 2%。 在特定例示性實施例中,本發明提供熔鑄耐火產品,其 以基於氧化物之重量百分比計包含: • Si02 : <8% • Y2O3 <2.5% B2O3 * 0.3%至 2.5% AI2O3 * <1.5%。 在一實施例中,本發明提供熔鑄耐火產品,其以基於氧 化物之重量百分比計包含: .Si02 : 3%至 6% • 丫2〇3 : <1.5% • 02〇3 : 0.4% 至 1 ·0〇/〇 <1.2% 〇 • A1203 : 152962.doc 201130778 本發明亦提供製作本發明耐火產品之方法,該方法包含 以下連續步驟: a) 將原材料混合以形成初始進料; b) 將該初始進料熔融以獲得溶融材料;及 c) 藉由使該熔融材料冷卻將其固化,以獲得耐火產品; 此方法值得關注之處在於該原材料係以該耐火產品依照 本發明之此一方式來選擇。 較佳地,有條不紊地添加需要最低含量之氧化物或該等 氧化物之前體。較佳地,應考慮其他氧化物源中該等通常 被視為雜質之氧化物的含量。 較佳地,對冷卻進行控制以便較佳以小於/小時之 速率、較佳以約1 Ot /小時之速率進行。 本發明亦提供玻璃熔融爐,其尤其在其欲與熔融玻璃接 觸之區域中包括本發明财火產品、或藉由使用本發明方法 製作或適於製作之耐火產品。在本發明爐中,耐火產品可 藉由溶融、尤其藉由電熔融有利地形成用於製備玻璃之器 皿之一部分’其中其可能與處於高於12〇〇艽之溫度下之熔 融玻璃接觸。 本發明亦係關於一限制區域中之腐蝕之方法,其中玻璃 溶融爐之器皿中之兩個區塊僅在該器孤含有熔融玻璃時接 觸。根據本發明’使用本發明產品中之區塊。 定義 氧化物之重量百分比係相對於每一對應化學元素之總含 量而言’該等化學元素係以工業中一般慣例之應用中最穩 152962.doc •10. 201130778 定之氧化物形式表示。 「Y2〇3+Ce〇2+Ca0+Mg0」通常意指 Y2〇^eCe〇2及/ 或CaO及/或Mg〇。 「熔融材料」係需要含於容器中以保持形狀之液體物 質。其可含有數個固體顆粒,但其量不足以能夠構成該物 質。 術語「雜質」係用於意指不經意地且必然地與原材料一 起引入或與該等成份反應所致之不可避免的成份。雜質並 非係必要成份,其僅係可容忍的。舉例而言,形成包含以 下之群之一部分的化合物係雜質:鐵、鈦及鉻之氧化物、 氮化物、氮氧化物、碳化物、碳氧化物、碳氮化物及金屬 物種。 除非說明相反之情形,否則所闡述及所主張之產品中氧 化物之所有量均係以基於氧化物之重量百分比計。 【實施方式】 在本發明熔鑄產品中,氧化锆心〇2之高含量用於滿足高 耐腐蝕性之要求’而不會將所產生玻璃著色且不形成對玻 璃品質有害之缺陷。 存在於本發明產品中之氧化铪Hf〇2係天然存在於氧化鍅 源中之氧化給。因此,其在本發明產品中之含量小於 5%、通常小於2%。 氧夕Si〇2之存在尤其用於形成粒間玻璃相’其適於 有效適應在其可逆同素異形轉化期 間氧化锆體積之變化, 即在單斜相與四方相之間傳遞。二氧化矽之含量必須大於 152962.doc -11 - 201130778 重量/〇相比之下,二氧化石夕之添加不能超過l 〇% ’此乃 因此添加將損害氧化錯含量且因此可對耐⑽性有害。 B2〇3之存在尤其用於改良產品之可行性。相對之下,氧 化硼之添加不能超過4.5%,此乃因此添加將損害氧化锆含 量且因此可對耐腐I虫性有害。 氧化鋁Ah〇3之存在尤其對於形成穩定玻璃相且對於熔 融材料至模具中之良好可鑄性係必需的。然而,氧化紹之 添加不能超過2% ’此乃因較高重量含量可導致玻璃相之 不穩定性(形成莫來石(mulHte)晶體),尤其由於氧化蝴之 存在。
Na2〇+K:2〇之重量含量不能超過〇·5〇%以限制原材料、尤 其氧化蝴之損失。在本發明產品中,吾人認為氧化物叫〇 與K2〇具有相似效應。 在本發明中,Fe2〇2+Ti〇2之重量含量小於〇 55%,且 P2〇5之含量小於〇.()5%。該等氧化物係有害的且其含量必 須限於作為雜質與原材料一起引入之痕量。 「其他物種」係上文未列示之物種,即除Zr〇2、Η山、 Sl〇2、Y2〇3、Ce02、Ca0、Mg0、β2〇3、Al2〇3、Ν&2〇 K「2〇、P2〇5、Ti02&Fe2〇3以外之物種。在一實施例中, 「其他物種」限於不特別期望存在且通常作為雜質存於原 材料中之物種。 通常,上文所列示之氧化物源不包含TWOS。本發明產 品之Ta2〇5之含量較佳小於1.3%、小於1.0%、甚至小於 〇·5%、或小於0.2%。 152962.doc 12 201130778 在另_ ^ 貫知例中,「其他物種」亦可包含存在有利之物 種。因此,Λ —實施例中’產品有利地包括至少〇 〇5〇/〇氧 化鋇BaO。,士备, , 此虱化物可係雜質或若需要,可將其有意添加 至初始進料φ。θ 其3董以氧化物之重量計較佳小於〇 5 %。 本發明彦Ο ,|> 座。0通*可依照下文所述下列步驟3)至c)來製 作: a) 將原材料混合以形成初始進料; b) 將忒初始進料熔融以獲得熔融材料,·及 /藉由使該炫融材料冷卻將錢化,以獲得本發明耐火 產品; 步驟a)中,對原材料進行選擇以保證最終產品之氧化 物含量。 在步驟b)中,較佳可藉由相對長電弧(其*產生任何還 原)與授拌(其可促進產品再氧化)之組合作用來實施炼融。 為使金屬外觀之結狀物之形成最小化並避免最終產品中 形成口孔或細裂紋’較佳在氧化條件下實施溶融。 較佳使用法國專利第1 喊寻扪弟1 208 577唬及其增補專利第75893 號及第82310號中所述之長弧熔融方法。 該方法包括使用電弧爐(其中該弧在電荷與至少一個愈 該電荷間隔分離之電極之間延伸)及調節該^長度㈣ 其還原作用降至最低’㈣藉由該弧自身之作用、或藉由 將氧化氣體(例如空氣或氧)鼓泡通過該浴、或實際上^由 將放出氧之物質(例如過氧化物或石肖酸鹽)添加至該浴中來 維持熔融浴上方之氧化氛圍並攪拌該浴。 152962.doc 201130778 在步驟C)中,較佳以小於2G°C /小時之速率、較佳以約 l〇°C/小時之速率實施冷卻。 , 可執行製作應用於玻璃熔融爐中之基於氧化鍅之熔融產 的任一習用方法,前提為初始進料之組成使得可獲得呈 現根據本發明產品之組成的組成之產品。 實例 提供以下非限制性實例以闡釋本發明。 在各實例中’使用以下原材料: .氧化錯,其以平均重量計主要含有%5% Zr02+Hf02、〇.2% Si〇2及 〇 〇2% Na2〇 ; •具有33%二氧化矽之錯砂; .純度大於99°/〇之釔及硼之氧化物;及 AC44型氧化紹,其由供應商pechiney出售且平均含有 99.4%氧化鋁 Al2〇3 〇 在電弧爐中使用習用熔融方法且隨後進行澆鑄以獲得 220毫米(mm)x45〇 mmxl50 mm格式之區塊來製備產品。 表1中提供所獲得產品之化學分析;其係關於以平均重 量百分比提供之化學分析。 可行性 就該等實例中之每一者而言,以可行性指數IF來評估產 品之可行性。等於1之IF值對應於極佳可行性(最佳製作良 率’所得物件無缺陷)’且等於〇之11?值對應於工業製作不 可接受之可行性(因為裂縫、碎裂物件......)。 根據所製得區塊之各實例,獲取試樣以實施測試。 152962.doc -14· 201130778 量測相變前之最大膨服溫度 繪製膨脹隨溫度變化之曲線並在氧化鍅轉化(單斜至四 方)前確定對應於最大膨脹之溫度’表1中以「τ」標記。 實例1對應於構成參照物之ER1195產品。 表1
實例 Zr02 Si02 Y2〇3 Al2〇3 Na20 B2O3 0.09χΥ2Ο3 ><Si〇2 IF T 1 95.1 3.45 0.00 1.15 0.30 0.00 0.00 1 1140°c 2 95.1 3.14 0.72 0.65 0.00 0.39 0.20 1 1083〇C 3 93.5 4.20 0.83 0.96 0.00 0.51 0.31 1 1032〇C 4 92.9 5.00 0.85 0.93 0.04 0.28 0.38 0 1034〇C 5 90.9 6.26 0.86 1.16 0.00 0.84 0.48 1 1040°C 6 92.7 4.87 0.88 0.90 0.04 0.66 0.39 1 1029〇C 7 95.1 2.59 0.97 1.03 0.05 0.28 0.23 1 1011°C 8 94.6 3.06 1.20 0.77 0.05 0.37 0.33 1 983〇C 9 92.3 5.00 1.20 0.90 0.00 0.60 0.54 1 980〇C 10 93.9 3.81 1.23 0.79 0.00 0.25 0.42 0 957〇C 結果顯示氧化釔之正向作用。吾人認為產品中氧化紀之 最低含量必須為0.8%以顯著降低相變前之最大膨脹溫度, 尤其對於小於1050。(:之該溫度而言。因此,可有利地降低 與臨界區域接觸之熔融玻璃之溫度,由此增加其黏度,並 因此降低其所產生之腐蝕。有利地,因此限制玻璃茂漏之 風險。 實例3與實例4或實例9與實例10之比較顯示最低量氧化 152962.doc -15- 201130778 硼之存在對於在氧化釔存在下獲得最佳可行性的重要性。 然而,實例4及實例7之比較顯示此最低量取決於氧化紀及 二氧化矽之含量。 此外’其他測试已顯不本發明產品亦表現針對且有高氧 化錯含量之材料所識別之其他性質,尤其對熔融玻璃之耐 腐姓性。 當然,本發明並不限於所闡述及所顯示之實施例,該等 實施例係以非限制性闡釋性實例之方式提供。 152962.doc

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  1. 201130778 七、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種熔鑄耐火產品,其以基於氧化物之重量百分比計且 對於總共100%而言包含: -Zr02 : 補足至100% -Hf20 : <5% -Si02 : 2% 至 10% -〇.9%<Y203 + Ce〇2+Ca0+Mg0<4.0% -B2〇3 : <4.5% B2〇3 : >0.09x(Y2〇3+ l/3(Ce02+CaO+MgO))xSiO -ai2〇3 : 0.3%至 2.0% • Na20+K20 : <0.5% -P2〇5 : <0.05% -Fe203+Ti02 : <0.55% _其他物種: <1.0% ; 前提為Y2〇3之含量大於或等於0.5%或Ce02 + Ca0+ Mg〇之含量大於或等於2〇/〇。 2. 如前述請求項之產品,其中: B2〇3^).095x(Y2〇3 + i/3(CeO2 + CaO+MgO))xSiO2。 3. 如前述請求項之產品,其中: B2〇3>0.1x(Y2〇3 + 1/3(Ce〇2+Ca〇+]V[g〇))xSiO2。 4. 如任一前述請求項之產品,其中該氧化硼含量大於 0.4% 〇 5. 如任—前述請求項之產品,其中該氧化硼含量小於 152962.doc 201130778 2.5% …二,求項之產品’其’該氧化纪γ2〇3含量大於 或等於0.7% 7.如任一前述請求項之差〇,盆 或等於2.5%。 。氧化叫〇3含量小於 8·如任一前述請求項之產品,其中該二氧切含量小於 8.0% 9.如任一前述請求瑁 八貝之產品,其中該氧1.5% 〇 化紹含量小於 10.如任一前述請求項之吝。 甘+ — & 喟之產。〇,其中該氧化鋁含量大0·7ο/〇 〇 於 U.如任一前述請求項之產品,其中(Na20+K2〇)<〇.3%。 12·如任-前述請求項之產品,其中「其他物種」之總重量 含量小於0.5%。 士任刖述求項之產品,其包括小於〇. 5 %之以下氧化 物中之每一者:Ce〇2、CaO及MgO。 14. 一種玻璃熔融爐,其在與熔融玻璃接觸之區域中包括如 任一前述請求項之耐火產品。 152962.doc -2 - 201130778 四、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: 五、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: (無) 152962.doc
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EA201290338A1 (ru) 2012-11-30
WO2011073945A3 (fr) 2011-11-17
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MX2012006784A (es) 2012-07-23
FR2953825A1 (fr) 2011-06-17
SG181742A1 (en) 2012-07-30
JP2013514254A (ja) 2013-04-25
WO2011073945A2 (fr) 2011-06-23
EP2513011A2 (fr) 2012-10-24
JP2015212223A (ja) 2015-11-26
US20120295785A1 (en) 2012-11-22
BR112012014447A2 (pt) 2017-03-07
CN102666434A (zh) 2012-09-12
EA023785B1 (ru) 2016-07-29
FR2953825B1 (fr) 2013-12-20
KR20120104373A (ko) 2012-09-20
EP2513011B1 (fr) 2019-02-20
CN102666434B (zh) 2015-06-10
CA2784430A1 (fr) 2011-06-23

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