TW201113042A - Tooth polishing compositions and methods of tooth polishing without mechanical abrasion - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of polishing a tooth surface without mechanical abrasion is provided. Kits and compositions are also provided.

Description

201113042 VI. Description of the Invention: [Prior Art] As a part of the routine dentistry of professional dentists, the dental system is polished by a composition comprising one or more soft abrasives. Polishing can be used to increase the smoothness of the tooth surface, so that the T back surface is improved and the surface defects are minimized, used to shift # _ anti-use + second surface crack (external fouling), increase Resistance against surface contamination '1 is used to remove plaque and pelhcle' to prevent or reduce the risk of gum disease. 'However, tooth grinding can eventually wear out over time. 'People appear outside of it. Stain and dentin, tooth and gum. The tendency of plaque is different. In addition, the sensitivity to grinding is increased in the presence of tooth surface rot (such as the rot caused by acid (4) (Hunter et al., 2 〇〇 2, 7

Dm·Yi 52: 399-405). The acid selectively removes certain components of the tooth, thereby corroding the tooth surface by increasing surface area and surface roughness. Peroxides are known to have similar effects. Therefore, care needs to be taken to select polishing materials and techniques to balance the stain removal of each patient with the integrity of the tooth surface. There are currently three main types of abrasives for polishing teeth: phosphates, including orthophosphates, polymetaphosphates and pyrophosphates; carbonates; and cerium oxide. Aluminum telluride is also used as an abrasive. Abrasives can be found in both toothpaste formulations and prophylaxis pastes. The preventive paste is a product that is professionally used for polishing teeth by dental doctors and/or dental hygienists. Other abrasives include resin abrasive materials such as particulate wall products of urea and furfural, and those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,070,5,10. Professional polishing includes a mechanically polished end 141702.doc 201113042 (mechanical polishing tip) driven by a low speed device (eg rubber cup or brush) and/or air polishing. The mechanically polished ends can be used alone or in combination with a preventive paste. Air polishing uses air, sodium bicarbonate, and water spray to remove stains and polish the teeth. In addition to the risk of improper dental grinding, some of the other problems with current professional polishing techniques include preventing splashing of the paste, discomfort caused by the frictional heat of the polished end, sensitivity of the tooth surface of the rot, and soft tissue. (including gums, tongue and lips) sensitivity to air polishing. In addition, air polishing is not advisable for patients with gingival or gingival pain. Chlorine dioxide (Cl〇2) is well known as a disinfectant and a strong oxidant. The bacteria, algicidal, fungicidal, bleaching and deodorizing properties of chlorine dioxide are also well known. Chlorine oxide (Cl〇2) is a chlorine-neutral compound in the +IV oxidation state and is sterilized by oxidation. However, it does not have chlorination. It is a relatively small, volatile and energetic molecule and is a free radical even in the form of a dilute aqueous solution. Chlorine dioxide acts as a highly selective oxidant due to its single electron transfer mechanism in the case where the dioxide is reduced to chlorite (Cl?2). At the pH ’, the PKa value of the sub-alcoholate ion/sub-acid balance is extremely low. This is not significantly equal to (10) the sub-gas/secondary acid ion pair equilibrium seen in the near-neutral condition, and indicates that the chlorite ion is present as a main substance in drinking water. One of the most important physical properties of chlorine dioxide is its high solubility in water, especially in cooling water. In contrast to the hydrolysis of chlorine in water, the second of the water: the chlorine does not hydrolyze at any significant extent' and remains in a dissolved state in the form of dissolved gases. 141702.doc 201113042 ^ The conventional method of preparing chlorine dioxide involves reacting sodium sulfite with gas i chlorine (Cl2(g)), hypochlorous acid (HOC1) or argonic acid (HC1). The reaction is: 2NaC102+Cl2(g)=2C102(g)+2NaCl [la] 2NaC102+H0Cl=2C102(g)+NaCl+Na0H [lb] • 5NaC102+4HCl=4C102(g)+5NaCl+2H20 [lc] The reactions [la] and [lb] are carried out at a greater rate in the acidic medium, resulting in an acidic product solution having a pH below 3.5 than substantially all conventional chlorine dioxide formation chemistry. Also, since the kinetics of the formation of chlorine dioxide is high in the concentration of the sulphonate anion, the chlorine dioxide formation is generally carried out at a higher concentration (> 1 〇〇〇 ppm), which must be diluted for use in The concentration used for the application. Chlorine dioxide can also be prepared from chlorate anions by a combination of acidification or acidification and reduction. Examples of such reactions include: 2NaC103+4HC1^2Cl〇2+Cl2+2H20+2NaCl [2a] 2HCl〇3+H2C2〇4^2Cl〇2+2C〇2+2H2〇[2b] 2NaC103+H2S04 + S02 2C102 + 2NaHS04 [2c] Under ambient conditions, all reactions require strong acidic conditions; most commonly in the range of 7-9 to N. Heating the reagent to a higher temperature and continuously removing chlorine dioxide from the product solution reduces the desired acidity to less than 1 N. The method of preparing the gas in situ uses a solution called "stabilized cerium oxide". The stabilized chlorine dioxide solution contains little or no di-rolled chlorine, but consists essentially of sodium chlorite at a neutral or weakly alkaline pH. 141702.doc 201113042 Adding acid to the sodium sulfite solution activates sodium sulfite and produces sulphur dioxide in situ in the solution. The resulting solution is acidic. Generally, sodium chlorite is converted to a lower level of oxidizing gas and a large amount of sodium chlorite remains in the solution. U.S. Patent No. 6,582,682 discloses an oral care composition comprising "environmental dioxide gas" which produces a dioxide gas upon exposure to a moderately acidic pH in the oral cavity. U.S. Patent No. 6,479,037 discloses the preparation of a chlorine dioxide composition for tooth whitening which is prepared by combining a chlorine dioxide precursor (CDp) moiety with an acidulant (ACD) moiety. The CDp portion is a metal chlorite solution having a pH greater than 7. ACD is acidic, for example having a pH of from 3 4.5 to 4.5. Apply CDP to the tooth surface. Acd is then applied to activate the metal chlorite and produce a dioxide gas. The value of 0 at the interface of the contact may be less than 6 and in another range of about 3.0 to 4.5 the resulting oxidizing gas composition on the surface of the tooth is acidic. In addition, this method may cause the cavity mucosa to be affected by contact with strongly highly acidic agents (ACD). U.S. Patent No. 6,432,387 discloses the generation of negative ions in the diaper, thereby effectively purifying the dental polishing agent in the case where the amount of abrasives and invasiveness is reduced. Dental Polishing Compositions However, there is still a need in the art to reduce side effects and methods. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The following summary of the invention is intended to be critical or to determine the following embodiments. Non-exhaustive overview. It is neither used to determine the various embodiments 141702.doc 201113042 Sexual Elements' does not describe its scope. A method of polishing a tooth surface is provided herein. The method comprises contacting a gingival surface with an effective amount of a polishing composition comprising a non-abrasive polishing agent, wherein the non-abrasive polishing agent comprises a oxidizing gas. In one embodiment, the composition is substantially non-cytotoxic. In certain embodiments, the polishing composition comprises less than about 0.2 mg of oxygen 'gas anion per gram of composition. In a consistent embodiment, the polishing composition comprises from about 5 to about 5% chlorine dioxide. In another embodiment, the polishing composition comprises from about 3 Torr to about 4 〇 p (iv) oxidizing air. In certain embodiments, the polishing composition has a positive value of from about 4.5 to about u. In other embodiments, the polishing composition has a pH of from about 5 to about, or a value of greater than about 6 and less than about 8. Some: In the example, the polishing composition may be a thick ancestor containing the thickener component, 'and & In certain embodiments of the sparse fluid composition, the thickener component is selected from the group consisting of natural water, semi-synthetic hydrocolloids, synthetic hydrocolloids = body bauxite. In the examples, the thickener component is a semi-colloid. An exemplary semisynthetic hydroquinone is methyl cellulose sodium. 3 Hard R Storm In some embodiments of the method, the contact of the #牙牙组合 reduces the degree. The surface roughness of the surface roughness is at least about less than the surface roughness of the tooth surface. In certain embodiments, the teeth are contacted with the composition without the hard tissue of the teeth; there is no substantial reduction (d) "microhardness; non-compliance reduces the microhardness of the dentin, and/or does not cause tooth sensitivity. ", In one embodiment, the composition is substantially non-irritating. In one implementation 141702.doc 201113042 Example 'The composition contacts the soft tissue of the mouth. In some embodiments, there is no need to protect the gums: in certain embodiments, the composition is optionally a mouthwash. In another aspect, a method of polishing a tooth surface is provided, the method comprising contacting a tooth surface with an effective amount of a composition comprising a non-abrasive polishing agent, wherein the non-abrasive polishing agent comprises chlorine dioxide and wherein the tooth surface is contacted The step causes substantial contact of the composition with the oral soft tissue. In one embodiment the composition is non-cytotoxic on the real f. In certain embodiments, the polishing core comprises less than 2 mg of oxygen chloride anion per gram of composition. In another embodiment the composition is substantially non-irritating. In a practical example, the polishing composition comprises from about 5 to about! Coffee Chong (7) Dioxide. In another embodiment, the polishing composition comprises from about 30 to about 40 ppm chlorine dioxide. In certain embodiments, the polishing composition has a positive value of from about seven to five U. In other embodiments, the polishing composition has a pH of from about 5 to about 9, or a value of greater than about 6 and less than about 8. In certain embodiments, the polishing composition can be a thickened fluid composition comprising a thickener component. In certain embodiments of the (iv) fluid composition, the thickener component is selected from the group consisting of natural hydrocolloids, semi-synthetic hydrocolloids, synthetic hydrocolloids. In the embodiment, the thickener component is a semi-synthetic water/body; the twin semi-synthetic hydrocolloid is a slow methyl cellulose, such as a slow methyl cellulose steel. In certain embodiments of the method, contacting the teeth with the composition reduces the surface roughness of the surface. The surface roughness can be reduced by at least about 5% compared to the table: roughness prior to contacting the tooth surface with the polishing composition. In a consistent example, contact between the tooth and the composition does not substantially damage the hard tissue of the tooth; it does not substantially reduce the microhardness of the enamel; it does not substantially reduce the microhardness of the tooth 丨 and / Or does not cause tooth sensitivity. 3 Shell In one embodiment, the composition is substantially non-irritating. In certain embodiments, the composition contacts oral soft tissue. In some embodiments, there is no need to protect the gums. In certain embodiments, the composition is optionally a mouthwash. A kit for preparing a dental polishing composition is also provided. The kit includes a first dispenser comprising a particulate precursor of chlorine monoxide; a second dispenser comprising a thickener component in an aqueous medium; and a preparation for oxidizing comprising an amount effective for tooth polishing A textbook of substantially non-cytotoxic compositions of chlorine. In one embodiment, at least one of the first dispenser and the second dispenser is a syringe. The thickener component can be selected from the group consisting of natural hydrocolloids, semi-synthetic hydrocolloids, synthetic hydrocolloids, and clays. In one embodiment, the thickened rhodium component is a semi-synthetic hydrocolloid. An exemplary semi-synthetic water swell is carboxymethyl cellulose 'such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. [Embodiment] For the purposes of the composition, the kit, and the method, only the % example is described in the drawings. However, the compositions, kits, and methods of use thereof are not limited to the precise arrangements and means of the embodiments described in the drawings. A method of polishing a tooth using a composition that does not include an abrasive is described herein. In another embodiment, the composition is non-cytotoxic and comprises a oxidizing gas. DEFINITIONS Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as 141702.doc -9- 201113042, which is generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures in cytopathic analysis, microbial analysis, organic and inorganic chemistry, and dental clinical studies are generally well-known and commonly used in the art for their nomenclature and laboratory procedures. As used herein, each of the following terms has the meaning associated with it in this section. The article "a" is used herein to refer to one or more of the grammatical terms of the article (ie, at least -). For example, “a factor” means an element or more than one element. The term "about" is to be understood to some extent by those of ordinary skill in the art and depending on the context in which it is used. In general, "about" is included as a range of values for the reference value +/_ ιο%. For example, "about 25%" includes a value of 27.5%. It should be understood that all integers or partial integers between any ranges of M in this document are included. Its dihydrate. As used herein, "polishing" is used to refer to the treatment of a tooth surface to achieve the following: one method: reducing surface roughness (equivalent to increasing surface smoothness); removing foreign soiling; and removing plaque. "Surface roughness" as used in 槿Π文I refers to the microscopic formation of the tooth surface, and the h surface roughness can be measured according to several parameters known in the art. Not limited to) average surface roughness Ra, · q (also known as RMS; root mean square rough seam) ^^ 0 'Kt (the largest rough on the surface of the sample), called the average maximum peak height;) Maximum surface thickness _ 141702.doc 201113042 degrees). The surface roughness can be measured based on the average surface roughness Ra. (10) The arithmetic mean return of the irregularity of the coarse component of the midline measured over the length of the sample. The k small Ra value indicates a smoother surface. The surface thick chain can be used for the promotion of β by the art. 4 7 ^ Any method used to measure Ra (such as surface profile measurement, face scan method, and atomic force microscopy) to measure. The surface roughness can be measured after at least a treatment period and before any subsequent substantial exposure to other substrates, such as remineralization solutions (including saliva). "Grinding" as used herein refers to a substance that is abraded by foreign materials or objects such as green enamel or dentin. As used herein, "abrasive" is a compound or material that can be used to mechanically grind dental materials. As used herein, "shoulder button" refers to the chemical intrusion of the surface of the tooth caused by acid (exogenous and/or endogenous) and/or chelating agents acting on the surface of the tooth. 0 As used herein, "non- An abrasive polishing agent refers to any compound, or combination of compounds, that can quantitatively reduce the surface finish of a tooth without mechanical grinding. Exemplary non-abrasive polishes can also be non-corrosive. "Chemical polishing as used herein" refers to polishing using a non-abrasive polish. As used herein, "effective amount" of a polishing agent is used to mean any amount of polishing agent that will result in polishing the surface of the tooth by one or more treatments. The effective amount is the amount that results in a reduction in the surface roughness of the tooth. As used herein, "cytotoxicity" refers to the property of causing a fatal injury to the structure or function of a mammalian fine monthly package. #当活性医药成分141702.doc -11 - 201113042 (API) When the effective amount is present, the composition meets USp<87> "in vitro bioreactivity" agar diffusion test (currently approved in 2007) The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) bioreactivity limit considers the composition to be "substantially non-cytotoxic" or "non-substantially cytotoxic". As used herein, "irritation" refers to an I" biomass that causes a local inflammatory response (such as redness, swelling, itching, burns, or wraps) by immediate, prolonged or repeated exposure. The composition is considered to be "substantially non-irritating" or "non-substantially irritating" if it is determined to be mild or non-irritating by any standard method of doubling oral mucosal irritation. Non-limiting examples of such methods include: HET_CAM (egg test 'woven chorioallantoic membrane); 输 transmucosal stimulation (4); and in vitro testing using weiwei oral mucosa. As used herein, "dental hard tissue" refers to at least one of sorghum and dentate. As used herein, "dental hard tissue damage" means at least one of the following: a decrease in the microhardness of the enamel and a decrease in the microhardness of the dentine. As used in this =, if the following - or more are satisfied, the composition does not "Bevow knows the hard tissue of the tooth":]) The microhardness reduction of the tannin is less than about 15% ' and / or at 5% At the level, the reduction is not statistically significant; and 2) the reduction in microhardness of the dentin is less than about 15%, and/or at ice trust levels, the reduction is not statistically significant. The term "oxy-chlorine anion" as used herein refers to chlorite ((10)2·) and/or chlorate (cio3·) ions. 141702.doc 201113042 As used herein, "substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution" means a solution of chlorine dioxide having a non-cytotoxic concentration of an oxy-chlorine anion. A solid sulfur dioxide solution as used herein also refers to a concentrated solution of chlorine dioxide containing a concentration of an oxy-chlorine anion which, after dilution to an effective amount of chlorine dioxide, is related to the oxy-chlorine anion. It is not cytotoxic in terms of indifference. The phrase "slightly fluid composition" encompasses compositions which are capable of flowing under the applied shear stress and which, when flowing, have an apparent viscosity greater than the viscosity of the corresponding aqueous chlorine dioxide solution of the same concentration. This includes a full range of expelling fluid compositions comprising: a fluid exhibiting Newtonian flow (wherein the ratio of shear rate to shear stress is ^ and the shearing force of the viscous disk is independent), and the shearing is reduced Viscous fluids (which need to overcome the minimum yielding shore force before flowing, and which also exhibit thinning as the shear continues), pseudoplastic and plastic fluids (which need to overcome the minimum yield stress before flowing), Pressurized (iv) fluid composition (which increases with the trim rate) and other materials that can flow under the applied yield stress. As used herein, the phrase "thickened" and "parts" means A component having the property of thickening the addition of the potting solution or mixture. The "slightening agent component" is used to prepare the "thickening fluid composition" as described above. - The short apparent viscosity is defined as The ratio of the shear stress to the shear rate of any shear condition that causes the flow. The apparent viscosity t shear stress is irrelevant for the material fluid and the apparent viscosity versus shear rate for non-Newtonian fluid compositions. And change. In this article The term "microparticles" is used to refer to all solid materials. As a non-141702.doc •13·201113042 limiting it example, the microparticles may be interspersed with each other to contact each other in some way. These solid materials include particles of any size, and Combinations of Particles of Different Sizes Description The compositions, kits, and methods of use described herein are derived in part from the contact of a tooth surface with a chlorine dioxide composition to minimize damage to soft and hard tissues of the teeth. To a lesser extent, the surface of the tooth is reduced in thickness. In particular, at a 5% confidence level, the oxidized chlorine composition reduces the average surface roughness of the enamel at a statistically significant level. In some embodiments, The chlorine dioxide composition can be non-cytotoxic and/or non-irritating. In some aspects, the surface roughness of the tannin is reduced by at least about 5%, or at least about 8 compared to the surface roughness prior to treatment. %, or even at least about 10%. In one embodiment, the average surface roughness of the enamel is reduced by at least about 12% compared to the average surface roughness prior to treatment. In the meantime, the average surface roughness of the dentate is not increased by a statistically significant amount. The non-cytotoxic and non-irritating chlorine dioxide-containing composition on the sputum is advantageously not adversely affected to a significant extent. Hardness, and therefore does not substantially damage the hard tissue of the teeth. Thus, in one aspect, a method of chemically polishing a tooth is provided. In particular, the method comprises combining a tooth surface with an effective amount of substantially non-cytotoxicity Contact, wherein the composition comprises a polishing agent that polishes the surface of the contact window that is contacted without mechanical grinding. Advantageously, the method is not required to polish the end or spray water. Thus, when using the combinations described herein In the case of objects, kits and methods, avoid the improper use of these appliances 141702.doc -14- 201113042. In addition, one type is particularly suitable for teeth with corroded enamel and / or tel mussels and exposed Quality patient approach. Compared to tannins, the dentin is more sensitive to grinding and is believed to form the basis of tooth sensitivity. Therefore, non-abrasive polishing methods are expected to maintain the structural integrity of the tooth and thereby minimize the risk of developing tooth sensitivity. I. Composition The composition for carrying out the method is an aqueous fluid comprising a non-abrasive polish, wherein the polish is chlorine dioxide. In other embodiments, the compositions can be substantially non-cytotoxic, substantially non-irritating, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a thickener component that renders the composition a thickened aqueous fluid. In other embodiments, the composition can be a mouthwash that can remain in the mouth, in contact with the teeth and soft tissue. Compositions suitable for use in the process comprise at least about 5 ppm, or at least about 20 ppm' or even at least about 3 ppm of chlorine dioxide. Generally, the amount of chlorine dioxide can be up to about 1 〇〇〇 ppm, or up to about 7 〇〇, or up to about 500 ppm, or up to about 2 〇〇 ppm. In certain embodiments, the concentration of dioxin is in the range of from about 5 to about 700 ppm' or from about 20 to about 5 ppm, or from about 30 to about 200 ppm dioxide. In one embodiment, the composition comprises from about 30 to about 40 ppm chlorine dioxide. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 30 PPm. In another embodiment the composition comprises about 40 ppm. Soft tissue stimuli can be produced by highly reactive oxygen species such as those found in peroxidate-based compositions. Soft tissue stimulation can also result from pH extremes of both acidic and basic. In order to minimize the stimulation of soft tissue by the chlorine dioxide-containing composition, the substance is substantially non-cytotoxic. 141702.doc -15· 201113042 ^The compound has at least about 3 5 women. To reduce the potential for hard surface cooking, the composition has a positive value of at least about 4.5. The composition may have a pH of up to about 5 ′ J' and more preferably greater than about 6. In certain embodiments, the pH is in the range of from about 4.5 to about 11, more preferably from about 5 to about 9, and more preferably greater than about 6 and less than about 8. In an embodiment, the pH is from about 6.5 to about 75. Salty stimulation is not caused by the concentration of oxygen and chloride anions. Because the composition can be substantially non-irritating, there is no need to protect the chiseled silver or other soft tissues from irritation prior to treatment. For a composition comprising a oxidizing gas as shown herein ♦, cytotoxicity is primarily produced by the oxygen-gas anion present. Thus, in the absence of other components which cause cytotoxicity, it comprises from 〇 mg (mg) of oxygen-gas anion per gram of composition to no more than about 11 25 11 ^ oxygen-gas anion / gram of composition 'better 0 To about 〇·24, 〇.23, 〇·22, 〇21 or 〇2 〇 oxygen/gas anion/gram composition, more preferably from 0 to about 0.19, 0.18, 〇.17, (M6 〇·15, 〇 ·ΐ4, 0.13 '0.12, 〇·11 or 〇.1〇„^ oxygen_chlorine anion/gram composition, and more preferably 0 to about 〇〇9, 〇〇8, 〇〇7, 〇〇6, 0.05 or The chlorine dioxide-containing composition of 0.04 mg of the oxygen-chlorine anion per gram of composition is substantially non-cytotoxic. The substantially non-cytotoxic composition comprising the oxidizing gas can be substantially purely oxidized with a neutral pH. Preferably, the solution has a pH of from about 5 to about 9 'about 6.5 to about 7.5. One source of substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution is used in US Patent No. 6,432,322 and US AESTROL (BASF Corp., described in 6,699,404

Chlorine dioxide prepared by Florham Park, NJ) Solids 141702.doc -16 - 201113042 disclosed in these patents can be used to prepare highly converted dioxide gas solutions. A solid package, a chlorinated salt (such as sodium sulfite), an acid source (such as sodium bisulfate), and a source of free dentate selected by the brother (such as a sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid or a hydrate thereof). The 〇l material provides a method for efficiently generating oxidizing gas at a substantially neutral pH value, thereby avoiding the problem of tooth compatibility in the earlier oral gas products mainly composed of oxidizing gas. The ^aseptrgl material in the aqueous fluid It has a very high conversion rate, and produces a high concentration of chlorine dioxide and a low concentration of oxygen-chlorine anion. Another method for preparing substantially pure chlorine dioxide is to prepare a solution of a source of oxygen gas by any known method, and then to make Air bubbling ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ and entering the second container of deionized water to prepare substantially pure == product / liquid only ci 〇 2 and possibly some water vapor transferred from the source solution to the product solution. All salts The composition remains in the source solution. Therefore, there is no oxygen-chlorine anion in the substantially pure product solution. Although chlorine dioxide may undergo a certain degree of decomposition, the rate is rather slow. By keeping the solution capped and avoiding exposure Ultraviolet light can slow down the rate of decomposition to a rate of about 5 to about 25% reduction in chlorine dioxide over 7 days. Substantially pure dioxide gas can also be used in full burst technology (such as the technology disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,683,039 In addition, the metal chlorite and acid source can be reacted in a solution state to obtain a higher conversion rate of conversion to dioxide gas and produce a chlorine dioxide solution of greater than about 2000 Ppm. The concentrated solution can then be buffered to medium A composition of the composition described in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,288, which is capable of producing a concentrated chlorine solution. The composition obtains a high concentration of chlorine dioxide solution at an acidic pH. The concentrated solution can then be buffered to substantial Upper neutral pH, thus 141702.doc 17 201113042 Preparation of a substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution. Oxygen-chlorine anions in such solutions can be measured using any method known to those skilled in the art, including adherence to EPA testing Method 300 of general procedure for ion chromatography (Pfaff, 1993, "Method 300.0

Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion Chromatography" Rev. 2.1, US Environmental Protection Agency, or titration based on current measurement methods (Eaton et al., "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" Version 19, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 1995, Current Measurement Method II). Alternatively, the oxy-chlorine anion can be oxidized to iodine by a titration technique equivalent to the current measurement method, but then titrated to the starch end point with sodium thiosulfate instead of current titration; This is referred to as "pH 7 buffer titration". The chlorite analytical standard can be prepared from industrial grade solid sodium chlorite, which is generally assumed to contain about 80% by weight of pure sodium sulfite. To prepare a thickened aqueous composition comprising a dioxide gas that is substantially non-cytotoxic, non-irritating and does not damage the hard tissue of the teeth, the substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution can then be combined with the thickener component and the aqueous medium. Accordingly, another embodiment encompasses a two-component polishing system comprising a first component comprising a substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution and a second component comprising a thickener component in an aqueous medium. The combination of the first and second components results in a non-cytotoxic composition comprising a quantity of oxidizing gas effective for tooth polishing. The chlorine dioxide in the dissolved state decomposes over time. In order to avoid the problems caused by this decomposition (including 141702.doc -18- 201113042 loss of efficacy and formation of nitrous acid anions), the phthalic pure nitrogen dioxide solution can be prepared immediately before the combination of its (four) chemical component and aqueous media . Further, the composition can be prepared immediately before it is used in the process. As used herein, "immediately before" refers to a period of time that is shorter than the time causing impaired efficacy or signs of cytotoxicity. Generally, "immediately before" may be less than about 14 days' and no more than about 24 hours, and more preferably no more than about 2 hours. Substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution can be prepared within about 8 hours of preparing the composition. Care is also taken to avoid exposure of the dioxide gas solution or the prepared composition to strong ultraviolet light or high temperatures (e.g., temperatures greater than ambient temperature (about 25 Torr)). A method of preparing a substantially non-cytotoxic thickening composition comprising chlorine dioxide is also disclosed as "N〇n_Cyt〇t〇xic" filed on February 6, 2009.

The co-transfer of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/^, 685, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. A method of preparing a thickened composition comprising chlorine dioxide is also disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2/6/169949 and No. 2007/0172412. In carrying out the methods described in these two publications, steps (as described herein) must be employed to control the oxygen-to-chlorine concentration to produce a non-cytotoxic composition. Substantially non-cytotoxic compositions comprising chlorine dioxide can also be prepared using particulate precursors and aqueous thickening fluid compositions. Accordingly, a two-component polishing system comprising a first component comprising a particulate precursor of chlorine dioxide and a second component comprising a thickener component contained in an aqueous medium 141702.doc -19 201113042 copies. The combination of the first and second components results in a non-cytotoxic composition comprising an effective amount of a whitening tooth dioxide gas. Precursors of C102 include metal chlorites, metal chlorates, acid sources, and, optionally, halogen sources. The particulate precursor can comprise one of these precursors or any combination of such precursors. An exemplary particulate precursor can be an ASEPTROL product, such as ASEPTROL S-Tab2. ASEPTROL S-Tab2 has a chemical composition (%) by weight: NaC102 (7%); NaHS04 (12%); NaDCC (1%); NaCl (40%); MgCl2 (40%). Example 4 of U.S. Patent No. 6,432,322 describes an exemplary manufacturing method of S-Tab2. Subsequent compaction by pulverizing the compressed S-Tab2 tablet or from the uncompressed powder of the S-Tab2 component, followed by decomposing the resulting compacted strip or brick, and obtaining the sieve Need to size, produce particles. Chlorine dioxide is formed from the ASEPTROL particles after exposure to water or an aqueous thickening fluid. In one embodiment, a substantially non-cytotoxic composition comprising chlorine dioxide is prepared by combining about 40 mesh particles with an aqueous thickening fluid. In one aspect, the thickener component of the thickening fluid is carboxymethylcellulose. The aqueous thickening fluid can be prepared sufficiently prior to combination with the ASEPTROL granules to allow the thickener component to be fully hydrated. In one embodiment, the thickened fluid composition is formed by adding a high viscosity NaCMC powder to distilled water. The NaCMC can be allowed to hydrate for at least about 8 hours, and then the mixture can be stirred to homogenize. Substantially non-cytotoxic compositions for tooth polishing can then be prepared by mixing the sieved ASEPTROL particles with a NaCMC thickening fluid composition. The thickened fluid composition can also be formed in situ with saliva as the aqueous medium. In one embodiment, a mixture of 141702.doc -20-201113042 ASEPTROL granules and a thickener component can be molded, for example, by the addition of ductility, and then the enamel shape is applied to the teeth. The saliva activates the granules to form a oxidizing gas and a thickener component hydrate to form a thickened fluid composition in situ. In another example, a mixture of ASEPTROL particles and thickener components can be placed on a dental strip or dental film or placed in a tray. A dental strip refers to a substantially planar rainbow made of a plastic skeleton that is sufficiently flexible to adhere to the teeth. A dental film refers to a substantially planar object made of a commercially available material that can substantially conform to the surface of the tooth. Optionally, the dental strip can be dissolved in an aqueous medium such as saliva. A strip, film or tray is placed over the teeth and the saliva acts as an aqueous medium as described above to produce a thickened fluid composition in situ. Alternatively, the mixture on the strip or tray is contacted with water or an aqueous medium prior to placement on the teeth. There is no extremely accurate method for directly measuring the oxygen-chloride anion in the thickened fluid composition. However, this value can be accurately estimated by measuring the oxygen-chlorine anion in the aqueous solution (before thickening) and adjusting the final concentration based on the weight of the final thickened fluid. It is expected that the titration described elsewhere herein will be useful for assessing both the chlorine dioxide concentration and the oxygen 'chlorine anion concentration' of the thickened fluid composition. It is contemplated that the oxygen-chlorine anion in the thickened fluid composition can be measured using an ion chromatography as described elsewhere herein, with the proviso that steps are taken to prevent the hydrated thickener component from contaminating the column. - This step is to use a molecular weight transitioner to remove the hydration stabilizer component (such as hydrated CMC) prior to application to the chromatography column. If desired, the fluid composition can be diluted with water prior to analysis to reduce its viscosity or otherwise make it easier to test. Those skilled in the art can readily determine whether a given formulation is sufficiently low by using the USP bioreactivity limit of the usp<87>2 loam 141702.doc 201113042 dispersion test to determine if the formulation is cytotoxic. Oxygen-chlorine concentration. The aqueous thickening fluid composition for carrying out the method may comprise any thickening agent component in an aqueous medium, wherein the thickened fluid composition is non-cytotoxic and non-irritating to soft tissues, especially oral mucosa, and Hard tissue, such as enamel and tooth, causes minimal damage. In addition, the thickener is preferably not detrimental to the polishing agent during the time scale of composition preparation and processing. Many thickening agents are known in the art including, but not limited to, carbomers (e.g., CARBOPOL thickener, Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, OH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). , ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, natural montmorillonite clay (eg VEEGEM, RT Vanderbilt Co., Norwalk, CT), synthetic clay (eg LAPONITE (Southern Clay Products, Gonzales, TX)), methylcellulose, superabsorbent polymers (such as polyacrylates (eg LUQUASORB 1010, BASF, Florham Park, NJ)), poloxamer (PLURONIC, BASF, Florham Park, NJ), Polyethylene glycol, sodium alginate, xanthine and xanthan gum. These thickeners can be classified into four groups: natural hydrocolloids (also known as "glue"), semi-synthetic hydrocolloids, synthetic hydrocolloids and clays. Some examples of natural hydrocolloids include acacia, tragacanth, alginic acid, carrageenan, locust bean gum, guar gum, and gelatin. Non-limiting examples of semi-synthetic hydrocolloids include mercaptocellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Synthetic hydrocolloids (also known as "polymers" including polymers, crosslinked polymers and copolymers) 141702.doc -22- 201113042 Some examples include polyacrylates, superabsorbent polymers, high molecular weight polyethylene Alcohol and polypropylene glycol, polyethylene oxide and CARBOPOL. Non-limiting examples of clays (including expanded clay) include LAPONITE, attapulgite, bentonite, and VEEGUM. Exemplary thickener components can be semi-synthetic hydrocolloids. The thickener component can also be a high viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC powder). CMC is a cellulose derivative in which a carboxymethyl group (-CH2-COOH) is bonded to some of the base groups of the grape pentose monomer constituting the cellulose skeleton. It is synthesized by catalytic reaction of cellulose with an alkali metal of chloroacetic acid. The polar (organic acid) carboxyl group makes the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive. The functional properties of CMC depend on the degree of substitution of the cell structure (i.e., the number of hydroxyl groups that have been involved in the substitution reaction) and the chain length of the cellulosic framework structure. A range of CMCs with a viscosity rating and meeting USP standards are available. High viscosity CMC (such as CA194 from Spectrum Chemical Manufacturing Company) has a viscosity of between about 1500 and 3 000 cps at 25 ° C at 1% concentration in water. One composition is in the form of a fluid. In certain embodiments, the fluid can be a thickened fluid having flow properties suitable for applying a fluid to the tooth surface and maintaining the fluid in place during the duration of the tooth polishing process (eg, from about 5 to about 60 minutes). . Thus, a pseudoplastic composition having a yield point sufficient to retain its shape when applied to the teeth but low enough to be easily removed by wiping can be advantageous in practicing the method. In embodiments in which the composition is contacted with a tooth using a tray, strip or similar device, the composition should have sufficient adhesion to hold the device in place. Exemplary adhesives are disclosed in 141, 702. doc -23-201113042, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0025925. The compositions used in the process may optionally contain other components. In certain embodiments, the composition does not include any abrasive components. In other embodiments, the composition may contain a minor effective amount of an abrasive component. In such embodiments the amount of the abrasive component is substantially less than the effective amount. "Substantially less than" means that at least about 25% is less than the effective amount of the abrasive, or at least about 5% is less than the effective amount' or at least about 75% less than the effective amount. Abrasive group injuries known in the art include monoxide eve; borax citrate glass platelets; dish salts, including sulphonate, polymetaphosphate and pyrophosphate; carbonates such as hydrogencarbonate Nano and calcium carbonate (white peony); resin abrasive materials; and alumina. In other embodiments, the composition contains substantially less than an effective amount of the abrasive component used to polish in the absence of chlorine dioxide. That is, it is contemplated that the polishing performance of the specified amount of abrasive can be achieved by a composition comprising chlorine dioxide and less than, and preferably less than, a specified amount of the abrasive component. Although mechanical grinding will occur in such embodiments, it is expected that mechanical milling will be at a substantially reduced level' while still achieving tooth polishing due to a reduction in the amount of mechanical abrasive in the composition. Other optional components which may be present in the composition include, but are not limited to, sweeteners, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and fragrances. Sweeteners include sugar alcohols. Exemplary sugar alcohols include sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, mannitol, maltitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, erythritol, reducing paratinose, and mixtures thereof. Flavoring agents include, for example, natural or synthetic essential oils as well as various flavoring aldehydes, glycerides, alcohols, and other materials. Examples of essential oils include spearmint oil, peppermint oil, wintergreen oil, 141702.doc •24· 201113042 re-oil, clove oil, sage oil, tree oil, horse simmered oil, cinnamon oil 'lime oil, rai Lime oil, grapefruit oil and orange oil. Colorants include those approved by regulatory agencies for incorporation into foods, pharmaceuticals or cosmetics' such as FD&C or D&C pigments and dyes approved for use in the United States by the FDA. Fragrances include menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl lactate, eucalyptus, eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, aniseed brain, eugenol, cinnamon, dioxane, oxanone, alpha-ionone, Propylene-based guaiacol, thymol, linalool, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, hydrazine-ethyl-p-menthane, small carbamide, hydrazine, 2,3-dimethyl-2-isopropyl Amine, 3-(1-decyloxy)-propanone-1,2-diol, cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal (CGA), menthone glycerol acetal (MGA) and the like. Other optional components of the composition include: antibacterial agents (other than chlorine dioxide), enzymes, malodor control agents (other than chlorine dioxide), detergents (such as phosphate), anti-gingivitis agents, Antiplaque agents, anticalculus agents, anti-caries agents (such as fluoride ion sources), anti-periodontal agents, nutrients, anti-sputum agents and the like. Exemplary agents are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0287084, No. 2-6/〇2633〇6, No. 2007/0259011, and No. 2008/0044363. Preferably, all components selected as appropriate have a relative resistance to oxidation by oxidizing gas, which is attributed to the reduction of chlorine dioxide which can be used to polish the tooth surface by oxidation of the composition component by chlorine dioxide. In the time scale for preparing a composition comprising chlorine dioxide and using a chlorine-containing composition in the process, the function of the component selected as appropriate is not substantially impaired and the composition retains its polishing efficacy. The composition is also 141702.doc -25- 201113042 Qualitatively non-cytotoxic, substantially non-irritating, and does not substantially damage the hard tissues of the teeth. Ι][·Usage Method j The 1 method of operation is to contact the surface of the tooth with the composition. The composition contains an effective amount of a polishing agent which can be thrown into contact with the surface of the tooth without mechanical grinding. The composition can be and should be substantially non-cellular and non-irritating. Contact with the teeth to achieve a measurable period of tooth polishing ^ Continuation _ is readily understood by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein. Advantageously, the composition does not substantially damage the hard tissue of the teeth even after prolonged contact. Although the contact may be up to 16, 17, 18, 19 or minutes, or up to a maximum of about 2:, 28, 29 or 30 minutes, or at most about H 45, 50, 55 2: knife or at some In some cases, the longer range of time 'but the duration of contact is generally in the range of seconds to minutes, at least ^ 5, 3 (), 45_ seconds, at least about 1, 2, 1 / 1 bucket, r, spoon 3, 4 or 5 minutes, about 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 minutes * 12 13, 14 or 15 minutes. In certain embodiments, the contact is in a range between about 丨 and about 6 〇 minutes: to about 3 〇 minutes, and more preferably (four) to (four) minutes. In another implementation: the duration of contact for processing can be about 15 minutes. The frequency of processing is also readily determined by those skilled in the art. This treatment may include one tooth contact process or more than one time. The number of treatments can be continuous, at intervals (e.g., hours to days, days to weeks, and longer intervals including months to years or years) or both. Contact between the composition and the surface of the tooth can be achieved by any of a number of methods known in the art 141702.doc -26 · 201113042. The composition can be brushed or applied to the surface of the tooth. The composition can be sprayed or foamed onto the surface of the tooth. The composition can be present on a flexible strip or patch that can be applied to and molded against the surface of the tooth. The composition can be used as a mouthwash; therefore, the composition can be held in a password and allowed to be static, or accompanied by the use of, for example, a tongue and annoying agitation in the mouth to contact the teeth. The composition can be placed in a tray and the tray can then be placed in contact with the teeth. These trays can be customized or undefined. A number of devices suitable for carrying out such methods are disclosed in this technical order, including but not limited to U.S. Patent Nos. 5,879,691, 6,55 1,579, 6,682,721 5, 6,848,9,5,F, and 6,896,518, 6,964,571, 7th, Q()4,756, 7th, (4), 897, US Boxing, A, 2006/0223033, 2007/0298380, and 2008/00259255, and international patents Publication No. pCT/US2〇〇6/〇6i〇9. The entire text of each of these references is hereby incorporated by reference. In certain embodiments, the method can be performed using a tray. In one aspect, the tray is custom made. A method of making a custom-made tray is well known in the art; for example, see U.S. Patent Nos. 6,1,6,284 and M25,759 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2/6/183,183. And the second ____. The entire text of each of these references is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety, the <RTIgt;''''' The Yintuo is then placed in the patient's mouthpiece to produce a negative impression of the primary tooth in the (4) material. After the negative impression has been formed, the negative impression produced by the impression tooth is made of a soft cast material (such as dental hard plaster (d 141702.doc -27· 201113042 st〇ne), gypsum or epoxy resin) )filling. The impression tray is then flipped over and mounted on a pre-installed device, such as a dental scale tray or base. After the town & material has a chance to harden, the impression tray is removed to cause the cast material to form a positive dental impression on the mounting surface. Another method of preparing a custom tooth tray is to use a boiling and "female" material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate \ y Vlnyl aeetate 'EVA" or a thermoformed plastic garment of a polystyrene. By heating the thermoformable plastic in the Buddha water, it is biologically acceptable, θ Λ 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰 舰,, ', the cold part of the tooth and maintain its new shape. To achieve this method, a substantially non-cytotoxic composition of & non-abrasive polishing agents is placed in the tray. ψ The tray is then placed in the patient's mouth to handle the event. It is also contemplated that the chlorine dioxide composition can be made by minimizing contact of the soft tissue with the oxygen-chlorine anion present in the composition or by preventing contact of the soft tissue with the milk-chlorine anion present in the composition. The administration is essentially 1 cytotoxic. Therefore, as an example, it is envisaged to include a microporous barrier that allows the oxidized rat to pass through and substantially does not allow the oxygen-chlorine anion to permeate.

Device. An emulsified enamel composition can be completely or partially surrounded by the selectively permeable barrier. In the case of grass 眚 e A , the membrane is hydrophobic; the hydrophobic shell of the membrane prevents the aqueous reaction medium and water. J. The recipient medium passes through the membrane. The characteristics of the material used for the barrier soil include: the hydrophobicity of the microporous material, the thickness of the pore seeding, and the attack on chlorine dioxide, gas, chlorite bite X, chlorate 'chloride ion, acid and test. Chemical stability. Of course, the microporous barrier should be substantially non-irritating and substantially non-cytotoxic for contact with soft tissue, especially at the time of typical use of the device 141702.doc -28- 201113042. It is envisaged that the chlorine dioxide composition utilized in the apparatus does not: is a thickened fluid, the restriction being that the device can adhere to the tooth surface and the chlorine dioxide permeable to the membrane can contact the tooth surface. Materials suitable for use as such barriers are known in the art and include expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g., G0RE_TEX) and polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf). See, for example, Mito (4) 4,683, G39. The procedure for forming expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,953,566. The material can be provided in the form of a composite formed by a support material that provides the structural strength required for use. The diameter of the barrier can vary greatly depending on the desired flow rate of chlorine dioxide through the barrier. The holes should not be too small to prevent the flow of chlorine dioxide gas, but should not be too large to allow liquid to flow through. The porosity of the barrier can also vary greatly depending on the desired flow rate of chlorine dioxide through the barrier. The barrier strength considerations also dictate the porosity chosen. In general, the barrier porosity varies from about 50% to about 98%. It is also contemplated to use a reactant which forms Cl?2, encapsulated in a polymeric material which allows C102 to pass through but does not substantially allow the oxygen-chlorine anion to pass through. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 7,273,567. As shown herein, substantially non-cytotoxic compositions comprising chlorine dioxide as a polishing agent unexpectedly reduce the average surface roughness of the low tannin in the absence of mechanical abrasives. The enamel surface roughness can be reduced by at least about 5%, at least about 8%, or at least about 12% relative to the enamel surface roughness prior to contact. The average surface roughness of the tooth quality does not increase by a statistically significant amount. 14I702.doc -29- 201113042 Furthermore 'substantially non-cytotoxic compositions containing chlorine dioxide cause minimal damage to hard surfaces such as tannins and dentin, even during long-term exposure on teeth/effectively The same is true. In certain embodiments, the microhardness of the glassy soil contacted with the substantially non-cytotoxic composition is less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 8% relative to the 5 enamel prior to contact. , or less than about 5%. In certain embodiments, the green enamel microhardness is reduced by less than about 1% relative to the contacted bead enamel after a total processing time of about 7 hours. In certain embodiments, the phase 2 is prior to contact with the dentin, and the microhardness of the dentin in contact with the substantially non-cytotoxic composition is less than about 15%, or less than about 10%, or less than about 8 Å. /〇. In some embodiments, the dentin microhardness reduction is less than about 8% after a total treatment time of 7 hours relative to the densities prior to contact. Thus, as shown herein, substantially non-cytotoxic includes chlorine dioxide, and the s has advantageously been in the absence of mechanical abrasives and does not substantially stimulate the soft tissue of the ecavity mucosa and does not cause Dental polishing is provided in the case of tooth sensitivity. Thus, the composition can be in substantial contact with the oral soft tissue without causing irritation or cytotoxicity. As used herein, "substantial contact with oral soft tissue" refers to contact with more contact with the gingival tissue of a nearby treated tooth. Thus, substantial contact includes, but is not limited to, contact with the teeth, buccal mucosa, and tongue tissue. In addition, the use of substantially non-cytotoxic and non-irritating compositions comprising chlorine dioxide has minimal adverse effects on tannin and dentin microhardness. Efficient tooth polishing is accompanied by the most inconspicuous and the combination of adverse side effects in the prior art is extremely high. 141702.doc -30· 201113042 The attempt was not reached. Chlorine dioxide slowly decays over time. Thus, when the method is practiced in a composition comprising chlorine dioxide, to maximize tooth polishing performance of the composition and to ensure non-cytotoxicity, the composition can be prepared immediately prior to use as described elsewhere herein. A composition is prepared. It can be prepared by the method described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/15, No. 685, entitled "N.N.-Cytotoxic Chlorine Di. " In an embodiment, the particulate precursor of chlorine dioxide may be present in a first dispenser, such as a syringe, and the thickener component in the aqueous medium is present in the second dispenser t. The aqueous thickening fluid in the second dispenser can be added directly to the particulate mixture in the first fine mode, resulting in a combined reaction, and then mixed until the same sentence. Alternatively, aqueous medium f can be added to the particulate precursor to prepare a substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution. A suitable amount of this solution can then be mixed with the aqueous thickener in another dispenser. These embodiments are all preferably implemented using a syringe as a dispenser. In any embodiment, the two main thefts can be connected to each other, and the contents are combined by dispensing the contents of one syringe into the other, and then the mixture is dispensed back into another syringe until / The heart is homogeneous. In another embodiment, the two dispensers are two bobbins of a dual barrel syringe. Other devices for the preparation and application of the compositions are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/150,685, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.套. Kits and Other Articles The present invention further provides a kit comprising the composition of the present invention, or the composition of 141702.doc • 31 - 201113042, and a textbook describing the use of the composition in a method of polishing a tooth surface. As used herein, "textbook" includes publications, records, figures, or any other expression medium that can be used to convey a composition and/or compound of the invention in a kit in a method of polishing teeth without the need for mechanical abrasives. Applicability. Sex. The kit may be, for example, attached to a container containing the compound and/or composition of the present invention or shipped in a container containing the compound and/or composition. Alternatively, the textbook can be shipped separately from the container for the recipient to use the textbook and compounds in a collaborative manner. The delivery of the teaching material can be achieved, for example, by physical delivery of a publication or other expression medium that conveys the suitability of the kit, or can be achieved by electronic transmission, such as by means of a computer, such as by e-mail, or downloaded from a website. In an embodiment, the kit can comprise two dispensers suitable for use in preparing the composition. - The dispenser contains a particulate precursor of chlorine dioxide. The second dispenser comprises a thickener component in an aqueous medium. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a two compartment container. One compartment contains a particulate precursor of oxidizing gas. The second compartment contains a thickener component in an aqueous medium. The container optionally includes a third compartment for combining some or all of the contents of the two other compartments. In certain embodiments of the kit, the particulate precursor is ASEPTROL granules such as ASEPTROL S_Tab2. In one embodiment of the set, the thickened age is (10). In the case of the kit, the particulate precursor comprises ASEPTROL S-Tab2 particles and the thickener component comprises (10) ruthenium. The kit also includes an applicator as appropriate. The term "applicator" as used herein by the term 5w is adapted to contact the surface of the tooth with the composition. 141702.doc • 32· 201113042 Any device including, but not limited to, trays, syringes, straws, brush cups And its analogues. EXAMPLES Referring to the following experimental examples, the compositions, kits, and methods of use thereof are described in detail. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise indicated. Therefore, the compositions, kits, and methods of use thereof are not to be considered as limited to the following examples, but are to be construed as covering any and all variations that are apparent from the teachings provided herein. Experimental Example 1: Cytotoxicity assay To test the effect of dichlorosilane on mammalian cells, the following experiment was performed. Two series of samples containing different amounts of chlorite anions were prepared. Example 1-4 used a superabsorbent polyacrylate gel (labeled as gel type "S"). Examples 5-8 used a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel (labeled as gel type "C"). " In the gel composition used in this experiment, ASEPTROL S-Tab2 particles were used. The chemical composition of the particles is shown in Table 1. Component Table 1 Sodium Cyanide sodium salt % (wt/wt) 7%

Sodium chlorite (Aragonesas Energia, Spain) is industrial grade containing nominally 80% by weight (0.8) NaC1〇2 and 20% inorganic stabilizer salts, such as 141702.doc -33- 201113042

NaCl, NaOH, Na2C03 and Na2S〇4. A sodium diisocyanurate salt (NaCl2(CN0)3.2H20) called ACL-56 was obtained from Oxychem. Lozenges, from which granules can be made, are prepared substantially as described in Example 4 of U.S. Patent No. 6,432,322, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, each individual component of the granules is dried. The appropriate number of ingredients were mixed together and the mixture was compacted into a tablet form using a hydraulic bench press. The bond thus formed was ground into granules using a research spider and a mortar. The resulting granules were sieved using a 40 mesh U.S. standard sieve; the -40 mesh size fraction was used in the experiment. ASEPTROL S-Tab2 tablets have a higher degree of conversion of chlorite anions to C102 (see examples in U.S. Patent No. 6,432,322). Typically, the solution prepared from the tablets contains about 10 times as much C102 as the residual chlorite anion. When contacted with water (liquid), water is absorbed into the pores of the tablet, which forms a saturated aqueous solution of the components in the pores. These conditions (high concentration of sulphonate anion and low pH) are suitable for the production of chlorine dioxide (Cl〇2) by reacting a sulphonate anion (C10 oxime with acid or chlorine) by the following reaction: 5NaC102+4H+- > 4C102+NaCl+4Na++2H2O Equation 3 2NaC102+0Cr+H+-> 2C102+NaCl+Na0H Equation 4 Residual chlorite anion in dissolved state can be produced from several sources. Residual sulphonate anion in dissolved state One source is sodium chlorite, which dissolves from the surface of the ASEPTROL tablet (or granule) into the bulk solution. Under the extremely dilute and generally neutral pH conditions of the bulk solution, chlorous acid I41702.doc -34 - 201113042 The conversion of the root anion to (10) is low, so any chlorite anion dissolved from the outside of the tablet or granule remains substantially unconverted and remains in the form of a chlorite anion in a dissolved state. Anything that enhances the surface dissolution of sodium chlorite before the conversion of sodium to (10) 2 will cause an increase in the concentration of chlorite anion in the resulting solution or gel. Each matrix gel (aqueous thickening fluid) pair To compensate for the difference in the final sample, @active ingredient concentration is different. The final concentration of the thickened bismuth component in the prepared gel sample is the same in each series. The matrix gel was prepared by combining deionized water with a gelling agent (dimudge component). To allow the gelling agent to become fully hydrated, the mixture was allowed to stand for several hours to overnight. Gel mixture to homogenize the base challenge gel. Prepare the sample by combining the ASEPTR 〇L granules with the matrix gel shortly before use. Minimize the exposure of the ASEPTR 〇L material to ambient humidity or water prior to use. To avoid loss of performance. After adding ASEpTR〇L particles to the matrix gel, mix the samples with stainless steel or plastic spatula for 30 seconds, cap and keep at room temperature for 5 minutes. Then test for the second time. The sample was mixed for 30 seconds to homogenize the sample. The prepared sample was tightly capped until the s time was measured. The sodium sulfite particles and the prepared sample were protected from strong ultraviolet light to limit ultraviolet light induction. Decomposition The test was started no more than 2 hours after the sample. The concentration of chlorine dioxide was evaluated by pH 7 buffer titration using potassium molybdate (KI) and sodium thiosulfate for other samples. Samples 5 and 5 have zero oxidization. Samples 2 and 6 have approximately 30 ppm C102. Samples 3 and 7 have approximately 141702.doc • 35-201113042 40 ppm and Samples 4 and 8 have approximately 580 ppm Cl〇2. An extremely precise method of chlorite anion in a fluid composition. Thus, the maximum concentration of nitrousate anion that may be present in each prepared sample is provided below. Since the reactant is activated in the presence of an aqueous medium and produces chlorine dioxide, thereby consuming a chlorite anion, the actual amount of the sulphonate anion is expected to be less than the maximum amount. Calculate the maximum amount of nitrous acid anion that may be present in the sample using the following formula: ((S_tab2 weight of the particles X weight fraction of sodium sulfite in the particles X chlorite weight fraction in sodium chlorite) The nominal weight fraction of X sodium chlorite) x 1000) / total weight of the final sample. The weight fraction of sodium chlorite used in the S-Tab2 particles was 0.07. The weight fraction of the sub-alcoholate in sodium chlorite was 0.74. The nominal weight fraction (i.e., the purity of sodium chlorite) of the actual sodium chlorite used in the sodium chlorite powder in the granules is 0.8. Thus, for example, for Example 2, the number of milligrams of oxygen-chlorine anion per gram of gel is calculated as: ((0.143 gxO.07x0.74x0.8)xl000) / 30 grams of final sample. The final formulations of the examples are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Table 2 Component Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sodium Polyacrylate 1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 NaCl 1 1 1 0 Polyethylene oxide 2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Deionized water 26 25.9 25.6 25.6 S-Tab2 granules (- 40 mesh) 0 0.143 0.357 1.43 Magnesium chlorite per gram of gel Max 0 0.2 0.5 2.0 1- LUQUASORB 1010, BASF Corp 2- POLYOX WSR N3000, Dow Chemical Corp. 141702.doc -36- 201113042

Each of the prepared samples was tested according to USP <87>. The method involves the use of an agar diffusion test to determine the bioreactivity of a mammalian cell culture after contact with a localized clotting product. The cell for this test is a [929 beetle animal (1), mouse) fibroblast cultured in serum supplemented with MEM (Minimum Essential Medium). A cell monolayer with a confluence of more than 80% is under it, in the wet The incubator is allowed to grow for at least 24 hours' and is then covered with agar. The lipid layer acts as a "buffer" that protects the cells from mechanical damage while allowing the leachable chemicals to diffuse from the test sample. Apply the material to be tested to a piece of filter paper and place it on agar. Specifically, a paper disk is immersed in sterile saline to saturate the paper. The amount of brine absorbed was determined (weigh the paper ingots before and after wetting). Some test samples were applied to the surface of the conditioning paper. Keep the sample aliquoted within the boundaries of the paper spindle but not on the entire paper spindle. The paper ingot with the sample aliquot was again weighed to assess the amount of sample on the ingot. The paper is then placed on top of the slow-fat coating. The signs of cytotoxicity of the cultures were periodically assessed over time and were ranked according to a scale as outlined in Table 4 (symptoms of no cytotoxicity) to 4 (severe cytotoxicity). If tested for 48 彳, afterwards, none of the cell cultures exposed to the sample exhibited greater than mild cells.

LSI 141702.doc •37· 201113042 Toxicity (Level 2), the sample is considered to meet the test requirements. Samples exhibiting 3 or 4 reactivity during 48 hours were considered to be cytotoxic. Table 4 Description of Grade Reactive Reactivity Zones 0 No detectable area around or below the sample 1 Some malformed or degraded cells below the slight sample. 2 Mildly limited to the area under the sample area 3 Moderate area extends beyond the sample 0.5 to 1.0 cm 4 The severe region extends over 1.0 cm above the sample. In this experimental example, the test volume for each of the prepared examples was about 0.1 cc. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5 Sample No. Gel Type Magnesium sulfite maximal test result per gram of gel 1 S 0 Qualified 2 0.2 Qualified 3 0.5 Unqualified 4 2.0 Unqualified 5 C 0 Qualified 6 0.2 Qualified 7 0.5 Unqualified 8 2.0 No Qualified Positive Controls Unqualified Negative Controls Qualified samples 1, 2, 5, and 6 met the USP in vitro bioreactivity criteria, indicating biocompatibility. Samples 3, 4, 7 and 8 did not meet the requirements of the USP in vitro bioassay. Thus, in this experiment, the maximum concentration of chlorite anion greater than about 0.2 mg of the sulphonate anion per gram of gel produced a cytotoxic effect. These data indicate that cytotoxicity is associated with the presence of certain other components of the dioxide gas, oxy-aerobic anion or S-TAB2 particles in a dose dependent manner. 141702.doc -38- 201113042 Experimental Example 2: Cytotoxicity assay To confirm that cytotoxicity is induced by oxy-chlorine anions rather than other potentially toxic components, the following experiment was performed. A series of samples were prepared to test the effects of various ingredients or conditions in inducing cytotoxicity. ASEPTROL S-TablO tablets were used to prepare certain samples in this experiment. The chemical composition of the tablet is shown in Table 6. ASEPTROL S-TablO tablets are prepared substantially as described in Example 5 of U.S. Patent No. 6,432,322. Table 6 Component % (wt/wt) Sodium chlorite 26% Sodium dichloroisocyanurate 7% Sodium hydrogen sulphate 26% Sodium chloride 20% Magnesium chloride 21% All samples contain NaCMC as the thickener component . Samples 9, 16, and 17 were prepared using a 40-mesh portion of the pellet prepared from the ASEPTROL S-Tab 10 tablet. Samples 10, 19 and 20 were prepared using the ingredients of the ASEPTROL S-TablO tablet in a non-granulated form. Specifically, the five components were dried, dried and mixed to form a powder having the composition shown in Table 5; the powder was not compacted and granulated. Thus, Samples 9 and 10 have the same chemical composition but are made of solid components in different physical forms. Similarly, Samples 16 and 19 have the same composition as Samples 17 and 20, and Samples 17 and 20 have the same chemical composition. Samples 11-14 were prepared using a powder having a subset of the ingredients in the ASEPTROL tablet, with one or more of the ingredients being replaced (see the second row of Table 7 for details). Sample 15 contained substantially pure C102. Sample 18 contained only 141702.doc -39· 201113042 containing NaCMC. Samples 9-14 and 16-20 were prepared as described in Experimental Examples. Briefly, samples were prepared by combining a solid portion (e.g., ASEpTR® L particles) with a matrix gel shortly before use. The matrix gel is NaCMC that is allowed to hydrate. After the solid portion was added to the matrix gel, the sample was mixed with a stainless steel or plastic spatula for 30 seconds, capped and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. The sample was then mixed a second time for 3 seconds to homogenize the sample. The prepared sample was tightly capped until the test time ^protected sodium sulfite particles and other solid mixture containing sodium sulfite, and the prepared sample was not irradiated with strong ultraviolet light to limit ultraviolet light-induced decomposition. . The test was started no more than 2 hours after the preparation of the sample. Sample 15 was prepared using a hydrated NaCMC matrix gel and a substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution prepared on the same day that the sample was prepared and the test was started. 〇.75 g of carboxymethylcellulose nanopowder (Sigma-Aldrich, 700,00 mol weight (typical)) was added to 19 2 g of deionized water, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight in a canned jar, and The matrix gel was prepared by mixing to homogenize the matrix 'gel. Substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution was prepared as follows: I2 ASEPTROL S-TablO linkages (1.5 g each) were placed in 1 liter of drinking tap water to produce a deep yellow source of >1000 ppm chlorine dioxide> . Air is bubbled through the bottom of the source solution at a rate of about 1 liter per minute to strip the chlorine dioxide from the source solution into the air. The resulting air filled with oxidizing gas was then bubbled through the bottom of 1 liter of deionized water to form a solution of pure oxidizing gas. Only Cl〇2 and possibly some water vapor are transferred from the source solution to the product solution. All salt components remain in the source solution. As a result, the product solution 141702.doc •40-201113042 is a substantially pure solution of C102. When the yellow color of the source solution almost disappeared, the bubbling was completed. The concentration of chlorine dioxide in a sample of substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution was analyzed using a Hach 2010 UV/Vis spectrophotometer; the substantially pure solution was found to contain 700 ppm chlorine dioxide by weight. Ten grams of 700 ppm pure dioxane solution was added to the matrix gel and mixed to produce a gel containing about 233 ppm chlorine dioxide and substantially oxy-chlorine anion. As described above, the component containing NaC102 and the prepared sample were protected from intense light to limit the ultraviolet light-induced decomposition. It also protects all anhydrous solids from exposure to water (eg ambient humidity). Test specimens were tested as described in Experimental Example 1, except that Samples 1 7 and 20 were tested at a dose of 0.04 cc instead of a dose of 0.1 cc. The test was started no more than 2 hours after the preparation of the sample. The results are shown in Table 7. Table 7 Sample No. The maximum value of chlorous acid per gram of final gel USP <87> Results 9 Prepared with ASEPTROL S-TablO particles 0.5 Unsatisfied 10 Prepared with non-granulated components of ASEPTROL S-TablO 0.5 Unqualified 11 NaDCCA replaced by cyanuric acid 0.5 Unqualified 12 NaC102 Qualified by NaCl replacement 0 13 Removal of NaDCCA 0.5 Unqualified 14 NaC102 is replaced by NaCl, and NaDCCA is replaced by cyanuric acid. 0 Qualified 15 Pure C102 (no other salt) is prepared 0.5 Qualified 16 Sample prepared with 3 times water 9 0.17 Unqualified 17 Sample 9, 0.04 cc dose on paper ingot 0.5 Failed 18 No NaCIC of particles, salt or C102 0 Qualified 19 Sample 10 prepared with 3 times water 0.17 Unqualified 20 Sample 10, 0.04 cc dose on paper key 0.5 Unqualified positive control 0 Unqualified negative control 0 Qualified 141702.doc -41 - 201113042 Samples 9-11, 13, 16, 17, 19 and 20 failed to meet the in vitro bioreactivity of usp. So 'simulated U S P < 8 7 > The dissolution test did not change the results (compare samples 1 and 19, and samples 9 and 16). The dose reduction did not change the results (compare samples 9 and 17, and sample 1) 20). These data indicate that the dose used in the test or the use of a gel with 3 times water did not play a role in the observed cytotoxicity. 5 The results of Forms 9 and 10 indicate that the physical form of the ASEPTROL component does not significantly affect cytotoxicity. The results of samples i i and 13 indicate that the presence of the gas generant NaDCC A does not significantly affect cytotoxicity. This result at least indicates that the observed cytotoxicity is not produced by gas. Samples 12, 14, 15 and 18 met the USP in vitro bioreactivity standard and indicated biocompatibility. These data indicate that cytotoxicity is not caused by a separate gelling agent (sample 18). The observation that the sample containing pure ci〇2 and no other salt 15 did not cause a cytopathic effect indicates that the gas itself is not the cause of the cytotoxicity observed in the sample containing the ASEPTROL S-Tabl(R) particles. The common feature of Samples 12, 14, 15 and 18 was that none of them contained a chlorite anion. Therefore, none of the samples 12, 14 and 18 contained an oxygen-chlorine anion. Due to the decomposition of Cl?2, sample 15 containing a pure port may contain some oxygen-gas anions which are formally possible, however this amount is insignificant. The result of this honey's inference is that the oxygen-gas anion is the cause of the cytotoxicity observed in these experiments. Experimental Example 3: Cytotoxicity analysis 141702.doc • 42- 201113042 The data in Experimental Example 1 indicates that the cytotoxicity of the oxygen-chlorine anion is dose-dependent. Specifically, no cytotoxicity was observed in the gel with the highest 〇·2 „ chlorite anion/gram gel, but observed in a gel with a maximum of 〇.5 ^^ chlorite anion per gram. To cytotoxicity. This test was designed to use a sodium chlorite solution to further examine the cytotoxicity of the sulphonate anion' which allows for a more accurate estimation of the chlorite anion concentration in the thickened fluid composition tested. Cytotoxicity of a peroxide-based tooth whitening product containing commercially available merchandise containing i〇% hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent. Preparation of a sample by combining an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite with a matrix gel shortly before use. 22-24. Therefore, none of the samples 22-25 contained sulfur dioxide. These samples also did not contain an acid source or a source of free halogen. By mixing the aqueous sodium sulfite solution with the matrix gel for 30 seconds, Samples 22-24 were prepared by capping the samples and allowing them to stand for 5 minutes at room temperature for a further 30 seconds. Similarly, sample 25 was prepared using water instead of sodium chlorite solution. Sample 22- None of the 25 contains an acid source or Free halogen source. Sample 26 is a commercially available (OTC) product which is a knee containing 10% hydrogen peroxide, and the gel material is used in the form provided on the crucible wrapping strip. Use by making ASEPTROL S-TablO The tablet was prepared by reacting the tablet with a substantially pure chlorine dioxide solution prepared in water. Specifically, a 1.5 mg tablet was reacted in 200 ml of HA. No ventilation was achieved in the resulting chlorine dioxide solution. For example, using Hach 2010 The concentration of chlorine dioxide in the /liquid solution was estimated to be about 733 ppm by the iiv-vis spectrophotometer. Therefore, after diluting 1 part of the solution with 2 parts of gel, the sample 21 had about 244 ppm C102. 141702.doc • 43· 201113042 The cytotoxicity results are shown in Table 8. Table 8 Sample number gel per gel magnesium perchlorate USP <87> Result 21 CMC 0 (made with approximately 7 〇 0 ppm C102 solution) Qualified 22 0.04 Qualified 23 1.0 Qualified 24 2.0 Unqualified 25 0 Qualified 26 Unknown OTC product with 10% hydrogen peroxide is unqualified The results of the control of the non-conforming negative control qualified samples 22-24 indicate that the sulphonate anion at a high concentration is cytotoxic to human cells, thereby confirming the conclusion of Experimental Example 2. The results of Sample 21 indicate that a substantially pure chlorine dioxide concentration thickened fluid composition can be prepared using a substantially pure gas dioxide solution prepared using an ASEPTROL S-TablO tablet. This data also shows that 1 〇% H2〇2 is cytotoxic to mammalian cells (sample 26). In fact, the reactive region extends more than 1 cm above the gel sample, indicating severe cytotoxicity. Experimental Example 4: Other Cytotoxicity Study To further examine the relationship between cytotoxicity and the concentration of oxygen-chlorine anion in the thickened fluid composition, the following experiment was performed. Samples 27-31 were prepared by combining an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite (10 ml) with 20 g of a base gel (hydrated high viscosity NaCMC) shortly before use. NaCMC is a USP grade CMC (Material No. CA194) available from Spectrum Chemical; a 1% aqueous solution has a viscosity of about 1500-3000 cp. The matrix gel was prepared using 0.85 g of NaCMC per 30 g of the final composition to achieve the rheological ability equivalent to the rheology of the CMC obtained from Sigma Aldrich. None of the samples 27-30 contained sulfur dioxide. Sample 27 was prepared similarly but using water instead of sodium sulfite solution. Samples 26-30 were prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite (or water) with a matrix gel until homogeneous. A sample 3 1 having the same relative composition as that of Sample 6 and about 40 ppm of chlorine dioxide was prepared using a two-syringe mixing method. One syringe contained -40 mesh ASEPTROL S-Tab2 particles (p. 048 g). The second syringe contained a matrix gel (10 grams). The contents of the two syringes were combined as follows. The syringe containing the particles holds the end up. Remove the outlet plug and connect the nylon connector. Connect the other end of the nylon connector to the outlet of the syringe containing the matrix gel. The plunger of the gel syringe is slowly depressed and the gel is discharged into the granules. The gel and granule mixture is then allowed to rest for 5 minutes to activate the granules to form chlorine dioxide; during this time, the syringe remains attached. After 5 minutes, the syringe plunger was alternately depressed at a rapid rate to reciprocate the mixture between the two syringe barrels at least 15 times, or until the sample color was uniform. The gel is then ready for USP <87> agar diffusion test. The results of the cytotoxicity test are shown in Table 9. Table 9 Sample No. Gel Magnesium Chlorite per gel USP <87> Result 27 CMC 0 Qualified 28 0.1 Qualified 29 0.2 Unsatisfied 30 0.4 Unsatisfied 31 0.2* Qualified positive control failed Negative control qualified * Maximum possible amount of chlorite anion; as in Experimental Example 1 Description Calculation 141702.doc -45- 201113042 This data further supports the discovery that nitrous acid anions are cytotoxic to human cells in a dose-dependent manner. Sample 29 containing 0.2 mg of chlorite per gram of final composition failed the test, and a sample of 28 gram of chlorite anion per gram was qualified. This indicates that a gas dioxide composition having less than 0.2 mg of chlorite anion per gram of composition is non-cytotoxic to human cells. This result also supports the expectation that the chlorite anion present in the gel made of ASEpTR 〇 L particles or powder is consumed in the production of chlorine dioxide. In particular, it has been found that a gel prepared using ASEpTR® L particles or powder and having a maximum possible amount of chlorite anion per gram of final composition is non-cytotoxic. Therefore, the apparent concentration of the sulphonate anion in these gels is estimated to be less than 〇 2 mg chlorite per gram. Experimental Example 5: Teeth Whitening The tooth whitening effect of a CMC gel containing a oxidizing gas was evaluated in the following tests. The composition of the gel was substantially the same as the composition of Sample 6 in Table 3, with a maximum possible argonate anion concentration of about 0.2 mg/g final gel composition and about 40 PPm Cl 〇2. Experimental example! The results in this reveal that the composition is substantially non-cytotoxic. The materials and methods used in this experiment are now described. Color Rating: Two methods for assessing tooth color: U by visual inspection of viu traditional colorimetric plates; and 2) Spectrophotometry. Digital imaging and digital image analysis are also performed to measure the color of the tooth image. Visual assessment by Vita conventional colorimetric panels: initial baseline hue and subsequent hue changes were assessed by direct comparison to a standard Vha colorimetric plate. Vita ratio 141702.doc -46- 201113042 Swatches are arranged in the following order (as recommended by the manufacturer) for value evaluation: B1^A1*B2*D2*A2*C1^C2*D4*A3*D3*B3*A3 .5WC3*A4 , whose "1 is the brightest and the darkest. Two investigators determined the closest color match by visually measuring individual teeth against a standardized black background under controlled, standardized light conditions. In the selected whitening experiment, handheld LED lighting was used at a distance from the test sample to normalize the background light conditions. Between the operators, the degree of color selection is greater than 80%. The color tone is not selected. _ No more than 1 tone value unit (10) value unit, SVU) ° Spectrophotometry: Clinical spectrophotometer Vha EasyShade8 ('dent , Brea, CA) is used to obtain electronic and quantitative data on tone measurement and specific color measurement parameters based on the ciELAB L*a*b* color space. In this 3d color space system, the "L" is the brightness of the object (range from black to white) and is the only color dimension that can exist alone; "a" is the red or green width, and "b" It is a measure of yellow or blue. The device uses a D65 source with a 65 degree color temperature (in Kelvin). At the end of any whitening treatment, Δ[, △ & and Ab values were measured and recorded. Digital image. Digital image of the tooth was taken using an SLR digital camera/microscope (Olympus DPII digital camera/microscope with 〇ptjva zoom 1〇〇 lens attachment). All images are set with standard manual input settings to obtain an approximate fixed illumination of the beta flasher configured to provide optimal, standardized imaging conditions. The sample is repeatedly angled or oriented in a fixed position to ensure reproducible image alignment. Naturally contaminated teeth: with D4 or lower (ie D4 to C4) intrinsic 141702.doc -47· 201113042 Internally contaminated human teeth are used as naturally contaminated teeth. The teeth were cut open and then prepared as described below. Tea-contaminated teeth: Artificial teeth containing tea-based artificial dyes having a tonal value greater than D4 (i.e., 81 to 〇2) are subjected to the following. After the teeth are cut, the exposed dent surface is polished with carbonized paper. The dentate surface was then etched with a 37% phosphoric acid gel for 2 〇 25 seconds, rinsed with water for 3 sec seconds, and blotted dry to wet densit conditions. The teeth are then subjected to a continuous contamination cycle (by immersion in concentrated tea liquor dyes) until the stain strength (stain intensit illusion does not appear to change under visual inspection (usually in the C4_A42 vita tonal range). And naturally contaminated teeth for treatment. The exposed tooth surface of the teeth is coated with three separate layers of transparent finger oil; each coating is dried for at least one hour after application of the next coating. The teeth were placed in tap water for at least 24 hours. The baseline segmental tones were assessed by qualitative and quantitative color assessment prior to the start of treatment. The teeth were mounted in a near-central position on a glass microscope slide. During processing and during processing Between the teeth, the teeth are stored in a plastic bag at 100% humidity. During the whitening test, the teeth are removed from the plastic bag and thoroughly rinsed to remove the treatment or the right, the day, the whitening agent, and then qualitative And quantitative color assessment. Non-cytotoxic Cl〇2 gel: The non-cytotoxic Cl〇2 aqueous coagulation tested was prepared essentially as described for sample 6. Glue material. Briefly, 30 grams of aqueous gel matrix was prepared by adding 0.85 grams of high viscosity sodium carboxymethylcellulose powder to 2915 grams of distilled water. The mixture was allowed to hydrate for at least about 8 hours' followed by mixing Homogenize the matrix gel. Add about 143,130 grams of ASEpTR〇L S-Tab2 particles (-40 mesh) to about 141702.doc -48- 201113042 30 grams of aqueous NaCMC matrix gel in the container and slowly mix 3 Leap seconds. The container is then tightly capped and the mixture allowed to stand at room temperature for about 5 minutes. It is then briefly remixed and then the Cl〇2 gel is ready for use. The concentration of most components of the final gel can be Calculated from mass balance or measured. The components are summarized in Table 10. The remaining components are: about 40 PPm Cl〇2 by pH 7 titration and less than about 110 paws unreacted sulphonate anion (C102) Table 10 Chemicals NaCMC Water Na+ Mg+2 Cl-S04_2 = Polycyanate concentration, wt% 2.8% 96.7% 0.10% 0.048% 0.26% 0.047% 0.002% The prepared Cl〇2 gel is transparent to translucent Light yellow viscous pseudoplastic fluid. It is sufficient The shape is maintained when applied to the teeth in the form of a 1-2 mm layer, but low enough to wipe the yield point substantially removed from the tooth surface and the soft tissue of the mouth. The gel is soluble in additional water and can be irrigated via irrigation And removed from the mouth. Although α〇2 is unstable and slowly decomposes over time, under proper storage conditions (maintained in a closed container, tightly capped or sealed, and minimally exposed to ultraviolet radiation) The concentration loss in hours is less than 20%. Treatment: After mixing, the Cl〇2 gel is drawn into a 60 ml plastic syringe. A 60 ml syringe is used to hold the gel during the assay and is used to dispense the gel into a 10 ml plastic syringe. The gel in the 1 〇 ml syringe was then applied directly to the enamel surface as follows. At time zero, about i to 1.5 ml of gel is applied to each segment of the glass microscope slide. 141702.doc -49- 201113042 The thickness of the gel layer obtained is about 1.5 to 3.0 111111 deep. After the gel was applied to the segment, the glass slide was placed in a 15 mm x 8 mm plastic Ziplock® bag (sc Johnson Co" Racine, WI) containing a small strip of wet tissue in the bag to maintain the bag. 1〇〇c/. Humidity. Position the paper towel strip to remove any contact between the plastic bag and the tooth and gel surface. After the test interval (usually 15 minutes), remove the glass slide from the plastic bag and The soft toothbrush and the slightly flowing tap water flow carefully remove the gel. The color and color of the segments on the slide are then analyzed, and the glass slides are periodically maintained in a plastic bag at 1% humidity during this period. Avoid improper bridging caused by dehydration. Repeat the gel application procedure as designed until the end of the experiment. Store the tested segments on a glass microscope slide at 100% humidity for later reference. Human teeth stained with tea contaminated with C102 gel for a total of 1 hour (4-15 minutes of continuous treatment). A single batch of α〇2 gel was treated continuously with:: etc. For comparison, other teas were contaminated Teeth with 10% hydrogen commercially available whitening product treatment. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the OTC product treatment consists of 30 minutes of treatment. At the end of the treatment, the residual 0TC product left on the teeth after taking out the strip uses a soft toothbrush and a slight flow. The water flow is removed from the teeth. For multi-day treatments using OTC products (eg 7, 1 and 1 day), usually a 3 minute treatment occurs in the morning and a second 30 minute treatment occurs in the evening. Baseline and C1〇2 gel treatment 4><Vita tone values after 15 minutes (60 minutes total) are listed in Tables and Tables. One of the six tea-contaminated teeth and one of the six naturally contaminated teeth each achieved B1 due to gel treatment with 141702.doc •50·201113042. Table 11 Tooth samples contaminated with tea leaves Baseline toned color tone SVU Γ1 A4 C1 9n 12 T3 C2 C4 — B1 6.0 A3 _ 7.0 T4 A3 ~~ A2 Q Λ T5 D3 A2 VU T6 5.0 A4 D2 11.0 Table 12 Table of naturally contaminated teeth Base tone toned color tone SVTT Nl A3-D3 D2-A2 > 4 η N2 - A3.5-B4 B2 L ^ HU > 9.0 XT/t A3 B2-A1 > 6.0 JN4 N5 A3 A3 B2-A1 R1 &gt ;6.0 N6 B4 A2 8.0 8.0 As shown in Figure 1, the non-cytotoxic gel containing cl〇2 treated the tea-contaminated teeth (n=6) for 30 minutes (2x15 minutes), the total color change was greatly reduced 5 tone value units _Vita (svu). For naturally contaminated teeth (n=6), the total tonal variation exceeds 6 svu. After 45 minutes of treatment (3 x 15 minutes), the total color change of the 'naturally contaminated teeth' was about 7 svu. Treating tea contaminated teeth with ASEPTROL gel for 1 hour (4> After <15 minutes), the average total color tone change was 7.83 SVU. The total color change of the naturally contaminated teeth treated with non-cytotoxic ci〇2 suspected gel is about the same. The non-cytotoxic gel containing Cl〇2 showed significant 7C white naturally contaminated teeth after 5 minutes of treatment, and the whitening continued as the treatment continued. In contrast, treatment of naturally contaminated teeth with a 〇TC composition containing 1% hydrogen peroxide exhibited a much lower degree of whiteness. After the first 3 minutes of treatment, 141702.doc -51 · 201113042 observed moderate improvement (1 SVU) and there was no statistically significant change after the second 30 minute treatment. Followed by the 0TC product manufacturer's recommended 7-day, 2, 30-minute treatment (total processing time of 7 hours) caused significant improvement (total color change was 4.9 SVU); however, continuous treatment with Cl〇2 composition for 4 to 5 minutes (total After the treatment time was i hours), the improvement of tooth whitening was significantly less. Treated with OTC products for 10 days (2 per day) <3 minutes; total processing time was 1 hour) A total color change of 6.1 SVU was obtained. It is necessary to treat the oTC composition containing 1% hydrogen peroxide for 14 days (total treatment time is 14 hours) to produce a comparable overall color change that can be achieved with the non-cytotoxic C1〇2 gel in one hour of treatment. The total color change. Thus, a gel containing C1〇2 provides a greater degree of brightness over a significantly shorter period of time than a hydrogen peroxide-based composition. In addition, the gel formulation containing Cl〇2 was non-cytotoxic, while the 10% hydrogen peroxide formulation was cytotoxic (see Experimental Example 3). Treat a total of gels containing C1 〇2! The average AL value of teeth contaminated with tea in hours is 9.3; the value of 6 samples ranges from 〇 8 to 22AL units. The average AL value of teeth treated with a gel containing Cl〇2 for a total of i hours was 8_〇7. The average brightness change of the teeth treated with a 〇TC composition containing 1% by weight of hydrogen peroxide for a total of 7 hours was 6.32 AL units. Therefore, non-cytotoxic gels containing cl〇2 are extremely effective in bleaching tea-contaminated teeth and naturally contaminated teeth. Significant brightening improvements were detected after the first 15 minutes of treatment. The degree of whitening achieved after treating only 15 knives with a gel containing Cl〇2 requires an OTC whitening product containing 10% hydrogen peroxide per day 2) <3 minutes to 7 days to achieve. The degree of whitening achieved after four minutes of treatment with a gel containing ci〇2 was achieved by treating 141702.doc •52·201113042 containing 10% hydrogen peroxide in a TC composition for 1 day or more. Experimental Example 6: Efficacy of a gel containing C丨ο: with respect to 36% hydrogen peroxide. This K is further compared to a non-cytotoxic containing cl. 〗 The gel and the professional treatment chair with 36% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel teeth whitening effect. This is the highest concentration of hydrogen peroxide currently used in professional chairside products. A gel containing 〇1〇2 was prepared as described in Example 5 and the treatment procedure was the same as in Example 5. The results are summarized in Figure 2. After 45 minutes of treatment, the non-cytotoxic gel containing Cl〇2 (about 40 ppm ο%) has a whitening effect close to that of a professional gel. As is well known in the art, gels containing 36% nitric oxide are highly irritating to soft tissues in the mouth. Therefore, achieving comparable tooth whitening efficacy without the presence of soft tissue irritation is highly desirable and not possible with prior art products. There are special dental whitening products used by dental professionals in the market. Like commercial products, 'professional products are based on peroxides. Efficacy data for these products is available in the literature (see, for example, ^{^心Denti_, , 4·322 327). The literature values indicate that your Baiqi J gp non-cell 的 gel containing ci〇2 is much closer to the efficacy of many peroxide-based specialty products, and in some cases may exceed The efficacy of specialty products based on peroxides. Experimental Example 7 · Microhardness of tannin and dentin It is known that hydrogen peroxide adversely affects hard tissues of teeth. The sensitivity of teeth is the main cause of professional tooth whitening products. The effect of sputum from the sag of the sputum and the origin of the sputum induced by the high concentration of peroxide and the morphological changes of the Cao M. Many professional products push 141702.doc •53· 201113042 It is recommended to use fluoride fluoride to remineralize teeth and use potassium nitrate to reduce tooth sensitivity. To characterize the effect of a non-cytotoxic gel containing Cl〇2 on the J-grain and the dentin, the microhardness and roughness of the bead and dentin were assessed before and after contact with the chlorine dioxide-containing gel. The composition of the gel containing Cl〇2 was the same as that of Experiment 5. For the tannin and dentine experiments using a gel containing Cl〇2 and a commercial product (〇TC) containing 10% H2〇2, the total treatment time was 7 hours, consisting of 14χ3〇 minutes. The batch contains a gel of cl〇2 and is used in this test. The gel batch containing Cl〇2 was used for no more than 2 hours. The 7-hour total processing time is the same as the recommended processing time for OTC products. However, this total: time greatly exceeds the time required for non-cytotoxic chlorine dioxide compositions to achieve tooth whitening comparable to 0TC or professional peroxide-based products γ see examples 5 and 6) ^ for inclusion 36 In the case of professional tooth whitening gels of % hydrogen peroxide, 'contact is limited to - hour. The dental samples were stored in tap water before, during and after treatment. The CSM dynamic microhardness tester was used to evaluate the microhardness of the micro-hardness of the β-type five-method enamel sample and the enamel sample. - The sample serves as its own control (pre-treatment and post-treatment Ρ For the chain enamel hardness, each measurement is performed ten times before and after treatment. Thus, there are 50 treatments 1 and 50 After the treatment, the measured value is 丄m. For the hardness of the tooth, each sample is measured before and after the treatment, and 25 pre-processed values and 25 post-processed measured values are obtained. The Vickers (Vick) value is used to calculate the difference. The statistical analysis consists of ANOVA (single 141702.doc • 54. 201113042) using ϋ.5α level. The results of tannin hardness (in Vickers hardness) are shown in Table 13. Table 13 Statistical significance of P values after pretreatment of the composition (p <0.05) C102-gel 498.89 ±70.64 507.40 ± 69.92 0.5090 No OTC product 711.57 ± 114.56 722.84 ± 14L85 0.8474 No 36% H2〇2 538.56 ± 109.30 455.72 ±36.62 0.000768 is a gel containing C102 or 10% H202 A statistically significant change in the hardness of the tannin was not induced. In contrast, specialty products induced a statistically significant decrease in tannin hardness (> 15°/. reduction). Therefore, the non-cytotoxic gel containing C102 is equivalent to the effect of the professional peroxide gel-inducing effect, whitening the teeth, but does not adversely affect the hardness of the tannin. The results of the microhardness of the dentin (based on the Vickers hardness value) are shown in Table 14. Table 14 Composition before treatment P value after treatment Statistical significance (ρ <0·05) C102-gel 94.96 ±9.63 87.65 ±6.69 0.0031 is OTC product 98.35 ± 15.14 88.71 ±6.02 0.0118 is 36% H2〇2 101.50±21.48 83.45 ± 11.97 0.002212 is about the microhardness of the tooth, containing cio2 The gel induced a small (7.7%) reduction in microhardness of the dentin, which was statistically significant. Commercially available (OTC) products (10% peroxide) showed a similarly small (9.8%) decrease in the microhardness of the dentin, which was also statistically significant. Notably, the professional gel induced a surprising (about 18%) reduction in tooth quality after only one hour of total contact time. Thus, a non-cytotoxic composition comprising a quantity of dioxide effective for the whitening of teeth does not have a statistically significant effect on the microhardness of tannins and 141702.doc -55-201113042 has only a minor effect on the microhardness of the dentin. . The effect of microhard sound on the dentine is comparable to that induced by commercially available tooth whitening products. Experimental Example 8: Surface roughness of tannins and dentins It has been shown that an increase in roughness leads to an increase in surface area, which causes a rebound of whitening teeth. To study the effect of non-cytotoxic chlorine dioxide-containing compositions on surface roughness, the Surftest 1700 surface rim was used to determine the surface roughness of the enamel and dentate before and after treatment with various whitening compositions. ^ Test four bead samples and four tooth samples. Each sample is filled with its own control. Each sample was subjected to 12 measurements before treatment and each sample was subjected to 12 measurements after treatment. The contact time of the gel containing C1〇2 was 2.5 hours in total, and it consisted of 4-15 minutes of treatment and 3_3 minutes of treatment. The gel containing Cl 2 was then treated for 3 minutes until a total treatment time of 7 hours was reached. Samples were stored in tap water before, during, and after treatment. Non-cylindrical chlorine dioxide-containing compositions were used in the same set as in Experimental Example 8. The same thing. Commercially available (0TC) whitening products containing hydrogen peroxide were also tested in 14_3 minute continuous processing. Also tested to contain Na peroxide. ^ Professional tooth whitening gel. For professional teeth whitening gel and * hot one ί ΐ 钱 money limit / . Statistical analysis was performed by using AN 〇 Va (single factor) of 0.05 α level: surface characterization data of cytotoxic chlorine dioxide composition and c T c α σ containing 1 〇 % of chlorine peroxide are shown in Table 15. 141702.doc •56_ 201113042 Table 15 Ra value ANOVA Ρ value treatment month 2.5 2.5 hours after treatment, 2.5 hours, 7 hours, 7 hours, enamel OTC 0.037692 ± 0.00914 N/D 0.048742 ±0.0157 N/D 0.04674* Cl〇2 0.024975 ± 0.002445 0.021508 ± 0.000888 0.02295 0.000666 0.005799* 0.048636* Tooth quality OTC 0.032053 ± 0.007332 N/D 0.051742 ±0.00882 N/D 0.0000053* Cl〇2 0.03998 ± 0.005542 0.03775 ± 0.00466 0.044608 Soil 0.00392 0.296884 0.027545* N/D=Not determined. * The statistically significant average surface roughness Ra of the chain enamel was about 0.025 before treatment with the non-cytotoxic ceria composition and 0.021 after 2.5 hours of treatment, and about 0.023 after 7 hours of treatment. Therefore, the inverse effect of the gel containing C102 on the average surface roughness of the tannin was not detected, even regardless of the duration of long-term exposure. In fact, in this experiment, after treatment for 2.5 hours with a gel containing C102, the average surface roughness of the tannin was virtually smoother by about 13-14%, indicating an unexpected accident in the absence of abrasive. Tantalum polishing effect. Furthermore, the effect on the average surface roughness of the tooth after 2.5 hours of treatment was not statistically significant. After 7 hours of treatment, the average tooth surface roughness increased by only about 8°/. . As previously mentioned, the 7 hour treatment exceeded the time required for this composition to achieve tooth whitening comparable to OTC or professional peroxide based products (see Examples 5 and 6). Thus, the non-cytotoxic chlorine dioxide composition produces a whitening of teeth equivalent to OTC or specialty products without substantial damage to the enamel or coarse greenness of the dentate surface. In contrast, after the recommended 7-hour contact time, the OTC product 141702.doc -57-201113042 Wang Ai CL. _ ratio-, shows that the surface roughness of the enamel increases by more than about 29 〇 / 0. 7 hours: The tooth surface roughness increased by more than 6〇%. Handling only hrs ^ The professional peroxide product with 36/° hydrogen peroxide increases the surface roughness of both tannins and dents by approximately 203%. Regarding the effect on the bead enamel, very little surface morphology was observed in the non-cytotoxic gel containing c〇2 for 7 hours (Fig. 3B) compared to the untreated control teeth (Fig. 3a). Signs of change. In fact, fine processing to the mark (the result of tooth sample preparation) is still evident. In contrast, a sample treated with a 36% peroxide gel for one hour (Fig. 3c) showed a considerable area of enamel change and possibly corrosion. As shown in Figure 4A, the dentate surface morphology of the control (untreated) teeth has some of the dentate tubules exposed or shown, and the other dentate tubules are covered by a smear layer. Some smear plugs (81^^ plug) are clearly inside the exposed tubules. Contains ίο/ compared to the untreated control dentate surface. The surface of a representative sample of the H2® 2 OTC product treatment (Fig. 4B) shows a larger number of exposed dentinal tubules. The exposed tubules appear to be somewhat enlarged compared to the control surface, and many tubules appear open in the absence of a closed applicator plug. Representative tooth samples treated with a non-cytotoxic gel containing Cl〇2 (Fig. 4C) had a greater number of dentition tubules exposed or displayed compared to the control surface; however, the sample was treated with 〇TC Compared with the small tube, the number is smaller and the size is smaller. The exposed tubules are in the form of narrower "slits" with limited openings; some of the dentinal tubules are covered by a clear smear; some of the smear plugs are clearly within the exposed tubules. Therefore, the surface of the tooth treated with a non-cytotoxic gel containing Cl〇2 is further connected to H1702.doc -58- 201113042. Similar to the surface of the control tooth, although it is not desired to be bound by theory, but salty (tetra) (iv) hydrogen peroxide gel The changes in the tooth surface that are induced, and thus expected to be seen in higher concentration specialty products, may at least partially form the basis of common dental sensitivity problems in commercial products and specialty peroxide whitening products. Experimental Example 9: Clinical Trial The purpose of this human individual feasibility study was to evaluate the edge of the chair, the hour (4) independent 15 minutes of treatment, and the application within the clinic contained about 4. The efficacy of a non-cytotoxic tooth whitening composition of ppm dioxide and high viscosity (tetra)methylcellulose as a phaseing agent component. The composition comprises no more than about 〇 2 oxy-gas anion per gram of composition. Tonal variations and tooth sensitivity to tooth whiteners and patient response to treatment were assessed. Fifteen individuals participated in the clinical trial. In this exploratory, one-arm, uncontrolled, prospective, case-control study, the individual received a textual tooth whitening agent for 1 hour (4 independent! 5 minutes treatment), treatment within the clinic. All individuals were monitored at baseline, immediately after administration in the clinic, 72 hours after administration, and one week after administration within the clinic. Trained inspectors use vha (vita Zahnfabrik) colorimetric plates and color transparency to monitor color changes. The color plate is an acceptable method of evaluation included in the ADA guidelines. The transparency is used as a color after the recording. Tooth sensitivity was monitored at baseline, immediately after treatment in the clinic, «72 hours after treatment in the clinic, and one week after treatment within the clinic. The individual is selected based on the superior anterior teeth with Vita tones of A3 or darker, as judged by comparison with a value-oriented Vita colorimetric plate. Individuals must be 141702.doc •59· 201113042 must be 18-65 years old with good general health and good dental care and oral hygiene. Patients with ongoing dental caries, periodontal disease, large anterior crown or repair, previously bleached or tetracycline-contaminated teeth were not included in the study. After participating in the study, each patient was examined by a clinician. The baseline Vita hue was determined by two evaluators; the uniform tones of the six tested maxillary anterior teeth and the six control mandibular teeth were recorded by the dentist. Digital color transparency (Ph〇tomed si Pro digital camera _Fuji Body; Sigma Lens; Nikon Flash) was prepared at a magnification of 1:丨. The corresponding viu color bar (3}ι_tab) is included in the photo. An alginate impression of the maxillary arch was made and injected into dental hard plaster. Use the materials and designs recommended by the manufacturer to create a custom whitening tray for each patient. All individuals received prophylaxis and were asked to label the standardization scale to assess baseline sensitivity before starting treatment. Clinical trials have begun and preliminary data have been obtained. The disclosures of each of the patents, patents, and publications cited in the Applicables are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Although the compositions, kits, and methods of use thereof have been disclosed with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other embodiments can be devised without departing from the true spirit and scope of the compositions, kits, and methods of use. Examples and changes. It is intended that the scope of the appended claims be interpreted as including all such embodiments and equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram showing the tooth whitening data of a non-cytotoxic composition containing cl〇2 and a commercially available (OTC) product having muscle 141702.doc 201113042 hydrogen peroxide and total treatment time. Histogram. Cio2 = data for a non-cytotoxic composition containing C102. 〇TC=data for commercial products with 10% hydrogen peroxide; Figure 2 is a diagram showing the non-cytotoxic C102-containing composition compared to a professional whitening gel containing 36% hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent. Figure 3A-3C is a series of representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microphotograph photomicrography images of the enamel surface at 2500X magnification. Figure 3A shows the enamel of untreated teeth. Figure 3B shows the surface of the enamel after treatment with a non-cytotoxic C102 containing composition. Figure 3C is the enamel surface after treatment with a professional whitening gel containing 36% hydrogen peroxide; and Figures 4A-4C are representative SEM photomicrographs of a series of dent surface at 5000x magnification. Figure 4A shows the dentin of an untreated tooth. Figure 4B shows the dentonic surface after treatment with an OTC whitening gel containing 10% hydrogen peroxide. Figure 4C is the dentonic surface after treatment with a non-cytotoxic C102 containing composition. 141702.doc •61 -

Claims (1)

201113042 VII. Scope of Application: 方法 A method of controlling the surface of a tooth, the method comprising contacting the dent surface with an effective polishing composition comprising a non-abrasive polishing agent, wherein the non-abrasive polishing agent comprises chlorine dioxide . 2. The method of claimant, wherein the composition is substantially non-smooth. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polishing composition comprises from about 5 to about 丨 PPm dioxide. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the polishing composition comprises less than about 2 milligrams of oxygen-gas anion per gram of composition. The method of item 1, wherein the polishing composition has a pH of from about 4.5 to about 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the polishing composition is a thickened fluid composition comprising a thickener component. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the thickener component is selected from the group consisting of natural hydrocolloids, semi-synthetic hydrocolloids, synthetic hydrocolloids, and clay. 8. The method of claim </ RTI> wherein contacting the tooth with the composition reduces surface roughness of the tooth surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the surface roughness is reduced by at least about 5 〇/〇 prior to contact of the tooth surface with the koji polishing composition. 10. The method of claim </ RTI> wherein the tooth does not mechanically damage the hard tissue of the tooth upon contact with the composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the tooth does not substantially reduce the microhardness of the enamel when contacted with the composition. 14I702.doc 201113042 12 The method of claim 1, wherein the tooth does not substantially reduce the microhardness of the tooth when contacted with the composition. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the tooth does not cause tooth sensitivity when contacted with the composition. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is substantially non-irritating. 15·If requested! The method wherein contacting the surface of the tooth causes substantial contact of the composition with the soft tissue of the mouth. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is a mouthwash. 17. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein there is no need to protect the gums. A kit for preparing a dental polishing composition, the kit comprising: a first dosing state comprising a particulate precursor comprising a dioxide gas; and a second dispenser comprising a thickener component in an aqueous medium; Indicating a preparation package: a substantially non-cytotoxic composition of a tooth-polished effective amount of a oxidizing gas. The kit of claim 18, wherein at least one of the plurality is a syringe. The dispenser and the second dispenser 2 0. The kit of claim 18, colloidal, semi-synthetic hydrocolloid wherein the thickener component is selected from the group consisting of natural water, synthetic hydrocolloids, and clay. 141702.doc