TW201110984A - Nanoparticle delivery vehicle - Google Patents
Nanoparticle delivery vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201110984A TW201110984A TW098132497A TW98132497A TW201110984A TW 201110984 A TW201110984 A TW 201110984A TW 098132497 A TW098132497 A TW 098132497A TW 98132497 A TW98132497 A TW 98132497A TW 201110984 A TW201110984 A TW 201110984A
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- nanoparticle
- group
- delivery
- paclitaxel
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6551—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a four-membered ring
- C07F9/65512—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a four-membered ring condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
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Description
201110984 、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係於一種奈米粒子傳遞載體,尤係關於一種具有正磷酸二 酯體之奈米粒子傳遞載體。 【先前技術】
目前化療所使用的藥劑中,對癌細胞具選擇性者,其所展現效果 有效。紫杉醇(Paclitaxel或Taxol)是目前最常用的化療藥物之一,可用 以治療乳癌、卵巢癌、肺癌。由於紫杉醇藥物可促使微管蛋白(tubuUn) 組合為微小管(microtubules),因此可藉由此作用機制達成重大效果。 然而紫杉醇之缺點在於缺乏腫瘤專一性及低水溶性。 在改善抗癌藥物的腫瘤專一性及低水溶性方面,per〇等人(美國專 利申請案獅刪晚⑻)揭示,藉由將具細胞毒性之藥物配方為具鱗 ,,趨藥物,由於微也管_酸瞒_______ 别趨樂物具有”專-性,因此較低細胞雜的前趨藥物被轉化為高 細胞|_去魏根化的形式,使得微血管她其他正常組織會被優 似分高疏水性的抗麵_言,僅做單-魏根之修飾 對其親水㈣幫助可能,目此健以其親雜。再者, 針對癌細胞 j絲抗鋪鱗_達癌細触置,因此在活㈣可能無 性 f發明内容】 本發明之目的之-為提供-種奈米粒子傳遞载體,其可增加活性 201110984 成份之親水性及對癌細胞之專一性,並具備奈米粒子之優點,例如生 物相容性、磁性及/或可控制藥物釋放等。 依據本發明之一實施例,一種奈米粒子傳遞載體以下列代表式表 示:
• 其中仰為一奈米粒子;R1為一活性成份;R2係選自由羧基、 鹵素、及1碳至5碳(C1-C5)之燒氧基所組成的群組;X與γ係選係選 自由胺基(NH)、氧及硫所組成的群組;以及乙係選自由氧及硫所組成 的群組。 【實施方式】
本發明提供一種奈米粒子傳遞載體,其以正磷酸二酯體 (phosphodiester)連結奈米粒子與活性成份,形成前趨藥物,以增加活 性成份之親水性及制細胞之專-性,並輯奈錄子之優點^如 生物相容性、磁性、及/或可控㈣物釋放等1下詳細敘述本發明之 奈米粒子傳遞載體之設計。 奈米粒子之選用及修飾: 原則上 本㈣^雜子在物雜f方碰無_。然、而在惡 計奈米粒子__時,可對絲粒子的_參數進行最佳化 由選擇奈綠子大小、雜及健,崎觸望槪。由^ =於生碰中作為活性成份(例如_的傳遞顧,因適 量奈米粒子傳遞載體的生物相容性。 … 在多種作為傳遞載體的奈雜子之中,可選擇具磁性的奈米乘 201110984 其材質舉例而言’包括鐵、録、錄、或前述之氧化物。磁性的奈 ^粒子之伽柯進行檢耻追絲絲子舰紐。其巾氧化鐵奈 米粒子(職oxide nan〇particles,&_)具有的優點包括強磁性以及: 活體中^有低或無毒性。在人賴物的臨床領域中,這些奈米粒子常 被用做藥物、細、及放射核種(radi_dide)之龍。由於形成鐵磁 流體(fe_uid)的性質’因此這些奈米粒子可做為磁共振造影中的顯 影劑,具有便於追縱之優勢。超順磁性(superpammagnetic)的Fe_Np在 外,磁場制之下,可使奈練子被輸送到縫的目標區域,並予以 固定,之後再進行投藥,達到局部作用的效果。
“此外金奈米粒子(gold nanoparticies,如柳8)亦為目前廣泛研究的 藥物傳遞舰之-,由於Au_NP具備娜的大小、表面可調整性能' 及可控制藥物釋放,因此為具潛力的藥物傳遞載體。Wang等人 (ChemMedChem,2〇〇7, 2, 374_378)已揭示將 3 巯基丙酸 (3:ercaptopropionicacid)結合至金奈米粒子運用於藥物傳遞,並作為 抗藥性癌細胞生物標記。 其他常見的生物相容奈米粒子亦可作為本發明之傳遞載體,包含 但不限於靴錄、二氧化鈦、氧化辞、二氧化錫、二氧化♦、銅、紹 或鑽石。 此外’可對本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體進行修飾,以達到期望性 質。在-實關巾,對本發明之奈綠子傳遞健進行化學修飾,以 達較佳親水性。舉例而言,奈米粒子可具有多胺基,苴製 備方式可參考Yeh等人之德國專利咖咖湖號,,Replace獅
Method for Preparation of Water-soluble and Dispersed Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Application Thereof5 = 此外可對奈米粒子修飾,以增加生物相容性及穿過細胞膜及之優 勢。在一範例之令,證明奈米粒子在裝備上多條親水性之聚乙二醇 (Polyethylene Glycols,PEG) ’達成上述作用,其製備方式將於後說明。 201110984 正鱗酸二酯鱧(phosphodiester)之角色 目前已知具有「磷酸根」之化療藥物較容易與癌細胞作用,並且 癌細胞較正常細胞容易發生去磷酸反應。因此本發明目的之一是藉由 填酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase)作用,使「正碟酸二酯體」官能基進行 水解,並自奈米粒子釋放活性成份。 本發明之一代表式為圖la,其中NP為一奈米粒子,Ri為一活性 成份’而NP及R1是由「正磷酸二酯體鍵結」所結合。 此外可對「正鱗酸二酯體鍵結」可進行修部或替代,因此請參照 圖lb顯示本發明之另一代表式,其中R2可為羧基、鹵素、或1碳至 5 ^_(C1-C5)之烧氧基’ X與Y可為胺基(NH)、氧或硫,以及z為氧 或硫。 活性成份之選用 活性成份通常可包括一藥物小分子、一生物巨分子或一聚合物。 如前所述’目前已知具有磷酸根之化療藥物較容易與癌細胞作 用,並且癌細胞較正常細胞容易發生去磷酸反應,因此本發明之一較 佳實施例為抗癌藥物小分子。 在一較佳實施例之中,藥物小分子可具有羧基(〇H)官能基,以形 成「正磷酸二酯體鍵結」。舉例而言,具有羧基之抗癌藥物包括:紫 杉醇、阿拉伯糖基胞嘧啶(Cytarabine,Ara C)、福達樂(Fludarabine, Fludara®)、截瘤達(Capecitabine,Xeloda®)、多西紫杉醇(D〇cetaxel)、泛 愛黴素(Epimbicin)及/或亞德里亞黴素(D〇xombidn)。 此外,小分子藥物亦可具有胺基(NH2)及巯基(SH),該等官能基以 开/成「正構酸二酯體鍵結」。抗癌藥物具有胺基者舉例而言包括· 6_ 硫醇嘌呤(6-Mercaptopurine)及胺曱基葉酸(Methotrexate^抗癌藥物具 疏基者舉例而§包括硫鳥嗓吟(Thi〇guanine)。 在生物巨分子部分,可藉由羧基等官能基以形成「正磷酸二酯體 201110984 鍵結」,因此可作為生物巨分子的傳遞載體;而此處所提到的生物巨 分子包括但不限於核酸、核苷酸、寡核酸、胜肽或蛋白質。 本發明可藉以下實施例被進一步瞭解,該等實施例僅作為說明之 用,而非用於限制本發明範圍。 實施例1 :含紫杉酵鐵奈米粒子之製備 在本發明之一具體實施例中,奈米粒子之材質為氧化鐵,以兼具 磁性及生物相容性;活性成份為紫杉醇。如圖2顯示本發明包含紫杉 醇之奈米粒子。首先,以一當量的(單4-甲氧基)三苯甲基氣 φ ((咖加斗⑽仇⑽你!%1 chloride,MMTrCl)在三乙胺(triethyl amine)存 在之下保護四甘醇單硫醇3的硫醇基,以利得到單甲氧基三苯甲基化 硫醇化合物2 (產率65%)。接著將紫杉醇1依序以54當 量)及三曱基吡啶溶於四氫呋喃(Tetrahydrofiiran,THF)、單甲氧基三苯 甲基化硫醇化合物2 (1當量)、碘(2當量)及水處理,以得到主產物_ 前趨紫杉醇(pro-paclitaxel) 4 (產率 72%)。 用以產生前趨紫杉醇4之「一瓶法轉換(〇此_£^也111技11〇(1)」,可使 三個步驟在原位(in situ)發生,包含:使紫杉醇與pEG_SH結合,(2) 亞磷酸中心的氧化,及(3)單甲氧基三苯甲基之去保護。關於「一瓶法」 Φ 之詳細 *貝料於 Hwu,J. R 等人所著的 Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1997,7, 545-548中已詳述,將其全部内容在此透過引用方式納入。 第二,將具有胺基之氧化鐵奈米粒子,藉由尽丁 二酰亞胺基3-(7V-馬來醯亞胺)丙酸乙酯(尽弧也㈣邮 3鲁maleimid〇)pr〇Pi〇nate)(1.2 當量),在二甲基亞硬(⑽御丨〇, DMSO)溶劑中修飾胺基_/),以得到含官能基之鐵奈米粒子5。 水溶性及具分散性的含官能基之鐵奈米粒子5,係由Fe„及Felll 以及包含胺基有機酸的兩種溶液所製備而得。接著調整溶液的pH值, 並加入適當量的附著劑,以利粒子表面完整塗佈 201110984 第三,在室溫下,將甲醇中硫基化的前趨紫杉醇4(43當量)結合 到含官能基之鐵奈米粒子5,以產生預期的Michaei加成物(Michael adduct)含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子qpaditaxeLF^Np),再以穿透式電子顯 微鏡所測得其平均粒徑為6.1 ± 0.8 nm。 在進行結合的前後,於室溫測量含官能基之鐵奈米粒子5 (Fe-NP-(NH3) +")及含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6的磁性迴線,如圖3中所 示’含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6的飽和磁力值測量為4.〇 emu/mg,代表其 具磁力可檢測性及追縱的適用性。 另方面’利用熱重 ΐ 分析法(thermogravimetric analysis, TGA), 對混合的含官能基之鐵奈米粒子5及含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6作測量, 結果顯示結合到氧化鐵核心的丁二醯亞胺基連結物平均數量為92 個,結合到氧化鐵核心的紫杉醇的平均數量為83個。 實施例2 :親水性含紫杉醇金奈米粒子之製備 此外’本發明於室溫下,在水中將前趨紫杉醇4 (5〇〇_1〇〇〇當量) 藉由其硫醇基結合到金奈米粒子(Au-NP)上,其中Au_Np可藉由以檸 檬酸鈉還原四氯金酸(HAuCU)製備而得。含紫杉醇金奈米粒子7之獲 得可由19nm的增色位移及紅位移的紫外光/可見光波峰變化而證實。 經由熱重量分析法分析,每粒含紫杉醇金奈米粒子7中平均具有 2〇1個功能性紫杉醇位置。圖4b的穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmi^i〇n electron microscopy,ΤΕΜ)顯示其粒徑為14 6 ± 〇 7⑽,並且為分 態。 ’” 實施例3 :疏水性含紫杉酵金奈米粒子之製備 除了具有良好親水性的含紫杉醇金奈米粒子7之外,本發明也揭 =具疏水_混合於紫辦金奈練子9亦可由_化學|成法獲 付如同上述,叢集之含院基配基之金奈米粒子8所具有的十-院美 硫醇(doctonethid)配基,可在室溫下甲苯中與具硫醇基的前趨 201110984 4父換,反應120小時後可得到如圖4c中所示的混合式含紫杉醇金奈 米粒子9之分散混合物,其練為2>1 ± 〇·3帥^藉由使用親乙醇 (mercaptoethanol)取代法(dkplacement method)所得到的混合式含紫杉 醇金奈米粒子9,其上結合的紫杉醇分子平均數量為46個。 親水性及生物相容性測試
含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6、含紫杉醇金奈米粒子7之離散度 (dispersion)分別為312及288 pg/mL,具有良好親水性。相較於現有 的紫杉醇分子(0.4 pg/mL),溶解度增加了 780及72〇倍。相較於前趨 紫杉醇4 (3_26 pg/mL) ’其親水性增加了 96及88倍。 由於PEG間隙子(spacer)具親水性,而Fe-NP-(NH3)+可與水互溶; 因此含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6親水性的改良可歸功於pEG間隙子及 Fe-NP-(NH3) „兩者之貢獻。因此本發明揭示,可因調整pEG間隙子, 以增加前趨藥物穿過細胞膜及生物相容性之優勢。 藥物釋放分析 目前已知具有磷酸根之化療藥物較容易與癌細胞作用,並且癌細 胞較正常細胞容易發生去磷酸根反應。在磷酸二酯酶 (phosphodiesterase)之作用之下,本發明將「正磷酸二酯體」 (phosphodiester)官能基結合至紫杉醇奈米粒子上,正磷酸二酯體官能 基進行水賴自奈錄子職紫杉醇,·具備珊性輯對能力之 優點。 藉由HPLC檢測確認上述機制,結果顯示:在1〇日以後,磷酸 ^醋酶水解含紫杉醇鐵奈雜子6 (前_物)時,其中所包含的紫杉 醇配體(ligand)之總被釋放率達91% (見圖5,曲線a)。因此含紫杉醇 鐵;η米粒子6 了作為生物功能性材質」materiai)。 癌細胞毒殺作用分析 此外本發明以3-(4,5-二甲基射_2)_2,5-二苯基四氮唾壤鹽 201110984 (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-2-y 1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide, MTT) 分析含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6作為前趨藥物,對於人類癌細胞OECM-1 (oral epidermoid carcinoma cell, Meng-1)及人類正常細胞 HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells)的有效性評估。結果顯示:在 6天之内,前趨藥物對癌細胞及正常細胞之差異達丨〇4倍,其IC5〇 (半 數抑制濃度)值分別為5.03 X ΗΓ7及3·58 X 10-3 pg/mL。此外在12 天之後,在胎牛血清之中(2.50 X 1〇_4 M FCS)並未檢測到任何明顯 (<0.50%)由含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子6解離的紫杉醇1。
綜合上述,本發明之奈米粒子傳輸載體,其核心例如為氧化鐵或 金,由於其具有「正磷酸二酯體鍵結」而形成抗癌藥物的前趨藥物, 可在磷酸二酯酶作用之下釋放抗癌藥物,並具有奈米粒子之優點,例 如磁性追職力、良好的親水性及生油雜。本發m粒子傳 遞載體組颜麵的抗癌候賴物,可適用於多種癌症的 且 臨床發展潛力。 〃 以上所述之實施例僅係為說明本創作之技術思想及特 點’其目的在使熟習此項技藝之人士能夠瞭解本創作之内容 並據以實施,當不能以之限定本創作之專利範圍,即大凡依 本創作所揭示之精神所作之均等變化或修倚,仍應涵蓋 創作之專利範圍内。 201110984 【圖式簡單說明】 圖la為一化學式,顯示本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體之一實施例。 圖lb為一化學式,顯示本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體之一實施例。 圖2為一簡圖,顯示本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體之製備流程。 圖3為一折線圖,顯示本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體之實驗結果。 圖4a至4c為圖片,顯示本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體之實驗結果。 圖5為一折線圖,顯示本發明之奈米粒子傳遞載體之實驗結果。 【主要元件符號說明】
X Ύ ' Z ' R2 1 2 3
5 6 7 8 9 奈米粒子 活性成份 官能基 紫杉醇 單甲氧基三苯曱基化硫醇化合物 四甘醇單硫醇 前趨紫杉醇 含官能基之鐵奈米粒子 含紫杉醇鐵奈米粒子 含紫杉醇金奈米粒子 含皖基配基之金奈米粒子 混合式含紫杉醇金奈米粒子
Claims (1)
- 201110984 七、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種奈米粒子傳遞載體,以下列代表式表示 —YR1 I R2 其中NP為—奈米粒子; Rl為一活性成份; R2係選自由綾基、函素、及1碳至5碳(C1_C5)之烷氧基所組成的群組 X與Y係選自由胺基(NH)、氧及硫所組成的群組;以及 Z係選自由氡及硫所組成的群組。 月求項1所述之奈米粒子傳遞載體,其中該奈米粒子之材質為金屬或 其氧化物。 3·如請求項2所述之奈絲子傳遞賴,其中該奈綠子由選自鐵、姑、 鎳、及前述之氧化物所組成的群組之材質所製。 《如請求項3所述之奈雜子傳遞載體,其中該奈米粒子之材質為氧化鐵: 5·如請求項2所述之奈雜子傳遞載體,其中該奈米粒子之材質為金。 6. 如物2所述之奈錄子傳遞載體,射該奈米粒子由選自二氧化 鈦、乳化辞、二氧化錫、銅、紹所組成群級之材質所製。 7. =求項1所述之奈練子傳遞倾,其中該奈米粒子由選自德錢、 一氧化矽及鑽石所組成群組之材質所製。 =請求項1骑如_咖,㈣ 醇。 12 201110984 9·如請求項1騎之奈餘子傳顧體,其中χ為氧。 1〇·如請求項1所述之奈米粒子傳遞戴體,其中γ為氧。 ’ 11_如請求項1所述之奈米粒子傳遞載體,其中ζ為氧。 12. U項1所述之奈綠子傳遞栽體,其巾&2為敌基。 13. 如請求項丨所述之奈餘子傳遞栽體,其中騎性成份包含—藥物小分 子、一生物巨分子或一聚合物。 MU項η所述之奈綠子傳遞載體其中該藥物小分子為—抗癌藥 鲁 物。 15. 如請求項14所述之奈練子傳_體,其中該抗鋪物為紫杉醇。 16. 如請求項14所述之奈綠子傳遞載體,其中該抗麵物係選自阿拉伯糖 基胞輕、福達樂、截瘤達、多西紫杉醇、泛愛黴素及亞德里亞徽素所 組成的群組。 如月长項Μ所述之奈綠子傳遞載體,其中該抗麵物係選自由&硫醇 嘌呤及胺曱基葉酸所組成的群組。 • 胃求項14所述之奈米粒子傳遞載體,其中該抗癌藥物為硫鳥嗓吟。 月长項13所述之奈米粒子傳遞載體,其中該生物巨分子係選自由核 酸、核倾、寡核酸、胜肽及蛋白質所組成之群组。13
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US13/548,972 US8828975B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2012-07-13 | Phosphate-containing nanoparticle delivery vehicle |
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