200843286 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明為智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，尤指一種專注於 多組鉛酸電池使用下之電池管理。本發明以自動建構成之主從 式系統，由主裝置控制，使各電池單體輪流充電，於較低之電 力源需求下，使各電池於充電過程中均維持極板活化狀況，可 提高充電效率並增長鉛酸電池之使用壽命。 【先前技術】 儘管新型二次電池（鎳氫電池，鋰電池）的研發於近十年來 有相當亮眼的成績，主要應用仍在諸如筆記型電腦、手機、個 人數位助理等行動通訊設備所需之可攜式電源，輕量化為其優 點。車輛之啟動、燈光及點火（SLI)裝置卻仍然必須使用鉛酸 電池。隨著油價不斷攀升，油電混成車（Hybrid)相繼推出上 市，鉛酸電池組仍是油電混成車的唯一選擇。主要是因為已經 商業化的二次電池還未具有鉛酸電池一樣價格低廉、成熟技 術、安全可靠及可回收處理等優點，預估十年内鉛酸電池仍具 有其不可取代之地位。況且新技術與新材料的挹注之下鉛酸電 池無論在能量密度、功率密度或週期壽命上也持續有亮眼的改 進。 以鉛酸電池組作為移動式運輸載具（如長途卡車，遊艇等） 之備用能源，可於載具停止移動時作為其内部設備之能量來 源，免除休息時引擎繼續運轉造成之空氣污染以及油耗。目前 以鉛酸電池為備用能源之架構以多顆電池並聯以提高容量及 瞬間輸出能量。經由發電機及穩壓裝置提供内部裝置電力之同 時，分出部分能量進行鉛酸電池組充電。由於瞬間負荷之改變 產生暫態突波，以及缺乏管理之充電及放電造成過充或過放， 實際使用時鉛酸電池組之壽命往往未達標稱循環壽命之一半。 對於多組電池並聯架構，為使鉛酸電池極板維持有效之充電 效率，傳統作法需要提供足夠分配到各電池單體之電力源，致 200843286 使發電機之輸出功率必翻對提高。電池域絲應以電池端 電壓判斷，傳統並聯架構之電池組，無法研判單獨電池單體之 充電狀態，更無法將已經故障的電池單體隔離，任何一個電池 單體故障，充電時除了消耗能源外，所產生的熱更會使電池壽 命受到嚴《彡響。開發智慧型電崎m提供最佳方式進 行充電，判斷電池單體健康狀況，隔離故障電池單體，平衡電 ，單體容量以及提供電池使用狀況訊息是提升鉛酸電池週期 哥命的一種重要的途徑。 【發明内容】 本發明的主要目的在於提供一種智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管 理系統，於此系統運作之下可提高充電效率，達到各電池單體 谷置一致性，隔離不良或故障電池單體，延長電池壽命。 本發明之主要目的可經由以下之方法達成： 本發明秦慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，如圖一所示，由一 組以上的智慧型電池組（10)、發電機（20)及穩壓器（3〇)所組 成，其中，每一個智慧型電池組（丨0)包括：控制器（丨〗）、鉛酸 電池單體（12)、感測開關元件（13)、傳輸介面（14); 經由接頭識別碼佈線之智慧識別器（117)設計，本發明智慧 型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統中，其中一組智慧型電池組（1〇) 的控制器（11)做為本管理系統之主控制器（〗1，）；由控制器 (11)中的微控單元（111)根據智慧識別器（117)信號位準區 分’該主控制器（11’ ）係為全系統之中央管制單元，主導各智 慧型電池組（10)輪流充電次序，並藉由部分電池組充電，其他 (已充到一定容量）不充電的方式達到各電池組間之容量平 衡；經由定期輪詢各電池之開路電壓、溫度及充電電壓電流， 決定各電池單體充電狀況以及研判電池組之健康狀況，必要時 將不良電池單體隔離到系統之外；傳輸介面（14)採串列式主從 架構’以最少之連線實現控制與資料交換功能； 本發明的智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統基礎為每個鉛酸200843286 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a smart lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system, and more particularly to a battery management that focuses on the use of multiple sets of lead-acid batteries. The invention adopts a master-slave system with automatic construction, which is controlled by the main device, so that each battery cell is charged in turn, so that under the lower power source demand, each battery maintains the activation state of the plate during the charging process, which can be improved. Charging efficiency and increase the service life of lead-acid batteries. [Prior Art] Although the development of new secondary batteries (NiMH batteries, lithium batteries) has achieved remarkable results in the past decade, the main applications are still required for mobile communication devices such as notebook computers, mobile phones, and personal digital assistants. The portable power supply is lightweight and its advantages. Lead-acid batteries must still be used in vehicle start-up, lighting and ignition (SLI) units. As oil prices continue to rise, hybrid hybrid vehicles (Hybrid) have been launched, and lead-acid batteries are still the only choice for hybrid vehicles. Mainly because the commercialized secondary batteries are not as expensive as lead-acid batteries, mature technology, safe and reliable, and recyclable, it is estimated that lead-acid batteries still have an irreplaceable position within ten years. Moreover, lead-acid batteries with new technologies and new materials continue to have brighter improvements in energy density, power density or cycle life. The lead-acid battery pack is used as a backup energy source for mobile transport vehicles (such as long-distance trucks, yachts, etc.) as a source of energy for the internal equipment when the vehicle stops moving, eliminating the air pollution and fuel consumption caused by the engine running at rest. . At present, a lead-acid battery is used as a backup energy source, and multiple batteries are connected in parallel to increase capacity and instantaneous output energy. While the internal device power is supplied via the generator and the voltage regulator, part of the energy is distributed to charge the lead-acid battery pack. Due to the transient load change, transient surges, and the lack of management of charging and discharging caused by overcharge or overdischarge, the life of lead-acid batteries in actual use often does not reach one-half of the nominal cycle life. For multi-cell parallel architectures, in order to maintain efficient charging efficiency for lead-acid battery plates, conventional methods need to provide sufficient power source for each battery cell, so that 200843286 will increase the output power of the generator. The battery field wire should be judged by the battery terminal voltage. The battery pack of the traditional parallel structure cannot judge the charging state of the individual battery cells, and it is impossible to isolate the faulty battery cells. Any one of the battery cells fails, and the energy is consumed in addition to charging. In addition, the heat generated will cause the battery life to be severely sizzled. The development of intelligent electric Osaki m provides the best way to charge, determine the health of the battery cells, isolate faulty battery cells, balance power, monomer capacity and provide battery status information is an important factor in improving lead acid battery cycle life. way. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a smart lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system, which can improve the charging efficiency under the operation of the system, achieve uniformity of each battery cell, and isolate poor or faulty battery cells. To extend battery life. The main object of the present invention can be achieved by the following methods: The Qin Hui type acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , is composed of more than one type of smart battery pack (10), generator (20) and A voltage regulator (3〇), wherein each smart battery pack (丨0) includes: a controller (丨), a lead-acid battery cell (12), a sensing switch element (13), a transmission interface (14); Designed by the smart identifier (117) of the connector identification code wiring, in the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention, a controller (11) of a group of smart battery packs (1) is used as The main controller (1,) of the management system; the micro-control unit (111) in the controller (11) distinguishes the smart controller (117) signal level from the main controller (11') The central control unit of the system leads the intelligent battery packs (10) in turn charging order, and by some battery packs charging, other (charged to a certain capacity) is not charged to achieve the capacity balance between the battery packs; Polling the open circuit voltage, temperature and charging of each battery Voltage and current, determine the charging status of each battery cell and study the health status of the battery pack, if necessary, isolate the bad battery unit from the system; the transmission interface (14) adopts the serial master-slave architecture to achieve the least connection Control and data exchange function; the intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention is based on each lead acid
I 200843286 % 參 電池單體（12)均安裝有一組感測開關元件（13)，包括有：一充 電開關（131)和放電開關（132)，如圖二所示；在主控制器（u，） 監控管制之下，實現各電池單體輪流充電；各個控制器（11) 接叉主控制器（11 ’）之指示，控制感測開關元件（13)以進行充 電開關（131)及放電開關（132)之動作；並於充電及停止充電期 間分別經由微控單元（1〗〗）所内建之類比/數位轉換（ADC)量取 電池之充電電壓/電流及開路電壓（Open Circuit Yoltage ‘ V〇C)，回報到主控制器（Π，）之微控單元（111)，作為充電及 電池單體健康情況之研判； 主控制器（11，）根據發電機輸出功率以及使用之鉛酸電池 馨 #性’ 1擇適當的充電組態，將所有Μ酸電池單體（12)區分為 相同數量的多個群組；電池組態重要參數包括全系統總電池I 200843286 % The battery cells (12) are equipped with a set of sensing switching elements (13), including: a charging switch (131) and a discharging switch (132), as shown in Figure 2; in the main controller (u) ,) Under the control of the control, realize the charging of each battery cell in turn; each controller (11) is connected to the indication of the main controller (11 '), and controls the sensing switching element (13) to perform the charging switch (131) and discharge The action of the switch (132); and during the charging and stopping of charging, respectively, the charging voltage/current and the open circuit voltage of the battery are measured by the analog/digital conversion (ADC) built in the micro control unit (1). (Open Circuit Yoltage 'V〇C), return to the main controller (Π,) of the micro control unit (111), as a charge and the health of the battery unit; the main controller (11,) according to the generator output power and lead used Acid battery Xin #性' 1 Select the appropriate charging configuration, divide all the tannic acid battery cells (12) into the same number of multiple groups; battery configuration important parameters include the whole system total battery
數，每一群組電池數，每一循環充電時間，充電電壓上 路電壓上限等； J 主控制器（1Γ )與其他各個控制器（11)間之命令或資料交 換經由驅動/隔離介面⑴5)達成；資料傳輸採光輕合裝置 (1151)方式，可有效隔離各獨立電池控制模組，避免單一模組 成傳輸系統失效情形；所有控制器⑴)硬體及内部控制 軟體完全相同，任何一個控制器⑴）接上主控制器⑴，）之接 藝帛’重新啟動就可藉由智慧識別器⑴？）侧 ⑴’）之軟體，其他位置之控制器⑴）則執行—般功^制-圖四為本發明之主從式傳輸驅動/隔離介面⑴5)電路，介面 - 接點共有八點，其中HM—以及TxVRx-分別為兩組參考電 圖五為各智慧型電池組⑽之_接線方式，料主 ⑴=空制器⑴）以TxMVTxr，及RxMVM_為通訊璋，； Π為(11)則以7V/TV及RxVRx-為通訊埠;個別模組TxVlv :點為洋動電位必須於接到主控制器⑴，）之點 ;。到主控制H⑴，）之參考地電位。圖六及圖七分別為本^明 200843286 主控制器（ir )於傳送與接收狀態之介面電路示意圖； 當控制器（11)連接智慧型電池組（10)之接頭接上時，控制器 (11)隨即進入初始程序；於初始程序中，電池參數會自記憶體 中讀出，然後讀取電池識別碼，此為每一顆電池單體出廠時賦 予之4位元組電池序號。隨即以智慧識別器（117)區別主控制 器（11 )與其他控制器（11 )，完成初始化後即進入自動組態設 定程序； 組恶设定由主控制器（1Γ )啟動，程序如圖八，本發明以4 位兀組（32位元）的電池序號之低位的16位元區分為末7位元 的序號查詢比對碼和尚9位元的回應延遲計時碼；利用主從式 架構之廣播功能，主控制器（1Γ )送出序號查詢指令；序號查 詢指令之參數為7位元的比對碼，控制器（11)接到序號查詢指 令組，將比對碼與本身之序號末7碼比對，比對結果不同就不 做任何回應，如果比對結果相符，則經過回應延遲計時碼（9 位兀）單位時間之延遲後，將本身之電池序號（32位元）傳給主 4工制器（11 )，母個延遲單位時間為傳送一組電池序號所需時 間；末7位元相同之電池控制模組只要回應延遲計時碼位 元）不同，會在不同時間回傳電池序號。後16位元相同意味著 生產次序相隔超過六萬五千個電池（65536)，同時使用於一個 系統中之機率近乎零；如果仍然發生衝突，衝突之電池組無法 辨硪，全系統電池組總數將不足，可於組態設定階段發出錯誤 汛息，主控制器（1Γ )於（最多）128次查詢問後可取得所有系 統中電池之序號；分別賦予各控制器（11)對應之模組編號，即 為裝置位址。主控制器（11，）之裝置位址為Q ;序號查詢比對 碼及回應延遲計時碼可依系統之規模大小及可能發生衝突之 評估而修改為任意位元數； /主控制器（11’ ）完成系統組態自動偵測並指定裝置位址 後’各電池控制器以定址式序列傳輪（Addressedl}ART)接受主 控制器（11，）之管制；定址式序列傳輸為序列傳輸之延伸，如 200843286 圖九，傳輸以起始碼（START)開始，結束碼（ST〇p)结束除資 料(8位元)外，原來序列傳輸作為同位碼之第9位)元^ 址及資料辨識碼（A/D)，A/D=〗時表示此資料為定址碼，A/D=〇 則為資料； 主控制器（11，）經由對各控制器（11)下達之充電或停止充 電指令進行脈衝式充電；主控制器（11，）依據預先設定之架 構，依序下達充電指令，並持續讀取各控制器（丨丨）之狀態，作 為充電與否之決策。圖十為本發明以四個群組進行充雷 下，各控制器（11)依據主控制器（11，）之指令建構之充電時 序； 由於發電機（20)及穩壓器（30)輸出電壓不能動態調整，無法 隨電池需要改變輸出電壓做定電壓（CV)充電，充電電流又受負 載影響，無法以充電電流（Current Taper)準禮研判電池是否 充飽，此為傳統鉛酸電池應用在運輸工具上循環壽命不佳的主 因； 本發明智慧型管理系統以依序輪流充電方式進行脈衝式充 電，於充電開關關閉時量測電池開路端電壓，確實呈現電池容 量狀況，作為是否充飽或需要繼續充電之判斷依據。 【實施方式】 本發明智慧型鉛酸電池充放電管理系統，為多組智慧型電池 組（10)並聯組成的電力系統；本發明系統之智慧型電池組（1〇) 可為多個；全系統架構，如圖一所示，.主要包括：控制器（1 1 )， 經由接頭上之智慧識別器（117)辨別，其中，有一組智慧型 電池組（10)之控制器（11)為主控制器（π ‘）；主控制器（π’ ） 與其他控制器（11)之間經由主控制器（1Γ )之定址程序，將控 制命令與資料經傳輸介面（14)傳遞到各控制器（11)，或回覆給 主控制器（1Γ );控制器（11)可經由感測開關元件（13)，摘測 電池之充電時電壓電流或靜止狀態下之電壓以及電池之溫 度，研判電壓之儲能及健康狀態，並接受主控制器（1Γ )之指 200843286 示，關閉充電或放電開關；鉛酸電池單體（12)為傳統密閉 酸電池（Valve Regulated Battery) ; 口 本系統中所有電池以及控制電路完全相同，經由智慧識別器 (117)，可自動產生全系統唯一的主控制器（u，），並經由 體的侧完成組態設定，建構成主從式架構；於主㈣ 人、 與^控制器（11)之互動及監控下，可安全且有效率之充電，以夕 及安全，電，避免過充或過放使電池獲得最佳之維護，延長電 池使用壽命，此外，提供電力來源之發電機（2{))與穩壓器^ 亦為整體充電系統之一部份； f制器（11)由微控單元⑴n、時間同步單元⑴2)、資料 取單元（113)、顯示單元⑴4)及_/隔離介面⑴5)等組 控早7L (111)為-顆微處理器，具有内建快閃記憶體，兩. =列4 ’ 一，组I2CBus，多組類比轉數位輸入（ADC)以及多组 輸出士埠^時間同步單元⑽）提供正確之時間，供資料儲存時 ^間訊息’類比轉數位輸人供電池電壓，電流，溫度量測； =料存取單元（113)儲存異常狀態之所有相關訊息，供維修時 2 =態查詢及失效研判；顯示單元⑽）為發光二極體（led) 斤.、·且成’顯不電池模組之狀態；狀態顯示包括：充電中、充飽、 故障等；介面驅動/隔離單元⑴5)為—主從式隔離驅 動傳輸介面電路；圖四為具體電路，主控制器與控制模組之間 ΐΐΓΐ裝置（1151)電流迴路方式進行資料傳輸，除可有效隔 tft雜訊外’任一控制模組之失效均可實際隔離，不 虫他核組之通訊；由於光麵合裝置⑴51)之隔離效果有 々解決串接電池傳輸信號之電位差問題，本電路亦可用接 式組合； 以下分職明本發明主控卿⑴，）與其隸制 功能： 主控制器之功能： •(初始程序）供電後，經由智慧識別器⑴7)確認本身為主控 200843286 :::讀取内建快閃記憶體確定系統組態（總電池組數，單— 充電=電池數，充電電壓上限，放電電壓下限，溫 :t=定程序)以特定廣播指令進行電池序號搜尋，！得 電池控制模組序號。指定各智慧型電池裝置位址。此 後通sfl疋址均使用裝置位址； • 3·(充電管理）根據系統充電群組，依序輪流指示各電池群組 . 之電池組暫挎退出輪流充電行列，其他智慧型電池 組則繼續充電，以達成電池容量平衡； 赢 4.(狀態查詢）根據系統電池數及電池組態，依序要求控制模 • 組回報最新狀態訊息，包括：充電電壓、充電電流、靜止電壓: 電池溫度以及電池狀態； 5.(失^研判處理及回報）根據狀態查詢獲得訊息，研判各電 池之狀態，將失效電池自輪流充電程序中移除，並關閉放 關停止放電； 其他控制器（11)之功能： 1·(初始程序）供電後，經由智慧識別器（117)確認本身不是主 控制器，讀取内建快閃記憶體確定系統組態（充電電壓上限， 放電電壓下限，溫度上限等）； 2·(組悲設定程序）等候主控制器序號搜尋指令，於延遲時間 後回報序號。等候電池裝置位址指定指令。此後通訊定址均使 用裝置位址； 3·(充放電管理）接受主控制器指示，控制充電開關進行充電 及暫停放電，並於充電過程中量測充電電壓及充電電流，暫停 充電時量測靜止電壓。定期量測電池溫度，並據以研判電池狀 態，是否充飽，是否過充，是否已經到達放電下限等； 4.(狀怨回報）接受主控制器指示，回報充電電壓、充電電流、 靜止電壓、電池溫度以及電池狀態； 11 200843286 5.(異常狀態處理）當研判認定電池狀態異常時，經顯示單元 (j 14)作失效指示，將同步時間以及當時之量測數據，狀態代碼 等存入快閃記憶體，供維護時讀出，以利失效原因分析； *主控制器本身同時也具一般控制器功能，因此也具備第2至 第4項功能； 本發明之主從式驅動/隔離介面（115)之電路，如圖四傳輸及 接收共計有八條傳輸信號輸出輸入點。主控制器（11，）使用 (ΤχΜ\ TxM—，RxM+’ RXM—)，其他控制器（11)均以（Τχ,，Τχ—Number, number of batteries per group, charging time per cycle, upper voltage limit of charging voltage, etc.; command or data exchange between J main controller (1Γ) and other controllers (11) via drive/isolation interface (1) 5) Achieved; data transmission lighting light fitting device (1151) way, can effectively isolate each individual battery control module, avoiding the failure of a single mode component transmission system; all controllers (1)) hardware and internal control software are identical, any one control (1)) connected to the main controller (1),) the pick-up 帛 'restart can be used by the smart recognizer (1)? The soft side of the side (1)'), the controller (1) of other positions performs the general function - the fourth is the master-slave transmission drive/isolation interface (1) 5) circuit of the present invention, and the interface-contact has a total of eight points, wherein HM- and TxVRx- are respectively two sets of reference electrograms 5 for each smart battery pack (10) _ wiring mode, material master (1) = air controller (1)) with TxMVTxr, and RxMVM_ for communication 璋; Π is (11) Then use 7V/TV and RxVRx- as the communication port; the individual module TxVlv: the point is the oceanic potential must be connected to the main controller (1),); The reference ground potential to the main control H(1),). Figure 6 and Figure 7 are schematic diagrams of the interface circuit of the main controller (ir) in the transmission and reception state of the 200843286; when the controller (11) is connected to the connector of the smart battery pack (10), the controller ( 11) Then enter the initial program; in the initial program, the battery parameters will be read from the memory, and then read the battery identification code, which is the 4-digit battery serial number given to each battery unit at the factory. Then, the main controller (11) and other controllers (11) are distinguished by the smart recognizer (117), and the automatic configuration setting program is entered after the initialization is completed; the group evil setting is started by the main controller (1Γ), and the program is as shown in the figure. Eighth, the present invention divides the lower 16 bits of the battery number of the 4-digit group (32-bit) into the sequence number of the last 7-bit query comparison code and the 9-bit response delay chronograph; using the master-slave architecture The broadcast function, the main controller (1Γ) sends the serial number query command; the parameter of the serial number query command is a 7-bit comparison code, and the controller (11) receives the serial number query command group, and the comparison code and its own serial number 7-code comparison, if the comparison result is different, no response will be made. If the comparison result is matched, after the delay of the response delay code (9 digits) unit time, the battery serial number (32-bit) is transmitted to The main 4 (11), the parent delay unit time is the time required to transmit a set of battery numbers; the battery control module with the same 7-bit end is different in response to the delay chronograph bit, and will be transmitted at different times. Battery serial number. The same 16-bit number means that the production order is separated by more than 65,000 batteries (65536), and the probability of using it in one system is almost zero; if the conflict still occurs, the conflicting battery pack cannot be identified, and the total number of battery packs in the whole system Insufficient, the error message can be sent during the configuration setting phase. The main controller (1Γ) can obtain the serial number of the battery in all systems after (up to) 128 queries; respectively, the modules corresponding to each controller (11) The number is the device address. The device address of the main controller (11,) is Q; the serial number query comparison code and the response delay timing code can be modified to any number of bits according to the size of the system and the evaluation of possible conflicts; / main controller (11 ') After the system configuration is automatically detected and the device address is specified, 'each battery controller accepts the control of the main controller (11,) by the addressable sequence carrier (Addressedl}ART); the addressable sequence transmission is the sequence transmission Extension, such as 200843286 Figure 9, the transmission starts with the start code (START), the end code (ST〇p) ends with the data (8 bits), the original sequence transmission is the 9th digit of the parity code) Identification code (A/D), A/D=〗 indicates that the data is the address code, A/D=〇 is the data; the main controller (11,) is charged or stopped by the controller (11) The charging command performs pulse charging; the main controller (11,) sequentially issues a charging command according to a preset structure, and continuously reads the state of each controller (丨丨) as a decision on charging or not. Figure 10 is a charging sequence constructed by each controller (11) according to the instruction of the main controller (11) according to the four groups of the present invention; due to the output of the generator (20) and the voltage regulator (30) The voltage can't be adjusted dynamically. It can't change the output voltage with the battery to do the constant voltage (CV) charging. The charging current is affected by the load. It can't be judged whether the battery is fully charged by the current (Current Taper). This is the traditional lead-acid battery application. The main reason for the poor cycle life in the transportation vehicle; the intelligent management system of the invention performs pulse charging in the sequential charging mode, and measures the open circuit voltage of the battery when the charging switch is turned off, and indeed presents the battery capacity condition as a full charge. Or the basis for judging the need to continue charging. [Embodiment] The intelligent lead-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention is a power system in which a plurality of smart battery packs (10) are connected in parallel; the smart battery pack (1〇) of the system of the present invention may be multiple; The system architecture, as shown in FIG. 1, mainly includes: a controller (1 1 ), which is identified by a smart identifier (117) on the connector, wherein a controller (11) of a smart battery pack (10) is The main controller (π '); between the main controller (π') and the other controllers (11), the control commands and data are transmitted to each control via the transmission interface (14) via the addressing program of the main controller (1Γ). (11), or reply to the main controller (1Γ); the controller (11) can measure the voltage and current of the battery during charging or the voltage at rest and the temperature of the battery via the sensing switching element (13) Voltage storage and health status, and accept the main controller (1Γ) refers to 200843286, turn off the charge or discharge switch; lead-acid battery cell (12) is a traditional valve acid battery (Valve Regulated Battery); All batteries and controls The road is exactly the same. Through the smart recognizer (117), the only main controller (u,) of the whole system can be automatically generated, and the configuration is completed through the side of the body, and the master-slave architecture is constructed; the main (four) person, and ^ Controller (11) interaction and monitoring, safe and efficient charging, eve and safety, electricity, avoid overcharge or over discharge to optimize battery maintenance, extend battery life, in addition, provide electricity The generator (2{)) and the regulator ^ are also part of the overall charging system; the controller (11) consists of the micro control unit (1)n, the time synchronization unit (1) 2), the data acquisition unit (113), and the display. Unit (1)4) and _/isolation interface (1)5) group control 7L (111) as a microprocessor with built-in flash memory, two. = column 4 ' one, group I2CBus, multiple groups of analog digital input (ADC) and multiple sets of output ± time synchronization unit (10) provide the correct time for data storage when the message ' analogy to the number of digits input battery voltage, current, temperature measurement; = material access unit (113 ) store all relevant information about the abnormal state for maintenance 2 = state check And the failure test; the display unit (10) is a light-emitting diode (led), and the state of the battery module is displayed; the status display includes: charging, fullness, failure, etc.; interface driving/isolation unit (1) 5 ) is a master-slave isolated drive transmission interface circuit; Figure 4 is a specific circuit, the main circuit and the control module between the device (1151) current loop mode for data transmission, in addition to effectively separate tft noise The failure of the control module can be actually isolated, and the communication of the nuclear group is not wormed; because the isolation effect of the smooth surface fitting device (1) 51) has the problem of solving the potential difference of the serially connected battery transmission signal, the circuit can also be connected by the combination; The title of the invention (1), and its function: the function of the main controller: • (initial program) after power supply, via the smart recognizer (1) 7) confirm itself as the main control 200843286 ::: read built-in flash Memory determines system configuration (total number of battery packs, single - charge = number of batteries, upper limit of charging voltage, lower limit of discharge voltage, temperature: t = fixed program) Battery serial number search with specific broadcast command,! Get the battery control module serial number. Specify the location of each smart battery device. After that, the device address is used in the sfl address; • 3. (Charge management) According to the system charging group, each battery group is in turn indicated in turn. The battery pack temporarily exits the polling charging queue, and other smart battery packs continue. Charging to achieve battery capacity balance; Win 4. (Status Query) According to the system battery number and battery configuration, the control module is required to report the latest status information, including: charging voltage, charging current, quiescent voltage: battery temperature and Battery status; 5. (missing judgment processing and return) According to the status query to obtain the message, study the status of each battery, remove the failed battery from the polling charging program, and turn off the shutdown to stop the discharge; other controllers (11) Function: 1 (Initial program) After power supply, confirm that it is not the main controller via the smart recognizer (117), read the built-in flash memory to determine the system configuration (charge voltage upper limit, discharge voltage lower limit, upper temperature limit, etc.) ; 2·(Group sorrow setting procedure) Waits for the main controller serial number search command, and returns the serial number after the delay time. Wait for the battery unit address specification command. After that, the communication address uses the device address; 3. (charge and discharge management) accepts the instruction of the main controller, controls the charging switch to charge and suspend the discharge, and measures the charging voltage and charging current during the charging process, and measures the static when the charging is suspended. Voltage. Regularly measure the battery temperature, and according to the battery state, whether it is full, whether it is overcharged, whether it has reached the lower limit of discharge, etc.; 4. (retribution) accept the main controller instruction, return the charging voltage, charging current, static voltage , battery temperature and battery status; 11 200843286 5. (abnormal status processing) When it is determined that the battery status is abnormal, the display unit (j 14) is used as the failure indication, and the synchronization time and the current measurement data, status code, etc. are stored. Flash memory for readout during maintenance for analysis of failure causes; *The main controller itself also has general controller functions, so it also has the second to fourth functions; the master-slave drive/isolation of the present invention The circuit of the interface (115), as shown in Figure 4, has a total of eight transmission signal output input points. The main controller (11,) uses (ΤχΜ\TxM—, RxM+’ RXM—), and the other controllers (11) are (Τχ,,Τχ—
RO並接。信號於域㈣端接地，而㈣器端為浮接;’發 明各控制器⑴）間接線方式如圖五；主控制器⑴，）傳送及接 收^電路勿別展現於圖六及圖七中；當主控制器⑴’）傳送資 料時’如圖六’信號經ΤχΜ+到Rx+，於控制器⑴）之Κχ+到 =電流迴路；當Tx輸入端為低電位時，動光叙合裳置 ㈣輸出為低電位；當任一控制器⑴）傳送資料時， ϋ益(ll)Tx輸入端為低電位時，則驅動光_合裝置⑴⑴， X ? τχ形成通路，電流經_ Τχ+，於控制器⑴)之 H成人==使主控制器⑴’)之&端輸出為低電位； 靜止’沒有傳輸活動時，所有模組的ΤΧ 此時介面電路上沒有電流流動，不會造成 =個控制斋(11)裝置有一組充電開關⑽)和放電開關 式的脈主導之下’實現各電池單體輪流間歇 載狀，兄，了將二又疋時，根據發電機(2G)之輸出與設備負 f兄將糸統中智慧型電池組⑽分為相同數量之數個群 ⑽可二測=== 」大悲之電池群組則可測得電池開路電壓 ： 恶，以評估電池健康情形；除充電《外，各智慧型電 12 200843286 裝置有一組放電開關（132)，當電池單體電壓低於設定之最低輸 出電壓或判定該電池已損害不宜繼續使用時，放電開關可將該 組電池切開，避免對故障電池逆充形成無謂的能源損失，甚或 對電池單體造成永久性損壞； 系統佈線接頭内智慧識別器（117)以佈線方式短接輸入信 號，只有主控制器（11，）之輸入為低電位，其餘則浮接。當控 制器（11)連接於系統佈線接頭時，控制器（11)隨即進入: 序；於初始程序中，自記憶體中讀出電池參數以及電池序號； 並以智慧識別器分辨主控制器（11，）或控制器（11)。電池控制 模組完成初始化後即進入自動組態設定程序； 自動組恶設定程序由主控制器（U’ ）啟動，程序如圖八。電 池序號長度為32位元，取低位的16位元再分為末7位元的序 號查詢比對碼和9位元的回應延遲計時碼；利用主從式串列傳 輸之廣播功能，主控制器（11’ ）送出序號查詢指令及序號查峋 比對碼（710)，所有控制器⑴）同時接收此序號查詢指令。序 號查詢指令之參數為7位元的比對碼，控制器⑴）接到序號查 詢指令及比對碼，與本身之序號末7碼比對（72〇)，比對結果& 同時不做任何回應。如果比對結果相符，則經過回應延遲 碼（9位元）單位時間之延遲⑽）後，將本身之電池序號傳认主 控制器⑽）。每個延遲單位時間為傳送一組電池序號所需時 間。末7位it相同之電池控制模組只要回應延遲計時碼（9位 不同就在㈣時間回傳電鱗號，最遲之回傳日相5ιι =早位。主控制H於送出序號查詢指令後開始接收回應 (750)，亚於512個延遲單位時間後，進行下一個序號查詢比; U全Γ*12!個(7位元共計128個不同數值）序號全部完成 一或預』數$之控制H已回應，主控制器開始指定裝址 m〇)，並以廣播方式傳回序號與裝置位址配對⑽^控 (11)接到配對指令後比對序號⑽），取得本身之裝置位址。此 裝置位址供定址式串列傳輸使用。 此 13 200843286 號每：：智，型電池：⑽有唯一之序號，為生產時之流水 體，η時佶相同思味者生產次序相隔逾六萬五千個電池單 :突個系統中之機率近乎零。如果仍然發生序Ϊ 序彦日心1電池組（1G)將無法辨識，使得組態設定程 出錯^王自糸統電池組總數不足，後16位元主控制器⑴，）發 (11:並停止組態設定程序(795)。正常情形主控制器 後可取二（取夕）128次序號查詢指♦(序號查詢比對碼為0〜127) 後可取得所有系統中電池之序號。RO is connected. The signal is grounded at the (4) end, and the (4) end is floating; the wiring between the invention controllers (1) is shown in Figure 5. The main controller (1),) transmit and receive ^ circuits are not shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7. When the main controller (1) ') transmits data, 'Figure 6' signal passes ΤχΜ + to Rx +, after controller (1)) + to = current loop; when Tx input is low, dynamic light Set (4) output to low potential; when any controller (1)) transmits data, when the benefit (ll) Tx input is low, the light-combining device (1)(1), X? τχ is formed to form a path, and the current flows through _ Τχ+ In the controller (1)) H adult == make the main controller (1) ') & the output is low; static 'no transmission activity, all modules ΤΧ no current flows on the interface circuit, will not Cause = a control fast (11) device has a set of charging switches (10)) and discharge switch-type pulse dominated to achieve each battery cell alternate intermittent load, brother, when the second and second, according to the generator (2G) The output and the device's negative f brother divide the smart battery pack (10) in SiS into the same number of groups. Can test two === ” The battery group of Great Sad can measure the open circuit voltage of the battery: evil, to evaluate the health of the battery; in addition to charging, each smart power 12 200843286 device has a set of discharge switches (132), when the battery When the cell voltage is lower than the set minimum output voltage or it is determined that the battery is damaged and should not be used continuously, the discharge switch can cut the battery pack to avoid unnecessary energy loss caused by reverse charging of the faulty battery, or even permanent to the battery cell. Damage; The smart identifier (117) in the system wiring connector shorts the input signal by wiring. Only the input of the main controller (11,) is low, and the rest is floating. When the controller (11) is connected to the system wiring connector, the controller (11) then enters: in the initial program, the battery parameters and the battery serial number are read from the memory; and the main controller is distinguished by the smart recognizer ( 11,) or controller (11). After the battery control module completes initialization, it enters the automatic configuration setting program; the automatic group evil setting program is started by the main controller (U'), and the program is as shown in Figure 8. The battery serial number is 32 bits long, and the lower 16 bits are further divided into the last 7-bit serial number query comparison code and the 9-bit response delay timing code; the master-slave serial transmission broadcast function, the main control The device (11') sends the serial number query command and the serial number check code (710), and all the controllers (1) receive the serial number query command at the same time. The parameter of the serial number query instruction is a 7-bit comparison code, and the controller (1)) receives the serial number query instruction and the comparison code, and compares with the serial number of the last 7 codes (72〇), and compares the result & Any response. If the comparison result is matched, the response delay code (9-bit) delay (10) per unit time is passed, and the battery number of itself is transmitted to the main controller (10). Each delay unit time is the time required to transmit a set of battery numbers. The battery control module with the same 7-bit it is only required to respond to the delay chronograph (9 digits are returned at the time of (4) time, and the latest return phase is 5 ιι = early position. The main control H is after sending the serial number query command. Start receiving response (750), after 512 delay unit time, proceed to the next serial number query ratio; U full Γ * 12! (7 digits total 128 different values) serial number all completed one or pre- 』 Control H has responded, the main controller starts to specify the address m〇), and broadcasts the sequence number and device address pairing by broadcast (10) control (11) after receiving the pairing command, compare the serial number (10)), and obtain the device position itself. site. This device address is used for addressable serial transmission. This 13 200843286 each:: Chi, type battery: (10) has a unique serial number, which is the flow of water during production, η 佶 佶 思 者 者 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 生产 : : : : : : : Nearly zero. If the sequence still occurs, the sequence of the Nisshin 1 battery pack (1G) will not be recognized, making the configuration setting error. ^The total number of battery packs is not enough, the last 16-bit master controller (1),) (11: and Stop the configuration setting program (795). Normally, the main controller can take the second (Eve) 128 order number query finger ♦ (the serial number query comparison code is 0~127), and the serial number of the battery in all systems can be obtained.
器⑴’）完成系統組態偵測後，各控制器⑴）以定址 二、，專輪（Addressed UART)接受主控制器（n，）之管制。定 序列傳輪為序列傳輸之延伸，其傳輸資料格式，如圖九， 也疋以起始碼(START)開始，結束碼（ST〇p)結束，内容定義為8 2、貧料，、而原來序列傳輸作為同位碼之第9位元改用作位址 資料辨識碼，第9位元為高電位表示此資料為定址碼，第9 位元為低電位則表示此為資料。 主控制器⑴，）經由對各控制器⑴）下達之充電或停止充電 指令進^脈衝式充電。主控制器依據預先設定之架構，依序對 f控制器（11)下達充電指令，並持續讀取各控制器（11)之狀 怨，作為充電與否之決策。圖十為以四個群組進行充電之架構 下，所有群組均可正常充電情形下，各控制器（11)建構之充電 時序，群組一充電期間量取充電電壓及充電電流。群組二，群 組三和群組四均關閉充電開關，處於靜止狀況，可量測開路電 壓。經過設定之充電時間後，群組二接受到主控制器之充電指 令，起動充電開關開始充電，同時群組一的各控制器（丨丨）接收 到主控制器（1Γ )停止充電指令，關閉充電開關停止充電。所 有群組依序完成一個充電循環後，輪回群組一進行下一個循環 充電。 ^ 主&制器（11 )除依序下達充電指令外，也持續向各控制器 (Π)要求回報電池狀態，當主控制器（11，）接獲電池異常訊 200843286 心，或判定電池已經充飽，該電池模組所屬之群組必須停 電。圖十一以群組三被決定應停止充電為例，主控制哭 兄 :充電循環規劃將略過該群組，直接指示下一個群：^ 電。充電循環也因此由四週期縮短為三週期，亦即充電效= 四：：-提升為三分之一。不同於傳統將充電電流旁路到負載 電電流均有效運用於電池單體充電，避免旁路負载 發熱，影響電池單體循環壽命。 、歡After the system configuration detection is completed, each controller (1) is controlled by the main controller (n,) by addressing the address, UART. The sequenced transmission is an extension of the sequence transmission. The transmission data format, as shown in Figure 9, starts with the start code (START) and ends with the end code (ST〇p). The content is defined as 8 2. Poor material, and The original sequence transmission is used as the address data identification code as the 9th bit of the parity code. The 9th bit is high to indicate that the data is the address code, and the 9th bit is low to indicate this is the data. The main controller (1), is charged by the charge or stop charging command issued to each controller (1). The main controller sequentially issues a charging command to the f controller (11) according to a preset structure, and continuously reads the complaints of each controller (11) as a decision on charging or not. Figure 10 shows the charging sequence constructed by each controller (11) under the framework of charging in four groups. The charging voltage and charging current are measured during the charging period of the group. Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 both turn off the charging switch and are in a static state to measure the open circuit voltage. After the set charging time, group 2 receives the charging command from the main controller, starts the charging switch to start charging, and each controller (群组) of group one receives the main controller (1Γ) to stop the charging command, and closes. The charging switch stops charging. After all the groups complete a charging cycle in sequence, the reincarnation group performs the next cycle of charging. ^ The main & controller (11), in addition to sequentially issuing the charging command, also continuously requests the controller (Π) to report the battery status, when the main controller (11,) receives the battery abnormality, the power is abnormal, or the battery is determined. Already full, the group to which the battery module belongs must be powered off. Figure 11 shows that group 3 is determined to stop charging. The main control is crying: The charging cycle plan will skip the group and directly indicate the next group: ^ electricity. The charging cycle is therefore shortened from four cycles to three cycles, that is, the charging efficiency = four:: - is increased by one third. Different from the traditional bypassing of the charging current to the load, the electric current is effectively applied to the charging of the battery cells, avoiding the heating of the bypass load and affecting the cycle life of the battery cells. Happy
一個別智慧型電池組（1G)本身之控制器⑴）接受主控制器扑 不，控制充電開關開啟或關閉，其他空閒時間持續自類比二 轉換器讀取電池單體之電流、電壓及溫度。放電過程中控制哭 (11)持續累計總放電量，並轉換成電池之循環壽命。根: 循環壽命及電池溫度可輯算㈣池允許充㈣最高開路端電 壓’電池單體充電時電池之開路端電壓不超過此限制值 延長電池使用時間。 > 圖十二為本發明充電過程中充電開關切換與電池單體端電壓 之關係，充電開關啟動，進行充電期間，量得為充電電壓；停 止充電期間，如果沒有電流，量到的電壓為電池開路端電壓。 主控制器（11，）根據開路電池端電壓是否到達設定值，判定電 池單體是否完成充電，並於主控制器詢問時回覆。 ” 如果量到電流為負值，則量得放電電流。不同於充電時充電 電流會部分轉換為熱能散逸，放電電流為自電池單體釋放出之 能量，反映出電池單體使用之循環壽命。循環壽命為電池自出 廠以後總共累積之電量，為評估電池壽命之主要依據。主控制 隨時監看放電電流，累計總放電量，轉換為循環壽命。循環壽 命與當時的電池單體溫度決定電池充電之上限開路端電壓。相 關參數以查詢表方式存於微控單元（m)2記憶體，控制軟體經 查表後取得充電上限值，作為充電截止判定，可不受使用環境 影響有效管制充電，使電池單體可達設計之目標循環壽命。 紅上所述，本發明智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，係可達成以下的 15 200843286 目的及功效，且合於新穎性與進步性之專利要件： 1.，發明中提出—個智慧型錯酸電池充放電管理系統，本系統以 夕個，同之冬慧型電池組所組成，每一個智慧型電池組由電池 控，器、資料傳輸介面、充放電控制開關及感測元件及錯酸電 池單體所組成，整體架構成彈性化主從式智慧型電池管理系 _ 統。（架構） ’ 2·本發明提出適用於任意裝置數量之彈性化主從式智慧型電池管 、 理系統之自動偵測線上裝置及設定裝置位址之方法。（彈性芊 一 構） 馨3·本發明提出一個經由循環式輪流充電管理方法，可達到降低充 電電力需求，並利用輪流充電之暫停充電空檔量測電池開路電 壓可準確掌握並聯中各電池單體之實際充電效率，並偵測出 儲能不良之電池單體。（減少發電機電力需求與偵測不 體） 4.本發明中提出一個電池單體開路電壓研判電池充飽方法，此方 法以放電電流量測計算累計電池單體循環壽命，並以電池單體 循％哥命及溫度為參數，轉換為充電上限開路端電壓，做為充 電過程中電池充飽之研判依據。本方法轉換計算所需之電池特 性參數，根據採用之電池特性整理並儲存於微控單元之快閃記 憶體中。（以開路電壓判斷充電狀況，上限電壓隨溫度與循環壽 命調整） -、 文可 5·本發明提出一個由主控制器根據各充電群組狀況回報，對需充 電之電池群組進行輪流充電循環之方法。本方法可達到於充電 過程中平衡電池容量，提高充電效率，有效將所有能量運用於 充電，解決傳統將充飽之電池以旁路負載處理，消耗能量發熱 且影響電池單體壽命之問題。（電池組容量平衡方法，充分使用 充電能量，充電效率高減少能量消耗） 16 200843286 6·本發明提出由主控制器下達指令，關閉充電及放電開關，將功 能不良或故障之電池單體脫離，避免充電能量消耗於故障電池 單體，以及逆向充電產生過溫損害電池單體壽命之方法。（剔除 不良電池單體，減少能量損耗，延長電池壽命） 7·本發明中提出一個經由放電開關管理，可以在有限個數電池單 體故障或性能衰退之情形下維持正常運轉之電池管理方法。（剔 除不良電池單體，部分電池工作之下仍可使用） 8·本發明提出-個主裝置及從裝置均適用之通用型主從式串列通 时面電路及佈線設計。本介面電路於無資料傳送時，沒有電 力損耗。（通用型主從式串列通訊介面電路，省電） 主柄合驅動元件隔離，適用於串聯式及並聯式 題之傳輸電路設計。運用本提出之電路 一電池單體均可以不經任何額外電路，安裝於 糸、、此之任何位置，擔任主裝置或 、 構均適用） U從裝置。（弓早性組癌、，串並聯架 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一 圖二 圖三 圖四 圖五 圖六 係本發明智慧型錯酸電池組管理系統架構圖 係本發明電池控制器之感測單元及控制單元 係本發明電池控制器功能方塊圖 係本發明主從式架構隔離驅動/傳輸詳細電路 明主從式架構模組間傳輸線接線方式圖 二本發明线式隔離_/频電 他電池控制器接收之電路示意 m运，其 圖七··係本發明主從式隔離驅動/ 送，主控制器接收之電路示音、别中其他電池控制器傳 =:.，本發明自動組態建立程ΐ流程圖 回 係本發明定址式串列傳輪格式 圖十：係本發明主控制器主 、下％池群組輪流充電時序圖 200843286 圖十一：係本發明部份群組輪流充電時序圖 圖十二··係本發明充電電壓及開路端電壓示意圖 【主要元件符號說明】 (10)智慧型電池組 (11)控制器 (1Γ )主控制器 (111)微控單元 (112 )日寸間同步單元 (113)資料存取單元 (114)顯示單元 (115)驅動/隔離介面 (1151)光輕合裝置 (116)獨立通訊器 U1Ό智慧識別器 (12)鉛酸電池單體 (13)感測開關元件 (131)充電開關 (132)放電開關 (14)傳輸介面 (20)發電機 (30)穩壓器 18A controller (1) of the smart battery pack (1G) itself accepts the main controller, controls the charging switch to be turned on or off, and the other idle time continues to read the current, voltage and temperature of the battery cell from the analog converter. Controlling the crying during discharge (11) Continuously accumulating the total discharge amount and converting it into the cycle life of the battery. Root: Cycle life and battery temperature can be calculated. (4) The pool is allowed to charge (4) The highest open circuit voltage. When the battery cell is charged, the open circuit voltage of the battery does not exceed this limit. Extend the battery life. > Figure 12 is the relationship between the charging switch switching and the battery terminal voltage during the charging process of the present invention, the charging switch is activated, and the charging voltage is measured during charging; when the charging is stopped, if there is no current, the amount of voltage is Battery open circuit voltage. The main controller (11,) determines whether the battery cell is fully charged according to whether the open battery terminal voltage reaches the set value, and replies when the main controller asks. If the current is negative, the discharge current is measured. Unlike the charging, the charging current is partially converted into thermal energy dissipation. The discharge current is the energy released from the battery cells, reflecting the cycle life of the battery cells. The cycle life is the total amount of electricity accumulated after the battery is shipped from the factory, which is the main basis for evaluating the battery life. The main control monitors the discharge current at any time, accumulates the total discharge amount, and converts it into the cycle life. The cycle life and the current battery cell temperature determine the battery charge. The upper limit open circuit terminal voltage. The relevant parameters are stored in the memory of the micro control unit (m) 2 in the form of a look-up table. The control software obtains the upper limit of charging after checking the table, and as the charging cut-off determination, the charging can be effectively controlled without being affected by the use environment. The battery cell can reach the designed target cycle life. Red, the intelligent acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system of the present invention can achieve the following objectives and effects of 15 200843286, and is compatible with the novelty and progressive patent. Requirements: 1. In the invention, a smart acid-acid battery charge and discharge management system is proposed. The Donghui-type battery pack consists of a battery control unit, a data transmission interface, a charge and discharge control switch, and a sensing element and a wrong acid battery unit. The overall frame constitutes an elastic master-slave type. Intelligent Battery Management System _ System. (Architecture) '2. The present invention proposes an elastic self-slave intelligent battery tube for any number of devices, an automatic detection line device for the system, and a method for setting the device address. Elastic 芊 ) ) ) 馨 馨 馨 馨 本 本 本 本 本 本 本 本 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由 经由Actual charging efficiency, and detecting battery cells with poor energy storage. (Reducing generator power demand and detecting inaccurate) 4. In the present invention, a battery cell open circuit voltage is proposed to judge the battery charging method, and the method is The discharge current measurement calculates the cumulative battery cell cycle life, and converts the battery to the upper limit of the charging limit by using the battery cell as the parameter. As the basis for researching the battery charge during the charging process, the battery characteristic parameters required for the conversion calculation are arranged and stored in the flash memory of the micro control unit according to the battery characteristics used. (The open circuit voltage is used to judge the charging status. , the upper limit voltage is adjusted with temperature and cycle life) -, Wen Ke 5 · The present invention proposes a method for the charging cycle of the battery group to be charged by the main controller according to the status of each charging group. Balance the battery capacity during the charging process, improve the charging efficiency, effectively apply all the energy to the charging, solve the problem that the traditionally fully charged battery is bypassed, consumes energy and generates heat and affects the life of the battery unit. Method, fully use charging energy, high charging efficiency and reduce energy consumption) 16 200843286 6. The invention proposes that the main controller issues an instruction to turn off the charging and discharging switches, and detach the battery unit with poor function or fault, thereby avoiding charging energy consumption. Faulty battery cells, and reverse charging cause over-temperature damage to battery life The method. (Removing defective battery cells, reducing energy loss, and prolonging battery life) 7. In the present invention, a battery management method that is managed by a discharge switch and can maintain normal operation in a limited number of battery unit failures or performance degradation is proposed. (Removal of defective battery cells, some batteries can still be used under operation) 8. The present invention proposes a general-purpose master-slave serial time-to-face circuit and wiring design suitable for both a master device and a slave device. The interface circuit has no power loss when there is no data transmission. (Universal master-slave serial communication interface circuit, power saving) Main handle and drive element isolation, suitable for transmission circuit design of series and parallel problems. Using the circuit proposed in the present invention, a battery cell can be installed in any position without any additional circuitry, and can be used as a master device or a structure. (Bow early group cancer, series-parallel frame [simplified diagram] Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 is the intelligent acid-acid battery management system architecture diagram of the present invention The test unit and the control unit are the function diagrams of the battery controller of the present invention. The main and slave architecture isolation drive/transmission detailed circuit of the invention is the master-slave architecture module transmission line connection mode. The second invention is the line isolation _/frequency electric The circuit received by the battery controller indicates that it is a master-slave drive/send of the present invention, the circuit display received by the main controller, and other battery controllers are transmitted::, the automatic group of the present invention State of the art flow chart back to the present invention addressable serial transmission format Figure 10: The main controller of the present invention main and lower % pool group rotation charging timing diagram 200843286 Figure 11: The invention is part of the group in turn charging Timing diagram Figure 12··Chart diagram of charging voltage and open circuit voltage of the present invention [Description of main components] (10) Smart battery pack (11) Controller (1Γ) Main controller (111) Micro control unit (112) Day inch Inter-synchronization unit (113) data access unit (114) display unit (115) drive/isolation interface (1151) optical light-synthesis device (116) independent communicator U1 Ό smart recognizer (12) lead-acid battery cell (13) Sensing switching element (131) charging switch (132) discharging switch (14) transmission interface (20) generator (30) voltage regulator 18