200523436 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種自週遭空氣中將水份加以凝結而 加以收集的裝置及方法。此裝置在其至少一種型式中設有 一種用來產生供消耗性及其他用途使用之飮用水的裝置， 其在飮用水之供用受到限制的區域是特別有用的。 【先前技術】 在全世界的許多地區內，飮用淡水的供應是受到限制 的，迫使許多人在日常用途中使用並不合於該種用途的水 。事實上，許多的水源是受到污染的，而爲了能夠安全地 使用該種水，則必須要將該水加以煮沸或以其他方式加以 處理。 雖然遊艇及船舶在航行中會攜帶自身的水源供應，但 是除了雨水以外，並無法取得其他的淡水供應，因此常常 必須要限制每天的用水。同樣的，採礦公司、公路及鐵路 的修路工人，以及例如說以外地活動的軍事單位及小島上 的渡假中心等，通通都需要淡水。 除了維持生命以外，水當然還具有幾千種的用途。在 各種用途中，包括有洗滌及工業製程的使用。在水源供應 有限的區域或地區，其會需要能夠固定地取得淡水供應。 雖然水源可由雨水加以補充，但降水量通常會變化且不夠 用。此外，以固定的方式將淡水運送至遠地的成本也是相 當的可觀。 -5- 200523436 (2) 在歐洲專利第05 97 7 1 6號及美國專利第5,8 5 7,3 44號 中揭露用來將水份自周遭空氣中凝結出來的裝置。這兩種 裝置都包含有要配合電動馬達使用的冷卻系統，以便藉由 冷媒的壓縮而後膨脹來將周遭空氣加以冷卻，進而能將水 份自周遭空氣中加以凝結出來，以供收集。 美國專利第6,156,102號中揭露一種自周遭空氣中收 集水的裝置及方法，其包括有將空氣與吸濕溶液相接觸。 吸濕溶液會自空氣中吸取水氣。該水氣接著可自吸濕溶液 中蒸發出來，並加以集。水氣之蒸發係藉由加熱吸濕溶液 或是在真空中使水份蒸發來加以達成的。在美國專利第 6，3 3 6，9 5 7號中揭露一種類似的配置，其係將周遭空氣導 引至與吸附材料相接觸，以供將水氣自空氣中吸取出來， 而可對被吸取的水氣進行後續的分離及收集的作業。 【發明內容】 在本發明的一觀點中，其提供一種自周遭空氣中收集 水的方法，該方法包含有下列步驟： 提供至少一凝結表面，用來接觸該周遭空氣； 將一種氣體通入一個內含有由該氣體和自液態冷媒中 蒸發出來之冷媒蒸氣所構成的氣態混合物的封閉空間內， 以使得更多的冷媒蒸氣自該液態冷媒內蒸發進入至該封閉 空間內，因之而將熱量自該凝結表面抽取至該冷媒內’進 而將該凝結表面冷卻至周遭空氣內之水份的露點或低於該 露點； -6 - 200523436 (3) 將該氣態混合物自該封閉空間內流出； 將該冷卻過的凝結表面與該周遭空氣接觸，以將水份 自該周遭空氣中凝結至該凝結表面上；以及 收集該凝結水。 一般而言，此方法會進一步包含有將自該封閉空間流 出之氣態混合物內的冷媒蒸氣加以冷凝回液態冷媒，以將 該冷媒蒸氣與該氣體分離開，並將來自該氣態混合物內的 該氣體送回至該封閉空間，以供產生更多的氣態混合物， 並將自該氣態混合物冷凝出來的液態冷媒加以循環迴流。 最好，該氣態混合物會自該封閉空間流出而與一種液 態吸收劑接觸，其可自該氣態混合物內吸收該氣體，因之 而形成一種溶液，且該氣體會自該溶液內分離出來，以供 將該氣體送回至該封閉空間內，並將該液態吸收劑加以回 收，以供接觸更多的氣態混合物。 最好，該氣態混合物中冷凝出來的液態冷媒的循環迴 流係與該氣體之流入該封閉空間內及該氣態混合物之自該 封閉空間中流出與該液態吸收劑接觸是同時進行的，以使 得該凝結表面能以連續循環的方式來加以冷卻。 最好，在該氣體通入至該封閉空間內時，該液態冷媒 會受到攪動。更好的是，該液態冷媒的攪動係藉由該氣體 之氣泡穿過該液態冷媒而進入該封閉空間內的動作來達成 的。 最好此方法進一步包含有監測自該凝結表面流出之該 周遭空氣的溫度，並將該周遭空氣流至與該凝結表面接觸 -7- 200523436 (4) 時的流率調整至所需的流率，以促進水份自該周遭空氣中 凝結至該凝結表面上。 該周遭空氣係藉由與該凝結表面接觸而冷卻的，而該 冷卻過的周遭空氣係可用來將自該封閉空間內流出之氣態 混合物中的冷媒蒸氣加以冷卻，以促進該冷媒蒸氣之冷凝 回液態冷媒。最好，該氣態混合物係自該空間流至可供該 冷媒蒸氣進行冷凝的冷凝器內。 因此，此方法亦可包含有調整該周遭空氣自該該凝結 表面上流至該冷凝器的流率，以促進該冷媒蒸氣的冷凝。 而評估該周遭空氣自該凝結表面流出之流率是否需要加以 調整，以促進該冷媒蒸氣在冷凝器內的冷凝作用，則包含 有： 測量該冷凝器內的壓力； 測量該冷凝器內的溫度；以及 評估該測量得的壓力和該測量得的溫度。 在本發明的另一種觀點中，其提供一種用來自周遭空 氣中收集水的裝置，該裝置包含有： 至少一凝結表面，用來接觸該周遭空氣； 一蒸發器，用來接收液態冷媒，並構成一個供容納由 自液態冷媒中蒸發出來之冷媒蒸氣和一種氣體所構成的氣 態混合物的封閉空間； 一入口，開通至該蒸發器內，以供該氣體通入至該空 間內來使該液態冷媒進一步蒸發進入至該空間內，使其能 將熱量自該凝結表面抽取至該液態冷媒內，因之而使該凝 200523436 (5) 結表面冷卻至該周遭空氣內之水份的露點或低於該露點， 以使水份自該周遭空氣內凝結至該凝結表面上，而能收集 該水份；以及 一出口，可供該氣態混合物自該空間內流出。 最好此裝置進一步包含有一分離系統，用以將該氣態 混合物內的該氣體與冷媒分離開，並將該冷媒蒸氣冷凝回 液態冷媒，以供將該氣體送回至該蒸發器內的封閉空間內 ，並將該液態冷媒加以回收。 最好，該分離系統包含有一冷凝器，用以接收來自該 蒸發器的氣態混合物，並將該氣態混合物內的冷媒蒸氣加 以冷凝回液態冷媒，該冷凝器係可用來接收液態吸收劑， 並可增進該氣態混合物與該液態吸收劑的接觸，以將該氣 體吸收至該液態吸收劑內而形成一種溶液，因之而將該氣 體自該冷媒蒸氣中分離出來。 在使用上，最好該冷凝器包含有一液浴，其具有一層 液態冷媒和一層該溶液，且該冷凝器係可用來接收該氣態 混合物，以使該氣態混合物與該液態吸收劑接觸而形成該 溶液，而後讓該溶液進入至該液浴內。一般而言，該液態 冷媒具有較該溶液爲低的密度，且該溶液可自該層液態冷 媒內分離開而進入至該層溶液內。 最好該冷凝器會進一步包含有一混合器單元，設置在 該冷凝器內，以供接收該液態吸收劑，其中該混合器單元 係可在該混合器單元之表面上形成液態吸收劑流，以增進 該氣體與該液態吸收劑的接觸。 -9- 200523436 (6) 一般而言，該混合器單元會具有一開放的井，用以接 收該液態吸收劑，並可提供自該井溢流出之液態吸收劑沿 著混合器單元表面向下流的液態吸收劑流。 最好該混合器單元會在該液態吸收劑沿著該混合器單 元表面向下流動時，在該液態吸收劑內形成擾流，以增進 該氣體被該液態吸收劑吸收。 最好該混合器單元係裝置於設在冷凝器內的水平自由 環上，以將該混合器單元維持在大致上直立的位置上。 最好該分離系統進一步包含有一分離槽，用以讓該氣 體自該液態吸收劑蒸發出來，該分離槽包含有： 一殼體； 一入口，可供該液態吸收劑流入該殼體內，該氣體係 在該殼體內自該液態吸收劑內蒸發出來；以及 一出口，用以將自該液態吸收劑內蒸發出來的氣體加 以送回至蒸發器內。 該儲存槽一般係可供加以加熱的，以促進該氣體之自 液態吸收劑內蒸發出來。 最好該分離系統進一步包含有一泵浦系統，用以將該 液態吸收劑升高至一高升位置，以讓該液態吸收劑能流入 至該冷凝器內來與更多來自該蒸發器的氣態混合物相接觸 ，該泵浦系統包含有： 一加熱槽，用以接收該液態吸收劑，並可被加熱，以 迫使該液態吸收劑離開該加熱槽； 一升管，可在該加熱槽被加熱時，接收來自該加熱槽 -10- 200523436 (7) 的液態吸收劑；以及 一收集槽，設置在該升高位置處，而該管則開通至其 內，以供收集該液態吸收劑之用，該收集槽係可供該液態 吸收劑自該收集槽流至該冷凝器內。 最好該收集槽具有第一出口，可供該液態吸收劑自該 收集槽流至該冷凝器，一內部空間，用以接收沿著該升管 移動的該氣體和自該液態吸收劑蒸發出來之吸收劑蒸氣， 以及另一出口，用以供自該液態吸收劑中分離出來的氣體 自該收集槽流至該蒸發器內。 最好該收集槽的第一出口係開通至導管內，以供將該 液態吸收劑導引至該冷凝器內，其中該導管係穿過該分離 槽，以供與來自該冷凝器的該溶液進行熱交換。 最好，該收集槽的該另一出口係開通至一條連通該分 離槽第一出口至該蒸發器的通路上。該通路係具有所需之 傾斜區域，以供攔留在該通路內自吸收劑蒸氣冷凝出來的 液態吸收劑，並將該冷凝出來的液態吸收劑排放至該分離 槽內。 最好此裝置亦包含有一熱交換器，以供在該氣態混合 物自該蒸發器內之空間流至該冷凝器而該氣體自該分離系 統流至該蒸發器內時，在該氣態混合物與氣體之間進行熱 交換。一般而言，此熱交換器通常亦可用來接收該冷凝的 冷媒，以供在該冷凝的冷媒自該冷凝器流至該蒸發器時， 與該氣態混合物和該氣體進行熱交換。 此外，此裝置最好能包含有一外殼，包覆著該冷凝器 -11 - 200523436 (8) 和該蒸發器，以供將該周遭空氣自該蒸發器導引至 凝器接觸。最好設有一風扇，以使該周遭空氣自該 外部流通穿過該外殼。更好的是，該凝結表面通常 成相對於水平呈一角度，以有助於凝結水的收集。 通常是在約30°C至約60t的範圍內，且最好是自ί 至約5 0 °C。 最好此裝置進一步包含有一控制系統，用以控 遭空氣與該凝結表面接觸的流率，該控制系統包含 一溫度感測器，用以決定自該蒸發器流至該冷 周遭空氣的溫度；以及 一控制模組，用以監測由該溫度感測器所決定 ，並調整流至與該凝結表面接觸之周遭空氣的流率 進水份自該周遭空氣內凝結至該凝結表面上。 也最好該控制系統進一步包含有一可調的空氣 ，係可作動來將該周遭空氣自該蒸發器流至該冷凝 率相對於該周遭空氣流至與該凝結表面接觸的流率 整，以改變該冷凝器內的溫度和壓力，進而促進冷 的冷凝。 最好的是，該控制系統會包含有另一溫度感測 以測量該冷凝器內的溫度，以及一壓力感測器，用 該冷凝器內的壓力，其中該控制模組係可用來評估 溫度感測器所測得的溫度和該壓力感測器所測得的 並可操控該可調的空氣進氣口，以改變該周遭空氣 冷凝器的流率。 與該冷 外殼的 是安排 該角度 ^ 4 0°C 制該周 有： 凝器的 的溫度 ，以促 進氣口 器的流 加以調 媒蒸氣 器，用 以測量 該另一 壓力， 流至該 -12- 200523436 (9) 最好該開通至該蒸發器內的入口係位可使該氣體形成 氣泡，穿過該液態冷媒而進入至蒸發器的封閉空間內。使 該氣體形成氣泡穿過該液態冷媒可攪動該液態冷媒而增加 熱量自該周遭空氣傳遞至該液態冷媒內。 在本發明的再另一觀點中，其提供一種可使水自周遭 空氣中凝結出來的蒸發器，該蒸發器包含有： 至少一凝結表面，用來接觸該周遭空氣； 一殼體，用來接收液態冷媒，並具有一個可供容納由 自液態冷媒中蒸發出來之冷媒蒸氣和一種氣體所構成的氣 態混合物的內部封閉空間； 一入口，可供該氣體通入至該空間內來使該液態冷媒 進一步蒸發進入至該封閉空間內，以將熱量自該凝結表面 抽取至該液態冷媒內，因之而使該凝結表面冷卻至該周遭 空氣內之水份的露點或低於該露點，以使水份自該周遭空 氣內凝結至該凝結表面上，而能收集該水份；以及 一出口，可供該氣態混合物自該封閉空間內流出。 最好該凝結表面或每一凝結表面均爲一冷卻鰭片的表 面，而該蒸發器的殼體則包含有： 一上方區域，用來接收由該氣體和該冷媒蒸氣所構成 的氣態混合物； 一下方區域，係至少部份塡充以該液態冷媒，且係與 該上方區域分隔開； 至少一導管，其一端係開通至該殼體的上方區域內， 而其另一端則開通至該下方區域內； -13- 200523436 (10) 其中該冷卻鰭片或每一冷卻鰭片均係設置在該上方區 域與該下方區域之間，以供與該周遭空氣接觸。 一般而言，其會有多個冷卻鰭片，互相分隔開，並配 置成一個接著一個，以供與該周遭空氣接觸。 在再另一觀點中，其提供一種用來將氣態混合物內之 一種氣體自一種冷媒蒸氣中分離出來的方法，該方法包含 有下列步驟： 提供一冷凝器，其可將該冷媒蒸氣加以冷凝成液態冷 媒，該冷凝器包覆著一混合器單元，其可接收一種用來吸 收該氣體的液態吸收劑，且其可增進該液態吸收劑與該氣 態混合物的接觸； 將該氣態混合物通入至該冷凝器內，以進行該冷媒蒸 氣的冷凝；以及 將該液態吸收劑通入至該混合器單元內，以使得該液 態吸收劑與該氣態混合物接觸，因之而使該氣體被吸收至 該液態吸收劑內，形成一種由該液態吸收劑和該氣體所構 成的溶液。 在再另一觀點中，其提供一種用來將氣態混合物內之 一種氣體自一種冷媒蒸氣中分離出來的冷凝器，該冷凝器 包含有： 一殼體，用來接收該氣態混合物，並可將該冷媒蒸氣 加以冷凝成液態冷媒；以及 一混合器單元，設置在該殼體內，以供接收液態吸收 劑，其可吸收該氣體而形成一種由該氣體和該液態吸收劑 -14- 200523436 (11) 所構成的溶液，該混合器單元係可增進該氣態混合物與該 液態吸收劑的接觸。 在本發明的再另一觀點中，其提供一種混合器單元， 可用來將一種氣體與一種液態吸收劑加以混合，該液態吸 收劑係用來將該氣體自由該氣體和冷媒蒸氣所構成之氣態 混合物中加以吸收出來而將該氣體與該冷媒蒸氣加以分離 開，該混合器單元包含有： 一混合器本體，用以接收該液態吸收劑，並增進該氣 態混合物與該用來吸收氣體的液態吸收劑的接觸，該混合 器本體係可增進該氣態混合物與該液態吸收劑的接觸。 將水自周遭空氣中凝結出來可提供一種在淡水缺乏或 因其他因素而不可得的遠地或外地處補充淡水或儲存水源 的方法，並可以減低對於將水運送至該等處所的依賴或需 求。同樣的，在諸如艦艇或船舶在航行時需要攜帶水源供 應時，將水自周遭空氣中凝結出來的作法可提供航程中的 另一種水源，並可因之而減低對於儲存水的依賴。事實上 ，藉由將水自周遭空氣中凝結出來，其將可以減少攜帶水 的儲量。此外’將水自空氣中凝結出來可提供水質的確定 性，因之而可在某些地區內’因對於現有水源水質有所懷 疑或已知所可取得之水的已受污染’或因其他因素而不適 合其所需的水的用途時，提供水的來源。因此，本發明的 一個或多個實施例在許實際情形中均可有其用途。 此外，在本文中所述的裝置運轉過程中，由於當冷媒 蒸氣冷凝時，周遭空氣會被冷卻’並會產生熱量’因此該 -15- 200523436 (12) 被冷卻的周遭空氣及所產生的熱量可分別用來供一般的冷 卻及加熱之用。 因此，在本發明的再另一觀點中，其提供一種可在一 裝置運轉中由該裝置提供加熱作用的方法，該方法包含有 下列步驟： 將一種氣體通入至一個內含有由該氣體和自液態冷媒 中蒸發出來之冷媒蒸氣所構成之氣態混合物的封閉空間內 ，以使得更多的冷媒蒸氣自該液態冷媒內蒸發進入至該封 閉空間內； 將該氣態混合物自該封閉空間流通至一冷凝器，以供 將該氣態混合物內的冷媒蒸氣加以冷凝回液態冷媒； 將來自該氣態混合物內的該氣體送回至該封閉空間內 將自該氣態混合物內冷凝出來的液態冷媒加以循環迴 流，以供蒸發進入至該封閉空間內；以及 將熱量自該冷凝器內抽走，以供應出該熱量。 在本發明的再另一觀點中，其提供一種可在一裝置運 轉中由該裝置提供冷卻作用的方法，該方法包含有下列步 驟： 提供至少一冷卻表面，用以與周遭空氣接觸； 將一種氣體通入至一個內含有由該氣體和自液態冷媒 中蒸發出來之冷媒蒸氣所構成之氣態混合物的封閉空間內 ，以使得更多的冷媒蒸氣自該液態冷媒內蒸發進入至該封 閉空間內，因之而將熱量自該冷卻表面抽取至該液態冷媒 -16- 200523436 (13) 內，以冷卻該冷卻表面； 將該氣態混合物自該封閉空間流出； 使該冷卻過的冷卻表面與周遭空氣接觸，以對該周遭 空氣進行冷卻；以及 使用該冷卻過的周遭空氣來提供冷卻作用。 用來提供該等加熱及/或冷卻作用的裝置亦包含在本 發明內。可以瞭解到，並不需要將設置用來做一般加熱及 冷卻之用的裝置內的凝結/冷卻表面加以冷卻至周遭空氣 的露點，或低於該露點。也就是說，其加熱及冷卻作用可 以在不自周遭空氣內收集水份的情形下達成。 在此說明書內，其可瞭解到，“包含”一詞，或其變 化，例如“包含有”或“包含著”等，係意指包括著某一 述及之元件、整體或步驟，或是元件、整體或步驟的組群 ，但是並不排除任何其他的元件、整體或步驟，或是元件 、整體或步驟的組群。 本發明的特點和優點將可在閱讀過下面有關於本發明 較佳實施例的說明及所附圖式，而更淸楚得知。 【實施方式】 第1圖中的裝置2包含有一蒸發器4，內含有異丁烷 (R600a )，可供將蒸發器加以冷卻至流經此運轉中之蒸 發器的周遭空氣內含水份的露點或更低的溫度。簡單地說 ’此蒸發器的冷卻係藉由將諸如氨氣之類對於冷媒爲惰性 的氣體通入至蒸發器的頂隙內。這可降低頂隙內冷媒蒸氣 -17- 200523436 (14) 的分壓，因之而使冷媒進一步自液態冷媒蒸發進入至頂隙 內。如此在頂隙內所得到之包含有該氣體和冷媒蒸氣在內 的氣態混合物可自該蒸發器流出，而該氣體及冷媒蒸氣也 會被分離開。分離開的冷媒蒸氣會被加以冷凝，而該氣體 及冷凝後的液態冷媒則會在後續的循環中迴流至該蒸發器 4內。 如第2圖中更淸楚顯現的，來自蒸發器4的氣態混合 物會流通過冷凝器6，因爲蒸發器和冷凝器間具有壓力差 之故。該氣體之自冷媒蒸氣上分離開是在冷凝器內進行的 ，係藉由將氣態混合物內的該氣體與輸入至冷凝器內的液 態吸收劑加以接觸而達成的。該氣體會被液態吸收劑加以 吸收而形成一種溶液，其會自冷凝器流通至分離槽內，以 供將該氣體自該溶液內分離出來，而後再將該氣體送回至 蒸發器內。自該溶液內分離出來的液態吸收劑則由以參考 編號8和1 0加以標示的泵浦系統加以循環迴流至冷凝器 內，以供再將該氣體自由蒸發器流至冷凝器內的氣態混合 物內加以分離出來。 如第3圖中示意顯示的，蒸發器4包含有一殼體12 ，具有一下方腔室1 4，可透過多列分隔開之管狀管路1 8 而與蒸發器的頂隙1 6做流體連通。蒸發器4內塡充以液 態的異丁烷冷媒2 8，除了蒸發器的頂隙1 6。該等管路之 間的空隙2 0可做爲周遭空氣自冷卻鰭片2 2上方流通過蒸 發器的通路。每一鰭片2 2的上方側2 2 a和下方側2 2 b均 設有冷卻表面，用以將水份自周遭空氣中凝結出來。蒸發 -18- 200523436 (15) 器及鰭片22係安排成相對於水平呈45°角’以 的水能自鰭片上流走而落入至包覆著蒸發器和冷 殼24上的傾斜表面上，其可將水導引至溢流插I 供收集之，如第2圖中所示。 該氣體3 0，在此例中爲氨氣，係以氣泡的 在蒸發器下方腔室14內所配置之擴散器32型式 由液態冷媒冒出。氨氣會通過管路1 8向上進入 的頂隙1 6內，而在該處與自下方之液態冷媒內 的冷媒蒸氣相混合。氨氣進入至頂隙內會使冷媒 壓減低。這會使得冷媒進一步自蒸發器內液態冷 出來。結果將會將熱量自該等冷卻鰭片22上吸 冷媒內，而該等鰭片則接著冷卻流經其上的周遭 蒸發器的頂隙1 6內設有出口 3 4，該氣態混 由之而通過輸送管路36流至冷凝器6內。輸送， 透過入口 40而開通至冷凝器的上方區域38內。 係部份塡充以一液浴，其係位在冷凝器的下方區 ，包含有一層液態冷媒2 8疊覆在一層由水和溶 所組成的溶液42上。混合器單元44由固著在冷 上之雙軸心水平自由環46加以懸掛在冷凝器的 內。此水平自由環可確保在該裝置2所設置的地 平時，該混合器單元仍能保持於直立位置上。 在混合器單元的上方末端處設有一井48, 來自位在冷凝器上方區域38內的另一入口 52的 劑5 0。此液態吸收劑含有水份，其內包含有溶 使得凝結 凝器的外 彐26，以 型式自位 的入口經 至蒸發器 蒸發出來 蒸氣的分 媒中蒸發 收至液態 空氣。 合物可經 ί路3 6係 冷凝器6 域43內 解的氨氣 凝器壁部 上方區域 面不是水 用以接收 液態吸收 解的氨氣 - 19- 200523436 (16) ’其濃度係遠低於位在冷凝器下方區域內的溶液42。此 液態吸收劑5 0會自該井的周緣5 4溢流出，而沿著混合器 單元的外側周邊表面5 6向下流，而後落入至該液浴的液 態冷媒層2 8內。 當液態吸收劑在重力的作用下而沿著混合器單元外側 周邊表面向下移動時，其會接觸到自蒸發器進入至冷凝器 內的氣態混合物，並自該氣態混合物內吸收氨氣。如第5 圖中所示，該混合器單元上設有多個分隔開的環周突脊 5 8，其等係形成爲環繞著該混合器單元的環繞形環圈。該 等環圈可在沿著混合器單元向下流動的液態吸收劑通過每 一環圈時’在該液態吸收劑流內造成擾流。此擾流可有助 於該液態吸收劑與來自蒸發器之氣態混合物內的氨氣相混 合，因之而能將氨氣吸收於液態吸收劑內。該混合器單元 自截面B-B所取的剖面圖是顯示在第6圖內。如所看到的 ，該液態吸收劑會經由入口 5 2的孔洞6 0而落入至井4 8 的中心處。 回到第3圖，液態吸收劑和所溶解的氨氣具有較液態 冷媒爲高的密度，因此會自液態冷媒層下沉至位在冷凝器 之下方區域4 3內的溶液4 2內。 溶液42會自冷凝器流通過輸送管路62而經由入口 66進入至分離槽64內。儲存槽64係部份塡充以液態吸 收劑和所溶解之氨氣組成的溶液，並具有一內部頂隙6 8 ，其內充滿來自該溶液的蒸氣，更詳細地說，即爲氨氣及 水蒸汽。在使用上，該分離槽會被加熱’以迫使自冷凝器 -20- 200523436 (17) 內進入的該溶液內的大部份氨氣蒸發進入至分離槽的內 頂隙6 8內。 在分離槽內設有出口 70，可供較稀的溶液4 1經由 而通過輸送管路7 4流入至泵浦系統的加熱槽7 2內。加 槽7 2係被加熱至足夠的溫度，一般是該較稀溶液的沸 ，以迫使該較稀溶液向上通過升管76進入至收集槽78 。在加熱過的溶液沿著升管76向上“滲浸”時，水蒸 及氨氣會自該溶液中蒸發出來，形成氣體囊泡，其會隨 該溶液的移動而沿著升管向上移動進入至收集槽7 8內 因此，與進入至分離槽內之溶液4 2及自儲存槽流通至 熱槽內的溶液等相比較下，進入至收集槽內的溶液具有 低濃度的溶解氨氣。 在進入至收集槽7 8內後，該溶液會循環迴流至冷 器6內，以做爲液態吸收劑5 0，再度用來吸收由蒸發器 之頂隙1 6通過輸送管路3 6流入至冷凝器6內的氣態混 物內的氨氣。 更進一步地說，如第3圖中所示，離開升管76的 態吸收劑5 0會聚集在收集槽7 8內，並經由回收管8 0 向下移動，而該管係以一種與入口 6 6呈熱交換關係的 式貫穿過分離槽64內的溶液42，以供與自冷凝器進入 分離槽內的溶液進行熱交換。該回收管8 0可將液態吸 劑自該儲存槽處導引至冷凝器的入口 52。 輸送管路82可將自升管76進入至收集槽內的氨氣 水蒸汽加以輸送至共用輸送管路84內，其一末端係經 部 之 熱 點 內 汽 著 〇 加 較 凝 4 合 液 而 方 至 收 和 由 -21 - 200523436 (18) 出口 86而開通至分離槽的頂隙68內。該共用輸送管路 8 4的另一側末端係開通至設在蒸發器4內的擴散器3 2內 ，以供將氨氣送回至蒸發器的頂隙丨6內。此共用輸送管 路8 4具有一傾斜段8 8，用以攔留隨著氨氣自收集槽7 8 和分離槽64進入的水蒸汽在共用輸送管路內凝結成的水 份，並將凝結水導引回到儲存槽內。 如第3圖中所示，共用輸送管路84通過熱交換器90 ，其係構成用來將氣態混合物自蒸發器4之頂隙1 6輸送 至冷凝器6的輸送管路3 6的一部份。另一個用來將冷凝 後的冷媒28自冷凝器回收至蒸發器4之下方腔室14內的 輸送管路92亦通過該熱交換器90，並以一種與該共用輸 送管路84呈熱交換的關係自該熱交換器90處持續延伸至 蒸發器4的下方腔室14內。可以瞭解到，此熱交換器9 0 可有助於熱交換器內之氣態混合物與輸送管路92內之冷 媒及共用輸送管路9 4內之氨氣間的熱交換。同樣的，共 用輸送管路88與輸送管路92間自熱交換器90延伸至蒸 發器4的邊靠邊的配置方式可使得輸送管路92內之冷媒 與共用輸送管路內之氨氣間能進行熱交換。 如前所述，蒸發器4和冷凝器6係包覆在外殼24內 。如第7圖中最淸楚顯示的，此外殼24具有一個主要空 氣進氣口 96，以及一風扇98，配置在出口 100處，用以 將周遭空氣自外界大氣中經由該主要空氣進氣口抽取進該 外殼內。該周遭空氣會流經該蒸發器而與冷卻鰭片2 2接 觸，使得水份自空氣中凝結於鰭片22上，而後再與冷凝 -22- 200523436 (19) 器6的殼體94接觸。當冷卻過的空氣通過冷凝器的殼體 時，熱量即會被自該殼體上抽離開。冷凝器上方區域內的 冷媒蒸氣和其下方的液態冷媒即會因之而受到冷卻。 爲能有效率地運作，周遭空氣通過外殻24的流率係 調整成能使流經蒸發器之每一單位體積周遭空氣能具有最 佳的水份凝結效果，同時仍維持足量之流經冷凝器的空氣 流，以供將熱量自冷凝器傳遞至周遭空氣內，而將冷凝器 內的冷媒蒸氣加以冷凝。如所瞭解的，此一裝置係運作成 能使冷卻鰭片能在不將凝結水加以凝固的情形下進行充份 地冷卻。 對於任何給定的一般大氣條件而言，其均具有一比濕 値，係以每公斤空氣中的水蒸汽公克數來加以度量。例如 說，每公斤空氣中具有4.5至6公克水氣的比濕係對應於 It和6.5 t之間的乾球溫度。在使用上，此裝置係運轉成 能使經由冷卻鰭片22之凝結表面流通過的周遭空氣的比 濕値降低至相當於某一特別選定之乾球溫度或溫度範圍的 比濕値。 進一步地說，風扇9 8起初是以最大速度運轉，以產 生流經過外殼24的最大空氣流，而進入至蒸發器內的周 遭空氣的露點則是由感測器1 02加以決定。此感測器係設 置成能在進入至蒸發器內的空氣被冷卻鰭片22加以冷卻 時，被該周遭空氣加以逐漸地冷卻。當周遭空氣在感測器 1 02上產生凝結時，該感測器1 02會短路，而指示出該周 遭空氣的露點。此溫度會在控制模組1 06內與由溫度感測 -23- 200523436 (20) 器1 04針對離開蒸發器之空氣所測量到的乾球溫度相比較 。如果溫度感測益1 0 4所測量到的溫度是高於感測器1 〇 2 所決定的周遭空氣內之水份的露點的話，則風扇的速度會 在控制模組1 0 6的指不下逐步地減低，以降低周遭空氣流 經蒸發描:的流率。迨會一直持繪下去，直到周遭空氣的溫 度降低至周遭空氣內之水份的露點，進而使水份凝結在冷 卻鰭片22上。 一旦流經蒸發器4的周遭空氣達到最佳流率，冷凝器 6內冷凝後的冷媒2 8的溫度將會被另一溫度感測器i i 2 加以測量，並在控制模組1 〇 6內與壓力感測器1 1 4所測得 之冷凝器上方區域3 8內的總壓力相比較。由於冷凝器上 方區域內的壓力會隨著環境條件而改變，冷凝器內會有可 以達成冷媒蒸氣最佳凝結效果的溫度和壓力條件。 由溫度感測器1 1 2和壓力感測器1 1 4所測得的溫度和 壓力將會在控制模組1 〇6內加以比較，而此控制模組將會 決定是否已達到冷媒蒸氣的最佳凝結條件。如果控制模組 認爲冷凝器內的溫度對於冷媒蒸氣的凝結而言太高的話’ 則風扇9 8的速度將會在控制模組的指示逐步地增加。這 會增加自蒸發器流至冷凝器之冷卻過的周遭空氣的流率’ 使得熱量由該周遭空氣加以進一步地自冷凝器的殼體上移 除，而冷凝器內的溫度將可逐步地降低。風扇的速度會持 續增加，直到冷凝器內的溫度達到可使得冷媒蒸氣凝結爲 止。 在一般約1至2分鐘的短時間延遲之後，進入至蒸發 -24- 200523436 (21) 器內的周遭空氣的露點和離開蒸發器之周遭空氣的乾球溫 度將由溫度感測器1 02和1 04再次加以測量，而這些溫度 也會在控制模組內加以比較。如果溫度感測器1 04所測得 的溫度上升至高於水的露點的話，則設置在外殼24之下 方區域內而具有鉸接式旁通擋板108之形式的空氣進氣口 將會由受控制模組加以操控的致動器1 1 〇開啓至少某一有 限的程度。此旁通擋板1 08的開啓將可使以箭號標示的未 經冷卻的周遭空氣經由此另一空氣進氣口流入外殼內而與 冷凝器接觸。這可將流經蒸發器之周遭空氣的流率減低至 可以將周遭空氣冷卻至該周遭空氣內水份之露點的流率， 而同時仍能保持或增大流通過冷凝器之周遭空氣的流率。 控制模組1 〇 6會持續地監控由溫度感測器1 0 2和1 0 4 所測量到之流經該外殼的周遭空氣之空氣流溫度，以及由 壓力感測器1 1 4和溫度感測器1 1 2所測量到之冷凝器內液 態冷媒的溫度和冷凝器上方區域內的總壓力，並依所需而 因應環境條件之改變而調整擋板1 〇 8的位置和風扇9 8的 速度，以供將水份持續地自周遭空氣內凝結於冷卻鰭片 22上，並冷凝冷凝器6內的冷媒蒸氣。此監測循環會在 固定的間隔內重覆進行，以確保此裝置的最佳效率，因之 而能使水份之自周遭空氣內生成成爲最大化。用來啓動該 監測循環作業的時序電路亦是設置於該控制模組內的。此 控制電路是屬於熟知技藝者之領域內者。 本發明之另一種用來自周遭空氣內收集水的裝置是示 意地顯示在第8圖內。此裝置與第3圖中所示者不同之處 -25- 200523436 (22) 在於包含有加熱槽7 2和收集槽7 8的泵浦系統是位在分離 槽64的前方。更詳細地說，來自冷凝器6的溶液42會直 接流入至加熱槽7 2內，在該處其將被加熱而將其內所溶 解的氨氣自液態吸收劑內分離出來。如前所述，當加熱過 的溶液42沿著升管76向上“滲浸”時，水蒸汽和氨氣會 自該溶液內蒸發出來而形成氣體囊泡，其會沿著升管而向 上移動至收集槽內。如同第3圖中的實施例一樣，收集在 收集槽內的液態吸收劑5 0會沿著回收管8 0而送回至冷凝 器6內，以供與來自蒸發器4的其他氣態混合物接觸。但 是，不同於第3圖實施例中分離開的氣體被送回至蒸發器 的擴散器3 2內的情形，在此分離出來的氨氣將會通過輸 送管路82而送入至冷凝器的上方區域38內。這可使得自 進入蒸發器內之液態吸收劑內蒸發出來的水蒸汽的通路減 至最短。 自加熱槽72流通至分離槽內的液態吸收劑和殘餘下 來之溶解氨氣所構成的溶液會如同前述般在分離槽6 4內 被加熱，以使氨氣蒸發而將該氣體經由輸送管路8 4而送 回至蒸發器的擴散器3 2內。 如第8圖中另外顯示出來的，此裝置亦包含有一水回 送系統1 1 6，用以將累積在蒸發器4內的水送回至冷凝器 6內。此水回送系統包含有一浮子閥，其設有一球形浮子 118，位在儲存筒120內，該儲存筒係透過輸送導管122 而開通至蒸發器內。該球形浮子1 1 8正常是抵靠於排水導 管1 2 6的開口末端1 2 4上，而將該排水導管加以關閉住。 -26- 200523436 (23) 一壓力平衡導管（未顯示）連通於該儲存筒中位在球形浮 子1 1 8上方的上方區域與該儲存筒中位在球形浮子下方的 下方區域之間。水的密度是大於冷媒，因此會下沉至儲存 筒的底部。球形浮子的密度係會使其無法在冷媒內浮起， 但可在水中浮起。在有足量之水累積在儲存筒1 20底部時 ，球形浮子會自排水導管1 26處向上升高，以使水得以流 入至排水導管內，進而流至水回送加熱槽1 2 8，直到儲存 筒內的水位降低至使球形浮子回到其正常位置而密閉住排 水導管的開口末端1 24，以防止液態冷媒自蒸發器內逃離 〇 在使用上，水回送加熱槽1 2 8會被電元件加以加熱， 以迫使水份沿著水回送管路1 3 0向上滲浸，其將會淸空而 進入至冷凝器6內。可以瞭解的，自蒸發器內聚集至儲存 筒1 2 0內的水會含有一定量的溶解氨氣。也可以瞭解到， 第3圖中所示的裝置也可以設置水回送系統1 1 6。 在第9圖至第11圖中顯示出第8圖中之裝置的控制 系統的運作流程圖。在此控制系統內，其省略掉溫度感測 器102，且係將與蒸發器之冷卻鰭片22相接觸的周遭空 氣的流動加以變化成爲能將由溫度感測器1 〇 4所測得的溫 度維持在一個位在4 °C至5 °C之範圍內的溫度。在此裝置 運轉開始之時，水槽]2 8、分離槽64和加熱槽72之每一 者內的溶液均會被各自的電加熱元件加以加熱至90 °C至 9 5 °C。旁通擋板1 〇 8會位在關閉位置，而風扇9 8則以最 大速度運轉。溫度感測器1 0 4所測得的溫度將會以大約2 -27- 200523436 (24) 分鐘間隔來加以測量，並以1 〇%的增量來改變風扇的速度 ，或是開啓旁通擋板1 〇 8，直到該溫度感測器所測得的溫 度位於該自4 °c至5 °c的範圍內。如果在進一步監測下， 所測得的溫度降低至低於4 °C，則旁通擋板1 〇 8將會全開 ，而分離槽64內之溶液的加熱將會以1 〇%的增量加以減 低，其係相當於每一次降低約9 °C。這可將氨氣自分離槽 內之溶液內蒸發出來的速率加以降低’因之而減少經由蒸 發器4之擴散器32而送回至蒸發器內的氨氣量，進而使 得冷卻鰭片22的溫度上升。另外，風扇98的速度亦可增 加，使得溫度感測器1 〇4所測得的溫度升高。 冷凝之液態冷媒的溫度和冷凝器6內之壓力係分別由 溫度感測器1 1 2和壓力感測器1 1 4在每隔約2分鐘的間隔 加以監測的。如果所測定的壓力和溫度並未在可使冷媒蒸 氣在冷凝器產生凝結的預定位準上的話’則風扇的速度會 以10 %的增量增加，或者另一種方式是將分離槽64內之 溶液的加熱以1 〇 %增量加以減低，直到溫度感測器1 1 2和 壓力感測器1 1 4所測得的溫度和壓力均低於預定的位準爲 止。對於第3圖和第8圖中之實施例內所用的氨氣和異丁 烷冷媒的混合物而言，冷凝器內的壓力要大致上維持低於 4 3 2 k P a，而冷凝的液態冷媒的溫度則要大致維持低於4 〇 冷凝器。C。但是，可以瞭解到’在使用不同於氨氣和異丁 烷冷媒的系統氣體和冷媒的情形下’其會需要有不同的溫 度和壓力設定値。 用來驅動實施本發明之實施例內的電零組件運轉的電 -28- 200523436 (25) 力，例如風扇9 8，最好是由幹線電力供應的。但是，此 裝置亦可設有由光伏打電池陣列構成的太陽能板，以供供 應能滿足於此裝置之整體能量需求的足量電力，包括所有 的加熱需求和驅動風扇98和控制模組1 06所需。在此例 中，此裝置一般亦會設置一個或多個充電電池和一個使用 太陽能板所產生之電能來對該一或多個電池加以充電的充 電電路。此等充電系統係此技藝中所熟知的。 另一種方式是使用具有用來追蹤太陽熱之追蹤機構的 太陽能加熱裝置1 3 2，例如第1 2圖和第1 3圖中所示之型 式者，用來對本發明的水冷凝器裝置加以加熱。此追蹤機 構包含有一平衡器1 3 3，其上設有一拋物線反射器1 3 6。 此平衡器包含有一框架，樞接至腳架1 3 8上。此框架包含 有其內大約塡裝有一半諸如氟氯烷之類液態冷媒的中空的 側邊筒槽1 40，以及相對的末端構件1 42。該等筒槽的內 部係透過中空輸送管144的通路而互相連接在一起。遮陰 板1 46沿著每一側邊筒槽設置，以供將相關的筒槽遮掩於 其後。每一遮陰板前側的反射表面均可在筒槽面對著太陽 時，將熱反射至相關的筒槽內。 側邊筒槽1 4 0係配置成可使其在使用時，該等筒槽中 的第一個曝露於太陽中的程度大於該等筒槽中的第二個。 當第一筒槽被太陽加熱時，該筒槽內的壓力會增加而在該 等筒槽之間形成壓力差，氟氯烷將會逐漸地自第一筒槽經 由該輸送管144而流入至另一者內。當氟氯烷流入至第二 筒槽內時’第二筒槽的重量將會成爲較第一個爲重，使得 -29- 200523436 (26) 該平衡器的框架繞著樞銷1 3 4轉動，而反射器則會以大致 上和太陽之移動同步的方式沿著向西的方向移動。 如第13圖中較淸楚顯示的，可撓驅動軸150會隨著 該框架之繞樞銷的轉動而繞其自身的縱長向軸線轉動。更 詳細地說，該驅動軸1 5 0的一端係繞著樞銷1 3 4固定住的 ，並在另一端上設置著反射器136。驅動軸150的該另一 端係設置成大致上與要被加熱之水冷凝器裝置的零組件的 縱長向軸線同心。反射器1 3 6因此可以隨著驅動軸1 5 0的 轉動而繞著該要被加熱的零組件轉動。 反射器1 3 6的後方反射表面1 4 8係相對於驅動軸之旋 轉軸線呈傾斜狀。由於該後方反射表面的傾斜之故，反射 器的焦距會自反射器頂端變化至反射器底端。這可使得該 反射器能夠在一整天中太陽位在不同位置上時，將入射至 反射器上的陽光聚焦至要加以加熱的零組件上。該要加以 加熱之零組件可以例如說包含有該分離槽64、加熱槽72 ，或者水回送加熱槽1 2 8。另一種方式是，可以加熱這些 之一者或多者的組合。在後者的情形中，該等貯槽可以安 排成互相鄰接在一起，以供由適當大小的反射器1 3 6加以 力口熱。 在日光時間結束時，當太陽熱力減弱時，側邊筒槽 1 40間的壓力差會減低，而氟氯烷經由連接在該等筒槽之 間的中空管1 4 4流動的方向將會反過來。氟氯烷之回流至 第一筒槽內會使得該筒槽的重量增加，而平衡器之框架會 沿著相反方向繞著該腳架逐步轉動，因此而使得反射器逐 -30- 200523436 (27) 步地其初始日出位置上。可以設置適當的習知避震器154 ，一端連接至該框架上，而另一端則連接至該腳架上，以 供抑制該反射器受風作用的顫振。 一般而言，該拋物線反射器1 3 6的尺寸係可提供超出 所需之量的加熱效果。該多餘的熱量會被吸走並儲存於熱 庫內，以供在陽光因雲而減少，或是在諸如落日之類的其 他低陽光可用性之期間內，來加以使用。將過量的熱儲存 在熱庫中以供後續使用亦可使此水冷凝器裝置能做夜間作 業循環的運轉，以更進一步將水份自夜間周遭空氣中凝結 出來。 由於第3圖和第8圖中之裝置會產生量，在不將流通 過冷凝器6之加熱過的空氣排放至大氣內的情形下，該加 熱過的空氣可以用來做一般用途的加熱之用。例如說，該 加熱過空氣可以由另一風扇加以抽取進入管道內，其可將 此加熱過空氣經由通氣口導入至房間或其他的空間內。同 樣’流通過蒸發器4之冷卻鰭片22的冷卻後空氣也可使 用在一般的冷卻用途上。例如說，該冷卻後空氣可以如前 述般由風扇加以抽取至管道內。此冷卻後空氣接著即可由 船形閥加以導引至其他的管道內，其可將該冷卻後空氣排 入至冷凝器，及/或其他透過與該用來排放加熱過空氣之 通氣口相同或不同的通氣口而開通至房間或空間內的管道 內。冷凝器的冷卻作業可以透過增加風扇98的速度或者 開啓旁通板；[〇 8而增加流入與冷凝器接觸之周遭空氣的 流量來加以修正。 -31 - 200523436 (28) 此外，除了自周遭空氣中收集水，以供飮用或其他用 途之外，本發明所實施例的裝置亦可用來做爲除濕器，將 筒倉或其他必須要使空氣內水份含量減至最少的內部空間 加以除濕。同樣的，此裝置亦可用來將水氣自諸如用來輸 送諸如石油或汽油之類親水性流體的管路內部等地點內加 以移除。在這些應用中，空氣會先自筒倉或管路內抽取出 來，而後在由此裝置加以抽取水份，之後再送回至筒倉或 管路內。在要將筒倉（例如儲麥筒倉）加以除濕時，須先 將空氣加以過濾，以在該空氣與此裝置之冷卻鰭片接觸之 前先自空氣內去除掉灰塵。 雖然在前文中係針對多個實施例來說明本發明，但熟 知此技藝者均可瞭解到，在不脫離本發明之精神和範疇下 ，其仍可有多種可能的變化及改良。因此，本文中所述的 這些實施例，就各方面而言，均係範例性的，而非限制性 的。 例如說，本發明的裝置可以設有可調閥，而非旁通擋 板〗〇 8，來調節周遭空氣通過冷凝器6的流率。此外，氨 氣和異丁烷以外的其他氣體和液態冷媒亦可加以使用。例 如說，其他可以使用的氣體和液態冷媒的組合包括有氨氣 和丙烷、氯化氫氣體和丙烯、氨氣和戊烷、氯化氫氣體和 異丁烷、以及甲胺氣體和異丁烷。 此外，除了使用太陽能或幹線電力來提供加熱作用外 ，來自外部廢熱源的熱，例如鍋爐、引擎熱水或冷凍系統 或空調冷凝器的排放熱等，亦可由導管加以輸送至需要加 -32- 200523436 (29) 熱的零組件上，例如分離槽6 4，並藉由與該導管間的熱 傳性接觸而達成加熱作用。同樣的，本發明的實施例中亦 可不使用風扇來將周遭空氣抽取通過蒸發器和/或通過冷 凝器。在此種情形中，周遭空氣之流通過該外殻可以藉由 透過蒸發器與外部周遭空氣之溫度等在溫度上的差異所導 致的熱對流氣流來達成。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是本發明之自周遭空氣凝結水之裝置的平面圖 〇 第2圖是第1圖中之裝置的側視圖。 第3圖是示意圖，顯示出第1圖之裝置的運作。 第4圖是第1圖中之裝置內的蒸發器的後視圖。 第5圖是第1圖中之裝置內的冷凝器的部份縱向剖面 圖。 第6圖是第5圖之冷凝器沿著線B -B所取的剖面圖。 第7圖是第1圖中之裝置內的控制系統的示視圖。 第8圖是示意圖’顯示出本發明之另一種自周遭空氣 凝結水之裝置的運作。 第9圖至第11圖是第8圖中所示之裝置的控制系統 的流程圖° 第1 2圖是用來提供加熱作用的太陽熱追縱裝置的示 意末端視圖。 第1 3圖是示意圖，顯示出第1 2圖中之裝置內的反射 -33- 200523436 (30) 器所進行的加熱作用。 【主要元件符 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 22a 22b 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 3 8 號說明】 自周遭空氣 蒸發器 冷凝器 泵浦系統 泵浦系統 殼體 下方腔室 頂隙 管路 空隙 鰭片 上方側 下方側 外殻 溢流插口 冷媒 JDM3 體 擴散器 出口 輸送管路 上方區域 結水之裝置200523436 (1) IX. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a device and method for condensing and collecting water from the surrounding air. This device has, in at least one of its versions, a device for generating tritium water for consumable and other purposes, which is particularly useful in areas where the use of tritium water is restricted. [Previous Technology] In many regions of the world, the supply of used fresh water is restricted, forcing many people to use water that is not suitable for that purpose in daily use. In fact, many water sources are contaminated, and in order to be able to use it safely, it must be boiled or otherwise treated. Although yachts and ships carry their own water supply during the voyage, except for rainwater, other fresh water supplies cannot be obtained, so it is often necessary to limit daily water use. Similarly, mining companies, road and railroad repair workers, and military units operating outside the country and resorts on small islands all need fresh water. In addition to sustaining life, water certainly has thousands of uses. In a variety of uses, including washing and industrial processes. In areas or areas where water supply is limited, they will need to be able to obtain fresh water supply on a fixed basis. Although water sources can be supplemented by rainwater, precipitation often varies and is not sufficient. In addition, the cost of transporting fresh water to remote locations in a fixed manner is considerable. -5- 200523436 (2) European Patent No. 05 97 7 16 and US Patent No. 5,8 5 7,3 44 disclose devices for condensing water from the surrounding air. Both devices include a cooling system for use with electric motors to cool the surrounding air by compressing the refrigerant and then expanding it to condense water from the surrounding air for collection. U.S. Patent No. 6,156,102 discloses a device and method for collecting water from the surrounding air, which includes contacting air with a hygroscopic solution. The hygroscopic solution absorbs moisture from the air. This water vapor can then be evaporated from the hygroscopic solution and collected. Evaporation of water vapor is achieved by heating a hygroscopic solution or evaporating water in a vacuum. A similar configuration is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,3,36,9,57,7, which directs the surrounding air into contact with the adsorbent material for the purpose of sucking water vapor out of the air, and the The absorbed water vapor is used for subsequent separation and collection operations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect of the present invention, a method for collecting water from surrounding air is provided. The method includes the following steps: providing at least one condensing surface for contacting the surrounding air; passing a gas into a An enclosed space containing a gaseous mixture of the gas and the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the liquid refrigerant, so that more refrigerant vapor evaporates from the liquid refrigerant into the enclosed space, and thus heat is transferred. Extracted from the condensation surface into the refrigerant, thereby cooling the condensation surface to the dew point of the moisture in the surrounding air or lower than the dew point; -6-200523436 (3) The gaseous mixture flows out of the closed space; The cooled condensing surface is in contact with the surrounding air to condense water from the surrounding air onto the condensing surface; and collecting the condensed water. Generally speaking, this method will further include condensing the refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture flowing out of the enclosed space back to the liquid refrigerant to separate the refrigerant vapor from the gas and separating the gas from the gaseous mixture. It is returned to the enclosed space for generating more gaseous mixture, and the liquid refrigerant condensed from the gaseous mixture is circulated back. Preferably, the gaseous mixture will flow out of the closed space and come into contact with a liquid absorbent, which can absorb the gas from the gaseous mixture, thereby forming a solution, and the gas will be separated from the solution to The gas is returned to the enclosed space, and the liquid absorbent is recovered for exposure to more gaseous mixtures. Preferably, the circulating reflux of the liquid refrigerant condensed in the gaseous mixture is performed simultaneously with the inflow of the gas into the closed space and the outflow of the gaseous mixture from the closed space with the liquid absorbent so that the The condensing surface can be cooled in a continuous cycle. Preferably, the liquid refrigerant is agitated when the gas is introduced into the enclosed space. More preferably, the agitation of the liquid refrigerant is achieved by the action of bubbles of the gas passing through the liquid refrigerant into the enclosed space. Preferably, the method further comprises monitoring the temperature of the surrounding air flowing from the condensing surface, and adjusting the flow rate of the surrounding air to contact with the condensing surface. 7- 200523436 (4) To promote the condensation of water from the surrounding air onto the condensation surface. The ambient air is cooled by contact with the condensing surface, and the cooled ambient air can be used to cool the refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture flowing out of the enclosed space to promote the condensation of the refrigerant vapor back Liquid refrigerant. Preferably, the gaseous mixture flows from the space into a condenser where the refrigerant vapor can be condensed. Therefore, this method may also include adjusting the flow rate of the surrounding air from the condensing surface to the condenser to promote the condensation of the refrigerant vapor. Evaluating whether the flow rate of the surrounding air from the condensation surface needs to be adjusted to promote the condensation of the refrigerant vapor in the condenser includes: measuring the pressure in the condenser; measuring the temperature in the condenser ; And evaluate the measured pressure and the measured temperature. In another aspect of the present invention, it provides a device for collecting water from ambient air, the device comprising: at least one condensing surface for contacting the ambient air; an evaporator for receiving a liquid refrigerant, and Forms a closed space for containing a gaseous mixture composed of refrigerant vapor and a gas evaporated from a liquid refrigerant; an inlet opens into the evaporator for the gas to pass into the space to make the liquid The refrigerant further evaporates into the space, enabling it to extract heat from the condensation surface to the liquid refrigerant, thereby cooling the condensation 200523436 (5) the surface of the condensation to the dew point or low of the moisture in the surrounding air. At the dew point, water is allowed to condense onto the condensed surface from the surrounding air to collect the water; and an outlet is provided for the gaseous mixture to flow out of the space. Preferably, the device further includes a separation system for separating the gas in the gaseous mixture from the refrigerant, and condensing the refrigerant vapor back to the liquid refrigerant for returning the gas to the enclosed space in the evaporator. And recycle the liquid refrigerant. Preferably, the separation system includes a condenser for receiving the gaseous mixture from the evaporator, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture back to the liquid refrigerant. The condenser is used to receive the liquid absorbent, and The contact of the gaseous mixture with the liquid absorbent is increased to absorb the gas into the liquid absorbent to form a solution, and thus the gas is separated from the refrigerant vapor. In use, it is preferred that the condenser includes a liquid bath having a layer of liquid refrigerant and a layer of the solution, and the condenser can be used to receive the gaseous mixture so that the gaseous mixture contacts the liquid absorbent to form the The solution was then allowed to enter the liquid bath. Generally speaking, the liquid refrigerant has a lower density than the solution, and the solution can be separated from the liquid refrigerant in the layer and enter the solution. Preferably, the condenser further comprises a mixer unit disposed in the condenser for receiving the liquid absorbent, wherein the mixer unit can form a liquid absorbent stream on the surface of the mixer unit to Increased contact of the gas with the liquid absorbent. -9- 200523436 (6) Generally, the mixer unit will have an open well for receiving the liquid absorbent, and can provide the liquid absorbent flowing out of the well to flow down the surface of the mixer unit Liquid absorbent flow. Preferably, the mixer unit will form a turbulent flow in the liquid absorbent when the liquid absorbent flows downward along the surface of the mixer unit, so as to enhance the absorption of the gas by the liquid absorbent. Preferably, the mixer unit is mounted on a horizontal free ring provided in the condenser to maintain the mixer unit in a substantially upright position. Preferably, the separation system further includes a separation tank for allowing the gas to evaporate from the liquid absorbent. The separation tank includes: a casing; an inlet for the liquid absorbent to flow into the casing, and the gas Evaporates from the liquid absorbent in the casing; and an outlet for returning the gas evaporated from the liquid absorbent to the evaporator. The storage tank is generally heatable to facilitate evaporation of the gas from the liquid absorbent. Preferably, the separation system further includes a pumping system for raising the liquid absorbent to a high-lift position, so that the liquid absorbent can flow into the condenser to mix more gaseous mixture from the evaporator. In contact, the pump system includes: a heating tank for receiving the liquid absorbent, and may be heated to force the liquid absorbent to leave the heating tank; a liter tube may be used when the heating tank is heated To receive the liquid absorbent from the heating tank-10-200523436 (7); and a collection tank provided at the elevated position, and the tube is opened therein for collecting the liquid absorbent, The collection tank is used for the liquid absorbent to flow from the collection tank to the condenser. Preferably, the collection tank has a first outlet for the liquid absorbent to flow from the collection tank to the condenser, and an internal space for receiving the gas moving along the riser and evaporating from the liquid absorbent. The absorbent vapor, and another outlet for the gas separated from the liquid absorbent to flow from the collection tank to the evaporator. Preferably, the first outlet of the collection tank is opened into a duct for guiding the liquid absorbent into the condenser, wherein the duct is passed through the separation tank for supplying the solution from the condenser Perform heat exchange. Preferably, the other outlet of the collection tank is opened to a passage connecting the first outlet of the separation tank to the evaporator. The passage has a required inclined area for retaining the liquid absorbent condensed from the absorbent vapor in the passage, and discharging the condensed liquid absorbent into the separation tank. Preferably, the device also includes a heat exchanger for the gaseous mixture and the gas to flow from the space in the evaporator to the condenser and the gas from the separation system to the evaporator. Heat exchange between them. Generally speaking, the heat exchanger can also be used to receive the condensed refrigerant for heat exchange with the gaseous mixture and the gas when the condensed refrigerant flows from the condenser to the evaporator. In addition, the device may preferably include a housing that covers the condenser -11-200523436 (8) and the evaporator for directing ambient air from the evaporator to the condenser. A fan is preferably provided to allow the surrounding air to flow from the outside through the housing. Even better, the condensation surface is usually angled relative to the level to facilitate the collection of condensation water. It is usually in the range of about 30 ° C to about 60t, and preferably from 1 ° to about 50 ° C. Preferably, the device further includes a control system for controlling the flow rate of the air in contact with the condensing surface. The control system includes a temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the air flowing from the evaporator to the cold ambient air; And a control module for monitoring the temperature sensor to determine and adjust the flow rate of the surrounding air flowing into contact with the condensing surface to condense water from the surrounding air to the condensing surface. It is also preferable that the control system further includes an adjustable air, which is operable to adjust the ambient air flow from the evaporator to the condensation rate relative to the ambient air flow rate to contact the condensing surface to change the flow rate. The temperature and pressure inside the condenser promote cold condensation. Preferably, the control system will include another temperature sensor to measure the temperature in the condenser, and a pressure sensor to use the pressure in the condenser. The control module can be used to evaluate the temperature. The temperature measured by the sensor and the adjustable air inlet can be controlled by the pressure sensor to change the flow rate of the surrounding air condenser. The angle with the cold shell is to arrange the angle ^ 40 ° C. The week has: the temperature of the condenser to promote the flow of the mouthpiece and the medium vaporizer to measure the other pressure and flow to the -12 -200523436 (9) It is preferable that the inlet system opened to the evaporator allows the gas to form a bubble, passes through the liquid refrigerant and enters the enclosed space of the evaporator. Passing the gas into a bubble through the liquid refrigerant can agitate the liquid refrigerant and increase heat transfer from the surrounding air to the liquid refrigerant. In yet another aspect of the present invention, it provides an evaporator capable of condensing water from the surrounding air, the evaporator comprising: at least one condensing surface for contacting the surrounding air; a casing for Receives a liquid refrigerant and has an internal closed space that can accommodate a gaseous mixture composed of refrigerant vapor and a gas that evaporates from the liquid refrigerant; an inlet that allows the gas to pass into the space to make the liquid The refrigerant further evaporates into the enclosed space to extract heat from the condensing surface into the liquid refrigerant, thereby cooling the condensing surface to or below the dew point of the moisture in the surrounding air, so that Water is condensed from the surrounding air onto the condensed surface to collect the water; and an outlet is provided for the gaseous mixture to flow out of the enclosed space. Preferably, the condensing surface or each condensing surface is a surface of a cooling fin, and the shell of the evaporator includes: an upper area for receiving a gaseous mixture composed of the gas and the refrigerant vapor; A lower area is at least partially filled with the liquid refrigerant and is separated from the upper area; at least one duct is opened at one end into the upper area of the casing, and the other end is opened to the In the lower area; -13- 200523436 (10) The cooling fin or each cooling fin is arranged between the upper area and the lower area for contact with the surrounding air. Generally speaking, it will have a plurality of cooling fins, which are separated from each other, and are arranged one after another for contact with the surrounding air. In yet another aspect, it provides a method for separating a gas in a gaseous mixture from a refrigerant vapor. The method includes the following steps: A condenser is provided to condense the refrigerant vapor into Liquid refrigerant. The condenser is coated with a mixer unit, which can receive a liquid absorbent for absorbing the gas, and it can improve the contact between the liquid absorbent and the gaseous mixture. Pass the gaseous mixture to Inside the condenser to condense the refrigerant vapor; and to pass the liquid absorbent into the mixer unit so that the liquid absorbent contacts the gaseous mixture, thereby causing the gas to be absorbed into the In the liquid absorbent, a solution composed of the liquid absorbent and the gas is formed. In yet another aspect, it provides a condenser for separating a gas in a gaseous mixture from a refrigerant vapor, the condenser comprising: a casing for receiving the gaseous mixture, and The refrigerant vapor is condensed into a liquid refrigerant; and a mixer unit is provided in the casing for receiving a liquid absorbent, which can absorb the gas to form a mixture of the gas and the liquid absorbent-14- 200523436 (11 ), The mixer unit is used to increase the contact between the gaseous mixture and the liquid absorbent. In yet another aspect of the present invention, it provides a mixer unit that can be used to mix a gas with a liquid absorbent that is used to free the gas from the gaseous state of the gas and the refrigerant vapor. The mixture is absorbed to separate the gas from the refrigerant vapor. The mixer unit includes: a mixer body for receiving the liquid absorbent and enhancing the gaseous mixture and the liquid for absorbing gas Contact of the absorbent, the mixer system can improve the contact of the gaseous mixture with the liquid absorbent. Condensing water from the surrounding air can provide a method of replenishing or storing fresh water in remote or off-site locations where fresh water is scarce or otherwise unavailable, and can reduce dependence or demand on water transport to such spaces. Similarly, when ships, such as ships or ships, need to carry water to supply water, condensing water from the surrounding air can provide another source of water during the voyage and reduce its dependence on water storage. In fact, by condensing water from the surrounding air, it will reduce the amount of water carried. In addition, 'condensation of water from the air can provide certainty of water quality, and therefore in certain areas', because of doubts about the quality of existing water sources or known contamination of available water' or other reasons Provide a source of water when factors are inappropriate for its intended use of water. Therefore, one or more embodiments of the present invention can be used in practical situations. In addition, during the operation of the device described in this article, since the surrounding air will be cooled 'and generate heat' when the refrigerant vapor condenses, the -15-200523436 (12) the cooled surrounding air and the heat generated Can be used for general cooling and heating. Therefore, in still another aspect of the present invention, it provides a method capable of providing heating by the device during operation of the device, the method comprising the steps of: passing a gas into a gas containing the gas and The closed space of the gaseous mixture composed of the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the liquid refrigerant, so that more refrigerant vapor evaporates from the liquid refrigerant into the closed space; the gaseous mixture is circulated from the closed space to a A condenser for condensing the refrigerant vapor in the gaseous mixture back to the liquid refrigerant; sending the gas from the gaseous mixture back to the enclosed space, and circulating the liquid refrigerant condensed from the gaseous mixture back to the liquid refrigerant For evaporation to enter the enclosed space; and for removing heat from the condenser to supply the heat. In still another aspect of the present invention, it provides a method for providing cooling effect by a device during operation of the device. The method includes the following steps: providing at least one cooling surface for contacting the surrounding air; The gas is introduced into a closed space containing a gaseous mixture of the gas and the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the liquid refrigerant, so that more refrigerant vapor is evaporated from the liquid refrigerant into the closed space, Therefore, heat is extracted from the cooling surface into the liquid refrigerant-16-200523436 (13) to cool the cooling surface; the gaseous mixture flows out of the enclosed space; the cooled cooling surface is brought into contact with the surrounding air To cool the surrounding air; and use the cooled surrounding air to provide cooling. Means for providing such heating and / or cooling effects are also included in the present invention. It will be appreciated that it is not necessary to cool the condensation / cooling surface in the device provided for general heating and cooling to the dew point of the surrounding air or below it. That is, its heating and cooling effects can be achieved without collecting water from the surrounding air. In this specification, it can be understood that the word "comprising", or a variation thereof, such as "including" or "comprising", etc., means including a certain element, whole or step, or Groups of elements, wholes or steps, but does not exclude any other elements, wholes or steps, or groups of elements, wholes or steps. The features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer after reading the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] The device 2 in FIG. 1 includes an evaporator 4 containing isobutane (R600a), which can be used to cool the evaporator to the moisture content in the air surrounding the evaporator in operation. Dew point or lower. In short, ‘the evaporator is cooled by passing a gas, such as ammonia, which is inert to the refrigerant into the headspace of the evaporator. This can reduce the partial pressure of the refrigerant vapor in the head gap -17- 200523436 (14), thereby further evaporating the refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant into the head gap. The gaseous mixture containing the gas and the refrigerant vapor thus obtained in the head gap can flow out of the evaporator, and the gas and the refrigerant vapor are also separated. The separated refrigerant vapor is condensed, and the gas and the condensed liquid refrigerant are returned to the evaporator 4 in a subsequent cycle. As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the gaseous mixture from the evaporator 4 flows through the condenser 6 because of the pressure difference between the evaporator and the condenser. The separation of the gas from the refrigerant vapor is performed in the condenser, which is achieved by contacting the gas in the gaseous mixture with the liquid absorbent input into the condenser. The gas will be absorbed by the liquid absorbent to form a solution, which will flow from the condenser to the separation tank for separating the gas from the solution, and then return the gas to the evaporator. The liquid absorbent separated from the solution is circulated back to the condenser by the pump system marked with reference numbers 8 and 10, so that the gas can be flowed from the free evaporator to the gaseous mixture in the condenser. To separate them. As shown schematically in Figure 3, the evaporator 4 includes a housing 12 with a lower chamber 14 which can be fluidized with the top gap 16 of the evaporator through a plurality of rows of spaced apart tubular pipes 18 Connected. The evaporator 4 is filled with a liquid isobutane refrigerant 2 8 except for the top gap 16 of the evaporator. The gap 20 between the pipes can be used as a path for the surrounding air to flow from the cooling fin 22 through the evaporator. Each fin 22 has a cooling surface on the upper side 2 2 a and the lower side 2 2 b to condense water from the surrounding air. Evaporation-18- 200523436 (15) The device and fins 22 are arranged so that the water at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal can flow away from the fins and fall onto the inclined surface covering the evaporator and cold shell 24 It can direct water to the overflow plug I for collection, as shown in Figure 2. The gas 30, in this case ammonia, is a bubble-type diffuser 32 arranged in the chamber 14 below the evaporator from a liquid refrigerant. The ammonia gas will enter the headspace 16 which is upwardly entered through the pipe 18, and is mixed there with the refrigerant vapor in the liquid refrigerant from below. The entry of ammonia into the headspace reduces the refrigerant pressure. This will allow the refrigerant to further cool out of the liquid in the evaporator. As a result, heat will be sucked from the cooling fins 22 into the refrigerant, and the fins will then cool the outlet gap 3 of the surrounding evaporator 16 passing therethrough, which is provided with an outlet 3 4 which is mixed by the gas Instead, it flows into the condenser 6 through the delivery line 36. Conveying opens through the inlet 40 into the upper area 38 of the condenser. The system part is filled with a liquid bath, which is located in the lower area of the condenser, and contains a layer of liquid refrigerant 28 overlaid on a layer of solution 42 composed of water and a solvent. The mixer unit 44 is suspended inside the condenser by a biaxial horizontal free ring 46 fixed to the cold. This horizontal free ring ensures that the mixer unit can remain in the upright position when the device 2 is placed on the ground. A well 48 is provided at the upper end of the mixer unit, and the agent 50 from another inlet 52 located in the area 38 above the condenser. This liquid absorbent contains water, which contains the outer shell 26 that dissolves to cause the condenser to pass through the inlet of the pattern through the evaporator to the evaporator to evaporate the vapor into the medium. The compound can pass through the road 3 6 series condenser 6 domain 43. The area above the wall of the ammonia gas condenser is not water to receive liquid ammonia in the form of absorption and decomposition-19- 200523436 (16) 'The concentration is much lower The solution 42 is located in the area below the condenser. The liquid absorbent 50 will overflow from the periphery 54 of the well, flow down along the outer peripheral surface 56 of the mixer unit, and then fall into the liquid refrigerant layer 28 of the liquid bath. When the liquid absorbent moves downward along the outer peripheral surface of the mixer unit under the effect of gravity, it will contact the gaseous mixture entering the condenser from the evaporator and absorb ammonia gas from the gaseous mixture. As shown in FIG. 5, the mixer unit is provided with a plurality of spaced apart circumferential ridges 5 8, which are formed into a circumferential ring surrounding the mixer unit. The loops can cause 'turbulence' in the liquid absorbent stream as the liquid absorbent flowing down the mixer unit passes through each loop '. This turbulence can help the liquid absorbent to mix with the ammonia gas phase in the gaseous mixture from the evaporator, and thereby absorb the ammonia gas in the liquid absorbent. The cross section of the mixer unit taken from the section B-B is shown in FIG. As can be seen, the liquid absorbent will fall through the hole 60 of the inlet 52 to the center of the well 48. Returning to FIG. 3, the liquid absorbent and the dissolved ammonia gas have a higher density than the liquid refrigerant, and therefore will sink from the liquid refrigerant layer to the solution 4 2 located in the area 4 3 below the condenser. The solution 42 flows from the condenser through the transfer line 62 and enters the separation tank 64 through the inlet 66. The storage tank 64 is partially filled with a solution composed of a liquid absorbent and dissolved ammonia gas, and has an internal top gap 6 8, which is filled with vapor from the solution, more specifically, ammonia gas and steam. In use, the separation tank will be heated 'to force most of the ammonia gas in the solution entering from the condenser -20-200523436 (17) to evaporate into the top gap 68 of the separation tank. An outlet 70 is provided in the separation tank to allow the dilute solution 41 to flow into the heating tank 72 of the pump system through the conveying pipe 74. The tank 72 is heated to a sufficient temperature, generally the boiling of the dilute solution, to force the dilute solution upward through the riser 76 and into the collection tank 78. When the heated solution "seeps" upward along the riser 76, water vapor and ammonia will evaporate from the solution, forming gas vesicles, which will move upward along the riser as the solution moves in Into the collection tank 78, the solution entering the collection tank has a lower concentration of dissolved ammonia compared with the solution 42 entering the separation tank and the solution flowing from the storage tank to the hot tank. After entering the collection tank 7 8, the solution will be circulated back to the cooler 6 as a liquid absorbent 50 and again used to absorb the flow from the top gap 16 of the evaporator through the conveying pipe 3 6 to the Ammonia in the gaseous mixture in the condenser 6. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the absorbent 50 leaving the riser 76 will collect in the collecting tank 78, and move downward through the recovery pipe 80. The solution in a heat exchange relationship passes through the solution 42 in the separation tank 64 for heat exchange with the solution entering the separation tank from the condenser. The recovery pipe 80 can guide the liquid absorbent from the storage tank to the inlet 52 of the condenser. The conveying pipe 82 can convey the ammonia gas water vapor from the riser 76 into the collecting tank to the common conveying pipe 84. One end of the hot pipe is steamed in the hot spot of the warp section. Zhihehe opens from -21-200523436 (18) outlet 86 into the top gap 68 of the separation tank. The other end of the common conveying pipe 8 4 is opened to a diffuser 32 provided in the evaporator 4 for returning ammonia gas to the top gap 6 of the evaporator. The common conveying pipe 8 4 has an inclined section 8 8 for retaining the water condensed in the common conveying pipe by the water vapor entering with the ammonia gas from the collection tank 7 8 and the separation tank 64, and condensing. Water is directed back into the storage tank. As shown in FIG. 3, the common conveying line 84 passes through the heat exchanger 90, and constitutes a part of the conveying line 36 for conveying the gaseous mixture from the top gap 16 of the evaporator 4 to the condenser 6. Serving. Another conveying pipe 92 for recovering the condensed refrigerant 28 from the condenser to the chamber 14 below the evaporator 4 also passes through the heat exchanger 90 and exchanges heat with the common conveying pipe 84. The relationship continues from the heat exchanger 90 into the lower chamber 14 of the evaporator 4. It can be understood that the heat exchanger 90 can facilitate the heat exchange between the gaseous mixture in the heat exchanger and the refrigerant in the conveying pipe 92 and the ammonia gas in the common conveying pipe 94. Similarly, the side-to-side arrangement of the common conveying pipe 88 and the conveying pipe 92 extending from the heat exchanger 90 to the evaporator 4 can enable the refrigerant in the conveying pipe 92 and the ammonia gas in the common conveying pipe to communicate with each other. Perform heat exchange. As mentioned above, the evaporator 4 and the condenser 6 are enclosed in a casing 24. As best shown in Figure 7, the casing 24 has a main air inlet 96 and a fan 98 disposed at the outlet 100 to pass ambient air from the outside atmosphere through the main air inlet Extract into the enclosure. The surrounding air will flow through the evaporator and come into contact with the cooling fins 22, so that water condenses on the fins 22 from the air, and then comes into contact with the housing 94 of the condenser -22- 200523436 (19). When the cooled air passes through the housing of the condenser, heat is drawn away from the housing. The refrigerant vapor in the area above the condenser and the liquid refrigerant below it are cooled as a result. In order to operate efficiently, the flow rate of ambient air through the casing 24 is adjusted so that each unit volume of ambient air flowing through the evaporator can have the best moisture condensation effect, while still maintaining a sufficient amount of flow through The air flow of the condenser is used for transferring heat from the condenser to the surrounding air, and condensing the refrigerant vapor in the condenser. As is known, this device is operated to enable the cooling fins to be cooled sufficiently without solidifying the condensed water. For any given general atmospheric condition, it has a specific humidity, measured in grams of water vapor per kilogram of air. For example, there are 4. The specific humidity of 5 to 6 grams of water vapor corresponds to It and 6. Dry bulb temperature between 5 t. In use, the device is operated to reduce the specific humidity of the surrounding air flowing through the condensing surface of the cooling fins 22 to a specific humidity corresponding to a specially selected dry bulb temperature or temperature range. Further, the fan 98 is initially operated at the maximum speed to generate the maximum airflow flowing through the casing 24, and the dew point of the surrounding air entering the evaporator is determined by the sensor 102. This sensor is arranged so that when the air entering the evaporator is cooled by the cooling fins 22, it is gradually cooled by the surrounding air. When the surrounding air condenses on the sensor 102, the sensor 102 will short-circuit and indicate the dew point of the surrounding air. This temperature is compared in the control module 106 with the dry-bulb temperature measured by the temperature sensor -23- 200523436 (20) device 104 for the air leaving the evaporator. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensing benefit 104 is higher than the dew point of the moisture in the surrounding air determined by the sensor 102, the speed of the fan will be within the reach of the control module 106. Gradually decrease to reduce the flow rate of ambient air through the evaporative profile. The radon will continue to paint until the temperature of the surrounding air is lowered to the dew point of the moisture in the surrounding air, which causes the moisture to condense on the cooling fins 22. Once the ambient air flowing through the evaporator 4 reaches the optimal flow rate, the temperature of the refrigerant 2 8 condensed in the condenser 6 will be measured by another temperature sensor ii 2 and will be measured in the control module 106 Compare with the total pressure in the area 38 above the condenser measured by the pressure sensor 1 1 4. Since the pressure in the upper area of the condenser will change with the environmental conditions, there will be temperature and pressure conditions in the condenser that can achieve the best condensation effect of the refrigerant vapor. The temperature and pressure measured by the temperature sensor 1 12 and the pressure sensor 1 1 4 will be compared in the control module 1 06, and the control module will determine whether the refrigerant vapor has reached the Optimal coagulation conditions. If the control module considers that the temperature in the condenser is too high for the condensation of the refrigerant vapor, the speed of the fan 98 will gradually increase at the instruction of the control module. This will increase the flow rate of the cooled ambient air flowing from the evaporator to the condenser, so that heat is further removed from the shell of the condenser by the ambient air, and the temperature in the condenser will be gradually reduced. The speed of the fan will continue to increase until the temperature in the condenser reaches the point where the refrigerant vapor can condense. After a short delay of generally about 1 to 2 minutes, the dew point of the ambient air entering the evaporator-24- 200523436 (21) and the dry-bulb temperature of the ambient air leaving the evaporator will be determined by the temperature sensors 102 and 1 04 is measured again and these temperatures are compared in the control module. If the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 104 rises above the dew point of the water, the air intake opening in the form of a hinged bypass baffle 108 provided in the area below the housing 24 will be controlled The actuator 1 1 0 controlled by the module is turned on at least to a certain limited extent. The opening of the bypass baffle 108 will allow the uncooled ambient air indicated by the arrow to flow into the housing through this other air inlet and contact the condenser. This reduces the flow rate of the surrounding air through the evaporator to a flow rate that can cool the surrounding air to the dew point of the moisture in the surrounding air, while still maintaining or increasing the flow of surrounding air flowing through the condenser rate. The control module 1 〇6 continuously monitors the temperature of the air flow through the surrounding air measured by the temperature sensors 10 2 and 104 and the pressure sensor 1 1 4 and the temperature sensor. The temperature of the liquid refrigerant in the condenser measured by the detector 1 1 2 and the total pressure in the area above the condenser, and the position of the baffle 1 08 and the fan 9 8 are adjusted according to the changes in environmental conditions as required. A speed for continuously condensing water from the surrounding air onto the cooling fins 22 and condensing the refrigerant vapor in the condenser 6. This monitoring cycle is repeated at regular intervals to ensure the best efficiency of the device, thereby maximizing the generation of moisture from the surrounding air. The timing circuit used to start the monitoring cycle operation is also set in the control module. This control circuit is within the skill of those skilled in the art. Another device of the present invention for collecting water from the surrounding air is shown schematically in FIG. This device differs from the one shown in Figure 3 -25- 200523436 (22) in that the pump system including the heating tank 72 and the collecting tank 78 is located in front of the separation tank 64. In more detail, the solution 42 from the condenser 6 directly flows into the heating tank 72, where it will be heated to separate the dissolved ammonia gas from the liquid absorbent. As mentioned above, when the heated solution 42 "seeps" upward along the riser 76, water vapor and ammonia will evaporate from the solution to form gas vesicles, which will move upward along the riser Into the collection tank. As in the embodiment in FIG. 3, the liquid absorbent 50 collected in the collection tank is sent back to the condenser 6 along the recovery pipe 80 to be brought into contact with other gaseous mixtures from the evaporator 4. However, unlike the case where the separated gas is sent back to the diffuser 32 of the evaporator in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the separated ammonia gas will be sent to the condenser through the delivery pipe 82. Within the upper area 38. This minimizes the path for water vapor to evaporate from the liquid absorbent entering the evaporator. The solution composed of the liquid absorbent and the remaining dissolved ammonia gas flowing from the heating tank 72 into the separation tank will be heated in the separation tank 64 as described above, so that the ammonia gas will be evaporated and the gas will be passed through the conveying pipe. 8 4 and returned to the diffuser 3 2 of the evaporator. As further shown in FIG. 8, this device also includes a water return system 1 16 for returning water accumulated in the evaporator 4 to the condenser 6. This water return system includes a float valve, which is provided with a spherical float 118, which is located in a storage cylinder 120, which is opened into the evaporator through a delivery conduit 122. The spherical float 1 1 8 normally abuts on the open end 1 2 4 of the drainage duct 1 2 6 and closes the drainage duct. -26- 200523436 (23) A pressure equalizing duct (not shown) communicates between the upper area of the storage barrel above the spherical float 1 1 8 and the lower area of the storage barrel located below the spherical float. The density of water is greater than that of the refrigerant, so it sinks to the bottom of the storage cylinder. The density of the spherical float makes it impossible to float in the refrigerant, but it can float in water. When a sufficient amount of water accumulates at the bottom of the storage cylinder 1 20, the spherical float will rise upward from the drainage pipe 1 26, so that the water can flow into the drainage pipe, and then flow to the water return heating tank 1 2 8 until The water level in the storage tank is lowered to return the spherical float to its normal position and close the open end of the drainage pipe 1 24 to prevent the liquid refrigerant from escaping from the evaporator. In use, the water return to the heating tank 1 2 8 will be electrically charged The element is heated to force the water to percolate upward along the water return line 130, which will be emptied into the condenser 6. It can be understood that the water collected from the evaporator and stored in the storage tank 120 will contain a certain amount of dissolved ammonia. It can also be understood that the device shown in FIG. 3 can also be provided with a water return system 1 1 6. The operation flowcharts of the control system of the device in Fig. 8 are shown in Figs. 9 to 11. In this control system, the temperature sensor 102 is omitted, and the flow of the surrounding air in contact with the cooling fins 22 of the evaporator is changed to a temperature that can be measured by the temperature sensor 104. Maintain a temperature in the range of 4 ° C to 5 ° C. At the beginning of the operation of the device, the solution in each of the water tank] 2, the separation tank 64 and the heating tank 72 will be heated to 90 ° C to 95 ° C by the respective electric heating elements. The bypass flap 108 will be in the closed position, while the fan 98 will run at maximum speed. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor 104 will be measured at intervals of approximately 2 -27- 200523436 (24) minutes, and the fan speed may be changed in 10% increments, or the bypass gear may be turned on Plate 1 08 until the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is within the range from 4 ° C to 5 ° C. If, under further monitoring, the measured temperature drops below 4 ° C, the bypass baffle 108 will be fully opened, and the heating of the solution in the separation tank 64 will be increased in 10% increments. The reduction is equivalent to a decrease of about 9 ° C each time. This can reduce the rate of evaporation of ammonia gas from the solution in the separation tank, thereby reducing the amount of ammonia gas returned to the evaporator via the diffuser 32 of the evaporator 4 and thereby cooling the temperature of the fins 22 rise. In addition, the speed of the fan 98 may be increased, so that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 104 is increased. The temperature of the condensed liquid refrigerant and the pressure in the condenser 6 are monitored by the temperature sensor 1 12 and the pressure sensor 1 1 4 at intervals of about 2 minutes, respectively. If the measured pressure and temperature are not at a predetermined level that allows the refrigerant vapor to condense in the condenser, then the speed of the fan will be increased in 10% increments, or in another way, the The heating of the solution is reduced in 10% increments until the temperature and pressure measured by the temperature sensor 1 12 and the pressure sensor 1 1 4 are both below a predetermined level. For the mixture of ammonia and isobutane refrigerants used in the examples in Figs. 3 and 8, the pressure in the condenser should be maintained substantially below 4 3 2 k P a, while the condensed liquid refrigerant The temperature should be maintained below about 40 ° condenser. C. However, it can be understood that 'in the case of using a system gas and a refrigerant different from the ammonia gas and the isobutane refrigerant', it will require different temperature and pressure settings 値. The electric power used to drive the electric components in the embodiment of the present invention, such as the fan 98, is preferably supplied by mains power. However, this device can also be provided with a solar panel composed of photovoltaic battery arrays to supply sufficient power to meet the overall energy requirements of this device, including all heating requirements and driving fans 98 and control modules 106 Needed. In this example, the device also typically has one or more rechargeable batteries and a charging circuit that uses the power generated by the solar panel to charge the one or more batteries. These charging systems are well known in the art. Another method is to use a solar heating device 1 2 having a tracking mechanism for tracking solar heat, such as the one shown in Figs. 12 and 13 for heating the water condenser device of the present invention. The tracking mechanism includes a balancer 1 3 3 on which a parabolic reflector 1 3 6 is disposed. The balancer includes a frame that is pivotally connected to the tripod 138. This frame contains a hollow side cylinder groove 140 containing approximately half of a liquid refrigerant such as chlorochlorohydrin therein, and an opposite end member 142. The insides of the barrel grooves are connected to each other through the passage of the hollow conveying pipe 144. The shading plate 1 46 is provided along each side groove for covering the relevant groove behind. The reflective surface on the front side of each shade can reflect the heat into the relevant trough when the trough faces the sun. The side grooves 140 are configured such that, when in use, the first of the grooves is more exposed to the sun than the second of the grooves. When the first tank is heated by the sun, the pressure in the tank will increase and a pressure difference will be formed between the tanks. The halothane will gradually flow from the first tank through the conveying pipe 144 to Within the other. When chlorochloroalkane flows into the second tank, the weight of the second tank will be heavier than the first one, making -29- 200523436 (26) the frame of the balancer rotates around the pivot pin 1 3 4 , And the reflector moves westward in a manner that is substantially synchronized with the movement of the sun. As shown more clearly in Figure 13, the flexible drive shaft 150 will rotate around its own longitudinal axis as the frame rotates around the pivot pin. In more detail, one end of the driving shaft 150 is fixed around the pivot pin 134, and a reflector 136 is provided on the other end. The other end of the drive shaft 150 is disposed substantially concentrically with the longitudinal axis of the component of the water condenser device to be heated. The reflector 1 3 6 can thus rotate around the component to be heated as the drive shaft 150 rotates. The rear reflective surface 1 4 8 of the reflector 1 3 6 is inclined with respect to the rotation axis of the drive shaft. Due to the inclination of the rear reflecting surface, the focal length of the reflector changes from the top of the reflector to the bottom of the reflector. This enables the reflector to focus sunlight incident on the reflector to the component to be heated when the sun is in different positions throughout the day. The component to be heated may, for example, include the separation tank 64, the heating tank 72, or the water return heating tank 1 2 8. Alternatively, one or a combination of these may be heated. In the latter case, the tanks can be arranged next to each other for heating by a suitably sized reflector 136. At the end of daylight time, when the solar heat weakens, the pressure difference between the side tanks 1 to 40 will decrease, and the flow direction of halothane through the hollow tubes 1 4 4 connected between the tanks will in turn. The return of chlorochlorohydrin to the first barrel groove will increase the weight of the barrel groove, and the frame of the balancer will gradually rotate around the tripod in the opposite direction, so that the reflector will be -30- 200523436 (27 ) In its initial sunrise position. An appropriate conventional shock absorber 154 may be provided, one end of which is connected to the frame, and the other end is connected to the tripod, so as to suppress the vibration of the reflector by the wind. In general, the dimensions of the parabolic reflector 1 3 6 are such that they can provide a heating effect that exceeds the required amount. This excess heat is sucked away and stored in a thermal reservoir for use during periods when sunlight is reduced by clouds, or during periods of low sunlight availability, such as the setting sun. Storing excess heat in a thermal storage for subsequent use also enables the water condenser unit to operate at night during work cycles to further condense water from the air around the night. Since the devices in Figures 3 and 8 generate a quantity, the heated air can be used for general purpose heating without discharging the heated air flowing through the condenser 6 into the atmosphere. use. For example, the heated air can be drawn into the duct by another fan, which can introduce the heated air into a room or other space through a vent. Similarly, the cooled air flowing through the cooling fins 22 of the evaporator 4 can also be used for general cooling purposes. For example, the cooled air can be drawn into the duct by a fan as described above. The cooled air can then be directed by the boat valve into other pipes, which can discharge the cooled air to the condenser, and / or pass through the same or different air vents as those used to discharge the heated air. The ventilation port opens into the duct in the room or space. The cooling operation of the condenser can be corrected by increasing the speed of the fan 98 or opening the bypass plate; [08] and increasing the flow rate of the surrounding air flowing into contact with the condenser. -31-200523436 (28) In addition, in addition to collecting water from the surrounding air for use or other purposes, the device according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be used as a dehumidifier, the silo or other Dehumidify the interior space with minimal moisture in the air. Similarly, the device can be used to remove water and gas from locations such as inside pipelines used to transport hydrophilic fluids such as petroleum or gasoline. In these applications, air is extracted from the silo or pipe, and then water is pumped from the device before being returned to the silo or pipe. When a silo (such as a wheat storage silo) is to be dehumidified, the air must be filtered to remove dust from the air before it comes into contact with the cooling fins of the device. Although the present invention has been described with reference to a number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many possible changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are exemplary and not restrictive in every respect. For example, the device of the present invention may be provided with an adjustable valve instead of a bypass baffle to regulate the flow rate of ambient air through the condenser 6. In addition, other gases and liquid refrigerants other than ammonia and isobutane can be used. For example, other gas and liquid refrigerant combinations that can be used include ammonia and propane, hydrogen chloride gas and propylene, ammonia gas and pentane, hydrogen chloride gas and isobutane, and methylamine gas and isobutane. In addition, in addition to using solar energy or mains power to provide heating, heat from external waste heat sources, such as boiler, engine hot water or exhaust heat from refrigeration systems or air-conditioning condensers, can also be transported through ducts to the need to add 200523436 (29) On the hot components, such as the separation tank 64, and achieve the heating effect by the heat transfer contact with the duct. Similarly, in the embodiment of the present invention, the fan may not be used to extract ambient air through the evaporator and / or through the condenser. In this case, the flow of ambient air through the enclosure can be achieved by the thermal convection current caused by the difference in temperature between the evaporator and the temperature of the external ambient air. [Brief description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a plan view of the device for condensing water from the surrounding air according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the device in Fig. 1. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the device of Figure 1. Fig. 4 is a rear view of the evaporator in the apparatus in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the condenser in the device in Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the condenser of Fig. 5 taken along line B-B. FIG. 7 is a view showing a control system in the device in FIG. 1. FIG. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram 'showing the operation of another device of the present invention which condenses water from the surrounding air. Figures 9 to 11 are flowcharts of the control system of the device shown in Figure 8. Figures 12 and 12 are schematic end views of solar thermal tracking devices used to provide heating. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing the heating effect of the reflector -33- 200523436 (30) in the device in Figure 12. [Main component symbol 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 22a 22b 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 3 3 Description] Since the surrounding air evaporator condenser pump system pump chamber top gap tube under the pump system housing Device for water condensate on the upper side of the road gap fin above the lower side of the housing overflow socket refrigerant JDM3 body diffuser outlet delivery pipeline
-34- 200523436 (31) 40 入口 42 溶液 43 下方區域 44 混合器單元 46 水平自由環 48 并 50 液態吸收劑 52 入口 54 周緣 56 外側周邊表面 58 環周突脊 60 孔洞 62 輸送管路 64 分離槽 66 入口 68 內部頂隙 70 出口 72 加熱槽 74 輸送管路 76 升管 78 收集槽 80 回收管 82 輸送管路 84 輸送管路-34- 200523436 (31) 40 inlet 42 solution 43 lower area 44 mixer unit 46 horizontal free ring 48 and 50 liquid absorbent 52 inlet 54 peripheral edge 56 outer peripheral surface 58 peripheral ridge 60 hole 62 conveying pipe 64 separation groove 66 Inlet 68 Internal top gap 70 Outlet 72 Heating tank 74 Conveying pipe 76 Lift pipe 78 Collection tank 80 Recovery pipe 82 Conveying pipe 84 Conveying pipe
-35- 200523436 (32) 86 出 □ 88 傾 斜 段 90 熱 交 換 器 92 輸 送 管 路 94 輸 送 管 路 96 主 要 空 氣 進 氣 □ 98 風 扇 100 出 □ 102 感 測 器 104 溫 度 感 測 器 106 控 制 模 組 108 旁 通 擋 板 110 致 動 器 112 溫 度 感 測 器 114 壓 力 感 測 器 116 水 送 回 系 統 118 球 形 浮 子 120 儲 存 筒 1 22 導 管 1 24 開 P 末 端 126 排 水 導 管 128 加 熱 槽 1 30 水 回 送 管 路 132 太 陽 能 加 埶 j\\\ 裝 置-35- 200523436 (32) 86 Out □ 88 Inclined section 90 Heat exchanger 92 Conveying line 94 Conveying line 96 Main air intake □ 98 Fan 100 Out □ 102 Sensor 104 Temperature sensor 106 Control module 108 Bypass baffle 110 Actuator 112 Temperature sensor 114 Pressure sensor 116 Water return system 118 Spherical float 120 Storage cylinder 1 22 Duct 1 24 Open P end 126 Drain duct 128 Heating tank 1 30 Water return line 132 Solar plus \\ j \\\ device
-36- 200523436 (33) 1 33 平衡器 134 樞銷 136 反射器 13 8 腳架 140 側邊筒槽 142 末端構件 144 輸送管 146 遮陰板 148 後方反射表面 1 50 可撓驅動軸 154 避震器 -37--36- 200523436 (33) 1 33 Balancer 134 Pivot pin 136 Reflector 13 8 Tripod 140 Side barrel groove 142 End member 144 Conveyor tube 146 Shade plate 148 Rear reflective surface 1 50 Flexible drive shaft 154 Shock absorber -37-