SU988873A1

SU988873A1 - Blast furnace air heater

Info

Publication number: SU988873A1
Application number: SU813310553A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Михаил Александрович Масонов; Владимир Васильевич Диденко; Анатолий Леонтьевич Сокольвак; Анатолий Михайлович Близнюк; Леонид Петрович Грес; Виктор Николаевич Никифоров; Юрий Моисеевич Флейшман
Original assignee: Краматорский Металлургический Завод Им.В.В.Куйбышева
Priority date: 1981-06-15
Filing date: 1981-06-15
Publication date: 1983-01-15

Description

Изобретение относится к черной металлургии, в частности к воздухонагревателям доменных печей, и может быть использовано во всех отраслях народного хозяйства, где требуется высокотемпературный нагрев газов. 5The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, in particular to blast furnace air heaters, and can be used in all sectors of the economy where high temperature heating of gases is required. 5

Известны доменные воздухонагреватели, содержащие кожух, огнеупорную футеровку, камеры горения и насадки, купол, закладную трубу с фланцем, термопару с чехлом, огнеупорную пробку с перепуск- ^,сным отверстием, соосным с термопарой £1} Недостатками этого воздухонагревателя являются значительные перегревы кожуха купола й низкая стойкость термопары вследствие интенсивных потоков газа в перепускном отверстии при переключениях воздухонагревателя, что приводит к снижению эффективности нагрева дутья и стойкости купола. _2| Known blast furnaces containing a casing, a refractory lining, combustion chambers and nozzles, a dome, a pipe with a flange, a thermocouple with a cover, a refractory cork with a bypass ^{, with a} hole coaxial with a thermocouple £ 1} The disadvantages of this heater are significant overheating of the dome casing The low resistance of the thermocouple due to intense gas flows in the bypass hole when switching the heater, which reduces the efficiency of heating the blast and the durability of the dome. _{2 |}

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому является доменный воздухонагреватель, содержащий камеры горения и насадки, купол с нижними и верхними слоями кладки, люк, закладную трубу с фланцем, защитный экран и пробку с перепускнььми отверстиями £ 2 J .Closest to the proposed one is a blast furnace heater containing combustion chambers and nozzles, a dome with lower and upper layers of masonry, a hatch, an embedded pipe with a flange, a protective screen and a cork with bypass openings of £ 2 J.

Недостатками данного доменного воздухонагревателя являются высокая трудоемкость, низкая технологичность изготовления установки защитного экрана, что связано с тем, что в настоящее время на заводах эти экраны изготовляют кустарным способом, а также недостаточная эффективность нагрева дутья из-за относительно высоких потерь тепла через купол воздухонагревателя.The disadvantages of this blast furnace heater are the high complexity, low manufacturability of the installation of a protective screen, which is due to the fact that at present these screens are made in a handicraft way, as well as the insufficient efficiency of heating the blast due to the relatively high heat loss through the dome of the heater.

Цель изобретения - повышение технологичности и снижение трудоемкости изготовления защитного экрана, увеличение эффективности нагрева дутья.The purpose of the invention is improving manufacturability and reducing the complexity of manufacturing a protective screen, increasing the efficiency of heating the blast.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что в доменном воздухонагревателе, содержащем камеры горения и насадки, купол с нижними и верхними слоями кладки, люк, закладную трубу с фланцем, защитный экран и пробку с перепускными отверстиями, защитный экран выполнен в виде двухз 988875 4 ступенчатой цилиндрической втулки с от- ' горизонтальнее отверстия 17 под экран верстиями, соединенными с перепускными отверстиями пробки, при этом защитный экран установлен нижней частью с зазором в углублении, выполненном в пробке ₅и расположенном соосно в верхнем ее основании, с диаметром и глубиной соответственно 0,70-0,85 и 0,25-0,35 диаметра пробки.This goal is achieved by the fact that in a blast furnace containing combustion chambers and nozzles, a dome with lower and upper layers of masonry, a hatch, an embedded pipe with a flange, a protective screen and a cork with bypass holes, the protective screen is made in the form of a two-stage 988875 4-stage cylindrical sleeve with - horizontal to the hole 17 under the screen with apertures connected to the bypass holes of the plug, the protective screen is installed with the bottom with a gap in the recess made in the plug ₅ and located coaxially in its upper base, with a diameter and depth of 0.70-0.85 and 0.25-0.35, respectively, of the diameter of the cork.

Кроме того, во втулке выполнены от- ю верстия перпендикулярно вертикальной оси воздухонагревателя, с диаметром и высотой от нижнего основания втулки соответственно 0,25-0,35 и 1,55-1,65 диаметра пробки. 15In addition, a bore is made from an aperture perpendicular to the vertical axis of the heater, with a diameter and a height of 0.25–0.35 and 1.55–1.65 of the tube diameter, respectively. fifteen

На фиг. 1 изображен воздухонагреватель, продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 узел 1 на фиг* 1.In FIG. 1 shows an air heater, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 node 1 in FIG. * 1.

Доменный воздухонагреватель состоит' из кожуха 1, на внутренней поверхности _м. которого расположена огнеупорная футеров· ка 2, камеры 3 горения и камеры 4 насадки, объединенных общим куполом 5, в котором находится люк 6. В отверстиях люка 6 закреплена закладная труба 7, ₂$ входящая в вертикальное отверстие 8 огнеупорной пробки 9, выполненной из того же материала, что и несущий слой футеровки купола 5, и закрепленная в последнем. 30The blast furnace heater consists of a casing 1, on the inner surface of _m . of which there is a refractory lining · ka 2, combustion chambers 3 and nozzle chambers 4, united by a common dome 5, in which there is a hatch 6. In the holes of the hatch 6 there is a fixed pipe 7, $ ₂ included in the vertical hole 8 of the refractory plug 9 made of the same material as the bearing layer of the lining of the dome 5, and fixed in the latter. thirty

Пробка выполняется из двух половиной, разделенных вертикальным разъемом. Такое выполнение пробки взамен сбора ее из четырех половин улучшает технологичность ее изготовления и сбора, снижает трудовые затраты при установке проб— ^3Sки.The cork is made of two half, separated by a vertical connector. Such execution of the cork instead of collecting it from four halves improves the manufacturability of its manufacture and collection, reduces labor costs when installing samples — ^3S ki.

Пробка 9, кроме того, имеет вертикальное углубление 10 для установки нижнего основания 11 защитного экрана 12.The plug 9, in addition, has a vertical recess 10 for installing the lower base 11 of the protective screen 12.

Между огнеупорной футеровкой 2 кожуха 1 и изоляцией 13 купола 5 имеется воздушный зазор 14, необходимый для расширения стен воздухонагревателя и купола 5. Коаксиально люку 6 устанавливается защитный экран 12 с двумя ⁴⁵вертикальными отверстиями 15, расположенными соосно с вертикальными отверстиями 8 огнеупорной пробки 9. При этом закладная труба 16 под термопару может быть установлена в любом из отверстий ⁵⁰8 пробки 9. В нижнем основании 11 экрана 12 выполнены 2 горизонтальных отверстия 17, . соединяющихся с вертикальными отверстиями 15. В период наполнения воздухонагревателя горячее ⁵⁵дутье черед свободное отверстие 8 в пробке 9 и отверстия 15 в нижнем основании 11 экрана. 12 направляется через вдоль теплоизоляции 13 купола в зазор 14, что снижает давление дутья на купол.Between the refractory lining 2 of the casing 1 and the insulation 13 of the dome 5 there is an air gap 14 necessary for expanding the walls of the heater and the dome 5. Coaxially to the hatch 6, a protective screen 12 is installed with two ⁴⁵ vertical holes 15 located coaxially with the vertical holes 8 of the refractory plug 9. When this embedded pipe 16 under the thermocouple can be installed in any of the holes ⁵⁰ 8 of the plug 9. In the lower base 11 of the screen 12 there are 2 horizontal holes 17,. connecting with vertical holes 15. During the filling period of the hot air heater ⁵⁵ blasting is followed by a free hole 8 in the plug 9 and holes 15 in the lower base 11 of the screen. 12 is guided through the heat insulation 13 of the dome into the gap 14, which reduces the pressure of the blast on the dome.

Вертикальный участок отверстия 15, в который не вставлена закладная труба 7 выше горизонтального отверстия 17, перед разогревом заполняется глиной.The vertical section of the hole 15, in which the embedded pipe 7 is not inserted above the horizontal hole 17, is filled with clay before heating.

Высота зазора выбирается таким образом, чтобы не происходило касания экрана 12 футеровки 2 кожуха 1 при разогреве и эксплуатации воздухонагревателя.The height of the gap is selected so that there is no contact of the screen 12 of the lining 2 of the casing 1 during heating and operation of the air heater.

Технико—экономическое сопоставление известного доменного воздухонагревателя и предлагаемого выявляет преимущества .последнего.The technical and economic comparison of the known blast furnace and the proposed one reveals the advantages of the latter.

Большая технологичность изготовления узла купольного экрана достигается за счет возможности изготовления его вместе с пробкой на огнеупорных заводах в качестве ординарных огнеупорных изделий.Great manufacturability of the dome screen assembly is achieved due to the possibility of manufacturing it together with a cork at refractory plants as ordinary refractory products.

Например, для современных высокотемпературных воздухонагревателей пробка 9 может быть выполнена динасовой, а экран 12 - из пористых огнеупоров (КЛ1,3; ШЛБ-1,0 и т.д.).For example, for modern high-temperature air heaters, plug 9 can be made of dynamos, and screen 12 of porous refractories (KL1,3; ShLB-1,0, etc.).

Повышение эффективности нагрева дутья вытекает из того, что выполнение купольного экрана из пористых огнеупоров снижает температуру на его наружной поверхности, что уменьшает лучистый поток на футеровку, примыкающую к кожуху, повышает стойкость кожуха 1 купола и его футеровки 2.Improving the efficiency of heating the blast results from the fact that the implementation of the dome screen of porous refractories reduces the temperature on its outer surface, which reduces the radiant flux to the lining adjacent to the casing, increases the resistance of the casing 1 of the dome and its lining 2.

Необходимость выбора принятых конструктивных параметров следующая.The need to select the accepted design parameters is as follows.

Диаметр углубления в пробке составляет 0,70-0,85 ее диаметра. При диаметре углубления, меньшем 0,7 диаметра пробки, установка экрана неустойчива, а простенки у отверстий для установки термопары тонкие и недостаточно прочные, а при диаметре углубления, большем 0,85 диаметра пробки, завышен расход материала на изготовление купольного экрана и недостаточно прочным оказывается поясок на верхнем основании пробки, образующий углубление для установки купольного экрана.The diameter of the recess in the cork is 0.70-0.85 of its diameter. When the recess diameter is less than 0.7 of the plug diameter, the screen installation is unstable, and the walls at the holes for installing the thermocouple are thin and not strong enough, and when the recess diameter is larger than 0.85 of the plug diameter, the material consumption for the manufacture of the dome screen is overestimated and is not durable enough a band on the upper base of the cork, forming a recess for installing the dome screen.

Высота углубления в верхнем основании пробки составляет 0,25-0,35 ее (пробки) диаметра. При высоте углубления, меньшем 0,25 диаметра пробки, установка купольного экрана неустойчива, а при высоте углубления, большем 0,35 диаметра пробки, завышен расход материала на изготовление экрана, а прочность пробкиThe height of the recess in the upper base of the cork is 0.25-0.35 of its (cork) diameter. When the height of the recess is less than 0.25 of the diameter of the cork, the installation of the dome screen is unstable, and when the height of the recess is greater than 0.35 of the diameter of the cork, the material consumption for the manufacture of the screen is overestimated, and the strength of the cork

Claims

(54) DOMAIN AIR HEATER The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, in particular to air heaters of blast furnaces, and can be used in all sectors of the national economy that require temperature-heating of gases. Blast stove heaters are known that contain a casing, a refractory lining, combustion chambers and nozzles, a dome, an inlet pipe with a flange, a thermocouple with a cover, a refractory 1 stopper with a bypass hole coaxially with a thermocouple. gas flows in the bypass hole when switching the air heater, which leads to a decrease in the effect of heating to blow to the resistance of the dome. The closest to the proposed is a pre-heater, which contained combustion chambers and nozzles, a bottom with upper and lower layers, a hatch, an inlet pipe with a flange, a protective screen and a stopper with overflow holes j. The disadvantages of this blast furnace heater are high labor intensity, low manufacturability of the installation of the protective shield, which is due to the fact that at present in factories at the factories these screens are made in an artisanal way, as well as insufficient heating effect due to relatively high heat losses through Dome of the hot water heater. The purpose of the invention is to improve the manufacturability and reduce the complexity of manufacturing a protective screen, increasing the efficiency of heating to blow. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a blast furnace air heater containing combustion chambers and nozzles, a dome with lower and upper layers of the stowage, a hatch, a mortgage plate with a flange, a protective screen and a stopper with overflow chatter holes, openings connected to the overflow openings of the plug, while the protective screen is installed with the lower part with a gap in the recess made in the plug and located coaxially in the upper core, with a diameter and depth of 0 , 70-0.85 and 0.25-0.35 of the diameter of the tube. In addition, in the sleeve there are o-layouts perpendicular to the vertical axis of the air heater, with diameter and height from the bottom base of the tube, 0.25, 10, 35 and 1.55-1.65, respectively, of the tube diameter. FIG. 1 shows an air heater, longitudinal section; in fig. 2 node 1 in FIG. 1. The blast stove consists of a casing 1, on the inner surface. the refractory lining 2, the combustion chambers 3 and the chamber 4 of the nozzle united by a common dome 5 in which there is a hatch 6. is located in the opening of the hatch 6 there is fixed an insertion pipe 7 which enters the vertical opening 8 of the refractory stopper 9 made from the same material that the carrier layer of the lining of the dome 5, and secured in the latter. The stopper comes out of the two half | separated by a vertical connector. Such an implementation of a cork, instead of collecting it from four halves, improves the technology of its manufacture and collection, and reduces labor costs when installing the cork. The plug 9 also has a vertical recess 10 for installing the lower base 11 of the protective screen 12. Between the refractory lining 2 skin x 1 and the insulation 13 of the dome 5 there is an air gap 14 needed to expand the walls of the air heater and the dome 5. Coaxial to the hatch 6 A protective screen 12 is installed with two vertical holes 15 arranged coaxially with the vertical openings 8 of the refractory plug 9. At the same time, the tube 16 for the thermocouple can be installed in any of the holes 8 of the plug 9. In the lower base 11 of the screen 12 in 2 full horizontal opening 17 ,. connecting with vertically - 1 holes 15. During the filling period of the hot air there is a hot blast turn free hole 8 in the plug 9 and holes 15 in the bottom base 11 of the screen. 12 is pushed through horizontal openings 17 under the screen 12 along the heat insulation 13 of the dome into the gap 14, which reduces the pressure to blow onto the dome. The vertical section of the hole 15, which is not inserted into the foundation pipe 7 of the horizontal hole 17, is filled with clay before heating. The clearance view is selected so that the screen 12 of the lining 2 of the casing 1 does not touch during heating and operation of the air heater. A technical and economic comparison of the known blast furnace heater and the proposed one reveals the advantages of the latter. Greater manufacturability of manufacturing the dome screen is achieved by the possibility of manufacturing it together with cork in refractory factories as ordinary refractory products. For example, for modern high-temperature air heaters, the stopper 9 can be filled with dinas, and the screen 12 can be made of porous refractory materials (CL-1.3; SHLB-1.0, etc.). Increased heating efficiency blows from the fact that the implementation of the dome of the screen of porous refractories reduces the temperature on its outer surface, which reduces the radiant flux on the lining, adhering to the casing, increases the resistance of the casing 1 of the dome and its lining

2. The need to select the accepted design parameters is as follows. The diameter of the recess in the plug is 0.70-0.85 of its diameter. With a recess diameter of less than 0.7 tube diameter, the screen installation is unstable, and the walls at the thermocouple installation holes are thin and not strong enough, and with a recess diameter larger than 0.85 plug diameter, the material consumption for the dome screen production is too high and not strong enough On the juice on the upper base of the plug, forming a recess for installing a cupola screen. The recess in the upper base of the plug is O, 25-O, 35 e; (plugs) diameter. With a recess height of less than 0.25 cork diameter, the installation of the dome screen is unstable, and with a recess height of more than 0.35 cork diamer, the material consumption for production of the screen is too high, and the cork strength is insufficient. The bypass holes in the base of the screen have diameters O, 25-O, 35 dz a- meter plugs. When the diameter of the holes is less than 0.25 of the tube diameter, the filling of the air gap between the lining of the dome casing and the thermal insulation layer 1 1 of the dome is slowed down, which leads to a third pressure on the dome due to insufficient pressure on the dome surface. the cold side. With a bore diameter of more than 0.35 cork diameter, the bottom base of the screen is weakened, and the screen is not strong enough. The bypass holes at the base of the screen are located at a distance of 1.55-1.65 of the diameter of the plug. When they are located at a distance of less than 1.55 of the tube diameter, the jet coming out of the bypass holes produces erosion of the heat insulating layer of the dome, and when they are spaced at a distance of 1.65 of the diameter of the stopper, erosion of the upper base of the screen the consumption of material on having exhausted the plugs is overestimated in comparison with the necessary. Through the use of the invention to improve the manufacturability, the labor intensity of manufacturing is reduced, the heating efficiency of hot water is increased (the temperature rises by 10-15 ° C), the resistance of the air heater cup is increased by 25-35%, Formula IHT 1, Domain Air Heater, containing chambers of ropeiffl and nozzles, a dome with lower and upper masonry, a hatch, an inset pipe with a flange, a protective screen and a stopper with overflow openings, characterized in that, in order to increase the technology and reduce labor intensity making a protective screen, increasing the efficiency of heating to blow, the protective screen is made in the form of a two-stage cylindrical bushing with openings connected to the bypass openings of the stopper, while the protective screen is installed in the lower part with a gap in the recess made in the stopper and located coaxially in its upper part basis; -, scientific research institutes with a diameter of 1 and a depth of 0.70-0.85 and 0.25-0.35, respectively, of the stopper diameter, 2, Air heater according to claim 1, 1, characterized by the fact that the perpendycule holes in the sleeve are vertical axis of air hovagrevatel, and a diameter of the lower base vyuotoy shsh sleeve respectively 0.25-0.35 and 1.55-1.65 tube diameter. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Yakovenko A, P, and others. Steel, 1973, No. 1, p. 885, rice, 2, 2, USSR Author's Certificate No. 697566, class, C 21 V 9 / OO 1978