SU967350A1

SU967350A1 - Device for separating root-and-tuber cropsf rom stones and soil lumps

Info

Publication number: SU967350A1
Application number: SU813238438A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Юрий Иванович Кириенко; Лев Иванович Левчук; Николай Николаевич Колчин; Геннадий Дмитриевич Петров; Виктор Петрович Трусов; Виталий Петрович Ключников
Priority date: 1981-01-19
Filing date: 1981-01-19
Publication date: 1982-10-23

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению, в частности к устройствам для отделения корнеклубнеплодов от камней и комков почвы, используемым в уборочных машинах; а также в линиях для очистки корнеклубнеплодов от примесей. 5The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for separating root crops from stones and lumps of soil used in harvesting machines; as well as in lines for cleaning root crops from impurities. 5

Известно устройство для отделения корнеклубнеплодов от камней и комков почвы, содержащее транспортер с бесконечным полотном, имеющим рабочую поверхность с эластичными кольцами, над кото]рыми распо- ₁₀ложен установленный на валу сбрасыватель ’ с наружной поверхностью, выполненной в виде щетки [1].A device for separating stones from root crops and the soil lumps, comprising a conveyor with an endless web having a work surface with the elastic rings, over which] By arranging rymi ₁₀ mounted on a shaft false diverter 'with an outer surface shaped as a brush [1].

Однако известное устройство не обеспечивает необходимого качества отделения корнеклубнеплодов от примесей, что обуславли- 15 вается одинаковым силовым воздействием ворса щетки как на корнеклубнеплоды, так и на камни и комки почвы.However, the known device does not provide the necessary quality of separation of root crops from impurities, which is caused by the same force action of the brush pile on both root crops and stones and soil lumps.

Цель изобретения— повышение эффективности разделения компонентов. .The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of components. .

Эта цель достигается тем, что сбрасыватель установлен в разгрузочной зоне транспортера и выполнен секционным, каждая секция которого подпружинена и выполнена поворотной относительно вала.This goal is achieved by the fact that the ejector is installed in the discharge zone of the conveyor and is made sectional, each section of which is spring-loaded and rotatable relative to the shaft.

При этом за транспортером и ниже его расположен гаситель скорости корнеклубнеплодов, выполненный в виде вальца с эластичной поверхностью.At the same time, behind the conveyor and below it there is a quencher of the rate of root crops, made in the form of a roller with an elastic surface.

На фиг. 1 схематично изображено устройство для отделения корнеклубнеплодов от камней и комков почвы, вид сбоку; на фиг. 2 — разрез А—А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for separating root tubers from stones and lumps of soil, side view; in FIG. 2 — section A — A in FIG. 1.

Устройство выполнено в виде транспортера Г с бесконечным полотном, имеющим рабочую поверхность с эластичными пальцами, над которыми расположен сбрасыватель 2 с наружной поверхностью в виде щетки. Сбрасыватель 2 выполнен секционным, при этом каждая секция содержит жестко закрепленный на ней штифт 3, входящий в кольцевой паз, выполненный в трубчатом валу 4. Каждая секция сбрасывателя 2 содержит эластичные пальцы 5 и снабжена пружинами 6 кручения, закрепленными средней частью на продольной оси 7 и соединенными свободными концами со штифтами 3. Ось 7 жестко соединена с фланцами 8, установленными в подшипниковых опорах 9. Фланцы 8 закреплены с трубчатым валом 4 любым известным разъемным способом. Каждая секция имеет возможность совершать возвратно-враш.ате.1ьное движение на приводном валу 4. Направление вращения секций сбрасывателя 2 совпадает с направлением перемещения верхней ветви транспортера 1 в зоне их взамодействия. Непосредственно за транспортером 1 и несколько ниже его поверхности установлен вращающийся цилиндр 10 с эластичной поверхностью, выполняющий функции гасителя скорости транспортируемого продукта. Транспортер 1 может быть выполнен в виде многоканального устройства, образованного, например, из параллельных эластичных бесконечных ремней.The device is made in the form of a conveyor G with an endless web having a working surface with elastic fingers, over which a dropper 2 with an outer surface in the form of a brush is located. The ejector 2 is made sectional, with each section containing a pin 3 rigidly fixed on it, which is included in the annular groove made in the tubular shaft 4. Each section of the ejector 2 contains elastic fingers 5 and is equipped with torsion springs 6 fixed to the middle part on the longitudinal axis 7 and connected by free ends with pins 3. Axis 7 is rigidly connected to flanges 8 mounted in bearing bearings 9. Flanges 8 are fixed to the tubular shaft 4 by any known detachable method. Each section has the ability to make a reverse-atomic movement on the drive shaft 4. The direction of rotation of the sections of the ejector 2 coincides with the direction of movement of the upper branch of the conveyor 1 in the area of their interaction. Directly behind the conveyor 1 and somewhat lower than its surface is a rotating cylinder 10 with an elastic surface that acts as a dampener for the speed of the transported product. The conveyor 1 can be made in the form of a multi-channel device formed, for example, of parallel elastic endless belts.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Ворох корнеклубнеплодов, камней и комков почвы подается на транспортер 1 с рабочей эластичной поверхностью. Камни и комки почвы, имеющие больший удельный вес, значительно деформируют пальчики транспортера 1 и углубляются в его пальчиковую поверхность, а корнеклубнеплоды располагаются на поверхности несколько выше, чем камни и комки. Компоненты вороха, расположенные на разных уровнях, подводятся транспортером 1 в зону секций сбрасывателя 2. Здесь объекты попадают под воздействие пальцев 5 секций, смонтированных подвижно на приводном трубчатом валу 4. Это позволяет пальцам 5 захватывать расположенные сверху корнеплоды и сбрс.ывать их с транспортера 1 вперед по ходу его движения. В случае контакта пальцев 5 с защемленным камнем или комком почвы, они замедляют скорость вращения, при этом секция проворачивается на валу 3 и за счет закручивания пружины 6 приобретает некоторую потенциальную энергию.A pile of root crops, stones and lumps of soil is fed to the conveyor 1 with a working elastic surface. Stones and lumps of soil, having a larger specific gravity, significantly deform the fingers of the conveyor 1 and deepen into its finger surface, and root crops are located on the surface slightly higher than stones and lumps. The components of the heap located at different levels are brought by the conveyor 1 into the area of the sections of the ejector 2. Here, the objects are affected by the fingers of 5 sections mounted movably on the drive tubular shaft 4. This allows the fingers 5 to grab the root crops located on top and dump them from the conveyor 1 forward along its course. In the case of contact of the fingers 5 with a pinched stone or a lump of soil, they slow down the rotation speed, while the section is rotated on the shaft 3 and acquires some potential energy due to the twisting of the spring 6.

При повороте секции на валу 4 усилие давления ее пальцев 5 повышается, поэтому при наблюдающемся сравнивании скоростей движения транспортера 1 и секции сбрасывателя 2 пальцы 5 интенсивнее вдавливают почвенный комок или камень в поверхностный слой транспортера 1, что повышает качество разделения компонентов. Этому способствует также повышенный в сравнении с корнеплодами коэффициент трения камней и комков о поверхность щетки и транспортера 1 и различия в форме корнеплодов и примесей.When the section is rotated on the shaft 4, the pressure force of its fingers 5 increases, therefore, with the observed comparison of the speeds of the conveyor 1 and the section of the ejector 2, the fingers 5 more intensively press the soil lump or stone into the surface layer of the conveyor 1, which improves the quality of separation of the components. This is also facilitated by the coefficient of friction of stones and lumps on the surface of the brush and conveyor 1, increased in comparison with root crops, and by differences in the shape of root crops and impurities.

По прекращении контакта пальцев 5 с камнем или почвенным комком секция ускоряет вращение, возвращаясь в исходное положение, при этом она с некоторым дополнительным импульсом воздействует на следующий компонент смеси. В случае встречи с юрнеплодом пальцы 5 выкатывают его на поверхность транспортера 1 и сбрасывают в направлении гасителя 10 скорости. При встрече с камнем или почвенным комком зальцы 5 некоторое время проскальзывают о их поверхности, затем, замедляя скорость ί закручиваясь, прижимают их сверху и, тем самым, усиливают эффект защемления их элементами поверхности транспортера 1. Это одновременно предохраняет пальцы 5 секций от пластической деформации и поломок.Upon termination of the contact of fingers 5 with a stone or soil lump, the section accelerates rotation, returning to its original position, while it acts with some additional impulse on the next component of the mixture. In the event of meeting with the yurnodlod, fingers 5 roll it onto the surface of the conveyor 1 and dump it in the direction of the damper 10. When meeting with a stone or soil lump, the mats 5 slip for some time about their surface, then, slowing down the speed ί spinning, press them on top and, thereby, enhance the effect of pinching them with elements of the surface of the conveyor 1. This simultaneously protects the fingers of 5 sections from plastic deformation and breakdowns.

Каждая секция работает авто 'омно и взаимодействует с корнеплодом или камнем (комком почвы) по мере подачи по всей ширине транспортера 1, периодически закручиваясь и раскручиваясь в зависимости от условий взаимодействия.Each section works automatically and interacts with a root crop or stone (lump of soil) as it feeds over the entire width of conveyor 1, periodically spinning and spinning, depending on the conditions of interaction.

Корнеплоды, подаваемые транспортером 1 и снимаемые с него пальцами 5 каждой секции, попадают на вращающийся цилиндр 10, снабженный эластичной поверхностью, например щеточным ворсом. Цилиндр 10 имеет окружную скорость примерно в 1,5—The root crops supplied by the conveyor 1 and removed from it by the fingers 5 of each section fall on a rotating cylinder 10 provided with an elastic surface, for example a brush pile. Cylinder 10 has a peripheral speed of about 1.5—

2,5 раза меньше окружной скорости пальцев 5 секций 2, что позволяет погасить скорость подаваемых корнеклубнеплодов. Почвенные комки и камни сходят с транспортера 1, касаясь ворса цилиндра 10 в нижней его части, поэтому не захватываются им и скатываются вниз.2.5 times less than the peripheral speed of the fingers of 5 sections 2, which allows you to pay off the speed of the supplied root crops. Soil lumps and stones leave the conveyor 1, touching the pile of the cylinder 10 in its lower part, therefore they are not captured by it and roll down.

Устройство позволяет транспортировать корнеплоды по ходу движения без пересечения с траекторией движения камней и комков почвы за счет их ускоренного сбрасывания с пальчикового транспортера, что позволяет увеличить производительность устройства и повысить качество разделения, предупредить поломки пальцев секций, а также снизить повреждения путем исключения взаимодействия корнеплодов с камнями и комками и применения гасителя в виде вращающегося эластичного цилиндра.The device allows you to transport root crops along the path without crossing the path of stones and lumps of soil due to their accelerated dropping from the finger conveyor, which allows to increase the productivity of the device and improve the quality of separation, prevent damage to the fingers of the sections, and also reduce damage by eliminating the interaction of root crops with stones and lumps and the use of a damper in the form of a rotating elastic cylinder.

Claims

(54) an apparatus for separating root crops from stones and KO / V1KOB SOIL This invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for separating root crops and stones from soil lumps used in harvesting machines, atakzhe in lines for cleaning root crops from impurities. A device for separating a root of tuber crops from stones and soil lumps is known, which contains a conveyor with an endless web having a working surface with elastic rings, above which there is a reset device mounted on the shaft with a surface made in the form of sh.etka 1. However, the known device does not provide the necessary quality of separation of the roots from the impurities, which is caused by the same force effect of the pile sh.etki both on the roots and on the stones and soil lumps. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of components. . This goal is achieved by the fact that the ejector is installed in the discharge zone of the conveyor and is made sectional, each section of which is spring-loaded and made rotatable relative to the shaft. At the same time behind the conveyor and below it is the damper of the speed of the tubers, made in the form of a roller with an elastic surface. FIG. 1 shows schematically a device for separating a root-and-vegetable crop from stones and soil lumps, side view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1. The device is made in the form of a conveyor G with an infinite canvas, having a working surface with elastic fingers, above which is a diverter 2 with an outer surface in the form of w, yaki. The ejector 2 is sectional, with each section containing a pin 3 rigidly attached thereto, an entry shy into an annular groove made in the tubular shaft 4. Each section of the ejector 2 contains elastic fingers 5 and is equipped with torsion springs 6 fixed to the middle part on the longitudinal axis 7 and connected free ends with pins 3. Axis 7 is rigidly connected to the flanges 8 installed in the bearing supports 9. The flanges 8 are fixed to the tubular shaft 4 by any known detachable method. Each section has the ability to make reciprocating movement on the drive shaft 4. The direction of rotation of the sections of the ejector 2 coincides with the direction of movement of the upper branch of the conveyor 1 in the area of their interaction. Directly behind the conveyor 1 and slightly below its surface there is a rotating cylinder 10 with an elastic surface, performing the functions of a speed quencher of the transported product. The conveyor 1 can be made in the form of a multi-channel device, formed, for example, from parallel elastic endless belts. The device works as follows. A heap of root crops, stones and soil lumps is fed to the conveyor 1 with an elastic working surface. Stones and lumps of soil, which have a larger specific gravity, significantly deform the fingers of the conveyor 1 and deepen into its finger surface, while the roots and tubers are somewhat higher on the surface than stones and lumps. The heap components located at different levels are conveyed by conveyor 1 to the zone of the sections of the ejector 2. Here objects fall under the influence of the fingers 5 sections movably mounted on the drive tubular shaft 4. This allows the fingers 5 to pick up the root crops located above and the cbr. Vat them from the conveyor 1 forward in the course of its movement. In the case of contact paltsen G; with a clamped stone or a lump of soil, they slow down the rotational speed, and the section rotates on the shaft 3 and, due to the twisting of the spring 6, acquires some potential energy. When the section is rotated on the shaft 4, the pressure force of its fingers 5 rises, therefore, when the movement speeds of the conveyor 1 and the ejector section 2 are observed comparing, the fingers 5 force the soil ball or stone into the surface layer of the conveyor 1 more intensively, which increases the separation quality of the components. This also contributes to the increased coefficient of friction of stones and lumps on the surface of the brush and conveyor 1, as compared to the roots, and the difference in the form of root crops and impurities. Upon the cessation of the contact of the fingers 5 with a stone or a soil lump, the section accelerates the rotation, returning to the initial position, while it with a certain additional impulse affects the desired component of the mixture. In the case of a meeting with: h) p 1p11lod, fingers 5 roll it over the conveyor 1 and drop 10 speeds in the direction of the extinguisher. When meeting a stone or soil lump, the slots 5 slip for a while on their surface, then, slowing down, twisting, press them from above and, thereby, increase the effect of pinching them on the surface of the conveyor 1. At the same time, the fingers of the 5 sections prevent plastic deformation and breakage. Each section works and interacts with the root crop or stone (soil clod) as it is fed all over the conveyor belt 1, periodically twisting and unwinding depending on the interaction conditions. The roots supplied by the conveyor 1 and removed from it by the fingers 5 of each section fall onto the rotating cylinder 10 provided with an elastic surface, for example a brush pile. The cylinder 10 has a peripheral speed of about 1.5-2.5 times less than the peripheral speed of the fingers 5 of the sections 2, which allows you to extinguish the speed of the fed vegetables. The soil lumps and stones descend from the conveyor 1, touching the pile of the cylinder 10 in its lower part, therefore they are not caught by it and roll down. The device allows to transport the roots along the movement without interfering with the trajectory of the stones and soil lumps due to their accelerated dropping from the finger conveyor, which allows to increase the productivity of the device and improve the quality of separation, prevent damage to the fingers of the sections, and reduce damage by eliminating the interaction of root crops with stones and lumps and application of a quencher in the form of a rotating elastic cylinder. Claim 1. A device for separating roots and tubers from stones and soil lumps, comprising a conveyor with an endless web having a working surface with elastic rings, over which is mounted a shaft-mounted resetter with an outer surface made in the form of a brush, characterized in that increase the efficiency of separation of components, the ejector is installed in the unloading zone of the conveyor and made sectional, each section of which is spring-loaded and made rotatable relative to ala

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the conveyor and is the damper of the speed of the root crops, made in the form of a roller with an elastic surface. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. G. Petrov D. Potato harvesting machines. M., “Mashinostroenie, 197, p. 254–255.