SU873941A1

SU873941A1 - Apparatus for measuring pressure in pulling channels of agricultural machines

Info

Publication number: SU873941A1
Application number: SU802921181A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Гедаль Абрамович Хайлис; Галина Васильевна Макарова; Николай Нилович Быков; Михаил Михайлович Ковалев; Николай Савельевич Сартаков
Original assignee: за вители Макарова, Н. Н. Быков, -и Н. С. Сартаков
Priority date: 1980-05-05
Filing date: 1980-05-05
Publication date: 1981-10-23

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению и предназначено для измерения давления между ремнями, теребильных секций сельхозмашин и, в частности, между плоскими теребильными рем-., ними и профилированными ремнями транс- _ портеров льнокомбайнов.The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for measuring pressure between belts, top sections of agricultural machines and, in particular, between flat top-lifting belts, them and profiled belts of flax harvester conveyors.

Известны устройства для определения .давления между ремнями сельхозмашин, которые предназначены для определения интенсивности нагрузки между гибкими телами, имеющими только плоскую поверх- ю ность [1].Known devices for determining the pressure between the belts of agricultural machines, which are designed to determine the intensity of the load between flexible bodies having only a flat surface [1].

Недостатком этих устройств является то что точечное давление с помощью этих приборов измерить невозможно. · , Известно устройство для измерения давления, включающее катодные генераторы, ^,5основной конденсатор и емкостной чувствительный элемент из пружинящих пластин [2].The disadvantage of these devices is that the point pressure cannot be measured using these devices. ·, It is known a device for measuring pressure, including cathode generators, ⁵ main capacitor and capacitive sensing element from spring plates [2].

Однако оно не может быть использовано для измерения давления между ремнями из-за того, что в нем между пружинящими _мпластинами находится твердый диэлектрик. Если установить между пластинами гибкий изоляционный слой, то такое устройство можно использовать лишь для' измерения интенсивности распределения нагрузки на единицу длины линии контакта ремней. Измерение же точечного давления этим устройством невозможно из-за' того, что деформация пружинящих его пластин устанавливается не от давления в каждой точке, а от общего давления на всей длине контакта.However, it can not be used for measuring the pressure between the belts due to the fact that therein between resilient plates _m is a solid dielectric. If a flexible insulating layer is installed between the plates, such a device can only be used to measure the intensity of the load distribution per unit length of the contact line of the belts. The measurement of point pressure by this device is impossible due to the fact that the deformation of the plates springing it is established not from the pressure at each point, but from the total pressure along the entire contact length.

Цёль изобретения — измерение давления в любой точке теребильного ручья и повышение точности измерения давления между ремнями при любой кривизне полости сжатия.The aim of the invention is the measurement of pressure at any point of the topping stream and increasing the accuracy of measuring pressure between the belts for any curvature of the compression cavity.

Это достигается тем, что устройство снаб жено основанием с окном для размещения в нем чувствительного элемента, причем основание и чувствительный элемент выполнены в виде чередующихся гибких металлических и изолирующих пластин и снабжены изолирующей оболочкой.This is achieved by the fact that the device is provided with a base with a window for accommodating the sensing element therein, the base and the sensing element being made in the form of alternating flexible metal and insulating plates and provided with an insulating sheath.

На фиг. 1 изображено устройство для измерения давления, вид сбоку; на фиг. 2 — то же, вид сверху; на фиг. 3 — основание с чувствительным элементом; на фиг. 4 и 5 — влияние установки чувствительного элемента на точность измерений; на фиг. 6 — установка устройства при измерении давле3 ния между плоскими ремнями; на фиг. 7 — то же, между профилированными ремнями.In FIG. 1 shows a device for measuring pressure, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in FIG. 3 - base with a sensitive element; in FIG. 4 and 5 - the influence of the installation of the sensitive element on the accuracy of measurements; in FIG. 6 - installation of the device when measuring pressure between flat belts; in FIG. 7 - the same, between profiled belts.

Устройство состоит из гибкого основания 1 с чувстельным элементом, держателя 2 и измерителя емкости .3. Измеритель емкости снабжен стрелочным прибором 4, выключа- 5 телем 5 и регулятором 6 для установки стрелки на нуль.The device consists of a flexible base 1 with a sensing element, a holder 2 and a capacitance meter. 3. The capacitance meter is equipped with a pointer device 4, a switch 5, a body 5 and a regulator 6 for setting the arrow to zero.

Гибкое основание 1 составлено из двух гибких металлических пластин 7 и 8 (например, меднай’фольга), над которыми уложены по два гибких изоляционных слоя 9, 10, 11 и 12 (например, парафинированная бумага) и между которыми уложен гибкий изоляционный слой 13. Эти пластины и изоляционные слои составляют гибкое основание 1. В основании в необходимом для из- 15 мёрения месте прорезается отверстие (гнездо), в которое вставляется емкостной чувствительный элемент 14 той же формы, что и гнездо (например, квадратной формы), и из тех же материалов, что и основание, т. е. из двух квадратных гибких металлических ²⁰пластин, содержащих изоляционный слой между ними и обтянутых вокруг дважды с двух сторон изоляционным слоем (это делается с целью недопущения возможного контакта металлических пластин чувстви- 25 тельного элемента — конденсатора с металлическими пластинами гибкого основания). В результате этого толщина чувствительного элемента и основания одинакова, также одинаковы упругие свойства чувствительного элемента и основания и их сопротивление ³⁰сжатию, а также гибкость. Такие одинаковые показатели необходимы для повышения точности измерения точечного давления. Для создания прочности основание с чувствительным элементом обтягивается сплош- _J5ным гибким изоляционным, слоем 15 и поверх него гибкой изолирующей оболочкой 16 из фторпласта, которые скрепляются по краям.Flexible base 1 is composed of two flexible metal plates 7 and 8 (for example, copper foil), over which two flexible insulating layers 9, 10, 11 and 12 (for example, waxed paper) are laid and between which a flexible insulating layer 13 is laid. These plates and insulating layers make up flexible base 1. At the base, in the place necessary for measuring 15, a hole (socket) is cut into which a capacitive sensing element 14 of the same shape as the socket (for example, square shape) is inserted, and of those the same materials as the base, i.e. e. from two square flexible metal ²⁰ plates containing an insulating layer between them and wrapped around twice on both sides by an insulating layer (this is done to prevent possible contact of the metal plates of the sensitive element - the capacitor with the metal plates of the flexible base). As a result of this, the thickness of the sensitive element and the base is the same, the elastic properties of the sensitive element and the base and their resistance to compression ³⁰ , as well as flexibility, are the same. These same indicators are necessary to improve the accuracy of measuring point pressure. To create strength, the base with the sensitive element is covered with a continuous _J5 flexible insulating layer 15 and on top of it a flexible insulating sheath 16 made of fluorine plastic, which are fastened at the edges.

К металлическим пластинам чувствительного элемента припаяны провода, концы 40 которых выводятся к гнезду, связанному с измерителем емкости.Wires are soldered to the metal plates of the sensing element, the ends of which 40 are output to the socket connected to the capacitance meter.

Установка чувствительного элемента в специальном гнезде заподлицо с обеими поверхностями гибкого основания позволит повысить точность измерения. Если попы- ⁴⁵таться измерить точечное давление чувствительным элементом, выступающим над гибким основанием (фиг. 4), то на пластины ВС чувствительного элемента, вследствие того, что их толщина больше толщины ос- 50 нования, будет давить не только сила давления на участок B_f С|, который занимают пластины, но и дополнительная сила, являющаяся частью сил давления на участках А| В| и С| D». Согласно законам механики длина участков А» Bi и С₍Д₍ не является 55 одной и той же при изменении кривизны ручья, сил натяжения ремней и жесткости ремней; ввиду этого невозможно во время тарировки учесть влияние участков Αι В» и Ci D; на точность измерений и внесение в связи с этим соответствующих поправок в показания прибора. В то же время, если толщина чувствительного элемента окажется равной толщине основания, то пластины ВС элемента будут воспринимать лишь давление на участке Bi Ci (фиг. 5), т. е. то давление, которое и нужно определить.Installing the sensor in a special socket flush with both surfaces of the flexible base will improve measurement accuracy. If popy- ⁴⁵ tatsya measure point pressure sensitive element projecting over the flexible base (FIG. 4), the sun sensor on plate due to the fact that their thickness is greater than the thickness 50 OC Considerations will push not only the pressure force on the portion B _f C |, which is occupied by the plates, but also an additional force, which is part of the pressure forces in sections A | In | and C | D ". According to the laws of mechanics, the length of sections A »Bi and C ₍ D _(is not 55 the same when changing the curvature of the stream, the tension of the belts and the stiffness of the belts; therefore, it is impossible to take into account the influence of the sections Αι В» and Ci D during calibration; on the accuracy measurements and making corresponding corrections in the readings of the device, at the same time, if the thickness of the sensitive element is equal to the thickness of the base, then the plates of the element’s BC will only receive pressure in the Bi Ci section (Fig. 5), i.e. pressure, which must be determined.

Питание прибора производится от батарейки и включается выключателем 5. Регулятором 6 стрелка прибора устанавливается на нуль при отсутствии давления на чувствительный элемент.The device is powered from the battery and is turned on by switch 5. With the regulator 6, the arrow of the device is set to zero in the absence of pressure on the sensing element.

Устройство для измерения давления в теребильных ручьях сельхозмашин работает следующим образом.A device for measuring pressure in the pulling streams of agricultural machines works as follows.

Для измерения давления между ремнями измерительный преобразователь вводится в пространство между ремнями так, чтобы чувствительный элемент оказался в том месте, где необходимо измерить давление. Затем, проворачивая шкивы и приводя в движение ремни, преобразователь перемещается вместе с ремнями и стрелка прибора показывает давление в каждой точке пространства между ремнями.To measure the pressure between the belts, the transmitter is inserted into the space between the belts so that the sensing element is in the place where it is necessary to measure the pressure. Then, turning the pulleys and driving the belts, the converter moves with the belts and the arrow of the device shows the pressure at each point in the space between the belts.

До измерений устройство нужно протарировать.Before measurements, the device must be calibrated.

Устройство отличается простотой конструкции, высокой точностью измерений и возможностью измерить давление в труднодоступных местах, практически в любой точке пространства между прижимающимися ремнями сельхозмашин, независимо от того, являются ремни плоскими или профилированными.The device is distinguished by its simplicity of design, high accuracy of measurements and the ability to measure pressure in hard-to-reach places, almost anywhere in the space between the pressing belts of agricultural machines, regardless of whether the belts are flat or profiled.

Измерение давления в теребильных секциях сельхозмашин с помощью данного устройства и правильная регулировка давления в них позволит улучшить качество работы и повысить производительность машин, уменьшить повреждения растений.Pressure measurement in top-lifting sections of agricultural machines using this device and proper pressure adjustment in them will improve the quality of work and increase productivity of machines, reduce damage to plants.

Claims

(54) DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE PRESSURE IN THE TERBAL MANUFACTURES OF AGRICULTURAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural mechanical engineering and is intended for measuring pressure between strains, treadmill sections of agricultural machines and, in particular, between flat wave-repair, i.A. . Devices for determining the pressure between the belts of agricultural machines are known, which are designed to determine the intensity of the load between flexible bodies having only a flat surface 1. The disadvantage of these devices is that it is impossible to measure the point pressure with these devices. , A device for measuring pressure, including cathode generators, a main capacitor and a capacitive sensing element of spring plates 2, is known. However, it cannot be used to measure between belts because there is a solid dielectric between the spring plates. If a flexible insulating layer is installed between the plates, such a device can only be used to measure the intensity of the load distribution per unit length of the line of contact of the belts. Measurement of the point pressure by this device is impossible due to the fact that the deformation of the spring plates is not determined by the pressure at each point, but by the total pressure over the entire contact length. The purpose of the invention is to measure pressure at any point of the straining stream and to improve the accuracy of measuring the pressure between the belts at any curvature of the compression cavity. This is achieved by the fact that the device is equipped with a base with a window for accommodating a sensing element, the base and the sensing element being made in the form of alternating flexible metal and insulating plates and provided with an insulating sheath. FIG. 1 shows a pressure measuring device, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - base with a sensitive element; in fig. 4 and 5 - the influence of the installation of the sensitive element on the measurement accuracy; in fig. 6 — installation of the device at pressure 31 between flat belts; in fig. 7 - the same, between the profiled belts. The device consists of a flexible base 1 with a sensing element, a holder 2 and a capacitance meter .3. The tank gauge is equipped with a switch instrument 4, a switch 5 and a regulator b for setting the arrow to zero. The flexible base 1 is composed of two flexible metal plates 7 and 8 (for example, copper-hollow), over which there is a bow. ..,. „.., ...., wives of two flexible insulating layers 9, 10, 11 and 12 (for example, waxed paper) and between which a flexible insulating layer 13 is laid. These plates and insulating layers are a flexible base 1. At the base, a hole (slot) is cut into the space needed for measurement, into which a capacitive sensing element 14 of the same shape as the slot is inserted (for example, square), and of the same materials as the base, i.e. of two square flexible metal plates containing an insulating layer of them and covered with them Angle twice on both sides of the insulating layer (this is done in order to prevent possible contact of the metal plates of the sensing element - the capacitor with the metal plates of the flexible base). As a result, the thickness of the sensing element and the base is the same, the elastic properties of the sensing element and the base and their resistance to compression, as well as flexibility, are also the same. Such identical readings are necessary to increase the accuracy of the point pressure measurement. To create strength, the base with the sensing element is wrapped around the flat flexible insulating layer 15 and on top of it by the flexible fluoroplastic insulating sheath 16 which are fastened along the edges. The metal plates of the sensitive element are soldered to the wires, the ends of which are led to the socket. associated with a capacitance meter. Installing the sensing element in a special socket flush with both surfaces of the flexible base will allow measuring accuracy. If we try to measure the point pressure by a sensitive element protruding above the flexible base (Fig. 4), then the plates of the sensitive element BC, because their thickness is thicker than the base thickness, will press not only the pressure force on section B, C | plates, but also the additional force that is part of the pressure forces in sections A | In | and C | Df. According to the laws of mechanics, the length of the sections AI Bi and C | D1 is not the same when changing the curvature of the stream, the tension forces of the belts and the rigidity of the belts; because of this, it is not possible to take into account the influence of the sections AI Bi and C | DI - on the accuracy of measurements and in connection with this the corresponding amendments to the instrument readings. At the same time, if the thickness of the sensing element turns out to be equal to the thickness of the base, then the plates of the sun of the element will take only the pressure in section B) Ci (Fig. 5), i.e. the pressure that must be determined. The device is powered from the battery and turned on by the switch 5. The regulator b arrow of the device sets the throttle / –tl - 1) Г fi п t О nnur Л / reading about tio D from zero to zero when there is no pressure on the sensitive element. A device for measuring the pressure in the topping streams of agricultural machinery works as follows. To measure the pressure between the belts, a measuring transducer is introduced into the space between the belts so that the sensing element is at the place where the pressure needs to be measured. Then, turning the pins and driving the belts, the converter moves with the belts and the instrument arrow shows the pressure at each point in the space between the belts. Before measurements the device needs to be stewed. The device is distinguished by simplicity of design, high measurement accuracy and the ability to measure pressure in hard to reach places, practically at any point in the space between the pressing belts of agricultural machinery, regardless of whether the belts are flat or profiled. Measuring the pressure in the topping sections of agricultural machinery with the help of this device and correctly adjusting the pressure in them will improve the quality of work and increase the productivity of the masin and reduce damage to the plants. Apparatus of the Invention: A device for measuring the pressure in the towing strands of agricultural machinery, including a sensing element and a device for measuring the capacitance, characterized in that, in order to measure pressure at any point of the choke, and improve the accuracy of measuring the pressure between the belts at any curvature of the compression cavity provided with a base with a window for accommodating a sensing element in it, with the base and the sensing element being made in the form of alternating flexible metal and insulating plates and provided with an insulating shell. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR No. 508691, cl. G 01 L 1/04, 1974.

2. USSR author's certificate number 28343, cl. G 01 L 1 / -14, 1930.

1

FIG.