SU873048A1

SU873048A1 - Automatic system for measuring internal friction parameters in materials

Info

Publication number: SU873048A1
Application number: SU792830699A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Виктор Устинович Новиков; Борис Николаевич Коншин; Борис Борисович Алякринский; Елена Семеновна Ермина; Анатолий Пантелеевич Тарасенко
Original assignee: Всесоюзный Заочный Политехнический Институт
Priority date: 1979-10-17
Filing date: 1979-10-17
Publication date: 1981-10-15

Description

Изобретение относится к автоматическим системам измерения параметров внутреннего трения в металлах, пластических материалах, стеклах и т.д., исиользуемым в металлургической и химической промышленности, а также в радио-⁵технической промышленности для измёре.ния полосы пропускания и декремента затухания электрических контуров.The invention relates to an automatic measuring system parameters internal friction in metals, plastic materials, glass, etc., isiolzuemym in the metallurgical and chemical industries as well as in radio engineering industry for ⁵ izmore.niya bandwidth and damping rate of electric circuits.

Известно устройство для измерения параметров внутреннего трения, содержащее генератор, блок управления его частотой, возбудитель механических колебаний, датчик амплитуд, счетчик измерителя периода, фиксатор уровня измеряемых амплитуд и индикаторное ¹⁵табло Гй.A device is known for measuring the parameters of internal friction, containing a generator, a control unit for its frequency, a causative agent of mechanical vibrations, an amplitude sensor, a counter of a period meter, a fixture of the level of measured amplitudes and an indicator ¹⁵ indicator Гй.

Недостатки этого устройства - низкие точность и эффективность, так как оно имеет невысокое быстродействие изi 20 за ручного управления частотой генератора.The disadvantages of this device are low accuracy and efficiency, since it has a low speed of 20 due to the manual control of the generator frequency.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому эффекту к предлагаемой является автоматическая система измерения параметров внутреннего трения в материалах, содержащая датчик амплитуд, включающий возбудитель механических колебаний образца, генератор, блок управления частотой генератора, измеритель периода, вход которого соединен с, датчиком амплитуды, фиксатор уровня измеряемых амплитуд и индикаторное табло [2}.The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed one is an automatic system for measuring the parameters of internal friction in materials, containing an amplitude sensor including a mechanical exciter of a sample, a generator, a generator frequency control unit, a period meter, the input of which is connected to an amplitude sensor, a level lock measured amplitudes and indicator board [2}.

Недостатки этой системы - низкая точность и эффективность из-за невысокого быстродействия блока управления частотой генератора. оThe disadvantages of this system are low accuracy and efficiency due to the low speed of the generator frequency control unit. about

Цель изобретения - повышение точности и эффективности измерения параметров внутреннего трения в материалах.The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy and efficiency of measuring the parameters of internal friction in materials.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что система снабжена блоком регистрации максимума амплитудно-частотной характеристики, двухвходовым элементом И, блоком формирования измеритель· ных команд, задатчиком временных ин3This goal is achieved by the fact that the system is equipped with a unit for recording the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristics, a two-input element And, a unit for generating measuring commands, a time delay

873048 тёрвалов, выходы которого соединены с измерителем периода, датчиком, блоком управления частотой, входом фиксатора уровня амплитуд и блоком формирования , команд, соединенным выходами с входами измерителя периода и блока управления частотой, выход датчика соединен со вторым входом фиксатора уровня, третий, четвертый и пятый входы которого соединены с двумя выходами блока формирования команд, выходы фиксатора уровня соединены с входами блока регистрации максимума,. с первым входом элемента И, связанного вторым входом с выходом блока регистрации ; и двумя входами . блока формирования κοίманд, третий вход .которого соединен с выходом элемента И.873048 rounds, the outputs of which are connected to the period meter, sensor, frequency control unit, input of the amplitude level lock and the formation unit, commands connected by the outputs to the inputs of the period meter and frequency control unit, the sensor output is connected to the second input of the level lock, third, fourth and the fifth inputs of which are connected to two outputs of the command generation unit, the outputs of the level lock are connected to the inputs of the maximum recording unit. with the first input of the And element associated with the second input with the output of the registration unit; and two entrances. block forming κοίmand, the third input. which is connected to the output of the element I.

Кроме того, фиксатор уровня выполнен в виде элемента И, включенного на входе счетчика, выходы разрядов счетчика соединены со входами двух регистров , трех схем сравнения, первые входы которых подключены к разрядам счетчика, вторые входы первой’схемы сравнения соединены с разрядами первого регистра, вторые входы второй и третьей схем сравнения подключены к ' разрядам второго разрядов первого через D-триггеры каторному табло;In addition, the level lock is made in the form of an And element connected to the input of the counter, the outputs of the bits of the counter are connected to the inputs of two registers, three comparison circuits, the first inputs of which are connected to the bits of the counter, the second inputs of the first comparison circuit are connected to the bits of the first register, second the inputs of the second and third comparison circuits are connected to the 'bits of the second bits of the first through D-triggers to the quota panel;

манд выполнен в виде трех ров с трехвходовыми элементами И на каждом I и К входе, входы всех элементов И на ίν-входе .триггеров соеди-йены с земляной шиной источника питания, первые входы элементов И на Iвходах триггеров соответственно соединены мента И уровня, та И на единен с инверсным выходом второго триггера, третий его вход - с инверсным выходом третьего триггера, второй и третий входы элемента И на I-входе второго триггера соединены с прямым выходом первого триггера и с инверсным выходом третьего триггера, а второй и третий вход элемента И на 1-вхо-50 де третьего триггера соответственно соединены и второго максимума теристики чальной установки кода, триггера и схемы сравнения, первые входы которой соединены с фиксатором уровня ампли10 регистра, а выходы регистра подключены и дешифратор к индиблок формирования коIК-тригге30 с выходами двухвходового элеи с двумя выходами фиксатора второй вход первого элеменI-входе первого триггера со35 с прямыми выходами первого триггера; блок регистрации амплитудно-частотной хараквыполнен в виде блока на45 туды, вторые входы которой соединены с блоком начальной установки кода, а ₍выход соединен с входом триггера.The mand is made in the form of three ditches with three-input elements AND at each I and K input, the inputs of all elements And at the ίν-input. Triggers are connectedyen with a ground bus of the power source, the first inputs of the AND elements on the I inputs of the triggers respectively connect the ment And the level, that And is single with the inverse output of the second trigger, its third input - with the inverse output of the third trigger, the second and third inputs of the element And at the I input of the second trigger are connected to the direct output of the first trigger and to the inverse output of the third trigger, and the second and third input of the And element at 1-input-50 de of the third trigger are respectively connected to the second maximum of the initial code setting, the trigger and the circuit with avneniya, first inputs of which are connected to a clamp level ampli10 register, and the register outputs are connected to the decoder and forming indiblok koIK-trigge30 two-input the outputs Eleja with two latch outputs elemenI second input first-input first trigger so35 direct outputs of the first flip-flop; the amplitude-frequency recording unit is executed in the form of a 45-tod unit, the second inputs of which are connected to the initial code setting unit, and₍the output is connected to the trigger input.

На. фиг. I представлена схема автоматической системы; на фиг. 2 временные диаграммы ее работы.On the. FIG. I is a diagram of an automatic system; in FIG. 2 timelines of her work.

Автоматическая система содержит датчик 1 дитель 2 I магнита) разца 3, ния его частотой, да, фиксатор 7 уровня амплитуд, каторное табло 8. Датчик 1 включает _; также осветитель 9 с линзами, светодиоды 10, катоды которых подсоединены через дифференцирующую цепь I 1 к входу элемента 12 И, второй вход которого соединен с выходом формирователя 13 , сигналов. Система снабжена блоком. 14 (Регистрации максимума амплитудно-часу тотной характеристики, двухвходовым элементом 15 И, блоком 16 формирования измерительных команд, задатчиком 17 временных интервалов. Фиксатор 7 уровня выполнен в виде элемента 18 И, включенного на вход счетчика 19, выходы разрядов счетчика 19 соединены со входами двух регистров 20 и 21 , трех схем 22-24 сравнения, первые входы которых подключены к разрядам счетчика' 19, вторые входы первой 22 схемы сравнения соединены с разрядами первого 20 регистра, вторые входы второй 23 и третьей 24 схем сравнения подключены к разрядам второго регистра 21, а выходы разрядов первого регистра 20 подключены чере з D -триггеры 25 и дешифратор 26 к индикаторному табло 27.The automatic system contains a sensor 1 sensor 2 I magnet) of size 3, its frequency, yes, a clamp 7 of the amplitude level, a scoreboard 8. Sensor 1 includes _; also a lighter 9 with lenses, LEDs 10, the cathodes of which are connected through a differentiating circuit I 1 to the input of the And element 12, the second input of which is connected to the output of the driver 13 of the signals. The system is equipped with a unit. 14 (Registration of the maximum amplitude-hour of the total characteristic, a two-input element 15 I, a unit 16 for generating measurement commands, a slider 17 of time intervals. The latch 7 is made in the form of an element 18 I connected to the input of the counter 19, the outputs of the bits of the counter 19 are connected to the inputs of two registers 20 and 21, three comparison circuits 22-24, the first inputs of which are connected to the bits of the counter '19, the second inputs of the first 22 comparison circuits are connected to the bits of the first 20 registers, the second inputs of the second 23 and third 24 comparison circuits are connected to the rows of the second register 21, and the outputs of the discharges of the first register 20 are connected through the D-triggers 25 and the decoder 26 to the indicator board 27.

Блок 16 формирования команд выполнен в виде трех JK-триггеров 28-30. Блок 14 регистрации максимума амплитудно-частотной характеристики выполнен в виде блока 31 начальной установки кода, триггера 32 и схемы 33 сравнения. В состав измерителя 6 входят элемент 34 И, счетчик 35, регистры 36-38, дешифраторы 39-41 и индикаторные табло 8, 42 и 43.Block 16 formation of teams made in the form of three JK-triggers 28-30. Block 14 registration of the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristics made in the form of a block 31 of the initial installation of the code, the trigger 32 and the comparison circuit 33. The meter 6 includes an element 34 And, a counter 35, registers 36-38, decoders 39-41 and indicator boards 8, 42 and 43.

Автоматическая система работает следующим образом.The automatic system operates as follows.

При механических колебаниях испытуемого образца 3, возбуждаемого электромагнитом 2 от генератора 4, направленный световой поток от осветителя 9 л с системой оптических^- линз создает тень, которая спроектирована на неподвижно закрепленные светодиоды 10.During mechanical vibrations of the test sample 3, excited by the electromagnet 2 from the generator 4, the directional light flux from the illuminator 9 l with a system of optical ^- lenses creates a shadow that is designed for fixedly mounted LEDs 10.

амплитуд, включающий возбу(выполнен в виде электромеханических колебаний обгенератор 4, блок 5 управлеизмеритель 6 периоинди5 873048amplitudes, including the can (made in the form of electromechanical vibrations, the generator 4, block 5 control meter 6 periodindi5 873048

Аноды всех параллельно включенных Светодиодов подключены к источнику питания +Е, а их катоды - к дифференцирующей цепи II, поэтому при колебаниях образца 3 осуществляется последо- 5 вательное погасание и включение светодиодов 10. В результате количество импульсов, поступающих на первый вход элемента 12 И за один полупериод колебаний образца 3 пропорционально ампли-ю туде его колебаний (размаху) . На второй вход элемента 12 И синхронно с напряжением генератора 4 поступают видеоимпульсы с выхода формирователя 13, длительность которых равна половине 15 периода колебаний образца 3, а период их задан длительностью задатчика 17 временных интервалов и в зависимости от типа образца 3 (времени его успокоения) может регулироваться. ₂оThe anodes of all parallel-connected LEDs are connected to the + E power supply, and their cathodes are connected to the differentiating circuit II, therefore, when sample 3 oscillates, the LEDs 10 are sequentially turned off and on. As a result, the number of pulses arriving at the first input of the element 12 one half-period of oscillations of sample 3 is proportional to the amplitude of its oscillations (range). At the second input of element 12 AND, synchronously with the voltage of the generator 4, video pulses are received from the output of the shaper 13, the duration of which is equal to half 15 of the oscillation period of sample 3, and their period is set by the duration of the master 17 time intervals and, depending on the type of sample 3 (its settling time), be regulated. ₂ o

Работа автоматизированного измерителя при каждом измерении амплитуды на всех частотах генератора 4 осуществляется за четыре цикла.The work of the automated meter with each measurement of the amplitude at all frequencies of the generator 4 is carried out in four cycles.

В первом цикле по сигналу задатчи- 25 ка 17 временных интервалов осуществляется обнуление всех логических запоминающих элементов связи задатчика 17 временных интервалов с шинами установки в ноль запоминающих устройств (на фиг. I не пока заны) .In the first cycle, on the basis of the signal from the transmitter 25 timeslots, all logical memory elements of the connection of the timers 17 with time slots to the memory buses are reset to zero (not shown in Fig. I).

Во втором цикле с выхода дискретного датчика 1 амплитуды выход логического элемента I2 И на вход счетчика 19 приходит радиоимпульс, количество импульсов в котором пропорцй- ³· онально амплитуде колебаний образца 3 и которые просчитываются счетчиком 19.'In the second cycle, from the output of the discrete amplitude sensor 1, the output of the logic element I2 And a radio pulse arrives at the input of the counter 19, the number of pulses in which is proportional to ³ · the oscillation amplitude of sample 3 and which are calculated by the counter 19. '

При этом на выходе схемы 22 срав- ⁴¹нения кодов образуется сигнал логического нуля, поскольку число А, записанное в счетчике 19 всегда больше числа В, равного нулю, которое содержится в регистре 20. ⁴'At the output ^{41 of} comparison circuit 22 is formed neniya code signal logic zero, since the number A written in the counter 19 is always greater than the number B, equal to zero, which is contained in the register 20. The ⁴ '

В третьем цикле с выхода задатчика 17 временных интервалов поступает сигнал Разрешение записи в регистр 20, который через элемент 18 И осуществляет запись содержимого счетчика 19 в регистр 20. При этом на втором входе элемента 18 Й присутствует сигнал логической единицы с инверсного выхода триггера 28. На выходе схемы 22 сравнения в это время по-прежнему присутствует сигнал логического нуля, поскольку число А в счетчике I9 равно числу В в регистре 20.In the third cycle, from the output of the master 17 time intervals, a write permission signal is received in register 20, which through element 18 AND records the contents of counter 19 in register 20. At the same time, at the second input of element 18, there is a signal of a logical unit from the inverted output of trigger 28. On the output of the comparison circuit 22 at this time is still a logical zero signal, since the number A in the counter I9 is equal to the number B in the register 20.

В четвертом цикле с выхода задатчика временных интервалов 17 поступает сигнал Синхронизация на синхронизирующие входы ПК триггеров 28-30, Соединение вторых и'третьих входов логических элементов И на входах^ и триггеров 28-30 Лаково, что эти триг* геры могут изменять свое состояние только последовательно: в начале триггер 28, затем триггер 29 и триггер 30. Однако триггер 28 не может опрокинуться в единичное состояние, поскольку на выходе элемента 15 И, ’ включенного на выходе схемы 22 сравнения присутствует сигнал логического нуля.In the fourth cycle, a synchronization signal is received from the output of the time interval master 17 to the synchronizing inputs of the triggers 28-30 PC, The connection of the second and third inputs of the logic elements AND at the inputs ^ and triggers 28-30 It is laconic that these triggers * can only change their state sequentially: at the beginning, flip-flop 28, then flip-flop 29 and flip-flop 30. However, flip-flop 28 cannot overturn into a single state, since there is a logic zero signal at the output of the And element 15 connected to the output of the comparison circuit 22.

На начальном участке амплитудночастотной характеристики участок(0-1 на фиг. 2), когда частота генератора 4 меньше резонансной частоты исследуемого образца 3, а также при частоте генератора большей резонансной частоты (участок 4-5 на фиг. 2) на втором входе элемента 15 И все время присутствует логический уровень нуля. Этот уровень создается на выходе триггера 32 блока 14 регистрации, максимума амплитудно-частотной характеристики. С помощью блока 31 начальной установки кода вручную или автоматически задается числовой код, соответствующий· определенной величине амплитуды колебаний А_уст(фиг. 2) . Сигнал логической единицы на выходе схемы 33 сравнения и, следовательно, на, выходе триггера 32 возникает только в том случае, если числовой код, соответствующий измеряемой амплитуде А, записанный в счетчике 19, больше числового кода блока 31 начальной установи, ки 31, т.е. ^{А >} Act .Таким образом, блок 14 регистрации максимума АЧХ обеспечивает измерение амплитуд только в зоне вблизи резонансной характеристики, а вне ее - блокирует работу измерителя, подавая запрещающий сигнал нулевого уровня на второй вход логического элемента 15 И.In the initial section of the amplitude-frequency characteristic, the section (0-1 in Fig. 2), when the frequency of the generator 4 is less than the resonant frequency of the test sample 3, as well as when the frequency of the generator is higher than the resonant frequency (section 4-5 in Fig. 2) at the second input of element 15 And all the time there is a logical level of zero. This level is created at the output of the trigger 32 of the registration unit 14, the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic. Using the block 31 of the initial installation of the code manually or automatically sets the numerical code corresponding to a certain value of the amplitude of oscillations A _mouth (Fig. 2). The signal of the logical unit at the output of the comparison circuit 33 and, therefore, at the output of the trigger 32 occurs only if the numerical code corresponding to the measured amplitude A recorded in counter 19 is larger than the numerical code of the initial setting unit 31, 31, t. e. ^A> Act .tak manner registration unit 14 provides a measurement of the maximum frequency response amplitude only in the zone near the resonance characteristics, and it is - blocks the meter feeding prohibiting the zero-level signal to a second input of NAND gate 15 I.

Генератор 4 с помощью блока 5 управления частотой при поступлении очередного импульса от задатчика 17 временных интервалов дискретно за счет изменения коэффициента деления делителя частоты (на фиг. 1 не показан) увеличивает частоту гармонических колебаний последовательно, проходя все участки АЧХ.Generator 4, using the frequency control unit 5, when the next pulse arrives from the master 17 time intervals, discretely increases the frequency of harmonic oscillations sequentially, passing through all sections of the frequency response, by varying the division ratio of the frequency divider (not shown in Fig. 1).

На воеходйщей ветви АЧХ (участок 1-2) число В, записанное в регист7 соответствующее значению изме» числа А, записанного в счетчире 20, ряемой амплитуды в предыдущем цикле меньшеOn the traveling branch of the frequency response (section 1-2), the number B recorded in register 7 corresponds to the value of the measured number A recorded in counter 20, the amplitude being measured in the previous cycle is less

Ке 19, соответствующего значению измеряемой амплитуды в последующем цикле (А >В). При этом на выходе схемы 22 сравнения все время имеется логический уровень нуля и, следовательно, триггер 28 не срабатывает. На втором входе элемента 18 И присутствует напряжение логического уровня единицы (с выхода триггера 28), поэтому по сигналу Разрешение записи в регистр 20 последовательно осуществляется запись цифрового кода из счетчика 19 в регистр 20 и последующие обнуление счетчика 19. Сигнал логической единицы на выходе элемента I5 И появляется в точке 2 максимума амплитудно-частотной характеристики (фиг.2) когда число В ре 20 в предыдущем измерении числа »20 , записанное в регист, больше А, полученного в счетчике в по;следующем измерении (А <В). При этом на выходе схемы 22 сравнения появляется логический уровень единица, который, проходя через элемент 15 И поступает на первый вход логического ’ элемента И -триггера 28. На двух других входах этого элемента также присутствуют уровни логической единицы с выходов триггеров 29 и 30, поэтому в конце четвертого цикла после поступления сигнала Синхронизация на входы триггеров, триггер 28 опрокидывается в единичное состояние, закрывается по второму входу элемент 18 И, прекращая дальнейшую запись в регистр 20 и хранящийся в нем цифровой код максимальной амплитуды А_ма^ерезD -триггеры 25, дешифратор 26 индицируется на индикаторном табло 27.Ke 19, corresponding to the value of the measured amplitude in the next cycle (A> B). Moreover, at the output of the comparison circuit 22, there is a logical level of zero all the time and, therefore, trigger 28 does not work. At the second input of element 18 AND there is a voltage of the logic level of the unit (from the output of trigger 28), therefore, by the Write Resolution signal to register 20, a digital code is written sequentially from counter 19 to register 20 and subsequent resetting of counter 19. The signal of the logical unit at the output of element I5 And it appears at point 2 of the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic (Fig. 2) when the number B re 20 in the previous measurement of the number "20, recorded in the register, is greater than A obtained in the counter in; the next measurement (A <B). At the same time, the logic level one appears at the output of the comparison circuit 22, which, passing through the element 15 And goes to the first input of the logical element of the I-trigger 28. At the other two inputs of this element there are also levels of the logical unit from the outputs of the triggers 29 and 30, therefore at the end of the fourth cycle after the synchronization signal arrives at the inputs of the triggers, the trigger 28 capsizes to a single state, the element 18 And closes at the second input, And stopping further recording to the register 20 and the digital code of maxim stored in it With a maximum amplitude, A _ma ^ is through D-triggers 25, the decoder 26 is displayed on the indicator board 27.

Одновременно с инверсного выхода триггера 28 поступает разрешающий сигнал на запись в регистр 21 и в регистр 36. Цифровой код из счетчика 19 переписывается со сдвигом в сторону младших разрядов в регистр 21, где оказывается записанным цифровой код, соответствующий половине максимального значения амплитуды (точки З¹ и 3 на фиг. 2), а цифровой код периода генератора 4 из счетчика 35 через регистр 36, дешифратор 39 индицируется на индикаторном табло 8.At the same time, an enable signal is written to the register 21 and to the register 36 from the inverted output of the trigger 28. The digital code from the counter 19 is rewritten with a shift towards the lower digits in the register 21, where a digital code appears that corresponds to half the maximum amplitude value (points З ¹ and 3 in Fig. 2), and the digital code of the period of the generator 4 from the counter 35 through the register 36, the decoder 39 is displayed on the indicator board 8.

После измерения, максимальной амплитуды А_макси периода Т генератора 4, соответствующего резонансной частоте (учаспродолВ кажкод те- ^f в счетчи^макс, хра25 образца 3, генератор 4 начинает работать на нисходящей ветви АЧХ ток 2-3,фиг. 2) и частота его жает дискретно увеличиваться, дом цикле измерения цифровой кущего значения амплитуды А ке 19 сравнивается с кодом— нящимся в регистре 21 двумя схемами 23 и 24 сравнения. На участке 2-3 АЧХ (фиг. 2) А > _мдк& _t поэтому при сравнении цифровых кодов на выходе схемы 23 сравнения присутствует уровень логического нуля, а на выходе схемы 24 сравнения наоборот, - уровень логической единицы. Однако он не может опрокинуть триггер 30 с приходом сигнала Синхронизация до тех пор, пока триггер 29 не изменит своего состояния. Поэтому на всем участке нисходящей ветви ВЧХ (участок 2-4) изменение выходного сигнала схемы 24 сравнения не влияет на работу устройства.After measuring the maximum amplitude A _max and period T of the generator 4, corresponding to the resonant frequency (taking into account each code ^f counting ^max , ^max 25 of sample 3, the generator 4 starts to work on the descending branch of the frequency response current 2-3, Fig. 2) and its frequency can be increased discretely, the house is compared to the code of the current shear amplitude A ke 19 is compared with the code in the register 21 by two comparison circuits 23 and 24. On the plot 2-3 frequency response (Fig. 2) A> _mdk & _t therefore, when comparing digital codes at the output of the comparison circuit 23 there is a level of logical zero, and at the output of the comparison circuit 24 on the contrary, the level of a logical unit. However, it cannot overturn trigger 30 with the arrival of the Sync signal until trigger 29 changes state. Therefore, over the entire section of the descending branch of the VCH (section 2-4), a change in the output signal of the comparison circuit 24 does not affect the operation of the device.

На частоте генератора 4, соответствующей точке 3 АЧХ цифровой код счетчика 19 (А) меньше кода, записанного в регистре 21 .(Д поэтому появляется сигнал логической единицы” на выходе схемы 23 сравнения и с приходом сигнала Синхронизация триггер 20₄ переходит в состояние единица, подготавливая к переключению триггер 30. С выхода 29 подается сигнал Разрешение на запись в регистр 37 . и значения периода Т генератора, соответствующие амплитуде , из счетчика 35 через дешифратор 40 индицируется на индикаторном табло 42. Одновременно триггер 29 через блок 5 управления частотой возвращает частоту генератора 4 на начальный участок 0-1 АЧХ, после чего с приходом каждого импульса от задатчика 17 временных интервалов частота генератора вновь начинает последовательно дискретно увеличиваться. При повторном прохождении частотой генератора восходящей вой код с кодом ре 21 с ветви АЧХ (участок 1 -3) цифроАд в счетчике 19 сравнивается —, хранящимся в регистI- помощью схемы 24 сравнения.At the frequency of the generator 4, corresponding to point 3 of the frequency response, the digital code of the counter 19 (A) is less than the code recorded in register 21. (E therefore, the signal of the logical unit appears at the output of the comparison circuit 23 and with the arrival of the signal, the synchronization trigger 20 ₄ goes into the state one, in preparation for switching trigger 30. From output 29, a write permission signal is sent to register 37. and the generator period T values corresponding to the amplitude are displayed from counter 35 through decoder 40 on indicator board 42. At the same time, trigger 29 through control unit 5 frequency, returns the frequency of generator 4 to the initial section 0-1 of the frequency response, after which, with each pulse coming from the master 17 time intervals, the frequency of the generator again begins to sequentially increase discretely.When the generator frequency again passes an upward howling code with code re 21 from the frequency response branch (section 1-3) tsifroAd in the counter 19 is compared - stored in the register I - using the comparison circuit 24.

Поскольку на участке 1-3 А < то уровень на выходе схемы 24 сравнения равен уровню логическогонуля.Since in the section 1-3 A <, the level at the output of the comparison circuit 24 is equal to the level of logical dropping.

Когда частота генератора^- соответствует точке 3 АЧХ (период Т^) на выходе схемы 24 сравнения появляется логический уровень единица, триггер 30 опрокидывается в единичное состояние, разрешая запись в регистр 38 со счетчика 35 кода периода генератора 4 и индикацию его через дешифратор 41 на индикаторном табло 43. После последующего обнуления всех запоминающих элё¹ментов повторяются циклы изменения на частотах второго резонанса и т.д.When the frequency of the generator ^- corresponds to point 3 AFC (period T ^) at the output 24 of comparison appears logic level unit, the trigger 30 is tilted in one state, allow writing into the register 38 from the counter 35 code period generator 4 and display it through the decoder 41 on a display scoreboard 43. After the subsequent zeroing of all the storage ele- ments of ¹ ment, cycles of change at the frequencies of the second resonance, etc. are repeated.

Положительный эффект заключается в повышении точности и эффективности измерения параметров внутреннего тренйя в материалах.The positive effect is to increase the accuracy and efficiency of measuring the parameters of the inner trend in the materials.

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Claims

(54) AUTOMATIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT SYSTEM The invention relates to automatic systems for measuring internal friction parameters in metals, plastic materials, glasses, and so on. d. , used in the metallurgical and chemical industries, as well as in the technical industry for measuring the bandwidth and decrement of attenuation of electric circuits. A device for measuring the internal friction parameters is known, containing a generator, a frequency control unit, a mechanical vibration exciter, an amplitude sensor, a period meter, an measured amplitude frequency indicator, and a Cd indicator board. The disadvantages of this device are low accuracy and efficiency, as it has a low speed due to manual control of the generator frequency. The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to. INTERNAL FRICTION-3 MATERIALS proposed is an automatic system for measuring the parameters of internal friction in materials, containing an amplitude sensor, including a driver of mechanical oscillations of a sample, a generator, a generator frequency control unit, a period meter, the input connected to an amplitude sensor, a level clamp of measured amplitudes and indicator board 12. The disadvantages of this system are low accuracy and efficiency due to the low speed of the generator frequency control unit. . o The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of measuring the parameters of internal friction in materials. The goal is achieved by the fact that the system is equipped with a block for recording the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic, a two-input element AND, a unit for forming measuring commands, a unit of time treads, the outputs of which are connected with meas. Period detector, sensor, frequency control unit, amplitude level latch input and command generation unit connected by outputs to the inputs of the period meter and frequency control unit, the sensor output is connected to the second level latch input, the third, fourth and fifth inputs are connected to two outputs the command generation unit, the outputs of the level lock are connected to the inputs of the maximum recording unit. , with the first input of the AND element associated with the second. an input with an output of a registration unit; and two inputs, a command generation unit, a third input. which is connected to the entrance of the element I. In addition, the latch is made in the form of an AND element included at the input of the counter, the outputs of the counter bits are connected to the inputs of two registers, three comparison circuits, the first inputs of which are connected to the discharge of the counter, the second inputs of the first comparison circuit are connected to the bits of the first register the second inputs of the second and third comparison circuits are connected to the bits of the second register, and the outputs of the bits of the first register are connected via D-flip-flops and a decoder to the indicator board; the command formation unit is made in the form of three 1K-flip-flops with three-input elements AND on each I and K input, inputs of all elements AND on the fC input. triggers are connected to the earth bus of the power source, the first inputs of the AND elements on the 1 inputs of the triggers are respectively connected to the outputs of the two-input element I and to two outputs of the level lock, the second input of the first element I on the I input of the first trigger is connected to the inverse output of the second trigger, the third its input is with the inverse output of the third trigger, the second and third inputs of the element I at the I input of the second trigger are connected to the direct output of the first trigger and the inverse output of the third trigger, and the second and third input of the element And on the 1-input of the third Trigger, respectively, are connected to the direct outputs of the first and second trigger; The recording unit of the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic is made in the form of a block of initial installation of the code, a trigger and a comparison circuit, the first inputs of which. connected to the amplitude level lock, the second inputs of which are connected to the initial code setting block, and the OUTPUT is connected to the trigger input. On. FIG. ) presents the scheme of the automatic system; in fig. 2 time diagrams of her work. The automatic system contains an amplitude sensor 1, which includes a pathogen 2 (made in the form of an electromagnet), mechanical oscillations of sample 3, a generator 4, a block 5 for controlling its frequency, a period meter 6, a clamp 7 for the amplitude level, an indicator board 8. The sensor 1 also includes an illuminator 9 with lenses, LEDs 10, the cathodes of which are connected via a differentiation circuit I1 to the input of the element 12 I, the second input of which is connected to the output of the signal former 13. The system is equipped with a block. 14 | registration of the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic, two-input element 15 I, unit 16 of the formation of measuring commands, the unit 17 time intervals. The latch 7 level is made in the form of the element 18 And included in the input of the counter 19, the outputs of the bits of the counter 19 are connected to the inputs of two registers 20 and 21, three comparison circuits 22-24, the first inputs of which are connected to the bits of the counter 19, the second inputs of the first 22 comparison circuits are connected to the bits of the first 20 register. the second inputs of the second 23 and third 24 comparison circuits are connected to the bits of the second register 21, and the outputs of the bits of the first register 20 are connected through the D-triggers 25 and the decoder 26 to the display board 27. . The command generation unit 16 is made in the form of three LC-triggers 28-30. The maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic maximum detection unit 14 is configured as an initial code setting unit 31, trigger 32 and comparison circuit 33. The meter 6 includes the element 34 And, the counter 35, registers 36-38, decoders 39-41 and indi & 8 scoreboards 8, 42 and 43. The automatic system works as follows. When mechanical oscillations of the test sample 3, excited by the electromagnet 2 from the generator A, the directed light flux from the illuminator 9 with the system of optical lenses creates a shadow, which is projected onto the fixed LEDs 10. All parallel-connected LEDs are connected to the power supply + E, and their cathodes are connected to the differentiating circuit II, therefore, when sample 3 oscillates, the subsequent diodes 10 are switched on and off. As a result, the number of pulses arriving at the first input of element I2 And during one half period of oscillations of sample 3 is proportional to the amplitude of its oscillations (span). At the second input of element 12 I, synchronously with generator 4, video pulses are received from the output of shaper 13, the duration of which is half the oscillation period of sample 3, and set the period by duration of setting unit 17 at intervals and depending on sample type 3 (time to calm it) can be adjusted. The operation of the automated meter at each amplitude measurement at all frequencies of the generator 4 is carried out in four cycles. In the first cycle, according to the signal of the setter 17 of time intervals, all the logical storage elements of the setpoint adjuster 17 of the time intervals with the installation buses to zero are set to zero (in FIG. I have not yet entered). In the second cycle, from the code of the discrete sensor I amplitude, the output of the logic element 12 I arrives at the input of the counter 19 a radio pulse, the number of pulses in which is proportional to the amplitude of oscillations of sample 3 and which are calculated by the counter 19. At the same time, the output of the code comparison circuit 22 produces a logical zero signal, since the number A recorded in the counter 19 is always greater than the number B equal to zero, which is contained in register 20. In the third cycle, the output of the master 17 time intervals receives a signal to enable writing to the register which, through element 18, records the contents of counter 19 to register 20. In this case, at the second input of element 18 I, there is a signal of the logical unit from the inverse output of the trigger 28. The output of the comparison circuit 22 at this time still contains a logical zero signal, since the number A in the counter I9 is equal to the number B in the register 20. In the fourth cycle, the synchronization inputs to the clock inputs of the LK triggers 28-30, Connection of the second and third inputs of logic elements And at the inputs and triggers 28-30, are received from the output of the time interval master i 7. It is possible that these TPHIV heres can change their state only sequentially: at the start of the trigger 28, then the trigger 29 and the trigger 30. However, the trigger 28 cannot overturn into a single state, since the output element 15 And included at the output of the comparison circuit 22 has a logical zero signal. In the initial part of the amplitude-frequency characteristic, the part (Orl in FIG. 2) when the frequency of the generator 4 is less than the resonant frequency of the sample under study 3, as well as at the frequency of the generator of a higher resonant frequency (section 4-5 in FIG. 2) at the second input of the element 15 And all the time there is a logic level zero. This level is created at the output of the trigger 32 of the registration unit 14, the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic. Using the initial code setting block 31, a numeric code corresponding to a certain magnitude of oscillation amplitude A is manually or automatically set. . (FIG. 2). The signal VCT of the logical unit at the output of the comparison circuit 33 and, consequently, at the output of the flip-flop 32 occurs only if the numeric code corresponding to the measured amplitude A recorded in the counter 19 is larger than the numeric code of the initial installation block 31. ki 31, t. e. And And, Thus, the block 14 registration of the maximum frequency response provides a measurement of the amplitudes only in the area near the resonant har. the act of pictorial, and outside of it, it blocks the operation of the meter, by giving prohibitions a signal of zero level to the second input of the logic element 15 I. The generator 4 with the help of the frequency control unit 5 when the next pulse arrives from the time setting unit 17 discretely due to the change of the division factor of the frequency divider (in FIG. 1 not shown) increases the frequency of harmonic oscillations in series, pass all parts of the frequency response. At the input branch of the frequency response (sections 1-2), the number B recorded in register 20, corresponding to the value of the measured amplitude in the previous cycle, is less than the number A recorded in counter 19, corresponding to the value of the measured amplitude in the subsequent cycle (A 7B). In this case, the output of the comparison circuit 22 all the time has a logic level of zero and, therefore, the trigger 28 does not trigger. At the second input of the element 18 And there is a voltage level of the unit Cc of the output of the trigger 28), therefore, the signal enable writing to the register 20 sequentially records the digital code from the counter 19 to the register 20 and the subsequent resetting of the counter 19. The signal of the logical unit at the output of element I5 And Po appears at the point 2 of the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic (Fig. when the number B recorded in register 20 in the previous measurement is greater than the number A obtained in the counter in the following: next measurement (A B). At the same time, at the output of the comparison circuit 22, a logic level appears, which, passing through the element 15 And arrives at the first input of the logic element AND the DK trigger 28. The two other inputs of this element also contain logical unit levels from the outputs of the flip-flops 29 and 30, therefore at the end of the fourth cycle after the arrival of the signal. Synchronization to the inputs of the flip-flops, the trigger 28 is tilted to one state is closed on the second input of the element 18 And, stopping further recording In register 20 and the digital code of maximum amplitude D-flip-flops 25 stored therein, the decoder 26 is displayed on the display board 27. Simultaneously, the inverting output of the trigger 28 receives the enable signal to write to the register 21 and to the register 36. The digital code from counter 1 is rewritten with a shift towards the lower bits in register 21, where the recorded digital code appears that corresponds to half the maximum amplitude value (points 3 and 3 in FIG. 2), and the digital code of the period of the generator 4 from the counter 35 through the register 36, the decoder 39 is displayed on the indicator board 8. After the measurement, the maximum amplitude Aqd, and the period T of the generator 4, corresponding to the resonant frequency of sample 3, the generator 4 starts to work on the downward frequency response (section 2-3, Fig. 2) and its frequency continues to increase discretely. In each measurement cycle, the digital code of the current value of amplitude A in counter 19 is compared with the ohm-, stored in register 21 by two comparison circuits 23 and 24. On a site 2-3 frequency response {. FIG. 2) A -m ~ r, so when comparing digital codes at the output of the comparison circuit 23 there is a logical zero level, and at the output of the comparison circuit 24, vice versa, the level of the logical unit. However, it cannot overturn trigger 30 with the arrival of the synchronization signal until trigger 29 changes its state. Therefore, over the entire section of the downstream branch of the VCHH (section 2-4), a change in the output signal of the comparison circuit 24 does not affect the operation of the device. At the frequency of the generator 4, corresponding to point 3 of the frequency response, the digital code of the counter 19 (. A) less code recorded 21. (And Amaks In register 2 {. (f therefore a logical unit signal appears at the output of the comparison circuit 23, and with the arrival of the synchronization signal, the trigger 20 goes to the state one, preparing the trigger 30 for switching. From output 29, a signal is given to write to register 37 and the generator period T values corresponding to the amplitude. , from the counter 35 through the decoder 40 is displayed on the display board 42. Simultaneously, the trigger 29 through the frequency control block 5 returns the frequency of the generator 4 to the initial part 0-1. The frequency response, after which, with the arrival of each pulse from the setter of 17 time intervals, the frequency of the generator again begins to discretely increase. When the oscillator frequency of the upstream frequency response (section 1-3) passes again, digital code A in counter 19 is compared with code - stored in register 21 using comparison circuit 24. Since in section 1-3 And then the level at the output of comparison circuit 24 is equal to the level of logical zero. When the oscillator frequency, corresponds to the point 3 of the frequency response (. the period T) at the output of the comparison circuit 24 appears logic level one, the trigger 30 is tilted into one state. allowing writing to the register 38 from the counter 35 of the code of the period of the generator 4 and its indication through the decoder 41 on the display board 43. After the subsequent zeroing of all memorized elements, the cycles of changes at the frequencies of the second resonance and so on are repeated. d. The positive effect is to increase the accuracy and efficiency of measuring the parameters of the internal train in the materials. Claim 1. An automatic system for measuring the parameters of internal friction in materials, containing an amplitude sensor, including the exciter of mechanical oscillations of the sample, generator, generator frequency control unit, period meter, the input of which is connected to the sensor. amplitudes, level clamp of measured amplitudes and indicator board, characterized in that, in order to increase accuracy and efficiency, it is equipped with a block for recording the maximum amplitude-frequency characteristic, a two-input element And, a block for forming measuring commands, a time interval setting unit, outputs which are connected to the perio meter. yes, by the sensor, frequency control unit, amplitude level latch input and command generation unit, connected to the inputs of the period and frequency control unit, the sensor output is connected to the second level latch input, the third, fourth and fifth inputs of which are connected to two outputs of the command block, the outputs of the latch are connected to the inputs of the maximum recording unit, to the first input of the element AND connected to the second input from the output of the registration block and to two inputs enq to form commands, three s input of which is connected to the output member I. 2, the system under item 1, in connection with the fact that the level lock is made in the form of an AND element included at the input of the counter, the outputs | of the counter bits are connected to the inputs. 1- two registers, three comparison circuits, the first inputs of which are connected to the bits of the counter, the second inputs of the first comparison circuit are connected to the bits of the first register, the second inputs of the second and third comparison circuits are connected to the bits of the second register, and the outputs of the bits of the first register connected through) -triggers and a decoder to the indicator board. 3 System pop 1, differs from the fact that the command generation unit is made in the form of three-ZKK-flip-flops with three-input elements, AND on each U and k input, the inputs of all AND elements on the Vt-input of triggers are connected to the ground bus of the power source, the first the inputs of the And elements on the 3-inputs of the flip-flops are respectively connected to the outputs of the two-input element I and to the two outputs of the latch; the second input of the first element I on the 3-input of the first trigger is connected to the inverse output of the second trigger, its third input - to the inverse output of the third trigger, the second third inputs of AND-called input of the second flip-flop are connected to the direct output of the first flip-flop and PPD. The third output of the third trigger, the second and third input element And the 3-input of the third trigger connected to the direct outputs of the first and second trigger. four. System pop In contrast to the fact that the amplitude-frequency characteristic maximum detection unit is made in the form of an initial code setting block, a trigger and a comparison circuit, the first inputs of which are connected to an amplitude level lock, the second inputs of which are connected to the initial installation code block, and the output is connected with trigger input. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. French patent number 2. 175 952, cl. Q 01R 29/00, 1973.

2. Abramov S.K. et al. Instrument for investigating the dynamic mechanical properties of polymers by the reso-; oscillations. In Proc .: Mechanics of Polymers, 1971, No. 6 (prototype).