SU869635A1

SU869635A1 - Corn harvester

Info

Publication number: SU869635A1
Application number: SU792833373A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Гаврилович Цымбал; Юрий Павлович Муханов; Сергей Александрович Исиков; Борис Михайлович Дубнов; Ин Ю Дю; Владимир Васильевич Стеценко; Иван Серафимович Долбиев; Борис Дмитриевич Козачок; Арсений Петрович Орехов; Виктор Тимофеевич Бондарев; Геннадий Матвеевич Архипов; Феликс Алексеевич Ныжник; Николай Васильевич Тудель
Original assignee: Украинский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственного машиностроения; Предприятие П/Я М-5830
Priority date: 1979-10-30
Filing date: 1979-10-30
Publication date: 1981-10-07

Description

Изобретение относится к области сельско- . хозяйственного машиностроения и может быть использовано в кукурузоуборочных комбайнах.The invention relates to the field of agriculture. economic engineering and can be used in corn harvesters.

Известен адаптер для уборки кукурузы к зерноуборочным комбайнам, включающий устройство для отрыва початков куку- ⁵рузы [1].A known adapter for harvesting corn to combine harvesters, including a device for tearing corn cobs ⁵ [1].

Однако при его использовании велики потери листостебельной массы.However, when using it, losses of leaf-stem mass are great.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому яв-’ ляется кукурузоуборочный комбайн, включающий режущий аппарат, размещенный на входе камеры для стеблей·, наклонно установленные вальцы для отрыва початков, шнек с правой и левой навивками на концах, наклонный транспортер для подачи _J5стеблей к измельчающему барабану и транспортер для подачи початков [2].The closest to the proposed yav- 'wish to set up the corn harvester comprising a cutting unit disposed at the inlet chamber stalks · obliquely mounted rolls for the separation of cobs, a screw with left and right winding ends, an inclined conveyor for feeding _J5 stems to the grinding drum and the conveyor for the supply of ears [2].

Однако при увеличении ширины захвата это устройство не обеспечивает кодирования микрорельефа, что приводит к потерям биологического урожая. 20However, with an increase in the working width, this device does not provide coding of the microrelief, which leads to the loss of biological yield. 20

Цель изобретения — повышение производительности и качества уборки всего биологического урожая.The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of harvesting of the entire biological crop.

Это обеспечивается тем, что шнековый транспортер выполнен в виде двух соосно расположенных шнеков с противоположными навивками и с образованием окна между ними для выхода листостебельной массы и укладывания ее на поверхности поля, режущий аппарат выполнен в виде двух отдельных ножей, рабочая ширина которых соответствует ширине шнека, а за транспортером сзади и против окна установлен дополнительный режущий аппарат, ширина которого соответствует ширине окна. Задние части смежных пар початкоотделяющих гальцов размещены против окна с расстоянием между ними меньшим, чем в заходной части. Вальцы выполнены в заходной части с меньшим диаметром относительно остальной части вальцов. Над режущим аппаратом расположен битер, например пальчиковый.This is ensured by the fact that the screw conveyor is made in the form of two coaxially arranged screws with opposite windings and with the formation of a window between them to exit the leaf-stem mass and to lay it on the field surface, the cutting apparatus is made in the form of two separate knives, the working width of which corresponds to the width of the screw, and behind the conveyor behind and against the window there is an additional cutting device, the width of which corresponds to the width of the window. The rear parts of adjacent pairs of earthing grabs are placed against the window with a distance between them less than in the entry part. The rollers are made in the inlet with a smaller diameter relative to the rest of the rollers. A beater, such as a finger, is located above the cutting device.

На фиг. 1 изображен предлагаемый кукурузоуборочный комбайн; на фиг. 2 — жатка комбайна; на фиг. 3 — вид А — на фиг. 2; на фиг. 4 — установка камер для среза стеблей, вид сбоку, спереди, сверху соответственно.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed corn harvester; in FIG. 2 - combine harvester; in FIG. 3 - view A - in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 - installation of cameras for cutting stems, side view, front, top, respectively.

Комбайн состоит из' делителей 1, початкоотделяющих вальцов 2, подающих цепей 3, камер 4 и 5 для стеблей с режущими аппаратами, например, сегментного типа, шнеков 6 и 7 стеблей с правой и левой навивками, шнека 8 початков, транспортеров 9 початков, шарнирной подвески 10, камер с урановешивающим механизмом 11, например, пружинным, копира 12, початкоочистителя 13, режущего аппарата 14, например ротационного, пальчикового битера 15, шнека 16 с правой и левой навивками на концах, питающего, например, вальцового, транспортера 17, измельчителя 18 стеблей и силосопровода 19.The harvester consists of dividers 1, pick-up rollers 2, feed chains 3, chambers 4 and 5 for stems with cutting devices, for example, segment type, screws 6 and 7 stalks with left and right coils, auger 8 ears, conveyors 9 ears, articulated pendants 10, chambers with a uranium-balancing mechanism 11, for example, spring, a copier 12, an ear cleaner 13, a cutting device 14, for example a rotary, finger beater 15, a screw 16 with right and left windings at the ends, feeding, for example, roller, conveyor 17, chopper 18 stems and silage water 19.

При работе кукурузоуборочного комбайна стебли подводятся делителями 1 в зазор между вальцами 2. Вальцы 2, вращаясь, прокатывают стебли, отрывают початки.During the operation of the corn harvester, the stalks are brought by the dividers 1 into the gap between the rollers 2. The rollers 2, rolling, roll the stems, tear off the cobs.

В пространстве в (фиг. 6) между камерами 4, 5 стебли не срезаются, укладываются верхними частями один на другой, при этом нижние части стеблей в этом пространстве остаются ненарушенными, вертикально стоящими. Стебли, расположенные перед камерами 4, 5 срезаются режущим аппаратом 14 (фиг. 1), перемещаются шнеками 6, 7 (фиг. 6) и укладываются на несрезанные стебли, расположенные между камерами 4 и 5, образуя валок.In the space in (Fig. 6) between the chambers 4, 5, the stems are not cut off, stacked with the upper parts one on top of the other, while the lower parts of the stems in this space remain intact, upright. The stems located in front of the chambers 4, 5 are cut by the cutting apparatus 14 (Fig. 1), moved by the screws 6, 7 (Fig. 6) and laid on uncut stems located between the chambers 4 and 5, forming a roll.

Початки транспортером 9 подаются на початкоочиститель 13 (фиг. 1) и далее в рядом идущие транспортные средства. При подборе валка несрезанные стебли срезаются режущим аппаратом 14 и пальчиковым битером 15 подаются в шнек 16, затем в питатель 17 и измельчитель 18. Стебли измельчаются и по силосопроводу 19 подаются в прицепленную за комбайном тележку большой емкости.Ears conveyor 9 served on the cob 13 (Fig. 1) and then in the adjacent vehicles. When selecting a roll, uncut stems are cut by a cutting apparatus 14 and fed with a finger beater 15 to the screw 16, then to the feeder 17 and the chopper 18. The stems are chopped and fed through a silo 19 to a large-capacity carriage attached to the combine.

Для осуществления низкого среза стеблей и укладывания их в валок жатка имеет две камеры 4, 5 (фиг. 6) для стеблей. Каждая камера шарнирно закрепляется на корпусе жатки, уравновешивается, например, пружинным механизмом 11 (фиг. 1). Копирование микрорельефа почвы осуществляется действием копиров 12, соприкасающихся с почвой. Камеры 4, 5 располагаются по краям жатки таким образом, чтобы между их внутренними сторонами образовалось пространство шириной, равной одному или более междурядий.To implement a low cut stems and laying them in the roller, the header has two chambers 4, 5 (Fig. 6) for stems. Each camera is pivotally mounted on the header body, balanced, for example, by a spring mechanism 11 (Fig. 1). Copying the microrelief of the soil is carried out by the action of copiers 12 in contact with the soil. Chambers 4, 5 are located on the edges of the header so that between their inner sides a space is formed with a width equal to one or more row spacing.

Початкоотделяющие вальцы 2 над этим пространством устанавливаются таким образом, что расстояние а (фиг. 3) между задними частями смежных вальцов было меньше расстояния б между их передними концами.Ears rollers 2 above this space are set so that the distance a (Fig. 3) between the rear parts of adjacent rollers was less than the distance b between their front ends.

Для того, чтобы нижние части стеблей не разрушались при прокатке и располагались вертикально, заходные части вальцов початкоотделяющих аппаратов имеют меньший диаметр, относительно остальной части вальцов, обеспечивающей необходимую высоту непрокатанной и неразрушенной части стебля.To ensure that the lower parts of the stems are not destroyed during rolling and are arranged vertically, the lead-in parts of the rollers of the picking apparatus have a smaller diameter, relative to the rest of the rollers, providing the necessary height of the unrolled and undestructed part of the stem.

Для укладки срезанных стеблей на несрезанные камеры 4, 5 (фиг. 6) имеют шнеки 6, 7 с правой и левой навивками, а части камер, обращенные в сторону валка, открыты для прохода стеблей.For laying cut stems on uncut chambers 4, 5 (Fig. 6) they have screws 6, 7 with right and left coils, and parts of chambers facing the roll side are open for passage of stems.

Уборка кукурузы раздельным способом позволяет повысить производительность кукурузоуборочных комбайнов и приставок к зерноуборочным комбайнам за счет увеличения их рядности, а также улучшить качество работы, например понизить высоту среза стебельной массы и повысить ее сбор, снизить металлоемкость и энергоемкость машины за счет выделения сбора и измельчения стеблей в самостоятельную операцию, выполняемую отдельным узлом, расположенным за жаткой или же выделенным в самостоятельную машину.Separate corn harvesting allows to increase the productivity of corn harvesters and attachments to combine harvesters by increasing their row, as well as improving the quality of work, for example, reducing the cutting height of the stem mass and increasing its collection, reducing the metal and energy consumption of the machine by highlighting the collection and grinding of stems in an independent operation performed by a separate unit located behind the header or isolated in an independent machine.

Claims

(54) COMBINE FOR CROPS OF THE CORN The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in corn harvesters. A adapter for harvesting corn to combine harvesters is known, which includes a device for the removal of corn cobs 1. However, when it is used, the loss of leafy mass is high. Closest to the present invention is a corn harvester, including a cutting machine, placed at the entrance of the chamber for stalks, inclined mounted rollers for tearing off the cobs, a screw with right and left windings at the ends, an inclined conveyor for feeding the stems to the chopping drum and a conveyor for feeding the cobs 2. However, with an increase in the width of the grip, this device does not ensure coding of the microrelief, which leads to a loss of biological yield. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of harvesting the entire biological yield. This is ensured by the fact that the screw conveyor is made in the form of two coaxially arranged screws with opposite windings and with the formation of a window between them for the release of the leafy mass and laying it on the floor, the cutting unit is made in the form of two separate knives, the working width of which corresponds to the width of the screw , and an additional cutting apparatus, the width of which corresponds to the width of the window, is installed behind the conveyor behind and against the window. The backs of adjacent pairs of pickling salts are placed against the window with a distance between them smaller than in the lead-in part. The rollers are made in the lead-in part with a smaller diameter relative to the rest of the rollers. A beater, for example a finger, is located above the cutting apparatus. FIG. 1 shows the proposed corn harvester; in fig. 2 - combine harvester; in fig. 3 - view A - in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - installation of cameras for cutting the stems, side view, front, top, respectively. The combine consists of dividers 1, cob rollers 2, feed chains 3, chambers 4 and 5 for stalks with cutting devices, for example, segment type, 6 and 7 stalk screws with right and left windings, auger 8 cobs, cob conveyors 9, hinged suspensions 10, chambers with a uranium-announcing mechanism 11, for example, a spring one, a copier 12, a picker 13, a cutting unit 14, for example a rotary finger picker 15, a screw 16 with right and left windings at the ends, feeding, for example, a roller roller, a conveyor 17, a chopper 18 stalks and silosop of the rovod 19. When the corn harvester is working, the stalks are fed by dividers 1 into the gap between the rollers 2. Rollers 2, rotating, roll the stalks, tear off the cobs. In the space in (Fig. 6) between chambers 4, 5, the stems are not cut, they are laid one on top of the other, while the bottom parts of the stems in this space remain undisturbed, standing vertically. The stems located in front of the chambers 4, 5 are cut by the cutting unit 14 (Fig. 1), moved by the screws 6, 7 (Fig. 6) and placed on the uncut stems located between chambers 4 and 5, forming a roll. The ears of the conveyor 9 are fed to the hatch 13 (Fig. 1) and further to a variety of vehicles. During the selection of the roll, the uncut stems are cut by the cutting unit 14 and the finger beater 15 are fed to the screw 16, then to the feeder 17 and the chopper 18. The stalks are crushed and fed to the large-capacity cart attached to the combine. To realize a low cut of the stems and placing them in the roll, the header has two chambers 4, 5 (Fig. 6) for the stems. Each chamber is pivotally attached to the header body and is balanced by, for example, a spring mechanism 11 (Fig. 1). The soil microrelief is copied by the action of copiers 12 in contact with the soil. The chambers 4, 5 are located along the edges of the header so that between their inner sides a space is formed that is equal to one or more rows. The maw rollers 2 over this space are set in such a way that the distance a (Fig. 3) between the rear portions of the adjacent rollers is less than the distance b between their front ends. In order for the lower parts of the stalks not to collapse during rolling and to be positioned vertically, the lead-in parts of the crusher rolls have a smaller diameter relative to the rest of the rollers, providing the required height of the unrolled and intact part of the stem. For stacking the cut stalks on uncut chambers 4, 5 (Fig. 6), have the screws 6, 7 with the right and left windings, and the parts of the chambers facing the roll are open for the passage of the stems. Corn harvesting by a separate method allows increasing the productivity of corn-harvesting combines and attachments to combine harvesters by increasing their number, as well as improving the quality of work, for example, lowering the cutting height of the stalk mass and increasing its collection, reducing the intensity and energy intensity of the machine by separating the harvest and grinding the stalks to an independent operation, performed by a separate node, located behind the header or separated into an independent machine. Claim 1. Combine for harvesting corn, including obliquely mounted cob Alya rolls, cutting machine. a screw conveyor for feeding the stem mass and a device for grinding the leaf stem mass, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity and quality of harvesting, the screw conveyor is made in the form of two coaxially arranged screws with opposite windings and with the formation of a window between them for leaving the leaf stem and laying it is on the surface of the floor, the cutting apparatus is made in the form of two separate knives, the working width of which corresponds to the width of the screw, and behind the conveyor behind and against the window It is an additional cutting apparatus, the width of which corresponds to the width of the window. 2. A combine according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to tilt the stems with the upper parts towards the ground and towards each other, the rear parts of adjacent pairs of rollers for taking off the cobs are placed against the window with a distance between them smaller than in the lead-in part. 3. Kombayn on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the rollers are made in a lead-in part with a smaller diameter relative to the rest of the rollers. 4. Combine on PP. 1-3, characterized in that a finger beater is located above the cutting unit. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. A. N. Karpenko, A. A. Zele. Agricultural machinery. M.,: Skolos, 1% 8, p. 226.

2. USSR author's certificate number 328867, cl. A 01 D 42/02, 1972. //

Buff