SU865827A1 - Electrocoagulator - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the purification of natural waters and can be applied in domestic water supply systems, in particular in autonomous mobile systems in conditions where high demands are placed on the compactness of equipment, its resource, reliability and quality of water purification, for example, on sea vessels. , railway transport, aircraft, etc.

A known electrocoagulant for treating water comprises a vertical cylindrical body, inside which there is a package of concentrically arranged electrodes made in the form of cylinders. A water distribution channel is provided in the central part of the electrode pack. In the upper part of the housing above the electrodes there is a free space forming the gas separation chamber, as well as nozzles for the entry of water and waste gases. A nozzle for discharging treated water is located at the bottom of the housing under the electrodia. In this coagulator, water moves between the electrodes by the upward flow at a constant speed in the laminar mode 1J.

The disadvantages of this electrocoa. gullet - short duration of the treated water in the electric field, causing an insufficient degree of flocculation, a relatively high specific energy consumption for dissolving the metal of the electrodes, the impossibility of removing gaseous electrolysis products.

: The closest to the one proposed is an electrocoagulator containing a housing (Coaxially arranged electrodes, made in the form of i

15 truncated cones with bottoms and oriented tapering downward, tokopody and devices for entry and W: 1 way 2 water.

20

However, flocculation in a known device occurs slowly, due to the short duration of the treated water in an electric field and the absence

25 means of its turbulence in the interelectrode gaps, the gaseous products of electrolysis are removed from the reactor only partially, since no means to intensify the gas separation 30 None is provided. These drawbacks ultimately reduce the quality of water treatment. The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of water purification. The goal is achieved by the fact that in an electrocoagulator containing a housing, inlet and outlet connections, coaxially arranged electrodes made in the form of truncated cones tapering downwards, in the center of the bottom of each electrode, except the top, there is an opening, in the side of the electrodes the holes It forms an angle with the vertical axis of the apparatus; a cylindrical gull is attached to the upper electrode, filled with a discontinuous dielectric attachment, and the outlet pipe of purified water is buried in us hell. Figure 1 shows schematically the proposed electrocoagulator, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2, a package of electrodes, side view; Fig. 3 is a diagram of the formation of tangential water flows. The electrocoagulator consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1, made of a dielectric, with an upper 2 and lower 3 covers. A pack is fixed above the bottom cover with concentrically arranged electrodes 4 made in the form of truncated cones tapering downwards and forming a central water distribution channel 5. Inter-electrode chambers are formed between adjacent electrodes b. In the wide part of the electrodes adjacent to the wall of the case, I1 is cut through 7, providing a tangential flow of water from one inter-electrode chamber to another. Cuts are made, for example, in the form of through holes tilted at an angle to the horizon (FIG. 2). Neighboring electrodes are rotated around a vertical axis relative to each other at a certain angle so that the inclined holes when water flows through them create a twisting effect In the upper part of the housing, above the electrodes, there is a gas separation chamber, which follows a cylindrical shell 9, attached to the upper electrode 8, the closing varnish, whose internal cavity is filled with a non-continuous dielectric -symmetric nozzle 10 (e.g., caprolan shavings, fibers, and m, n) necessary to form the developed surface of contact with water in order to intensify and improve the flocculation gas evolution. It is covered on top with a net 11 to prevent it from leaching from the shell cavity. A conical cavity 12 in the top cover of the housing serves to collect the released gas and drain it through the channel 13 and the valve 14. Through the central cut-out in the top cover is inserted. a cylindrical cup 15 having a perforated bottom in the lower part and a nozzle 16 for discharging water in the upper part. The perforated bottom of the glass is immersed in a nozzle for Depth H so that coagulated water passes through the entire volume of the nozzle. Electrocoagulant works as follows. The treated water through the pipe 17 enters the central water distribution channel 5 and is distributed evenly in the interelectrode chambers 6 (Fig. 1). When voltage is applied to the end electrodes 4 and 8, the intermediate electrodes are polarized and the anode material (steel or aluminum) is electrolytically dissolved to form insoluble metal oxide hydrates. At the same time, a uniform electric field is generated in the gaps between the electrodes, affecting the dispersed phase of water. Thus, a combined process of electrochemical and electrofield coagulation of particles — contaminants present in water — is carried out. The intensity of flocculation depends on the residence time of water in an electric field, the hydrodynamic regime, and the degree of mixing. The flow of water from the interelectrode chambers 6 through through notches 7 tangentially enters the adjacent chambers. Due to the fact that in the cuts the flow rate is several times higher than that in the interelectrode gap, the jet coming out of the cut intensively twists and mixes a layer of water relative to the axis of the housing (Fig. 3). This improves the separation and removal of gas formed at the cathode, coagulation is more intensive. The streams of water carry gases into the gas separation chamber. During the electrolysis process, part of the electrical energy is converted into thermal energy, due to which the water temperature in the shell 9 increases by 15-20 compared to the initial temperature. The dielectric material of the housing of the electrocoagulant, which has a low thermal conductivity, retains this temperature with minor losses. The process of gas separation in this case is similar to the process of water de-aeration: when it is heated by the developed surface of nozzle 1, soluble gases, and, primarily, electrolysis products (hydrogen) are released from the water. The released gas accumulates in the cavity 12 and is removed periodically or continuously through the valve 14, At the same time, intensive flocculation (flocculation) and deposition of the formed aggregates on the surface of the nozzle occurs in the nozzle volume. Having released gas from gases and partially from flakes, water through the perforated bottom of a cylindrical cup 15 leaves the electrocoagulant through pipe 16 and enters for further processing, for example, a brightening filter.

Periodic washing of the electrocoagulant is carried out by countercurrent of water with the power supply disconnected.

Comparative data confirming the achievement of this goal are given in the table.

As can be seen from the table, the proposed electrocoagulant provides 5 a higher quality of water treatment as compared to limestone.

The advantage of the proposed electrocoagulant is the possibility of quick and high-quality testing of its inpoTHBOTOKOM water, which is ensured by the presence of holes in the bottoms of truncated cones and the central distribution channel.

Time of complete sedimentation coagulated in treated water

Claims (1)

1. USSR author's certificate 0 192680, cl. C 02 C 5/12, 1967. 2, USSR Author's Certificate 512175, cl. C 02 C 5/12, 1974 (prototype). /