SU848652A1 - Tunnelling shield - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to the construction of underground structures shield method.

A known shield for driving tunnels with a team lining, comprising a housing consisting of knife and support parts and a composite shell equipped from the inside with a system of flexible sealing of the building gap, a set of longitudinal profiles. An example of an angular section attached externally to the support part and the shell of the shield body, and a rod for feeding the cement slurry into the space free behind the end face of the shell during the advancement process of the shield 1.

However, in this device, the effective filling of the gap between the rock and the lining of the tunnels takes place only in the case of penetration in stable rocks capable of loosening loose without collapsing over a fairly significant length. In unstable rocks (for example, sands), the building gap cannot be filled with plugging solution, since the soil collapses right behind the tail casing.

Closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a shield for tunneling, which includes a housing with shield jacks and flexible seals in the tail section of the shield, on. where the guides are rigidly fixed and installed with the possibility of shifting days relative to the longitudinal axis of the shield apron with guides, and the cement slurry supply pipeline.

In such a shield, the sediments of the soil and the surface above the tunnel are reduced, and 15 there is also an effective filling of the termination space with the solution when penetrating unstable soils 2.

However, in the famous shield apron with

20, when it is manufactured from thin-sheet material, it has insufficient rigidity and it is possible to tilt and deform during the precipitation of the soil. In the case of increasing the thickness of the apron for

In order to ensure stiffness, the gap between the ground and the lining increases, which leads to the sedimentation of the ground, and a considerable weight and cantilever positioning of the apron distorts its relative shield housing. These

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the disadvantages do not allow to obtain a uniform filling of the e-joint space and the movement of the apron relative to the body is difficult, which reduces the reliability of the shield.

In addition, the implementation of the apron in the form of a single cylindrical part during its distortion and deformation requires its complete replacement, which is practically difficult to implement and requires a lot of labor in the underground conditions and with weak roofs.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the shield by reducing the displacements of weak rocks.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the guides of the shield and the apron are made in the form of hollow hollows placed one over the other and deaf from the side of the rods, while the pipeline for supplying the cement slurry is placed inside the hollow rods and the apron is made of a row of plates.

Figure 1 shows the proposed shield, a longitudinal section; 2, the same top view; on fig.Z - section aa in figure 1; figure 4 - section bb in figure 1; figure 5 is a section bb In figure 2; on figb - section G-D in figure 2, figure 7 - section dd in figure 2, on fig.8 - section ee in fig. in FIG. 9 shows a section of an Ж-Ж in FIG. 2

The shield consists of the knife part 1 and the support part 2, equipped with shield jacks 3, which abut against the movement of the cyt - into the elements of the team lining 4 (shown by a dotted line) ..

The blade part 1 of the shield is equipped with a horizontal shelf 5, as well as a system of vertical ribs and stiffness. In stable rocks, shelf 5 may be absent.

Behind the supporting part 2, the tail section is rigidly connected in the form of a shell consisting along two perimeter of two vertical and one horizontal horizontal plates not connected to each other, each of which is formed from the front 7 and rear 8 sheets having a ledge in the place of contact. The back sheet is equipped from the inside with flexible seals 9, attached to the specified back sheet with, for example, films 10 and screws 11..

Outside, to the supporting part of the shield body and the front sheet 7 up to the end of the main sheet 8, the shells are rigidly fixed, for example, by means of welding, the guide rods 12, hollow and blind from the side of the bottom, are made in the form of profiles of angular section. Hollow guide rods 12 are not secured to sheet 8 and form a notch due to different thicknesses of sheets 7 and 8. Inside hollow guides 12 there are hollow guide rods 13, to the side edges of the rear ends of which, using screws 14, are attached high-strength thin plates steel, forming an apron 15. The longitudinal movement of the apron is carried out with the help of hydraulic jacks 16. Each of these jacks is driven by a head 17, into which the pin 18, which enters the groove of the cracker 19 attached to the front end of the rod 13, is screwed. 18 are placed in longitudinal slots x 20 located in the tail section of the body.

Inside each hollow guide rod 13, through hatches 21 made in the front sheet 7 of the sheath, a hose 22 is inserted with a tip, the outlet of which is not brought to the end of the rod 13 by the stroke length of the apron movement. Pipes 23 are attached to the hose cartridges 22 (for the time being indicated by a dash-dotted line) along which a pump (not shown) is fed with cement slurry, for example, mud solution with special additives.

The lower part of the shield 2 has the head part of the shield conveyor 24, which serves to dispense soil from the tunneling means.

The shield works as follows.

When the shield moves in the ground, in the process of another shifting, carried out by pushing the shield jacks 3 from the elements of the constructed team lining.4, the working fluid is fed under pressure into the cylinder cavity of the hydraulic jacks 16 resulting in hollow guide rods 13 with plates placed on their KOjinax move relative to the shell of the shield, slippery on top of its back sheet 8. The amount of extension of the apron relative to the end of the back sheet 8 of the shell is determined by the physicomechanical properties of the soil, th at the bottom. In very weak soils, the apron extends completely. With an increase in the bond in the soil and the stability of the soil massif over the shield, the apron can move to the bottom, up to the condition when the ends of the back sheet 8 of the shell and the apron plate 15 coincide with each other.

After moving the apron by a given amount in parallel with the work on the development of the bottom and removal of soil by the conveyor 24. using hoses 22, the injection of tampon mortar is injected into the space freed from the shell. At the same time, in connection with the fact that the solution is released at some distance from the rear end of the apron, having a thickness of 6-8 mm, and under the protection of this apron, there is an effective filling of the space in the apron.

The use of the proposed shield allows to ensure a minimum sediment of the soil due to the manufacture of an apron from thin sheets, ensuring its necessary rigidity due to guide rods, which increases the reliability of the shield operation. In the case of distortions or deformations of individual sheets or guide rods, they can be easily replaced in underground conditions by detaching the sheets from the guide rods, and the guide pins from hydraulic jacks and replacing them with new ones, which reduces the labor intensity for the construction of the team lining in conditions of weak roofs and reduces the precipitation of the soil along the road driving.

Claims (2)

1. The patent of Germany W 1138083, cl. 19 f 3/02, 1962. 2. USSR author's certificate 0 54054, cl. E 21 D 9/06, 1937 (prototype). h S 12 IS 21 13 77 1m-} b -L Fig.Z