SU82706A1 - Device for measuring the absorption coefficient of radio waves in the ionosphere by the method of comparing pulse amplitudes - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention is an automatic device for determining the absorption coefficient of radio waves in the ionosphere with automatic recording of measurement results by a writing or other device, which is a further development of the author. St. Л 72920.

As is known, pulsed data are used to measure the absorption of waves in the ionosphere; work perdatchi1; a. The TaKoii method has such a significant image / society that the amplitudes of waves undergoing a different number of reflections between the earth and the ionosphere can be measured separately using oscilloscopes, on the screen of which these waves are visible as a series of pulses.

The coefficient of absorption can be obtained from a comparison of the relative magnitudes of the pulses corresponding to different wavelengths.

But the amplitude of the reflected waves is inherently subject to continuous oscillations; therefore, it is impossible to simultaneously measure the average amplitude of a single pulse, and all the more so it cannot be done for a number of pulses. As a consequence, it is desirable to accompany the measurement of the absorption by automatically recording the value of the average amplitude to the south of the pulse with the help of a self-recording device. The village of the next one is important npii of the length of the summertime} P x pa one; frequency

For this purpose, an automatic installation of ep itel is installed, which allows: automatic averaging; ip r: yes pulses; Odiov (; emsi; y; o; o; automatic; register; aiiu 1 time; measurements; barriers; start and stop sweep systems in the arrival at the receiving point} of the prediction pulse.

No. 82706- 2 - In FIG. 1. 2, 3, 4 shows the block diagram of the device and the scheme of one of the averaging and indicator measures.

According to the main author. St. Rf 72920 receiver 1 has two channels of amplification.

In the source MOMeirr Lranshni the first channel is locked by iio. negative voltage from the trigger to the pentode grids of the intermediate frequency amplifier lamps. A powerful surface signal passes through the second channel, is detected, amplified by a cascade of intermediate frequency amplification, and leads to the deflection plates of the oscilloscope tube 4. Simultaneously, after the intermediate frequency amplifier, a pulse hits the diode detector detector 3 of the maximum. , the minimum and the differentiation of the first pulse obtained after the differentiation is used to start the starting knyn-relay. A kick-start relay generates a pulse that is used to trigger a trigger, a start-stop sweep system, a series of Kipp-relays, the naming of which will be ordered below.

A certain (adjustable) time is applied to the end of the surface impulse, trigger 2 is triggered, the voltage is psnto, the grid is turned to zero and, in the same way, for the entire time of the first 1; the channel is open to amplify weak reflected pulses . After the end of the sweep, the first channel is locked by the dsisp and trigger 2 and the cycle is repeated again.

In the proposed installation, there may be: at: any schemes of the start-up (waiting) scan and any of the oslographic recorders - are leny. The start of the start / stop scan is performed by a start pulse, the beginning of which corresponds to the start of the surface pulse at the receiving point. The delay of the start of the sweep relative to the beginning of the surface pulse is several microseconds, which is not significant for the large pulse duration of the transmitter. To determine the average amplitude of the number of pulses selected for observation, a system of non-select selectors and integrators is used.

A diagram of one of these channels (selector and integrator) is shown in FIG. 2

The operation of the device proceeds as follows.

Lamp 1 at the initial moment of time It turns out to be zaiert at the same time but two grids - control and pentode - due to negative voltages Egi and Egs. In addition to negative voltages, groups of pulses are output from the receiver output to the pentode grid of the lamp I, and control pulses are positive selector pulses that are formed by two Kipp-ps (four (in each channel).

The first biped-on relays (delays) are triggered by the starting pulse of the detector-manipulator and peace is formed by rectangular positive pulses, the duration of which can vary within the time of a sweep. After differentiating the rectangular impulses of the kip-delay relays, negative impulses are used to start the selector kip-relays. Selector KIPP relays also form rectangular positive impulses. The response time of the selector cnp-rsl relative) But the onset of a surface nmnulse is completely determined by the duration of the pulses of the delay relay. Consequently, the selector pulse can be moved along the sweep, and it is possible to achieve a coincidence in time of the selector pulse and the pulse selected for observation. G: If the selector pulse coincides with the selected pulse, then the integrator's tubes will open for a while and the capacitor 2, which is included in the cathode circuit of the lamp 1, will begin

charge The capacitor is discharged through a matching 3. The circuit cutter must be selected so that the average voltage: e on the capacitor is proportional to the amplitude of the signal. In addition to the lamp grid 1.

Two 4-by-5 and 5-n droppings of the 6. 7 and 8 form a washer, in the diagonal of which the measuring (or self-recording; ny) device is included 9. The voltage on the control grid of the left lamp 4 is the sum of the negative voltage drop across the resistance 6 and the positive voltage drop voltage on sonar 3. The bridge is balanced by resistance 7 when the lamp 1 is locked (no impulses from the output of the receiver to the pentode grid are not supplied), i.e. the capacitor is discharged 2. As soon as the voltage across the capacitor is unbalanced, the bridge .diagon whether the bridge will give some deviation.

In this way, it is possible to continuously record the average amplitudes of a number of selected pulses.

On the flowchart on fng. 1, there are two integrator channels. The third integrator does not have a delay relay and its selector. Kip-relay is triggered directly from the starting pulse. (the selector relay of the third channel coincides with the scheme of the kip-relay of the delay of the first and second |) channels). Consequently, the third integrator continuously fps the average amplitude of the surface PM.

FIG. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the indicator, which serves to enable the operator working at the unit setup to see if the selector pulses coincide with the selected ones.

The oscilloscope plate is connected to the total anode load of the indicator lamps 1 and 2. If a selector pulse hits one of the lamp grids, the voltage on the plate decreases and the sweep line on the screen of the tube is slightly lifted (Fig. 4), therefore, the operator can fairly accurately judge the accuracy of the measurements. In the drawing, plus (+) and minus (-) of the anode current source is indicated by the letter A; ULF low frequency amplifier.

Subject invention

Device for measuring the absorption coefficient of radio waves in the ionosphere by author. St. 9,72920 by comparing the amplitudes of the spatial wave nlpuls, which underwent a single or multiple reflection between the earth and the iono-sphere, using two calibrated but amplified and connected to the total load paths, one of which has a small sensitivity, and the BTopoii high sensitivity, characterized by the fact that the difference in amplitudes measured pulses are averaged by an integrator and automatically recorded by an electrical device.

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