SU792058A1 - Method of charging cartridges of well type firing kiln chambers - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the mechanization of loading and unloading of the electrode field, in particular, to methods of loading cassettes for chamber chambers of single- or multi-dimensional kilns.

Currently, the firing of electrodes and blanks of structural carbon materials is carried out in a layer of carbon inert carbon (granulated coke, quartz sand, or a mixture of them. Loading chambers separated by partitions with muffle channels on the cassettes is conducted sequentially through the cassettes

There is a known method of loading the cassettes, in which the filling layer 150-200 mm thick is poured first onto the cassette bottom, the first row of blanks 20 is placed vertically on it so that the distance from them to the cassette walls is 70-150 mm and then on top of the blanks peppered with a layer thickness of 100-200 mm. In the same way, unloading rows are loaded until the cassette is fully loaded. Above the upper row of blanks, the overfilling layer is made 300-400 mm in order to eliminate the impact on the surface.

flammable blanks of open flame and fuel combustion products. Part of the loading operation is performed using a bridge crane (transporting the blanks and transferring them to the chamber, installing large electrodes and blanks into the chamber) Til. This method allows to mechanize only part of the operations. Most of the operations (installation in the chamber of small and medium sections, leveling of overfilling, slinging of preforms and bunkers with overfilling, etc.) are performed manually. The loaders have to work inside the chamber, where the dust content is very high, it is inconvenient to work and t). Camera load takes up; There is a lot of time. According to the experience of our domestic factories, a brigade of two people (not counting the crane operator) loads one chamber during a shift, while the number of crane operations (supply of billets, transfer, etc.) is about 50. Backfilling of billets with transfer is performed from a portable bunker by opening hatch in the bottom. This produces a lot of dust, which is distributed throughout the workshop.

Closest to the invention, an engineering solution is a method of loading the firing chamber cassettes using containers loaded with blanks outside. cameras 21.

The furnace is loaded as follows.

Containers are placed on the filling layer with a thickness of 200250 mm, and the space between the containers and the walls of the cassette is filled with filling. Above the containers, the pouring is filled with a layer at least 200-250 mm thick, the following containers are placed on this layer of overfilling, etc. until complete filling. Backfilling into containers is done either outside the chamber at the same time as loading the blanks, or after loading the containers into the cassettes of the chamber.

This method allows to improve the working conditions, reduce the load time of the cameras.

However, this method has a number of drawbacks determined by the method of burning in containers. Metal containers went out of operation after three to four roasting companies, so the cost of the containers significantly increases the cost of the calcined products. According to the calculations, up to 15 kg of steel are consumed per 1 ton of products fired in metal containers. During firing, the metal containers are boxed, so they are sized so that the distance from the walls of the containers to the walls of the cassette is less than 100-150 mm. As a result, during container burning, the volume of furnace loading is reduced by 10–25%. In addition, since the blanks are loaded into the container at a distance of 40-50 mm from the walls of the container, after the containers are placed in the cassette, it is necessary to fill the containers additionally with an open bed by pouring it out of the portable hopper. The dustiness issue of the workshop with this method of loading is not solved.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of production, to increase the furnace load and reduce the dust content of the workshop.

The goal is achieved by the method of loading the box office of kiln-type kiln chambers with carbon blanks by using containers loaded outside the kiln and placing them in the kiln chamber cassette, after placing the container into the cassette chamber, the bottom is detached from the bottom of the box. cameras.

The bottoms of the containers remain in the chamber during the firing of the blanks. Bottoms MAY be disposable, for example, wooden, or reusable, for example, from heat-resistant steels, special grades of concrete, etc.

Figures 1 and 2 successively schematically depict the loading operation of the first row in Fig. 3 and 4 of the same second row of blanks; Fig. 5 shows a device for fastening the bottom to the load case of the first row.

Loading the oven cassettes with heaps and overfilling is carried out as follows.

Outside the furnace, a filling layer 1 with a thickness of 150-200 mm is poured onto the bottom of the assembled container, billets 2 are placed on filling 1 and then blanks are filled with filling in such a way that the top layer above the blanks is at least 150-20 mm after removing the case 3 container from the oven. The loaded container is installed on the under cassettes 4 of the furnace using an overhead crane or other lifting device (mechanism 9). After that, the bottom 5 of the container is detached from the case 3 and the case is removed from the chamber. The loading of subsequent rows is different in that the containers are set to discharge, covering the workpieces of the previous row. When loading the upper row of blanks into the container, fill in so much overfilling so that the thickness of the upper layer above the blanks is 300-400 mm. If one row of blanks is loaded with several containers, then The removal of the container bodies is carried out after all the containers of this row have been installed.

Containers with a detachable bottom are used to carry out this method of loading cassette chambers. When assembling a container before loading it with blanks and transferring it, the bottom is attached to the body with the help of locking or other types of devices in quantities of four to six pieces around the perimeter of the bottom.

The locking device for fastening the bottom of the container to the body contains 6, bracket 7, a connecting rod.

8, the lever 9 and the arm 10. Moving the container assembly

It is carried out by a bridge crane, or another lifting mechanism with the help of slings hooked to the eyes on the body or to special parts attached to the body. To detach the bottom from the casing, after the container has been placed in the furnace, the slings are hooked to the hooks of the locking devices. When moving t g b up the lever

9, connected to the connecting rod 8, rotates and detaches the bottom 5

from housing 3. The housing 3 is removed from

chambers, and the bottom 5, the workpiece 2 and transfer 1 remain in the kiln chambers

Preserving the advantages of loading furnaces during container burning in terms of speeding up the loading operation and with containerless and part of the volume of materials loaded for burning, the proposed method of loading furnaces avoids such disadvantages as the length of the furnace loading process, a large amount of manual labor during containerless burning, reduction high consumption of metal per ton of baked products during container firing. The fleet of containers is also reduced, as there should be no more than for loading one camera.

Since in the described method the loading of containers with billets and pouring is carried out outside the chamber, this makes it possible to focus these operations on a specialized site, to mechanize and automate the loading process. The working conditions of the unloading loaders are significantly improved, since all operations performed today in the chamber — leveling transfer, installation of blanks, etc. are eliminated. With existing methods of loading, after firing, the loading of material to the cassette chambers is often observed. This is because it is held in the limited space of the cassette. In the proposed method, the bottoms are much easier to clean out of the coked overflow after it has been removed from the chamber, and this operation is easy to mechanize.

Containers are loaded by pouring outside the chamber, therefore

When the camera is loaded, no open pouring operation is performed. The dust content of the workshop from the furnace loading operation is sharply reduced.

An important advantage of the described method is the stability of the billets in the chambers of the kiln furnace, which stabilizes the burning process and improves the quality of the calcined products.

The method leads to a reduction in metal consumption for containers, as their fleet decreases sharply and their service life increases, due to which the cost of the calcined product is reduced.

Claims (2)

1. Chalykh EF. Technologists and equipment of electrode and electric carbon enterprises, M., Metallurgists, 1972, pp. 162-168. 2. US patent 3681818, cl. 25-153, pub. 1972.