SU743752A1 - Vacuum column - Google Patents

Description

I

The invention relates to the design of vacuum columns for the rectification of heavy oil residues and similar chemical products, and can be used in the refining, petrochemical, or chemical industries.

The known vacuum rectification column includes reinforced and distant parts. In the distant part, the light-boiling fractions are separated from the residue by introducing superheated water vapor into one of the lower plates located in the distant part. The remainder is withdrawn from the bottom of the distant part, and the distant pairs enter the reinforcing part of the same column.

The disadvantage of these columns is that, due to the resistance of the plates, the reinforcement part, which is usually 70-9 O mm Hg. Art., distillation of light booster fractions occurs at elevated pressure (12O-15O mm Hg) and therefore in the distant part of these columns is not possible

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to drive off fractions with the end of boiling point 56О580 С and to obtain a heavy residue (guzron) with the beginning of boiling point 54О-56О С.

A two-column vacuum installation is known, comprising two vacuum columns mounted independently on poles. The residue from the first vacuum column is sent to a self-contained distant column, where a reduced pressure is maintained, for example, equal to

10 to the pressure of the top of the first vacuum column, as a result of which a deepening of the distillate and an increase in the balance of 2 is achieved.

The disadvantage of this installation is that the column is additionally distant, and in connection with

15 with this large costs of space, metal, increasing the length of pipelines, the presence of pumps.

A vacuum column is known, containing reinforcing and stripping parts with:

20 plates, devices for introducing raw materials and water vapor, devices for outputting the vapor-gas mixture and a vacuum creating device. The distant part is located

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inside the strengthening part, both work in the presence of water vapor. H.

The disadvantage of this column is the complexity of its manufacture, the large temperature stresses of the temperature difference in the distant and reinforcing parts, and the lack of installation of control and automation devices in the distant part of the column. This column cannot operate with a small difference between the vacuum of the reinforcing and distant parts. The water vapor in this column is impacted in both the replenishing and distant parts, which reduces the clarity of the rectification.

The purpose of the invention is to provide deep distillation of the residue and increase the clarity of the rectification.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the reinforcing and distant parts are equipped with displacement accumulators, a cylindrical insert installed between the reinforcing and distant parts and an overflow pipe located under one of the plates of the distant parts, and the reinforcing part is equipped with a cone, a device for inserting raw materials located under the cone and a device for the introduction of water vapor in the distant part of the column.

The drawing shows schematically a vacuum column, a longitudinal section.

The vacuum column consists of the expansion part 3 and the distant part 2. The reinforcement part 1 is connected to the OTI-OH part 2 of the cylindrical insert 3 and has a cone 4 with plates of different diameters, and the diameter of the plates increases from bottom to top due to the increase in volume raw material vapor.

In the upper bottom of the reinforcing part there is a mixing battery 5, separate from the main part 1 by a semi-deaf plate 6 and connected to a vacuum unit using a device 7.

In the reinforcing part 1 there are plates 8. Below the conic1 of the cone 4 of the reinforcing part 1 there is a nozzle 9 for entering the heated material through the baffle device - ulytu 10; in balance.

The distant part 2 is provided with plates 12 and a semi-deaf plate 13 separating the mixing battery 14 of the distant part 2.

In the upper bottom of the distant part 2 there is a fitting 15 for vapor removal

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of oil product and water vapor in the external condensation system 16, which is connected with vacuum by the falling device 17. Under the bottom of the plates 12 there is a fitting 18 for introducing superheated water vapor.

The bottom plate of the reinforcing part 1 is connected by a flow pipe 19, provided with a wavy compensator 20, with a distant part 2, and the inlet of the overflow pipe into the distant part 2 is located below the semi-deaf plate 13.

Vacuum column works as follows.

Raw material enters the reinforcing part.

1 in the vapor-liquid state through the clamp 9, the baffling device -litu 10. The vapor phase passes through the plates of the conical junction 4, rises up and is rectified on the plates -8 and withdrawn from the column with side straps.

A small part of hydrocarbon vapors (vapors of the 350-360 ° C fraction) is stored in the displacement accumulator 5; where it is condensed by the supplied irrigation and removed from it from the semi-deaf plate 6, and the decomposition gases and hydrogen sulfide are sucked out from the acid of the top 5 vacuum creating device 7, creating a pressure of 10-20 microns at the top of the reinforcing part 1; Hg Art.

The platelet 6 plate serves to prevent the light fraction of 350-360 ° C from falling into the side of the wall. The reinforcement part 1 operates as a water vapor injection box, which reduces the resistance of the plates. As an aggre- gate, the pressure in the evalIopation of DHHo f decreases in the space of the reinforcing part 1 to 70 - 80 mm Hg. cr, which allows to obtain; a large distillate at the input of the raw material. From the semi-deaf plate 11, fractions of 500 C are output, so that light reflux from the upper plates does not fall into the residue.

The remainder of the reinforcing part 1 through the overflow pipe 19, equipped with a wavy condenser 20, installed in connection with various temperature lines of the column and the overflow pipe, flows into the distant part 2 below the semi-deaf plate 13, into the distant part

Claims (3)

2, superheated steam is fed through nozzle 18, so that further stripping of the lenticular fractions takes place from the rest of the reinforcing lobe i, the pairs of fraction 55O-5WO C and the steam are raised to the mixing battery 14. The vapors of the fraction are condensed by supplied irrigation and withdrawal from the accumulator 14, and the water vapor is discharged through fitting 15 to an external condensation system 16 connected to a vacuum generating device 17. In the distant part 2 there is a reduced pressure (30-4 mm) Hg. Art.). From the bottom of the distant part 2 of the column, an upgraded tar is brought out with a boiling point of 54 ° -56 ° C. The operation of the reinforcing part of the column without water vapor makes it possible to obtain more accurate quality side shoulder straps, significantly reduces the diameter of the column and also makes it possible to control the pressure in the column by supplying steam to the steam ejector vacuum pumps. The proposed design of the vacuum column allows the distillation of fuel oil, which reduces the yield of residue (tar) by 2-3% by increasing the selection of side fractions. With a plant capacity of 2.2 million tons per year of fuel oil and a decrease in extraction by 3%, this is 66,000 tons per year, i.e., the processing of fuel oil is reduced by 66 thousand tons per year. The cost of processing 1 ton of oil is 12 p, which means that an economic effect of 792 thousand p / g per effect will make up the installation. The invention contains a vacuum column containing reinforcing and distant parts with plates, a vacuum-creating device, devices for introducing raw materials and water vapor to devices for removing the vapor mixture, which in order to provide deep distillation of the residue and increase the clarity of the rectification, strengthened The remote and distant parts of the column are equipped with mixing batteries and a cylindrical insert installed between the reinforcing and distant parts (parts of the column and a overflow pipe located under one of the distant plates: Asy, the reinforcing part is provided with a cone, a device for introducing raw materials is located under the cone, a device for introducing water vapor in the distant part of the column. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent number 295263, 1960, pp. 261 -114. 2. Authors certificate of the USSR N 517620, cl. From 10 7/00. 3. USSR author's certificate number 567456, cl. B 01 D 3/32, 1971.