SU611988A1 - Method of reversing deep-well pneumatic percussive device for making holes in soil and device for effecting same - Google Patents

Description

When using this method, suction means are required, which are connected to the mains. This control method is effective for impact devices with large radial dimensions of the working chambers, and with sufficiently small dimensions of the chambers it is not feasible.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of control.

For this, compressed air is removed from the line after disconnection by communication with the atmosphere. In the device for implementing the method, the spool is two-staged with air through openings on each of them and is located coaxially between the nozzle stages, which are interconnected by a jumper and equipped with air through openings, and the control valve has an opening communicating with the atmosphere and a damper for its closure.

FIG. 1 shows a percussion device connected to the receiver and is set up -: after the work in the forward stroke mode; in fig. 2 - impact device with receiver, configured for reversing operation; in fig. 3 shows a partial view of the percussion device at the location of the air distributor; in fig. 4 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 - scanning the diameter of the air distributor spool and the mutual position of the nozzles of the nozzle and the air distributor spool; in fig. 6 is a sweep across the diameter D in FIG. 3 and the mutual position of the stops of the pipe and the spool.

For operation in forward or reverse mode, compressed air is supplied from receiver 1 (see Fig. 1) through line 2 to impact device 3, which contains cylinder 4, impactor 5 with a hollow bis 7 and pipe 8 attached by a nut 9 to the tail end of the cylinder 4. The drummer 5 and the cylinder 4 form the front working chamber 10, and the rear working chamber is the cavity 6. In the nut 9 there are holes 11 for exhausting the exhaust air in the device.

A control valve 12 with a flap 13 is installed on the supply line 2. The valve 12 is made of a tee and one of its openings 14 goes out into the atmosphere, and the other two are connected via line 2 to the device 3 and the receiver 1, respectively.

When compressed air is supplied to the rear chamber 6, the hammer 5 moves forward and strikes the front of the cylinder 4, moving the device forward. In the forward position of the striker 5, its window 7 extends beyond the front end edge of the nozzle 8 and communicates the rear chamber 6 with the anterior chamber 10. The pressure of compressed air in both chambers becomes the same. The area of the firing pin 5 from the front chamber 10 is larger than the area of the firing pin from the side of the rear chamber 6, therefore the force acting on the firing pin 5 from the front chamber 10 is greater than the force acting from the back camera 6. The drummer moves in the opposite direction until the windows are open 7 the rear edge of the nozzle 8. When opening the windows 7 occurs

Exhaust air from the front of the camera Yu to the atmosphere. Then the firing pin 5 stops and. starts moving forward again. Pickle is repeated.

When the device is in mode, etc. J or return stroke, the valve 13 is installed; it is horizontal (see Fig. 1), closing the opening 14 and providing compressed air to the working chambers of the device 3. When the device is reversed, the valve 13 of the valve 12 is sharply set to

0 is a vertical position (see FIG. 2), thereby shutting off the supply of compressed air to the device 3. The line in the section from the valve 12 to the device 3 is connected to the atmosphere. Then the resistance to air flow from the side of the line 2 will be less than that of the device 3, resulting in a pressure difference in the working chamber 6 with respect to the line. Under the influence of the pressure difference, the spool valve is switched to the reverse position. During the subsequent supply of compressed air to the device 3, it operates in the reverse mode.

To switch the operation of the device from the reverse mode to the forward stroke, it is necessary to repeat the operation, i.e. supply the compressed air to the device, and then connect it to the atmosphere.

The distributor is made in the form of a two-stage pipe 8, (see Fig. 3), placed in a larger stage in the cavity 6 of the drummer

Q 5 and bearing spring-loaded spool 15. The front part of the nozzle 8 consists of two coaxially arranged cylinders 16 and 17. In the side walls of each of them windows 18 and 19 are placed, and on the cylinder 17 of larger diameter there is a groove 20,

which goes out window 19. Two rows of yfiopoe 21, 22 are made on cylinder 17. 22. Spool 15 is located between cylinders 16, 17 and springs 23 and 24 are mounted on both sides.

The spool 15 is set to

reverse under the influence of pressure drop in the working chambers when the supply of szh, that air is turned off. Oi is made in two stages, with windows 25 and 26 in the side walls of each stage and with two rows of stops 27 and 28. Spool 15 forms a cavity with pipe 8

5 29.

The principle of operation of the device is

next.

At atmospheric pressure, the spool 15 is in the neutral position (see Fig. 3). When compressed air is supplied, it moves

forward. Window 25 extends beyond the end edge of the cylinder 16 of nozzle 8. The stops 27 of the spool 15 pass a line of stops 21 of the cylinder 17 of the nozzle 8. The window 19 of the cylinder 17 is blocked by the wall of the spool 15. Under the action of compressed air entering the rear chamber b, the drummer 5 moves forward and at the end of its stroke strikes the front of cylinder 4. At the end of the stroke of drummer 5 (see fig. 1) windows 7 open and air flows from the back chamber 6 to the front 10, with the result

Claims (2)

0 after striking the impact, the impactor 5 moves in the opposite direction, since its area on the side of the front chamber 10 is larger than its area on the side of the rear chamber 6. When the window 7 of the impactor 5 leaves the rear end edge of the larger step of the branch pipe 8, the compressed air will exhaust from the front chamber 10 through the opening 11 to the atmosphere. The drummer 5 begins to move forward and the cycle repeats. The device operates in the forward stroke mode, i.e., moves forward and pierces a well in the ground. If it is necessary to stop the device, the line pressure of line 2 is disconnected. The position of the valve 13 in the valve 12 does not change. The compressed air gradually leaves the device through the working chambers 6, 10 and the hole 11 in the nut 9. The pressure drops; and the spring 23 moves the spool 15 to the right, which occupies a neutral position. The air remaining in device 3 and line 2 is gradually discharged through the gaps between the parts into the atmosphere. The operation of the device when it is reversed is as follows. Compressed air is fed to the line 2 and the device 3, in the rear chamber 6 of which a nominal pressure is created. The spool 15 is in the same position. Then, the portion of the highway 2 located between the device 3 and the flap 13 is connected to the atmosphere by rotating it. Under the action of the pressure difference in the rear working chamber 6, line 2 and spring 23, the spool 15 moves to the right and, after passing the neutral position, compresses the spring 24 and reaches the rearmost position. During this movement, the spool 15 with its stops 28 interacts with the stops 22 of the cylinder 17 of the nozzle 8, as a result of which the spool 15 turns relative to it. At this moment, two opposite forces act on the spool 15: the compressive force of the spring 24 and the pressure of compressed air in chamber 6. As the air leaks from the back chamber of device 3, the air pressure drops and the force acting from the back of chamber 6 on the spool 15 decreases . Ultimately, the force of the spring 24 exceeds the opposing force, and the spool 15 is shifted to the left, occupying a neutral position. However, due to the fact that the spool 15 has turned, its stops 27 will turn against the stops. 21. When the valve 13 is installed, the valve 12 is in a horizontal position and the subsequent supply of compressed air to the line 2 and the device 3, the spool 15 is shifted to the left. When the spool 15 moves, its stops 27 cooperate with the stops 21. The spool 15 is turned so that its window 26 is installed against the window 19. Compressed air is supplied through the window 25 into the rear chamber 6 of the device 3 and the hammer 5 moves forward. When combining the window 7 of the striker 5 with the groove 20 and the window 19, the compressed air enters the front chamber 10 and slows down the movement of the striker 5 until it approaches the front of the cylinder 4. Then the impactor 8 5 moves to the right due to the difference of the forces acting from the front 10 and rear 6 working chambers (similar to the one described above during the direct course). The volume of the front chamber 10 increases, the striker 5 is thrown back more vigorously, therefore at the end of its stroke it hits the nut 9. The device 3 moves in the opposite direction. Switching the device to work in the forward running mode is similarly switched to reverse. The application of the proposed method improves the efficiency and reliability of control. The pressure drop in the rear chamber 6 relative to the pneumatic line 2 is in real constructions 2-3 MPa. Claim 1. A method of reversing a submersible pneumatic percussion device to form wells in the ground, according to which compressed air is supplied through the line to the working chambers of the device, its i-throttle is disconnected, removed at least from the line to create a pressure drop in the working chambers the distributor spool is in the reverse position, and the compressed air is re-supplied to the line, which differs in that, in order to increase the control reliability, the removal of compressed air from agistrali after otk.pocheni effected by messages from its ambience. 2. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising an axially movable hammer placed in the cylinder, forming working chambers therein that are cyclically communicated with a source of compressed air by means of a distributor, which is designed as a two-stage pipe mounted at the tail end of the cylinder a large step in the cavity of the striker and carrying a spring-loaded spool installed in the reverse position under the influence of the pressure drop in the working chambers when the compressed air supply is turned off, for serves as a valve installed on the control line, characterized in that the valve is made in two stages with air passage windows on each of them and is located coaxially between the nozzle steps, which are interconnected by a jumper and equipped with air passage windows, and the control valve has an opening connected to the atmosphere and shutter to overlap it. Sources of information taken into account during the examination: 1. Author's certificate No. 301098, cl. E 02 F 5/18, 1970. 2. For the number 2164048, cl. E 02 F 5/18, 1975, according to which the decision to issue an author's certificate was made. 1 ta t 5 s -s- n f //// ./ / r /  (3 II 17 gz zj ii zi th is a ge is is 21 g //;//./. L /, / 7, /. ig.5 ifui.S