SU549721A1 - Human heat model - Google Patents

Description

(54) HUMAN HEAT MODEL

one

The invention relates to the field of technological physics and medicine, for example, to means of studying the thermal state of a person, in particular, in isolating personal protective equipment (PPE), for example, diving suits, aviation and space suits, overalls for protecting a person working under the conditions of air pollution with various toxic substances.

Devices of this type are known and usually represent a heated dummy, which is used to simulate human heat production, but they do not allow to simulate the thermal topography and the release of a person.

The closest technological solution to the invention is a human model, which allows to imitate the heat exchange of individual areas of the human body surface: head, shoulders, torso, etc., consisting of a dummy filled with air, an overpressure regulator, electric heating elements, contact dates for temperature ifflKOB, heat meters, stabilized power sources, measuring circuit 2.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

- the rigidity of the metric characteristics of the dummy, which excludes its placement in the insulating means of protection of the person; having limited decay, and does not allow to vary the volume of the dummy and the size of its outer surface;

- approximate nature of the imitation of thermal power given to the external environment due to heat losses at the borders of the electric heater panels and the perceptible amount of heat accumulated by the dummy itself, which has considerable mass and heat capacity;

- the lack of imitation of a person's perspiration, which significantly affects the nature of heat, and mass exchange in the sub-PPE space;

 measurement and regulation of the thermal power released by the dummy by registering the tension at the ends of the heaters and the current flowing in its circuit in the established thermal mode, which significantly increases the duration of the thermal engineering experiments due to the thermal inertia of the system and makes it impossible to use the latter in simulating the input effect of a specific and forms, for example, in the form of regular modes of 1, 2, 3 genera. The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the thermal model when simulating heat, moisture release and thermotopography of the surface of the human body. This goal is achieved by creating an air-filled dummy with a containment made of an elastic material, consisting of an overpressure regulator, electrical heating elements, contact sensors of the surface temperature of the heat model, heat meters, stabilized power sources and a measuring circuit on which heating elements are sequentially fixed in the radial direction. , graded gradient and sorbent layers, playing the role of heat dissipation simulators, body surface temperatures, respectively and sweating man. In this case, the heating layer is made in the form of a set of elastic tapes, in the woven base of which bifillary elements are placed with conductive elements of a material with a low temperature and temperature coefficient of resistance (on the order of Om / hail), for example, constantan wire or electrically conductive threads. The conductive elements are partitioned in such a way that their electrical resistances correspond to the distribution of the local heat emission of a person O, for example, in the range from 70 to 5OO watts. The thermal gradient layer is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient of D p.go, 24-0.5 W / m.grad, for example, rubberized caprone, blackened with soot, the thickness of individual elements of which QCJI, corresponding to a given thermotopography of the surface of the human body, is determined from the expression: radius i | the first element of the model, V is the difference (temperatures on the Lth region of the therm / radiating layer. The surface / thermogradient layer is made in the form of a sorbing layer, for example, from bases, to which flexible, for example, polyvinyl chloride, / water or physiological The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a thermal model of a person, represented by a mannequin 1 filled with air, made in form and in cooTBetv with anthropometric parameters of a person. To control and stabilize the outlet pressure and volume in The inside of the dummy, as well as the area of its external surface, in the containment 2 is made of elastic fabric, for example rubberized nylon, an overpressure regulator 3 mounted, operating in a range of 0.002–02 atm, calibrated in units of the external surface of the containment. if necessary, vary the geometrical characteristics of the dummy and its sections within the limits shown in Table 1. Electric heaters 4 were installed on the surface of the containment 2, made in the form of an elastic set ribbons, in which fabric biphil- lary are placed, current-carrying elements 5 of material with a low temperature coefficient of resistivity (about 10 ohms / hail) aaprm constantan wire type MnMts GOST 5307-69 or electrically conductive threads. To ensure a given topography of heat generation, the electric heaters are closed in such a way that their electrical resistances correspond to the distribution of the local heat generation of a person CJ ,, - for example, in the range from 70 to 500 W. Separate sections of electric heaters are connected to a stabilized DC power supply. On top of the electric heaters by the adhesive method, the convicts have a thermal gradient layer 6 made from a material with a thermal conductivity coefficient ff 0,2-O, 5 Bg / m. hail, for example, from rubberized nylon, blackened by soot, the thickness of individual elements of which corresponding to a given thermotopotraffin surface of a human body is determined from the expression: where f01 is the radius of the i-th element of the model,) is the temperature difference on the i-th part of the thermal gradient layer. The peripheral part of the latter is in the form of a sorbing layer 7, for example, from the base, to which flexible, for example, papichlorovinyl, tubes 8, connected, with a small (up to 200 O ml / hour) capacity, connected, for example, water or saline, from a reservoir of 10. On the outer surface of the

These sorbing layer 7 are placed by elastic heat meters 11 and contact thermometers 12, by means of which the heat output to the external medium is indicated, as well as the surface temperature of the dummy. Elastic heat meters are made in the form of a thermoelectric, for example, a copper-constantan differential battery wound on an elastic tape so that the hot junctions 13 of its raft are attached to the sorbing layer 7, and the cold junctions 14 are in contact with the environment, for example, air the environment of the temperature-controlled chamber, in which the insulated protective equipment under study is stirred 15 The device operates as follows. Before the experiment, set the overpressure setpoint at the regulator 3, place the dummy 1 inside 20 of the insulating equipment 15 and inflate it until the air is discharged through the regulator; Internal electrical and technological communications are connected via continuous pressure connectors: electric heaters 4, humidification systems (tubes 8 with pump 9, heat meters 11, thermometers 12, sealed) Invention 1. Man-made model for simulating heat, moisture lumps and heat-traps man , consisting of an air-filled dummy with a containment made of an elastic material, an overpressure regulator, electrical heating elements, contact sensors for temperature, surface of the model, heat meters, stub ized power sources and measuring circuit, characterized in that, in order to improve measurement accuracy and sensitivity, the heating, thermogradient and sorbing layers acting as heat dissipation simulators, body temperature and person sweat are successively strengthened on the containment .

Cus is installed, in the poddezhny space of which the selected values of ventilation speed, temperature and air humidity are established and maintained; commute external electrical and technological communications, check the operability of measurement and power supply channels for electric heaters.

With the start of the experiment, all sections of electric heaters 4 are simultaneously connected to DC power sources, the voltage on each section corresponds to the calculated value of the input thermal power IQ and is monitored using an exemplary voltmeter, for example, type D-57; open the shutter of the hydraulic pump 9, providing 15 verified portions of the liquid to all areas of the sub-PPE space and continuously record and record on the chart tape of recorders signals from heat meters 11, temperature sensors - thermometers 12 in the form of kinetic curves. corresponding to the distribution of temperatures and the intensity of heat transfer from individual elements of the human thermal model. 2. The thermal model of a person according to claim 1 is different from the fact that the heater layer is made in the form of a set of elastic tapes, in the woven base of which the conductive elements of a material with a low (about 1 Om / degree) temperature coefficient of resistance are bifiltered , for example, Constantan wire or electrically conductive filaments, while the conductive elements are sectioned in such a way that their electrical resistances correspond to the distribution of local human heat, for example, in the range from 70 to 500 V . 3. A thermal model of a person according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal gradient layer is made of a material with a thermal conductivity coefficient of L 0.24 O, 5 W / MX degrees, for example, rubberized nylon, blackened with soot, the thickness of individual elements of which is do- f, corresponding to a given thermotopography of the surface of the human body, is determined from the expression: 0 - i Г pj - radius of the L-th element of the model, t. - temperature difference on the Lth portion of the thermogradient layer. 4. A thermal model of a person according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the thermal gradient layer is made in the form of a sorbent layer, for example, from the base, to which flexible, for example PVC, tube with water or saline solution are connected. Sources of information taken into account in the examination: 1.Heai; 1ier M-Dcuvid. AroEOo suit sutsiantia 6v redesigned.Missi Ees T ocJcebf 1965, 16, No. 17,26,28-29. 2, Livshits A. H., Kuznetsov I. T. Method of modeling the total and local heat transfer of a person using a thermal simulator. Materials of the All-Union Scientific Co-conference on Research Methods for Heat Exchange and Thermal Regulation, Moscow, 1968, pp. 100, 101.

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