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SU475793A3 - The method of finishing textile materials of wool - Google Patents

The method of finishing textile materials of wool

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Publication number
SU475793A3
SU475793A3 SU1835804A SU1835804A SU475793A3 SU 475793 A3 SU475793 A3 SU 475793A3 SU 1835804 A SU1835804 A SU 1835804A SU 1835804 A SU1835804 A SU 1835804A SU 475793 A3 SU475793 A3 SU 475793A3
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SU
USSR - Soviet Union
Prior art keywords
wool
bath
textile materials
shrinkage
weight
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Application number
SU1835804A
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Russian (ru)
Inventor
Роберт Фразер Кокет Кейт (Великобритания)
Бенишек Ладзислав (Чехословакия)
Сидней Джейнс Ричард (Новая Зеландия)
Original Assignee
И.В.С.Номини Компани Лимитед (Фирма)
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Publication of SU475793A3 publication Critical patent/SU475793A3/en

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/30—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with oxides of halogens, oxyacids of halogens or their salts, e.g. with perchlorates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/09—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with free halogens or interhalogen compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
    • D06M13/355—Heterocyclic compounds having six-membered heterocyclic rings
    • D06M13/358—Triazines
    • D06M13/364—Cyanuric acid; Isocyanuric acid; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
    • D06M15/592—Polyamides; Polyimides made from polymerised unsaturated fatty acids and polyamines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Polyamides (AREA)

Description

(54) СПОСОБ ОТДЕЛКИ ТЕКСТИЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ(54) METHOD FOR FINISHING TEXTILE MATERIALS

ИЗ ШЕРСТИFROM WOOL

1one

Изобретение относитс  к текстильной промышленности , а именно к обработке шерсти- улучшению устойчивости ее к усадке.The invention relates to the textile industry, in particular to the processing of wool, the improvement of its resistance to shrinkage.

Известен способ обработки шерсти с целью повышени  ее устойчивости к усадке путем промывки шерсти, окислени  ее, пропускани  через водную дисперсию акрилатного сополимера с последуюшими сушкой и термообработкой . Однако известный способ требует дл  отверждени  акрилатного сополимера высоких температур (120-150°С), что вызывает пожелтение шерсти. Кроме того, полученна  шерсть (текстильные шерст ные издели ) обладает невысокой устойчивостью к усадке.A known method for treating wool is to increase its resistance to shrinkage by washing the wool, oxidizing it, passing it through an aqueous dispersion of an acrylate copolymer, followed by drying and heat treatment. However, the known method requires high temperatures (120-150 ° C) for curing the acrylate copolymer, which causes yellowing of the coat. In addition, the resulting wool (textile wool products) has a low resistance to shrinkage.

С целью повышени  стойкости к усадке шерсти предлагают вводить в водную дисиерсию сополимеров акрилатов катализаторы отверждени  - катионоактивные водорастворимые полиаминоэнихлоргидриновую и (или) нолиэтилениминовую смолу в количестве 4- 30 вес. %.In order to increase the shrinkage resistance of wool, it is proposed to introduce cationic water-soluble polyaminoenichlorohydrin and (or) polyethyleneimine resin in an amount of 4 to 30 weight by weight into the water disierse of copolymers of acrylates. %

Использование указанных катализаторов снижает температуру термообработки акрилоZOTO сополимера (ниже 60°С) со значительным повышением устойчивости к усадке. Благодар  низкой температуре отверждени  акрилового сополимера онерацию отверждени , как правило, совмешают с другими оиераци ми , например крашением. Окисление поверхности шерсти провод т хлорированием или действием других окислителей: перманганата кали , перекиси водорода и т. д. В качестве катализаторов отверждени  акрилового сополи.мера используют известные катионоактивные водорастворимые полиаминоэпихлоргидриновые и (или) полиэтилениминовые смолы.The use of these catalysts reduces the heat treatment temperature of the acryloZOTO copolymer (below 60 ° C) with a significant increase in resistance to shrinkage. Due to the low curing temperature of the acrylic copolymer, the curing operation is generally combined with other processes, such as dyeing. Oxidation of the surface of the wool is carried out by chlorination or by the action of other oxidizing agents: potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. The known cationic water-soluble polyaminoepichlorohydrin and / or polyethyleneimine resins are used as catalysts for the curing of acrylic copolymer.

Из акриловых смол (сополимеров) по предлагаемому способу используют сополимеры зфиров акриловой или метакриловой кислоты или акрилонитрила. Примен ют также акриловые сополимеры с бутадиеном, стиролом, винилхлоридом и т. д. Акриловые сополимерыOf the acrylic resins (copolymers) of the proposed method, copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or acrylonitrile esters are used. Acrylic copolymers with butadiene, styrene, vinyl chloride, etc. are also used. Acrylic copolymers

используют в виде водной дисперсии или эмульсии.used in the form of an aqueous dispersion or emulsion.

П р и .М е р 1. Берут шерст ную ткань, содержашую 0,8% масла, промывают жидкостью, состо шей из 1 мл/л продукта конденсации:PRI. MER 1. Take a wool fabric containing 0.8% of the oil, washed with a liquid, consisting of 1 ml / l of condensation product:

сктил- и нонилфенолов с окисью этилена и 5 г/л глауберовой соли, в течение 10 мин при 40°С.skyl- and nonylphenols with ethylene oxide and 5 g / l of Glauber's salt, for 10 min at 40 ° C.

Дл  хлорировани  шерсти используют ванну из гипохлорита натри , обработку ведут 15 мин до содерл ани  хлора на шерсти 1,3%. Затем в ванну добавл ют метабисульфит натри  в количестве 1 % от веса шерсти; рН ванны поддерживают 2,5-3. Соотношение шерсти и обрабатываемой жидкости в ванне по весу составл ет 1 :40.A bath of sodium hypochlorite is used to chlorinate the wool, and the treatment is carried out for 15 minutes, until chlorine is contained in the coat of 1.3%. Sodium metabisulfite is then added to the bath in an amount of 1% by weight of wool; The pH of the bath is 2.5-3. The ratio of wool to the treated liquid in the bath is 1:40 by weight.

Далее готов т смесь 0,4% от веса шерсти раствора полиаминоэпихлоргидриновой смолы и 2,25% от веса шерсти полиакрилового сополимера, добавл ют поверхностно-активные веш,естБа (ПАВ), разбавл ют 1 : 1. Обработку в ванне ведут нри соотношении ткани и л идкости I : 40 в течение 10 мин при рН 3-5 и перемешивании, затем ввод т ум гчитель (2% от веса шерсти) и еще перемешивают 5 мин, довод т рН до 7,5-8 ш.елочью. Материал удал ют из ванны, отжимают, сушат 15 мин нри 90°С. После отверладени  акриловой смолы промывают 1 час при 40°С и рН 7.Next, a mixture of 0.4% by weight of the wool of the polyaminoepichlorohydrin resin solution and 2.25% by weight of the wool of the polyacrylic copolymer is prepared, surface-active weights, BAT (surfactant) are added, diluted 1: 1. Treatment in a bath is carried out at a ratio of fabric and liquid I: 40 for 10 minutes at a pH of 3-5 and stirring, then an softener (2% by weight of wool) is added and mixed for 5 minutes, adjusted to pH 7.5-8 by cholesterol. The material is removed from the bath, drained, dried for 15 minutes at 90 ° C. After opening, the acrylic resin is washed for 1 hour at 40 ° C and pH 7.

В качестве акриловой смолы используют, например, сополимер этилакрилата, акрилонитрила , метакриловой кислоты, N-метилолациламида и метакриламида.As the acrylic resin, for example, a copolymer of ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, N-methylol acylamide and methacrylamide is used.

Пример 2. Трикотажную шерст ную ткань обрабатывают по примеру 1 с последующей обработкой самосшивающимис  акрилатными эмульси ми, содерл ащими водорастворимую эпихлоргидринополиаминовую смолу. Отверждение провод т при 90°С в течение 15 мип. В результате нет значительного пол елтени  шерсти.Example 2: Wool knitted fabric is treated as in Example 1, followed by processing with self-crosslinked acrylate emulsions containing water-soluble epichlorohydrin-polyamine resin. Curing is carried out at 90 ° C for 15 mip. As a result, there is no significant yellowing of wool.

Пример 3. Противоусадочна  обработка одежды, изготовленной из тонкой шерсти.Example 3. Anti-shrinking treatment of clothes made of fine wool.

Сначала провод т обработку с целью предотвращени  образовани  на одежде складок и морщин. Приготавливают кип щую ванну, содержащую 3% от веса шерсти метабисульфита натри  и 1 г/л неионного детергента. Опускают одежду в ванну и процесс провод т при перемешивании в течение 5 мин. Перемешивание прекращают и одежду выдерживают без перемешивани  еще 10 мин. Затем осуществл ют промывку, если содержание масла в материале одежды составл ет более 0,8%, после чего провод т хлорирование в ванне с соотнощением жидкости и материала 40:1, рН которой составл ет 1,5-2,0. Ванну выдерживают при 16-20°С. Добавл ют 1,8% усваиваемого хлора в виде гииохлорита натри  в течение 20 мин при тщательном перемешивании . Хлорирование продолл ают еще 20 мин также нри тщательном неремещивании. Затем добавл ют метабисульфит натри  в количестве 1 % и жидкость перемещивают.The treatment is first carried out in order to prevent wrinkles and creases in the garment. A boiling bath containing 3% by weight of sodium metabisulfite wool and 1 g / l of non-ionic detergent is prepared. The clothes are dipped into the bath and the process is carried out with stirring for 5 minutes. Stirring is stopped and the clothes are left without stirring for another 10 minutes. Then flushing is performed if the oil content in the garment material is more than 0.8%, after which chlorination is carried out in a bath with a ratio of liquid and material 40: 1, the pH of which is 1.5-2.0. The bath is maintained at 16-20 ° C. 1.8% of the digestible chlorine in the form of sodium hyiochlorite is added over 20 minutes with vigorous stirring. Chlorination is continued for another 20 minutes as well with careful dislocation. Sodium metabisulfite is then added in an amount of 1% and the liquid is transferred.

Готов т эмульсию, содержащую 0,5% твердых частиц эпихлоргидринополиаминовой смолы от веса щерсти и 2,5% твердых частиц анионного акрилатного нолимера.An emulsion is prepared containing 0.5% solids of epichlorohydrin-polyamine resin, based on the weight of the wool and 2.5% solids of the anionic acrylate polymer.

В эмульсию опускают хлорированную ткань и выдерживают более 10 .мин при перемешивании и рН, равном 3-5. Затем рН ванны довод т до 7,0-7,5 добавлением бикарбоната натри . Далее одежду обрабатывают в красильной ванне красител  кислого характераChlorinated tissue is dipped into the emulsion and kept for more than 10 min with stirring and a pH of 3-5. The pH of the bath is then adjusted to 7.0-7.5 by the addition of sodium bicarbonate. Next, clothes are treated in a dye bath dye of an acidic nature.

при 30-100°С. После снижени  температуры до 80°С в ванну ввод т ум гчитель. Затем отжимают и сушат одежду. Усадка одежды снижаетс  в 3,5-17 раз.at 30-100 ° C. After the temperature was reduced to 80 ° C, a softener was introduced into the bath. Then squeeze and dry clothes. The shrinkage of clothing is reduced by 3.5-17 times.

Пример 4. Трикотажную шотландскуюExample 4. Knitted Scottish

шерсть обрабатывают по примеру 1 хлором, а затем смесью смол. Образцы материала подвергают испытани м на усадку нри валке. При этом усадка снижаетс  более, чем в 20 раз.wool is treated according to example 1 with chlorine, and then with a mixture of resins. Samples of the material are subjected to shrinkage tests on a roll. At the same time, shrinkage is reduced by more than 20 times.

П р И м е р 5. Обработку ведут по примеру 2 за исключением того, что предварительную окислительную обработку провод т с применением перекиси водорода. Пример 6. Применение процесса непрерывной обработки топса.EXAMPLE 5 The treatment is carried out according to Example 2, except that the preliminary oxidative treatment is carried out using hydrogen peroxide. Example 6. Application of the process of continuous processing of tops.

Промытый топе, содержание масла в котором не превышает 0,5 вес. %, подают в ванну дл  хлорировани .Washed top, the oil content of which does not exceed 0.5 weight. %, is fed to the chlorination bath.

Тоне в процессе прохоладени  через ваннуTone in the process of chilling through the bath

дл  обработки пропускают над нанравл ющими роликами, а затем через две или более пары прижимных роликов, расположенных на рассто нии примерно 8-10 м друг от друга, таким образом, чтобы топе, проход щий постепенно через прижимные ролики, находилс  ниже поверхности раствора дл  хлорировани . Хлорированный топе зате.м пропускают во вторую ванну, где происходит нанесение смолы на шерсть.for processing, it is passed over the nanorol rollers and then through two or more pairs of pressure rollers located approximately 8-10 m from each other, so that the top passing gradually through the pressure rollers is below the surface of the chlorination solution . Chlorinated top zat.m pass into the second bath, where the resin is applied to the wool.

Втора  ванна содержит композицию следуюшего состава, г/л:The second bath contains the composition of the following composition, g / l:

Ариловый сополимер4Arilov copolymer4

Эпихлоргидринополиаминова  смола0,8Epichlorohydrin polyamine resin 0.8

Уксусна  кислота2,0.Acetic acid 2.0.

Топе, обработанный смолой, пропускают в третью ванну, в которой нейтрализуют избыток хлора и рП довод т до 9.The resin-treated top is passed into a third bath, in which excess chlorine is neutralized and RP is adjusted to 9.

Обработанный и нейтрализованный топеProcessed and neutralized top

пропускают в четвертую ванну, содержашую композицию следующего состава, г/л: Бикарбонат натри 10passed to the fourth bath containing the composition of the following composition, g / l: sodium bicarbonate 10

Пеионный м гчитель2,5.Peyonny m gchitel2.5.

Затем топе высушивают на воздухе приThen the top is dried in air at

100-120°С в течение примерно I мин и высушенный материал пропускают через р д гребней до максимальной выт жки 1,5 с целью доведени  топса до рабочего состо ни . Из полученного топса пр дут пр жу.100-120 ° C for about 1 minute and the dried material is passed through a series of ridges to a maximum stretch of 1.5 in order to bring the tops to a working condition. From the received tops, they are sprinkled.

П р и м е р 7. Рыхлую шерст ную массу обрабатывают в красильной машине нодкисленпым гипохлоритом натри  при рН 2 с получением 1,8% (на шерсть) хлора. На шерсть нанос т водную эмульсию по примеру б, затем нанос т 3% м гчител  и обработанную шерст ную массу отжимают на центрифуге и высушивают на воздухе при 90°С, после чего изготавливают ткань в занием. Вместо рыхлой шерст ной массы можно использоватьPRI me R 7. A loose wool pulp is treated in a dyeing machine with sodium hydroxide at pH 2 to obtain 1.8% (for wool) chlorine. An aqueous emulsion according to Example B is applied to the wool, then 3% of a softener is applied and the treated wool is squeezed out in a centrifuge and dried in air at 90 ° C, after which the fabric is made. Instead of loose wool, you can use

шерст ной материал дл  оде л. 5 Предмет изобретени  Способ отделки текстильных материалов из шерсти путем промывки, отбелки, обработки в ванне, содержаш,ей водную дисперсию акри-5 латного сополимера, сушки и термообработки, отличающийс  тем, что, с целью повыше6 ни  стойкости к усадке шерсти, используют дл  обработки ванну, содержащую водную дисперсию акрилатного сополимера и катионную водорастворимую полиаминоэпихлоргидриновую и (или) полиэтплениминовую смолы в соотношении 96-70 : 4-30. wool material for clothes 5 Subject of the Invention A method of finishing wool textile materials by washing, bleaching, processing in a bath containing an aqueous dispersion of an acry-5 polyamine copolymer, drying and heat treatment, characterized in that, in order to increase resistance to shrinkage of wool, it is used for processing a bath containing an aqueous dispersion of an acrylate copolymer and a cationic, water-soluble polyaminoepichlorohydrin and / or polyethylethylenimine resin in a ratio of 96-70: 4-30.

SU1835804A 1971-10-06 1972-10-05 The method of finishing textile materials of wool SU475793A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4655571A GB1411082A (en) 1971-10-06 1971-10-06 Shrink-resist process for wool

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
SU475793A3 true SU475793A3 (en) 1975-06-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SU1835804A SU475793A3 (en) 1971-10-06 1972-10-05 The method of finishing textile materials of wool

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JP (1) JPS4845695A (en)
AU (1) AU4746872A (en)
BE (1) BE789701A (en)
DE (1) DE2248829A1 (en)
ES (1) ES407506A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2156036B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1411082A (en)
IL (1) IL40474A0 (en)
IT (1) IT968496B (en)
NL (1) NL7213567A (en)
SU (1) SU475793A3 (en)
ZA (1) ZA727043B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2434888A1 (en) * 1978-08-29 1980-03-28 Iws Nominee Co Ltd Shrink-proofing wool etc. - by treating fabric with water soluble hardenable polymer in aq. medium, then adding deposition agent
FR2436213A1 (en) * 1978-09-13 1980-04-11 Oreal COMPOSITION FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS BASED ON CATIONIC AND ANIONIC POLYMERS
DE3135673A1 (en) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-24 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FELT-FREE, DYED WOOL
GB8313262D0 (en) * 1983-05-13 1983-06-22 Precision Proc Textiles Ltd Method of treating wool
DE3417239A1 (en) * 1984-05-10 1985-11-14 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen METHOD FOR PRODUCING FELT-RESISTANT EQUIPMENT, WHEREAS DYED WOOL
GB8725921D0 (en) * 1987-11-05 1987-12-09 Precision Proc Textiles Ltd Treatment of wool

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FR1156947A (en) * 1956-07-16 1958-05-22 Finishing Processes Textiles L Wool and woolen materials treatment process

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BE789701A (en) 1973-02-01
IT968496B (en) 1974-03-20
FR2156036A1 (en) 1973-05-25
ZA727043B (en) 1973-06-27
ES407506A1 (en) 1975-11-01
NL7213567A (en) 1973-04-10
DE2248829A1 (en) 1973-04-12
FR2156036B1 (en) 1976-01-30
JPS4845695A (en) 1973-06-29
IL40474A0 (en) 1972-12-29
GB1411082A (en) 1975-10-22
AU4746872A (en) 1974-04-11

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