SU362576A1 - - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the field of surveying and geodetic instrumentation and can be used to determine the exceedances by the method of geometric leveling.

Devices are known for automatically installing a line of sight in geodetic and surveying instruments — levels. These devices have an insignificant (from several minutes to several tens of minutes) working angular range that does not allow rejecting leveling devices and a trigger with lifting screws, although the leveling level itself due to the possibility of applying a more coarse (round) level and larger the cutting step on the lifting screws is performed at a higher speed than in the case of a conventional level with an exact cylindrical level. Known levels with a self-aligning line of sight include a body, a lens, a grid of filaments and a focusing mirror, freely suspended from the base, aligned to the direction of sight, a prism block transmitting the image of the rail and the grid of filaments in the zero view of the lens.

The described level allows to increase the leveling performance by eliminating the operation of leveling the device with the installation level and lifting screws, and reducing the weight and size. New in the letters is that the grid of threads and the lens are suspended on an additional axis that coincides with the direction of sighting, the prismatic block is suspended on an axis parallel to the line of sight, the flat focusing mirror is separated into an independent block, freely suspended by a wide-biased magnetic demultiplier. The prisms of the block, which transmit the grids of the filaments and the slats to the ocular part of the telescope, are made in the form of tillers, which, at the non-movable eye of the eyepiece, can take readings on the rail even when the device has a significant inclination with respect to horizon. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed level, top view; on

FIG. 2 - the same, side view.

The optical scheme of the level includes a lens 1, a flat mirror 2, a rectangular lens 3, attached to the rim 4 of the lens 1 or directly to the object, nentanprism 5, an auxiliary lens 6 and an ocular 7. The light hole in the housing 8 is blocked by a wedge-shaped glass plate 9, used for adjustment. A netting thread 10 of the usual kind is applied or

on one of the surfaces of the lens (as shown in Fig. 1), or on a prism 3, or on a non-parallel nloscopic plate

11, located between lens 1 and nrizmon 3.

Under the power of gravity (the gravity of the metal is shifted down), the lens 1, along with the law 4, the prism 3 and the grid of the threads 10, can rotate about two axes: the axis

12, coinciding with the sighting axis and the optical axis of the lens 1, and the axis 13, perpendicular to the UN 12. The flat mirror 2 is freely illuminated on the axis 14, which is parallel to the axis 13 and perpendicular to the direction of sight. The pentaprism is located on axis 15, which is located perpendicular to the smallpox 13 and coincides with the axis of the auxiliary objective 6. The calm of the oscillations of the circuit elements relative to the axes 13 and 14, respectively, is carried out with magnetic induction dampers 16 and 17. Take special measures to calm the oscillations the circuit elements relative to the axes 12 and 15 are not necessary, owing to the low accuracy requirements for the indicated axes (on the order of a few angular minutes). To avoid non-refocusing when sighting on equidistant leveling slats, axes 13 and 14 are at the same level, and therefore the distance between the lens 1 and the mirror 2 and the naps of the device remains unmeasured, which causes focusing. The focusing is performed by the displaced mirror 2 along with the axis 14 and the damper 17 along the length of sight. For sighting, the level is rotated relative to the vertical axis 18, which, in order to eliminate the sinister counting on the rails caused by the tool’s horizon, is located in the vicinity of the intersection of the axes 12 and 13, in the ideal case should pass through the said point . All design elements of the circuit are located in the housing 8.

In the process of operation, the level is installed on the shaft and its position is approximately (by eye) horizontal. As practice shows, the device is installed on the eye with an accuracy of 0.5-3 °, so the working limits of the oscillations of the elements of the concept with respect to the respective axes can be limited to 3-4 °. In the installed level, the optical axis of the lens (due to the rotation relative to axis 13) and the reference wire of the grid (due to the lens rotation along with the grid and axis relative to axis 12) are arranged horizontally, mirror 2 (due to rotation about axis 14) accepts a vertical position. The image of the scals forms in the plane of the reticle 10 and with the help of the ocular part 3-5-6-7 is transmitted to the eye of the observer. Due to the free suspension of pentairims 5, its orientation relative to the prism 3 remains unchanged, thus making it possible to take readings on the rail with the side tilts of the level, and as a result of the constructive unification of the grid of threads and lens 1, errors caused by displacements of these components are eliminated one relative to the other. The distance from the filament mesh to the center of the lens is chosen to be smaller so that the requirements on the accuracy of axis 13 can be reduced. In case the filament mesh coincides with the center of the lens (front leading point), the accuracy of axis 13 can be equalized with axes 12 and 15 (several minutes) The accuracy of axis 14, depending on the accuracy class of the instrument, should be from a tenth of a second to 10-20 seconds.

Subject invention

A level with a self-aligning sighting line containing a lens, a grid of filaments and a focusing mirror, freely illuminated on an axis that is not perpendicular to the line of sight, an identifying system and an iris unit that transmits images of the slats and grid of filaments to the ocular, characterized by in order to exclude the operation of leveling the device, reducing the mass and dimensions, in it the grid and the lens and the lens on the additional axis, coinciding with the line of sight, the prismatic flea of iodine on the axis parallel to the line of sight, focusing mirror allocated in singly and provided with a damper unit.

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