SU292326A1 - NUCLEAR REACTOR COOLED BY LIQUID - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to liquid cooled nuclear reactors (predominantly sodium), with a submerged core and several heat exchangers operating in parallel, having an upper supply of heating agent located in common with the core of a sealed enclosure.

In the known reactors of this type, the coolant from the active zone is charged to the distribution box. then from heat exchangers and directed to a collector, from where they are pumped back into the core.

This scheme provides a simplified connection between the core and the tenlo exchangers, the reliability of the device and reduces the risk of leakage.

However, in this scheme, it is impossible to stop the circulation of liquid and sodium in one of the heat exchangers, which must be turned off, for example, to switch to a lower volume after the neutron reactor shutdown or in case of an accident, when it is necessary to shut off the secondary heat carrier to this heat exchanger. Continuing the circulation of liquid sodium in the disconnected heat exchanger will cause a significant increase in the temperature of the sodium exiting it, mixing it with cooler streams from other heat exchangers can cause serious disturbances in the pcaiiTOpa operation.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure that the circulation of the primary heat transfer medium in any of the parallel heat exchangers or their whole unit is stopped.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the upper-vnuchnye windows for entry into the heat exchange and heating agent (liquid sodium) are surrounded by a bell-shaped shell, onuskayuyun1, e11c below the inlet ports, into the upper point of which an inert gas is fed.

The gas expelled by liquid sodium from under the bell frees up the inlet windows and thus stops the circulation of the sodium in telomexenia. At the same time, sodium is pushed back into the body exchanger. so that the top of its tubes is exposed.

In order to ensure the cut-off of heat exchangers and the absence of liquid sodium convection, the upper inert gas supply point is located below the natural level of liquid sodium in the tank.

Pa in the drawing is a schematic view of the lower part of the reactor vessel with one of the heat-transfer materials.

Liquid sodium (the direction of movement is shown by arrows) is pumped upwards through the fuel assemblies of the core and into the volume separated by a partition 5, in which there are upper partial exchangers. According to the height of the partition, the heat transfer meshes are chosen so that even when the organized circulation stops, when the liquid sodium inside the non-urban area is at the same level as the sodium outside of it (the natural level), the body tenloobenincosis was filled. When the pump is in operation, a nanor will be created, and as a result, the level beyond the non-urban area will exceed the level in dollars to a height of /; ..

The heat carrier enters the heat exchangers through windows 6, and exits through windows 7. The cooler (heat exchanger) is fed through the central pipe 8 to the lower collector 9, passes the bottom-up heat exchanger and is removed through the upper collector to the pipe JO.

A bell 1J is installed around windows 6, hermetically coupled to the upper part of the Cornus of the tenloobmennka above the entrance windows. The lower edge of the bell is rasologey below the working level inside the unregulated lower edge of the windows 6. (Instead of one bell 11, for each window 6, a system of buckets parallel connected can be installed). The top of the bell Y / leads from pipe 12, but which can be supplied with nintert gas through a shut-off clan, the same gas is used as for creating a protective atmosphere inside the reactor's cornea, argon.

If it is necessary to stop the circulation of liquid sodium in the heat exchanger but the pipe 12 iodine gas, which pushes the sodium away from the inlet windows 6, displaces it from the outside of the bell outside the wall and into the inside of the heat exchanger. The pressure of the gas is adjusted so that the level of sodium inside the bell will start at 1P1 window, but not below the bottom edge of the bell, and the gas will begin to drop into the atmosphere of the reactor. In this way, the circulation of sodium through one of the tenlo-exchangers is stopped, while the work of the other tenlobmeeics is not interrupted.

Using bells, it is possible, nrndava nm in the desired form, to regulate the flow of liquid sodium chloride between the heat exchangers, to ensure laminarization of the sodium notoc, and to form the formation of vortexes at the entrance to the heat exchangers.

In the case when the organized circulation is stopped and the natural equilibrium of the levels inside the partition is established in the building, as well as in the natural formation, when the neutron notes in the reactor and the pumps are stopped, the circulation continues due to residual heat release) natrn to the heat pump. Meppike is also achieved in the same way, so long as the top gas inlet point of the bell is below the natural level.

However, if the pumps are stopped when the tenlobme1nn1k is insulated, then in this case the insula tion continues to sleep, and the natural residual convection concerns the uninsulated heat insulators.

It is also possible due to the presence of a bell at a predetermined level in the direction of the partition between the windows 6 and above the predetermined level for the dispensed circulation. This in some cases facilitates the exchange of heat exchange or cooling by natural convection, however, it is difficult to control the NDT.

PREDIMT AND 3 ABOUT IT

1. A nuclear reactor cooled by a liquid, using sodium liquid, with a submersible core and several heat-inhibiting materials working in parallel with 1

the upper nodvod heating agent (nerve heat carrier: 1), located in common with the active zone sealed Cornus, having a primary coolant pump to nodachi in common to all heat exchangers capacity, characterized in that, in order to stop the circulation of the nervous heat carrier in any of the heat exchangers Lastly, they have a bell-shaped shell at the top around the trench heating agent trench,

Lowering 1p-1zhe inlet ports, at the upper point of which is located the inert gas.

2. Reactor but n. 1, characterized in that, for the purpose of cutting off the heat exchangers and in the absence of organized circulation of the primary coolant, the upper point of inert gas supply is located below the natural level of the primary coolant at the root of the reactor.

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