SU26264A1 - Shaft furnace for the treatment of solids with gases - Google Patents

Description

In reactions between solids and gases, it is of great importance that the gases can directly come into contact with the entire surface of the solids, which is best achieved by passing the gas through the layer of solid material, as it is found in a high-pitched shaft furnace. the simplest of many cases is the best adaptation for the named purpose. However, the field of application of the shaft type furnace is significantly limited. This is due to the diverse properties of the solids, and especially to those which occur at high temperatures. Thus, many solids have a greater tendency to sinter at high temperatures, which makes it difficult to operate normally or even makes it impossible. Other substances tend to lose their mechanical strength during

gas treatment and, under the influence of a higher pressure in the lower part of the shaft, disintegrate into powder, which, cluttering the shaft, often makes it impossible to use a shaft furnace. Thus, processing, powdered material in the shaft furnace; it is very difficult, when such substances are to be processed, they must first be turned into pieces, and the mechanical strength of the pieces must be such that the above-mentioned disadvantages cannot be shown. Since agglomerating or briquetting with a message of very high strength is usually difficult and always relatively expensive, for a whole range of powdered substances the use of a shaft furnace is completely excluded.

For substances that cannot be processed in an ordinary shaft furnace, a number of types of furnaces, called mechanical furnaces, have been developed. These include.

for example, rotary kilns, masonry kilns with mixing devices, kiln-loading kilns, etc. In all these kilns, it is common that in the mechanical movement of the material they try to prevent sintering and at the same time continuously bring gas into contact with the gases ; the gases in these furnaces no longer pass through the material, but always above it. Therefore, a layer of material can never be particularly high and must be in continuous or often repeated movement. By their very nature, these furnaces are less adapted for carrying out the reaction between the gas and the solid material - first of all, the surface contact of the gas with the material is very small compared to the need for a large volume of such furnaces, and very often it is necessary to be satisfied with an extremely low thermal coefficient of efficiency and very poor use of gases.

The proposed design of a shaft furnace, while retaining the most important advantages of shaft furnaces, can also be used to process gases with such materials that cannot be processed in conventional shaft furnaces. The proposed furnace is composed of a series of one-on-one individual vessels, fitted with bottoms with openings for the passage of gases, in which the solid materials to be treated are located.

FIG. 1 of a schematic drawing shows a vertical section of a shaft furnace for treating solids with gases; FIG. 2- vertical section of three working mines connected in one unit,

The proposed furnace, furnace A, consists of a blade part B, a head section C and a row of vessels VI-XIII located between them (Fig. 1). Each of the VI-X1P vessels has a bottom provided with openings for the passage of gases, the treated material is placed on the ketor, after which the vessels are mounted one on another on the bottom portion S and the head part C is placed on top.

The gas used for treatment is supplied from above through the supply pipeline D to the head section and at the bottom is discharged to the pipeline JE in the bottom section B. The vessels yi-XIII are loaded with material directly if the shape of the latter is in the form of a nut or small pieces; However, the porous rial is first agglomerated or briquetted. However, the agglomerates or briquettes should not have large mechanical strength. The sealing between the individual vessels can be carried out in various ways. For example, a sand plug can be provided between the vessels, and a chute is arranged along the upper edge of the vessels, and a flange along the lower edge. Other sealing devices may also be used. In order to independently move the underlying vessels in the vertical and horizontal direction, in order to provide the opportunity to replace the VI-XP1 vessels in a uniform sequence, the proposed furnace is arranged with the possibility of ascent and descent. For vertical movement, the furnace (Fig. 1) is mounted, for example, on a hydraulic movable piston f; the replacement of vessels is carried out by shifting them horizontally on wheels or rollers mounted on vessels. When the furnace is lowered, these wheels fall on the rails; which pass on both sides of the furnace at the height of its various Rus (not shown in Fig. 1), after which the corresponding vessel, for example XIII, can be horizontally extended, for example, by movement of the hydraulic piston G. When the newly loaded vessels are turned on, they do the same. With a slight lowering of the furnace, starting from vessel VI inclusive, the furnace sits on the rails; installed slightly below the lower edge of the vessel vi. When the subsequent descent of Dorsal F follows, the bottom part of B is gripped down, so that an empty space is formed between the latter and vessel VI, into which a newly loaded vessel V can be inserted (Fig. 2). The whole furnace is then raised to a height corresponding to the height of one vessel, and the furnace is again operated normally.

Due to these mechanical devices, the replacement of individual vessels can occur very quickly so that the furnace exploits continuously. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a furnace that has, in addition to the shaft A, for in-house processing of a material with gas,

Mine A for preheating solid material and Mine A for cooling it. Both shafts are made up of vessels of the same design as the gas treatment furnaces, and have the heads O and O and the bottom parts B and B. It is assumed that the heating gas in this shaft furnace is directed upwards from mine A, and so however, the gas is directed for cooling in the shaft A. With this direction of the gases J8 of the gas-treating furnace A, the first material that has been processed will be in the uppermost vessel XIII, which is removed; the vessel V is heated to the bottom by a heated load. In the heating shaft, on the contrary, the heating of the lowest vessel V is completed and it is transferred to furnace A for gas treatment, while vessel / C; fresh material is introduced into the shaft above. Similar conditions in the cooling well A, the lower frame vessel XVII contains the finished cooled material, while the vessel XIII with furnace-heated hot material is inserted at the top.

After the gas supply to the various mines is stopped or switched to the circulating pipeline, the head portions C and C rise to the height of ONE vessel and in this position are suspended, for example, on rails. At the same time, the blade part B of the gas-treating furnace A is lowered onto the height of one vessel, so that, firstly, the uppermost vessel XIII is released and, secondly, under vessel VI, there is a free space to place the vessel V. . Vessel XIII moves to Cooling Shaft L, where it will be the topmost; the vessel XVII, whose cooling is complete, is taken out down from the cooling shaft; vessel V, whose heating has already been completed, is below

The preheater Ldl shaft is introduced into the furnace / 4 for gas treatment at the bottom of it, and the vessel loaded with fresh cold material / is introduced at the top into the L shaft for preheating. When these movements are completed, the flap portions B to B of mines A and A, for heating and for cooling, rise to the lower vessels of these mines. A slight further elevation of these shafts releases the closures of the head parts and the lowest vessels. Then it is lowered to the height of one vessel of the shaft L and L for heating and cooling, and at the same time the furnace A for treating 1H is raised to the height of one vessel 1 up to the stop in the head part C, so that the whole system is in operation again and all the mines are needed for the next moving the starting position.

Thus, the rise of the gas treatment furnace A is carried out simultaneously with the lowering of the mines AI and A for heating and For cooling. By this, the moving masses are balanced in such a way that in the general movement a small power is required.

The design of the furnace described above may be in many respects. modified, especially in relation to devices that hold vessels in certain positions, as well as to shift them and to carry out their gliding movements. It is also obvious that the direction of movement of gases in various mines should not be unconditional in the gas-treating furnace, but in the mines for heating and cooling from the bottom up; with equal success, the reverse direction of flow can also be applied.

The shaft furnace above can generally be used for treating solids with gases, for example, for various burning operations, for reduction by gases, for treating gas mixtures with solid catalysts, etc. The furnace can be used for material with any grain size, for powder material prior to agglomeration or briquetting. By distributing the load between several vessels, it is achieved that the material is arranged only in thin layers. Breaking it up so easily in conventional shaft furnaces is eliminated. When agglomerating or briquetting, weak binding is already sufficient, in order to avoid fracture and crumbling of the material. It is quite enough briquetting one pressing, without subsequent firing. Further, the material in the vessels is completely at rest; therefore, the gas flow during processing does not change, as is the case with conventional shaft furnaces, where the lowering of the material is uneven and cannot be controlled. The invention avoids all the exploitation delays resulting from this. The gas treatment of the material will be uniform throughout its mass. Repair of the furnace can be carried out without interrupting its operation, since the damaged vessels can be replaced with new, ready-made, spare vessels.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A furnace for treating solids with gases, characterized in that it is formed by individual I, II, III vessels installed for treating the substances to be treated and equipped with bottoms with openings for the passage of gases. , and is equipped with devices for keeping the vessels at a rate. divided location, in order to allow independent movement of the underlying vessels in both the vertical and horizontal directions. 2. The form of the furnace according to claim 1, characterized by the simultaneous use of several identical mines connected in one unit, which serve for preheating, the actual processing of materials and cooling. to the patent of the foreign company “Joint Stock Company Norwegian Steel Elektrnsk-Gaz-Reduction No. 26264 FIG I. FIG 2.