SU2061A1 - Logarithmic counter - Google Patents

Description

FIG. 1-12, several embodiments of the proposed logarithmic counting device are shown: in FIG. 1 shows a top view of the device, FIG. 2 is a section along the ab line of FIG. 1 (viewed from the right), in FIG. 3 is a top view of the device with a simplified installation of a rotating body serving for the result of the counting; FIG. 4 - section G-I of FIG. 3 (left side view), in FIG. 5, 6, 7 and 8 depict another embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 3 and 4, wherein FIG. 8 is a section through E-F of FIG. 6, in FIG. 11 is a partial side view, partially a top view of the top board of the mounting and transmission device, as well as an automatic device for determining the order; in FIG. 12 is a section along the line C-D of FIG. 11 (left side view), in FIG. 9 and 10 - details of the device.

In box 1, a prism 2 is placed, on the six side faces of which are located parts of the logarithmic scale of numbers with a logarithmic unit of 50 SL1. The prism axis of the box and its ends 3 and 4 are located in its head parts in vertical guides by means of springs for more comfortable and distinct rotation and for better alignment with the box lid at its ends. The rotation of the prism in this form of implementation is carried out using screw 5. It can, however, in combination with the input numbers mentioned below, be brought into action, almost entirely mechanically, with the help of gears and an endless steel band with a head. At the right end of the axis, a counting ring 6 is inserted with the numbers O - 5. The spring 7 presses it against the rotating screw 5, with which it engages by means of several projections. The wheel 6 is therefore rotated along with the prism 2, but maybe, when the springs are compressed, it is rotatable and separate from the prism. Parallel to the prism 2 there is a camera for the scale, inside which in the slots 11, 12, 13 arranged in the box can move parallel to the prism counting disks 8, 9, W, equipped with scales on both sides. The top board 8 is set to a counting position. For

the reading is served by a glass moving plate or slider 14, about 3 cm wide, moved across the entire width of the counter; it is provided with a longitudinal line (hair) on the underside (in Fig. 1, this slider is not shown). In this way, for example, the dimensions of a calculating line with a logarithmic unit of 50 s / and (length 53, depth 4.3, height 1.3 hedgehog) can be reduced to the following: length from 11 to 11.5, depth - 5.2 and height is 1.2 cm. In the described embodiment, the board 8 is provided with: on the front side a logarithmic scale of numbers; on the back - a scale of inverse numbers (inverse scale); Board 9 is equipped with a front scale of squares (it also has a scale of cubes); the board W has a sine scale at the front, a tangent scale at the back, each scale consisting of six equal parts; other scales can be adapted with the same convenience. For special needs, for example, when frequent transitions from one scale to another are required, it is possible to double the length of the counting scale. The use of such a device is exactly the same with the use of a whole counting line. With ETOL1, the following should be taken into account: the parts of the scale contain introductory numbers O - 5 on the left; on the right, introductory numbers 1-6, located on partially painted floor x; the left introductory numbers are for the left and the right for the right.

Note I. 1.5-4.

Prism 2 is rotated until the occurrence of divisions 1.5. This number is fixed using the slider. Then, as in the solid ruler, a counting board with a mark 7 is installed, respectively. The slider is then set to division 4 of the counting board, and the prism is further rotated three times, in accordance with the introductory number 3. On a scale 4, the rotating prism is obtained 6. To avoid errors Use the counting wheel.

1.5-5 is obtained in the same way; 1.5.6.

Example II 6.5: 5.

Install the engine on the division of 6.5 prisms, and the number 5 of the counting board on the dashboard. The prism is turned according to the introductory number 5 on the left by four scales (division) back. Under the mark / on the prism get left 1.3.

When reading squares and cubes and roots of numbers (as well as when determining the values of sine and tangent), the introductory numbers of the parts of the scale on the counting board and on the prism should be consistent with each other.

Having made the device from metal, it is possible to achieve high accuracy of calculations, and with a large number of counting boards - a wide variety of applications of the device. Handling can be greatly simplified by using a mechanical rotating device for the introductory numbers.

FIG. 9 -12 depict the installation and transmission devices used in the following embodiment, as well as the automatic device for determining the number of characters. FIG. Figure 11 shows the entire instrument for a larger unit of measure, with parts of the lid being removed in some places so that the internal structure of the mechanism can be seen.

The whole box splits into three parts 15, 16, 17, to which you need to add an additional box 18, in which the device for determining the number of characters is placed and which is shown without a cover in FIG. 11. In the compartment 75 a rotating body 19 is placed with polygonal side surfaces (corresponding to the prism 2 in Fig. 1), on which consecutive parts of a logarithmic scale are plotted. This rotating body (like the same prism 2 has springs in paragraphs 20, 21, in order to be able to correctly install its side surfaces and is equipped with conical wheels 22, 23 at the ends. At the top, compartment 15 is equipped with a viewing slot 24, through which one of the side surfaces of a rotating body. A counting board is placed in the upper part of the compartment b

25, which, like a rotating body, has parts of a logarithmic scale and can move in slots

26.27; Further, an intermediate bottom 28 is placed there, part of which is shown in FIG. 9 and which is provided at the ends with input or limit numbers (Fig. 9). Stepped rollers 29, 30 are located under it, at its ends, supporting their respective conical teeth 31, 32 with their axes. Each of the rollers 29, 30 is located opposite to the respective adjusting wheel 37, 38, mounted on the corresponding tetrahedral axis 33 or 34 and able to move on it. Moving the mounting wheels 35,36 along the mounting plate 39 (Fig. 9) is performed using the setting heads 37, 38 (Fig. 11 and 9), which are connected to the forks covering the respective adjusting wheel on both sides. For mounting on the required scale, each wheel is provided with a pointer 40 (Fig. 9). At one end of each four-sided axis, a conical wheel 41 or 42 is engaged, coupled with the corresponding conical gear 22 or 23 on the axis of the rotating body. In the compartment 16, there are two more gear wheels 43 (in Fig. 11 one of them is shown, namely, the left one) coupled with the gear rack on the underside of the board 25, and serving for the refined installation of the latter. These gears are driven by the wheels 44, 45 and the axle 46. In the lower part of the compartment 16 there is still room 47 (Fig. 12) for further counting boards. A slider 50 equipped with one or more stretched hairs 51 can be moved above the counting board 25 and the slit 24 in the guides 48, 49. In the compartment 17 a driving device consisting of a handle 52 with a bevel wheel 53 and an axis 54 is placed conical gears 55, 56 and 57. Gears 55, 56 interlock with the corresponding gears 31, 32. The handle can be rotated clockwise (in the "direction of addition), which corresponds here to multiplication (with equal addition scales) and in the opposite direction direction that corresponds division (subtraction). To avoid errors, the movement of the handle in one of the directions may be limited by the use of a swivel gear. In order for the handle to always give only one full turn, on its underside there is a pin 58 (Fig. 11) with a spring that can drop into the notch of the board 59. Using a small handle on the upper side of the handle, it is necessary to release it before each rotation the pin from the recess, into which he drops again after a full turn of the handle.

Let it be necessary to produce the multiplication 18,36X2.165. The slider is set to the number 1836 of the rotating body, and the initial division of the counting board is brought into coincidence with the hair of the slider, i.e. over a fixed number. Then the engine is moved so that its hair comes against the number 2165 of the counting board, and the pointer of the setting wheel 35 (the right setting wheel 36 is automatically closed by the counting board) is positioned against the scale on which the number 2165 stands (Fig. 9). If the handle is now turned once in the direction of addition, then on the rotating body, taking into account the number of orders, the result will be read 39.75. Due to the rotation of the handle, the stepped rollers 29, 30 are rotated, which can also be produced electrically. In the present example, the roller 30 is inactive, since the corresponding adjusting wheel 36 is in the resting position. Opposite roller

29 turns by means of adjusting wheel 35 of tetrahedral axis

30 and bevel gears 41 42 rotating body 19, respectively, mounting the wheel 35 to the number of scales required for this example. The automatic return of the setting wheel to the resting position is carried out in the usual way.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary device for automatically determining the number of characters (18 in FIG. 11); FIG. 10 this device is shown in cross section (60 is a box with a viewing hole 67; in Fig. 11 a cover with this hole is not shown). A wheel 62, fixed on the axis of the rotating body 79 and having in this case only one tooth or protrusion, at each complete rotation engages the gear 63, having, for example, 1D teeth and sitting on the same axis with the counting wheel 64. Not shown in FIG. 11, the plate spring enters one of the valleys of the wheel 63 and forces the latter, together with the wheel 64, which bears the digits O, -f 1, + 2 ... + 5 and - 1, - 2, which determine the number of orders; - 3, - 4, always turn further by one tooth or by one number. The fixture is fixed to the machine by a protrusion 65, which enters the tube 66 on the front wall of the compartment 75 of the box, and is secured with a spring. The counting wheel 64 is connected to a pivot pin 67, through which it can be uncoupled from the wheel 62 (with h. M, if necessary, the protrusion 65 is somewhat pulled out of the tube 66J and is set to one of the numbers on its circumference There is one rule to get the number to be set in the viewing hole at the beginning of each calculation, for all expressions composed of multiplication, division and elevation to a power. Let & denotes the number of digits, Sn is the number of orders of the denominator and ira visibility between the numbers of multiplications and divisions; in this case, the setting number is always E (S, - S ,,) - l.

For the triple rule:

E Og Sn Q.

If this number is set in the manhole, then after counting, the counting wheel will automatically show the correct number of orders S in this hole.

Examples:

1) 2.4: 0.062; J5 + 1; S + 2; result: 38.7.

32.4

0.0234; E 0;

2) 9D

result: 0.0833.

3) result: 1024.

The wheel of the counting wheel can also be applied to the rack.

The described device can be used simultaneously for producing both addition and subtraction if, for example, on the board 25 or on some other counter board and on the rotating body to apply the scales. with the same divisions. Having received a unit of measure of 5 tons for the scale, it is possible to make accurate calculations, i.e., without approximation, up to 99999. In this case, the effect of the above-described fixture for determining the number of orders extends to tens of thousands of hours. It is expediently attached to the left side of the device. Thanks to the extension of the device, the area of calculation is further expanded, as in counting machines. A device for determining the number of orders can be attached, respectively, to counting and other counting devices.

FIG. 3 to 8, two further embodiments are shown which show how to simplify the counting device shown in FIG. 1 and 2, with the aid of a device for mounting the rotating body 2 on the result of the counting. As seen in FIG. 3 and 4, of which FIG. 4 shows a section through G-H, left-side view; the device consists of two pairs of wheels 73, 68 and 74, 69 located at the front ends of the calculating ruler, with endless ribbons 70, 71, with holes 72, thrown around them. from each other at a distance equal to the distance between the midpoints of the scales and captured by the teeth or axles of the wheels 73 or 74, which sit at the ends of the axis of the rotating body 2. The actuation takes place, as usual, by inserting a pin into the hole

72 tapes, which, when multiplied, are moved from the scale considered in this case to the stop 75 or 76, and during division, in the reverse order, i.e. insert the pin at the stop and move it to the scale on which the required number is located; you can do and vice versa. Whether the pin needs to be inserted to the right or left is automatically determined, since only the tape that is needed to obtain the result remains open, while the friend is closed by the counting board. The latter in the final position overlaps both belts 70 and 71. For clarity, it is in FIG. 3 not shown. The visible board 28 represents the fixed intermediate bottom of the device shown in FIG. 11 and 12, equipped with right and left input or limit numbers of scales.

Example: 2.75 X 4.4 12.1.

The right mark (end line) is set on 2.75 parts of the scale of the rotating body, and the slash line on the 4.4 counting board. Then, a pin on the right side is inserted into the hole of the scale with the end number 464, on which the number 4.4 stands, and the right belt is moved to the stop. The result of 12.1 can immediately be read on the upper scale of the rotating body.

FIG. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the device, with FIG. 8 depicts the section along the BF in FIG. 6. The actuation of the device is performed in this case by means of toothed racks. On the axis of the rotating body, on the right and left sides of the common coupling 77 rotating together with the axis and which can move on it, are the teeth 78, 79 mounted (Fig. 6, on which there is no cover). If you insert the pin into the recess of the outer rack 80 and bring it to the stop 81, then the lower rack 82 and 53 connected to it also move with it; at the above, the slats mentioned above or (with the spring action of springs 84, 85) one of them, depending on the position of the gears 78, 79, moves in one direction or the other, is entrained in rotation and rotating

the body, since the teeth of the rail 83 and the tooth of the cam 79 have the opposite direction to the teeth of the rail 82 and the teeth -78. At that position, the tooth, the head, as shown in FIG. 5 and 6, the rake only drives the teeth 78, while the other teeth 79 rotate with it idly. By the springs 84 and 55, the gear racks automatically return to the end position. In order to prevent reverse rotation of the teeth 78, and with it the rotating body, there is a retaining spring 86 (Fig. 5). The same applies to the gear 79.

If the collar 77 is moved together with the 3 arms 78 and 79 using the bracket 87 and the handle 88 to the right, as a result of which the drive device is set to "division, the gear 7 will rotate idle." The gear 79 is rotated by the rack 83 in the direction opposite to the former rotation of the gear 78. This achieves that, both during multiplication and division, the adaptation of the device is carried out in the same way. - moving the pin all the way.

The handling of the device when calculating the same with the above.

SUBJECT OF THE PATENT.

1. A logarithmic counting device, characterized by the use of one or more, located in the box 7 (Fig. 1), rotating prisms 2 of arbitrary cross section, the side surfaces of which are equipped with logarithmic scales, and the axes of rotation are parallel to the length of the box 7, which scales correspond to the scale on counting boards 8, 9 and 10, fixed or moving inside the box 7 parallel to the axis of rotation of prisms 2, the ends of axes 3 and 4 of which prisms 2 are under the action of springs in order to be present at the moment position of the scale on the lateral surface of each prism 2 lying in one and the -zhe plane with the surface on

running at the same time in the working position of the counting board. 2. In the case of the logarithmic calculator described in paragraph 1, use the slider 14 equipped with a longitudinal line (hair) (Fig. 2) protruding beyond the rotating prism 2 and the counting boards and moving parallel to the scales. / 3.Pri characterized in paragraphs. 1 and 2 log-counting counters use a box, characterized in that under the counting board P in working position it contains one or more cameras with guides serving to place counting boards 12, 13 ... in them (Fig 2). 4. The form of execution described in clauses. 1 to 3 logarithmic calculating device, characterized in that the rotating prism 2 is provided at one or both of its ends with counting wheels 6 with numbers printed on their side surfaces corresponding to numbers on the ends of partial scales of counting boards 8, 9, 10 and serving pointers to set the rotating prism 2 in determining the result of the counting (Fig. 1). 5. Variations of a logarithmic calculator described in Section 1, characterized by the use of a mechanical mounting and transmission device, in which two quadrangular axes 33 and 34 (FIG. 11) carrying conic serrations 41 and 42 at their ends, the scene: pl conical gears 22 and 23, which are located with conical teeth, which are located on the axis of the rotating prism, two adjustment wheels 35 and 36 are movably located: indexes that move over the terminal or introductory numbers of the intermediate bottom 28, against which adjustment wheels are located stepped rollers 29 and 30 that can be rotated with them, which can be brought into rotation by conical gears 37 and 32 located outside their surface and corresponding, coupled with these latter, conical gears Type-Pitograf1t Red Pechatnik, Leningrad, Mezhdunarodny, 75. - mi 55 and 56, using the axis 54 and the handle 52. 6. In the case of the logarithmic calculator described in Section 3, the use of a device that is permanently or permanently connected to the device is used to automatically determine the number of orders that distinguish due to the fact that it consists of a wheel 62 tightly mounted on an axis of a rotating prism (Fig. 11), with one or several teeth, interlocking with the pinion 63 held in its position, permanently connected to the counting wheel 64 on the same axis, serving to set the proper setting number to automatically show at the end of the calculation the correct number of result orders, which wheel 64, when installed, and together with it, the gear 63 can be withdrawn from the connection with the gear 62. 7. The change of the logarithmic calculator described in paragraph 1, characterized by the use of the device mechanical installation of a rotating prisly on the result of counting, by means of gears and toothed racks or by means of rotating prisms of axes 73 and 74 sitting on the axis of the rotating prism (Fig. 3), operated by means of endless belts 70 and 77 provided with apertures together with the corresponding wheel 68 or 69, which wheels are mounted on the front sides of the device; A pin inserted into the holes of the endless belts 70 and 77 is used to actuate the said device. 8. In the case of the logarithmic calculator described in paragraph 7, drawing on the ends of the intermediate board 28 (Fig. 3), on the right and left next to the drive devices, corresponding to the scales of the upper counting board of limiting or input numbers, which are covered with this board so that In the calculations, those input numbers and the corresponding drive device, which are not needed for this case, automatically remain closed.