SU1741626A1 - Method for preparation of badly eroded slopes for afforestation - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: agroforestry. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: On terrestrial slopes, stepped terraces are constructed by cutting them into the surface of the slope, side, and bed of erosional formations. The portions of the terraces erected in the erosion formation are arranged with a longitudinal slant of the web 4-6 ° to both sides of the central axis of the erosional bed. Cloth terraces give a reverse slope and culture of the system of rippers. 2 Il.

Description

The invention relates to rural and forestry, in particular to methods for preparing highly eroded slopes for afforestation, and can be used in agroforestry.

There is a known method of preparing sinus-eroded slopes for afforestation, which includes horizontally reinforcing frames in which long narrow bags filled with earth mixed with fertilizers and seeds are placed horizontally in one row. The bags are pressed against the surface of the eroded slope, which speeds up their experience after the appearance of plant sprouts. Strengthening horizontal frames and filling them with specially prepared bags improves the quality of the work.

However, making frames, bags and filling them with a specially prepared substrate, delivering all this to the site to be mastered and fixing the frames in marked places on an eroded slope is a laborious process.

There is also known a method of preparing highly eroded slopes for afforestation, including the arrangement of parallel rollers across the slope being mastered and covering them and troughs, mainly on the side of water flow with a layer of bitumen-polymer emulsion with a thickness of 2-10 mm. The coating of rollers and their hollows with a bitumen-polymer emulsion on the side of the water flow reduces erosion processes on the slopes and the loss of nutrients.

However, the effectiveness of such preparation decreases with an increase in the steepness of the area being mastered: When the atom is laid, hollows are rapidly silted up and filled with soil to be demolished from the slope.

The closest to the invention is a method of preparing highly eroded slopes for afforestation, including the construction of stepped terraces by

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penetration into the surface of the slope, side and bed of erosional formations. The horizontal arrangement of the excavation-fill terraces ensures the regulation of the precipitation run-off.

However, when cutting horizontal terraces on highly eroded slopes, the deposited sediments are concentrated at their intersections of erosional formations. Bulk soil here is saturated with moisture, which leads to frequent drawdown of the canvas, and sometimes to creep. At the same time, in areas of terraces adjacent to watersheds, the soil of the root zone, there is a constant deficit of soil moisture. All this adversely affects the state of the arranged terraces and cultures created on the canvas.

The aim of the invention is to improve the conditions for the growth of reclamation plantings on the Gerras valley due to the redistribution of surface runoff.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the portions of the terraces erected in erosion formation settle with a longitudinal inclination of the web 4-6 ° to both sides of the central axis of the erosion formation, while the terraces are given a reverse slope and cultivated by a system of rippers.

This embodiment of the method provides for the outflow of part of the concentrated effluent from the sloped portions of the terraces to the horizontal.

Figure 1 presents the processed slope after cutting terraces, front view; figure 2 is the same, top view.

In the drawings, the following designations are accepted: slope section 1 being mastered; canvas 2 cut terraces; erosional formations 3; bulk slope 4 terraces; inclined section 5 of the terrace; berm 6.

The method is carried out as follows.

On slope area 1 to be afforested, an eclimeter or level can be used to mark the upper terrace. At the same time, at each available watershed, at least three landmarks are installed on the marked route, limiting the length of the designed horizontal portions of the terraces with them. On the sides and the bed of the existing erosional formations, 3 landmarks are transferred upwards along the slope, giving the sloped portions of the terraces a longitudinal slope of 4-6 °.

After that, proceed directly to cutting terrace 2 on the marked road, using for this purpose the universal bulldozer D-492, D-493A, DZ-109B or terracer TK-4, T-4M, TS-2.5, etc. slope of 3-5 °, maintained on their horizontal and inclined sections 5;

Then, the next terrace, located below the arranged one, is laid out and cut, so that up to the bottom of the slope, the terrace is separated from the terrace by interrasonal space consisting of bulk slope 4 and berm 6.

The cut terraces canvases are cultivated with the R-80, PH-80B, RTN-2-25, ORN-2.5, D-162A, PH-40 rippers system

5 dr., Reggaemed with tractor T-130G.

The developed method was tested in the Priatensky forest area of the Sudak forest farm on a highly eroded slope area with a steepness of 24-31 °. The total area of the site is 3.4 ha. At 100 m of its transverse length, come from three erosion formations of a depth of 6.2 and a width of 19.0 m. The soil of the mountain-forest drill is washed away by a strong ridge. Capacity of soil cover 20-25

5 cm. The underlying rock is shale with sandstone intercalations.

On the site, isolated specimens of woody and shrub vegetation grew: fluffy oak, more species,

0 ipyiua lokholistne, hold-tree, rosehips.

In the spring of 1983, in the designated area, the marking of the tracks for the terraces was carried out using an eclimeter. The distance between the adjacent landmarks (wooden poles) was 20–30 m. In erosional formations, the place of installation of the landmarks was raised by 4–6 ° from the main route foundation. After marking the tracks, the section of the tack is excavated and filled with terracing. The terraces were arranged by the universal bulldozer D-493A, the width of the terrace curtain was 3.6-4.2 m. The terraces on inclined and horizontal sections were given an oblique transverse inclination of 3-4 °.

In the summer of the same year, the canvas of the terraces in the area being mastered was twice loosened to a depth of 70-80 cm with a PH-80B ripper hung on a T-130G tractor. Thereafter

0 continuous loosening of the terraces by 50-60 cm with the unit D-162A + T-130G. The uprooted large stones after the reclamation of the terraces were removed by the MP-2B collector-collector into inter-ethnic

5 spaces. Then, the te0ras web was profiled due to the soil being twice disked with a BNNT-2.2M harrow mounted on a DT-75M tractor.

In the spring of 1984 t., After renewal of the soil by the cultivator KRT-3, was carried out

the mechanized planting of two-year pine seedlings by the Crimean unit LMG-2 + DT-75M. The mandrel of the planted crops was performed manually. Agrotechnical care of the plantings consisted in the cultivation of the soil for four years with the unit КРТ-3 + DT-75М

Claims (1)

Six-year monitoring of the state of the cut terraces and the reclamation plantings created on them showed the high resistance of the bulk part of the terrace fabric to subsidence erosion and creep, an increase in the survival rate of plants by 7% and their safety. by 3% All this contributes to an increase in the annual growth in the sixth year of their growth by 3.8 cm. Formula of the invention. Method of preparing highly eroded slopes Eseniya comprising stepped terraces structure by cutting into the surface of the slope and the bead erosion channel formations, characterized in that in order to improve the conditions 0 growth of ameliorative plantings on the canvas of the terraces due to the redistribution of surface runoff, portions of the terraces built in the erosion formation are arranged with a longitudinal inclination of the web 5 4-6 ° in both directions from the central axis of the erosional bed, while the terraces are given a reverse slope and cultured by a system of rippers. Iv / 2 / I xf b  r --V ---- / - - ,. .. rapee- rc "-s- chgg --- - f-hh--  hay $ -HF UL Sg xfarTraT. & - Fsh J. / s 4bt. 2