SU1532347A1 - Two-channel automatic hydraulic device for controlling hydromechanical transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a transport engineering, in particular, to automatic control devices for mechanical and hydromechanical transmissions of vehicles, preferably of high power and carrying capacity. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of a hydraulic automat by reducing the number of automatic control valves while simultaneously increasing the possible number of automatically controlled gears. The two-channel hydraulic machine (HA) 11 contains two automatic control valves (P) 18 and 19 for shifting from lower gears to higher gears and vice versa. The GA power input 20 is connected to the command control device 12, and the outputs 21 and 22 through the valves OR 28 and 29 are connected to the hydraulic cylinders of the step mechanism 10 of the drive of the multi-position distributor 9. The outputs of the latter are connected to the hydraulic cylinders of the friction gears of the 2-speed gearbox. The end chambers P are connected to the outputs 26 and 27 of the sensor 6 of the speed of the input shaft of the gearbox 2 and the sensor 13 of the engine load. At the initial position P, the output 22 of the GA is supplied with pressure from the input 20, as a result of which a signal is given to switch from the highest gear to the lowest gear. As the speed increases, P 19 triggers and the signal disappears. With further acceleration, P 18 is triggered and supplies pressure to output 21, which corresponds to the signal for high gear engagement. When slowing down the switching occurs in the reverse order. A third P 36 can be installed in the GA to control the friction lock of the torque converter. Interlocking is possible only in the absence of signals at outputs 21 and 22. 1 hp f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

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nosti. LJ, e; ii. Image - simplification of the design of the hydraulic machine by reducing the number of valves of the automatic valve while simultaneously increasing the possible number of automatically controlled gears. The dual-channel hydraulic machine (G A) 11 contains two distributors (P) 18 and 19 of automatic control for switching from the lower | 1C () puddies on the highest and back. The input 20 of the power supply 1 A is connected to the command control device 12, and the outputs 21 and 22 in black; valves OR 28 and 29 - to hydro. strm. hm of the stepper mechanism 10 of the drive of the multi-position distributor. 9. The outputs of the latter are connected to the hydraulic power; 1 of the frames t) piiKHHOHOB 2 gear boxes. Face to, P podklk; cheny to exits 26 and

27 sensor 6 of the speed of the input shaft of the gearbox 2 and the sensor 13 engine load. At the initial position P, the output 22 of the GA is supplied with pressure from the input 20, as a result of which a signal is given to switch from the highest gear to the lowest gear. As the speed increases, P 19 triggers and the signal disappears. With further acceleration, P 18 is triggered and supplies pressure to output 21, which corresponds to the signal for high gear engagement. In the case of a slowdown switch, the order is reversed. A third P 36 can be installed in the GA to control the friction lock of the torque converter. Inclusion}; blocking is possible only in the absence of signals at outputs 21 and 22. I 3. Clause F-ly, 6 Il.

The invention relates to a transport engineering, in particular, to devices for the automatic control of mechanical and idrodiampic transmissions of vehicles, preferably of high power and carrying capacity.

Lle. ib of the invention simplifies the design by reducing the number of valves for automatic control at the same time, the possible number of automatic stops, 1 em of gears.

 ; 1l; |. 1 shows the hydraulic /- ,.- Ki): h) ISHI, n PI .-, hydraulic number XA of Tovuiia 1 p 1vl1 nor cn, 1e aniches) y tcei. missm i; j fm. 2 viipi. iiJt HHoe izobrs1zheppi riiiixiM; i ha on - - fi1. table of ciuha.iob combinations for you /. viax automaton n);) b. 1е1Ш) -1 1 и.1mechanical (} 1 тг) antisss and; PA fig 4 g 1drav, 1ichemts BTojioi o use cihiTOMiiTa; in fig. 5 Ta6, nnLj combinations of the signals at the outputs a1, tomato n (.i (. 4, pa of Fig. 6 - graphs of the machine operation).

Transmission 1 (Fig. 1) consists of a box of 2 | transmissions with 1 Idrocyliidra 3 freak-UiOHOH (not shown) and a torque converter 4 with I of the P-5 clutch friction block. . The input shaft of the gearbox 2 has an osgi hydraulic transducer connected to the transmission system (.ei11 contains a source of fluid pressure 7 (I station) with a main pressure regulator 8, a ratchet valve 9, an inuiunbiii drive mechanism 10 : 1 9. two-channel hydraulic auto- TOMdi 11 device 1 i (12-command control, engine load sensor 13 and 1-in. 1nite, 13 hydraulic lockout K.ianan 14) of the ormator. Distribution input, ITEL 9 St: .а1 | с hydroline | 1 o main pressure, which is also connected to devices y 12 1. 6, 13. Outputs 16 distribute5

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l 9 podku..chyucheny to i chdrotsilindrmm L, and Bt: move 17 of the klachana 11l idrotsp. 1in; | ru j

The number of hydraulic cylinders .L 3 depends on the kinematichesky scheme to (;; 2 shy

The automaton 11 contains two two-position semi-linear distributors 18, 19 for switching from gears to higher and higher to lower ones, power supply input 20 connected to ycrn-jTiCTBy 12, and two outputs 21, 22 for supplying C11-on, First "Up ;; and "Wii .., Each of the distributors 18, 19 has two drainage hydrolines, an input supply hydroline and one gyu two outlets — normally switched on and normally off. The normally disabled output 23 of the distributor 18 is connected to the output 21 of the automaton I l, and the normally switched on output 24 to the power input of the distributor 19. HopMa. ibH (j included vy.od 2G of the last subclause by exit 22 of the automaton I.

The end chambers of the distributors 18, 19 are connected to the outputs 26, 27 of the sensors 6, I о. The hysteresis of their characteristics is, for example, known devices containing a hydraulic cylinder for changing the tension of the tuning spring to be connected to a normally-activated output.

Outputs 21, 22 avtomata 11 connected to the right inputs of the valves OR 28, 29. The left inputs of the latter are communicated with the outputs 30, 31 of the device 12, and hydraulic lines Q 32, 33 are connected to the hydraulic cylinders 34, 35 of the stepping mechanism 10 of known construction, providing rotation the distributor 9 in the directions from the lowest to the highest and back.

The automaton 11 may also contain a third distributor 36, similar to the distributor 18, 19. The power input 37 of which is connected to the normally disengaged output 38 of the distributor 19, and the norm

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off the output 39 is the third output of the machine 11, which is connected to the actuator valve 14.

At outputs 16 of distributor 9, a soft start device 40 can be installed. Instead of the valves OR 28, 29, other constructions may be added in the form shown by the dotted line of the device 41 for coordinating the operation of the automaton 11 and the device 12, the outputs 30, 31 of which in this case are connected to the device 41. One OR 28 valve can also be used. In this case, the outputs 30 and 33 are connected directly to the device 41 and the hydraulic cylinder 35.

The automatic machine 1 1 can be made in the form of simpler trilinear distributors - it is 42, 43, having normally switched on outputs 4-G 45. connected to the outputs 21 of the automaton (Fig. 4).

VfTpoHCTBo works as follows.

Manual control, / 1. In manual mode. The driver makes all .1 (switch gears of the transmission 1 through-; gn (1M of the device 12, from the outputs 30, 31 through which through the valves OR 28, 29 through hydraulic lines 32, 33, pressurized hydraulic cylinders 34, 35 mechanization.u1a 10. For example, when U is pressurized, the hydraulic cylinder 34 rotates the rod of the latter ((. and turns the distributor 9 to one niai in the direction of the highest gears. ..: the ipn pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 35 turns to one lii.jr in the direction of lower gears. (lc, LiTv; pHH indicated operations, driver is sets valve 9 to positions that are (responding to the gear chosen by him. From these positions, pressure from; idr () H1 |; n1 and 5 main pressure is given. la If -G) and ..: l () DG) 16, which communicated with h, gi; rotsplpndrov 3, corresponding to 1 v) i ..- h iin, -; transmission. The remaining hydraulic cylinders in () in |) ohm are drained through the distribution.; 9, and the input 20 of the automaton It is drained through the device 12.

After each failure, the widget stops feeding coman.-: I –M AND – UM 1 hydraulic cylinder 34 or 35 drain, eiii piston is retracted to its original position and prepared for the next actuation.

Lithomatic management. For c-iiin) works on the auto.matic mode, we first consider the graph of FIG. 6 a, pos n) | 1: th setting of valves 18, 19.

l T. (); j in the hydraulic systems of the automatic .tushi pg-editing it is known that it is typical of such valves in 1)) of the speed sensors 6 and n.:, Uzm1 13 is depicted as a pair of direct,, T as. KSA and DISTANCE. Between which the valve biplane. Distributor 18

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for switching to higher non-losses, there are direct LINP 46, 47. and valve-distributor 19 for switching to - straight lines 48, 49. At the same time, the right ones (46, 47) correspond to the displacement of the valve from the left position to the right one signal, and left (48, 49) - from left to right (to the disappearance of the switching signal). At the bottom of the graph, a characteristic of the speed sensor (line 50) is plotted - the pressure at its output 26 depends on the speed of the input shaft of the gearbox 2 (i.e., the speed of the turbine of the torque converter 4). It is also known from georia that this is usually a - - quadatomatic dependence.

Consider the operation of the automaton at an arbitrary fixed value of the pressure sensor 13 of the load, corresponding to the horizontal line 51, and the pressure change of the sensor 6. At a pressure close to zero, both distributors 18, 19 are in the initial position in FIG. 1. In this case, the power input 20 is in communication with the output 24 of the distributor 18 and the output 25 of the distribution. Read 19, i.e. with the output 22 of the automaton 11. The output 21 at this time is drained through the distribution 18. 18. Thus, in this mode, corresponding to the area 52 of the graph of FIG. 6 a, the automaton 11 sends a signal “HV to turn on the lower 1 stereo”.

As the pressure of sensor 6 increases to a value corresponding to point B1, valve 19 moves to the left, its output 25 drains, and the signal at output 22 disappears. The distributor 19 remains in the initial position. There are no signals on both outputs 21, 22 of the automaton AND.

With a further increase in pressure of sensor 6 to point B 2, valve 18 also moves to the left position, its input 23 communicates with input port 20, and pressure 21 appears at output 21, which corresponds to the signal “BB for switching on transmission”. Thus, in the mode corresponding to the region of 53 gra () ik, the automaton 1 1 sends a signal “BB.

The process of reducing the pressure of sensor 6 proceeds in the reverse order. At ET (P1, due to hysteresis, the transition distributes, whose 18, 19 to its initial position, there are 1 three lower pressure values. Thus, the distributor 18 moves to the initial position in Fig. 1 at the P1 point, and the signal "BB disappears. At the point H2 returns to the outgoing position of the distributor 19 and gives the signal "HV. On the section B1 - B2 with increasing pressure and on the section HI -H2 as it decreases, both signals are absent.

At a different pressure from sensor 13, other than line 51, the device operates in a similar way, however points B1, B2, HI, H2 move along lines 46-49. Design

these points are on line 50 (characteristic of the speed sensor), and the resulting points of this characteristic are on the turbine speed axis, we get the maximum and minimum values of the speeds between which the machine 11, depending on the pressure of the sensor 13, sends a signal "BB," HV. This is illustrated by the graphs of FIG. 66, and for a fixed pressure of sensor 13, corresponding to line 5, the width of the loops of the excitation of signals "BB and HV" here corresponds to the values of the hysteresis G, G of the valves 18, 19. The graph of FIG. 6g will give an idea of the state of the automaton 11 in accordance with the described processes. It can be seen that, depending on the ratio of the pressures of the sensors 6, 13, it can be in one of three states: high, low gear and neutral.

Obviously, these conditions can occur on any of the transmissions of the transmission 1, because on each of them the speed of the input shaft of the gearbox (and the speed sensor 6) change in the same limits, depending on the characteristics of the drive engine and the torque converter 4. In this case, in the case of operation at the last high gear, the explosive command is not necessary in principle, however, it will not be evaporated, since the distributor 9 by this time reaches one of its extreme positions 11. The signal “HV on the last lower (1st) gear -, ni ck (1.k in the case of this test, Tp. Nic uic-syn will go to neutral. It’s unnecessary for Hye .i. So, G1) and ryho ;. - on this mode, the driver can take; cooTBei tightening measures; supply fuel, switch to manual AND press (with r) will become VC, 1pcp; 1 pers;, cha), etc. Also possible. Smart known constructive methods of blocking said automatic switching, which can, for example, be realized with the device 12 or 41, as well as described in the prototype, etc. They are not discussed in detail since they do not affect the essence of the invention. Later, in describing his work, the driver performs these tasks as described.

The automagic control is carried out in the following manner.

Moving off takes place on the 1st gear, which is manually activated by the driver from the neutral. After acceleration up to the speed at which transition to a second gear is allowed, the driver, through device 12, switches on an automatic mode at which pressure from hydraulic line 15 is supplied to the power input of the automatic machine 11. But, at will, this can be activated at speeds corresponding to the zone between .- (inception 48, 46, or in zone 53 (see Fig. 6a). In the first case

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tea, as shown above, avom. 11 after switching on, it will be in the neutral state (signals “BB” HV are absent) and the transmission will remain in first gear until the driving speed increases. In the second case, immediately after switching on, the automaton 11 will give a signal “BB. The pressure from its output 21 will go to the OR 28 valve, and further along the hydraulic line 32 to the hydraulic cylinder 34, which will turn the valve one step in the direction of the high gears, i.e. to second gear position.

Since the transmission ratio, H1H, of the second gear is smaller than the first one, and the speed of the magic changes little during the shift, the speed of the torque converter turbine after the shift decreases proportionally to the gear ratio G. The pressure of sensor 6 also changes. And .. The pressure is the ratio of the velocity ratios (1 is quadratic -; characteristic 50).

For example, if the ratio of translate-iy numbers and speeds is 1.5, then the pressure cancellation is equal, i.e. by the end of the shift to the second gear, the pressure of the ytchik 6 decreases 2.25 times. As a result, the automaton 11 from zone 53 will shift to the left, and it is obviously left of line 47. The signal “BB will disappear, and the car will move to second and second gear. In the future, the car can continue to razgon or slow down depending on the desire of the driver and driving conditions. In the nerve case, the pressure of the sensor 6 will again increase and if a value corresponding to the scientific research institute lf is reached, the machine will give a signal “BB, which will activate the third gear. In the second case, the pressure will drop, and when it drops to line 49, the machine will give a signal” VN, as a result of which n) 0- will shift from third to second gear.

By the end of the inclusion of the second gear sk -; - the growth rate of the turbine of the torque converter 4 in.;. increases in proportion to the ratios of the gear ratios, and the pressure of the sensor 6 will accordingly increase in the same proportions

5 in which it decreased when switching from second to third gear. As a result, the machine will go to the mode of operation zone, which lies obviously to the right of line 48, and the “HV” signal will disappear. The car is moving in second gear.

0 From the above it is obvious that similar switchings will occur when working on any other gear, i.e. the automaton can switch out any number of gears without introducing any

5 additional elements, in contrast to the known systems, in which the number of valves depends on the number of automated transmissions.

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It is also obvious that it can be used in both Idromechanical and purely mechanical transmissions. Hydromechanical is chosen as the main one for describing the operation of the device for the reason that it is the machine that is used on machines of high unit power, and the purely mechanical in this class of scars can be used for vehicles, for example, on tanks.

The torque converter 4 in the hydromechanical transmissions of these machines has a freak; , -.), blocking, which should be enabled automatically. For this purpose, the automaton li can additionally have a distributor. Cht-36 automatic locking, hydraulic, ...): ... Marofia, identical in design to the distributors 18, 19.

As is well known, it is advisable to block the torque converter at any transmission in the zone of speeds of movement, at which switching to c (lower or higher) is not yet required; the zone in Fig. 6a lies between lines 46, 49. Corresponding In zone 3, lines 54, 55 are located: (.- figigik 1 of valve 3b.) In addition, for L1) - Lp; The transmissions of the hydro traigformer 11.1 / flax must be forcedly unblocked / aan. This is achieved by the fact that the inlet .i7 of the hypany valve 36 is connected to the normal; .-. Chh inG) you. A: .. At 38 races, the federal. / and; I.-I

In re: .g, l1 raie g .i.pieces of food to distribute ix-iK) 46 io.j. yHaeT only when pi.iciif, 11 I S enie; i. is in the left polo / kenin, and the distributor 19 is already in the right, t s. when there are no signals “BB,” VNU OU (; dah 21, 22. Simultaneously, ciii iui. iq “The explosives (transition is distributed in –1 gs. 1 18 H leun) drain through it (D .47 and the signal blocking at output 39 .... The same happens when signaling; .al "B11 ;. (return of distributor 9input1 1:.;.; ioAeiuit software fi1. input 37 drainage (. through distribution and those. 1 19.

The 4P / IO.MLI control of the friction clutch of the blok blok is performed by the following SWR.

Psi work on the automatic mode and once it is at any stage of the hydrotransfer р1; the regulator 4 is unlocked until i.KopocTb cl (, turbines measured by sensor 6, ii- increases to (b. C — iia pressure) of line 54. V.TOi-mom. | —rachpred.ch.-36 switch (chgn ,,.; -similar 1: and ..1. of FIG. 1 Lead-II Daglenie from the inlet 37 is fed to the output of one of the 39 to further to the actuating valve 14 (Zlokpr (; tongki, which applies pressure to the hydra (and cylinder)). If, after this rate, P and 1: vMeHbiifii. i. n, then the distributor 36 I-jiipamaerch in:; mobile position, and pressure: 1 zil about ia) etc.- Ji i;., if the acceleration will extend from Block torque converter, then when the mode corresponding to the line 46, the machine delivers the signal "BB and the pressure at the outlet 39 is then removed as described.

If the valve 36 fails and is stuck in the locked position, then at the time of the switch: The switch will be turned off by the dispenser 1, 19 (as

op; 1sano) and turn it on again.: ;;, after the end of the shift, which corresponds to the usual mehanichicheskoy transmission and is not dangerous.

In addition, other variants of the automaton II are possible. To explain them, consider its simplified image.

Fig 2). The outputs of the valves 18, 19 are denoted here by the symbols X ,, X, Xj, X ,, which, depending on the presence or absence of pressures, can be 1 or 0. Then the number of possible combinations for all four outputs shown in the table in FIG. 3 will be equal to 16. When connecting the valves 18, 19 and the outputs 21, 22 according to the scheme of FIG. 1 of 16 combinations are realizable 1-, 2-, 7- and 11-. Of these, only two correspond to the working signals “BB,” HV and one (7-) correspond to the neutral state of the automaton (to the absence of signals “BB,“ YO). The remaining combinations are physically unrealizable (denoted by the letter H).

From the table of FIG. 3 that the diagram of FIG. 1 provides BB, HV commands in the form of binary single-bit signals, taking values of I or 0. This requires five-way distributors 18, 19 with two outputs each. but

they give 16 combinations, whereas only 3 is required. The latter can be patched using simpler trilinear distributions of readers 42, 43 (Fig. 4).

Distributors 42, 43 are almost the same in design and principle of operation for distributors 18, 19, but they have fewer switching lines and, in particular, only one output (normally switched on). Only 4 combinations of signals on these outputs are possible (Fig. 5)

One of them is unrealizable, and the other three are workers. At the same time, according to the physical meaning, the first corresponds to the signal “BB, and the fourth to the signal“ HV. Thus, these signals can be considered presented in a two-bit binary code:

, When using them

accordingly, the connection scheme of the automaton 11 to the mechanism 10 will change, for which the device 41 can be used.

When using device 41 instead of valves OR 28, 29, other system variants are possible. Thus, the output 22 of the automaton. Can be connected to the device 12 (as shown by the dotted line on

FIG. 1) to use the machine 11 and the protection mode, etc.

Obviously, the machine can also be used with a single input shaft speed sensor (without load signal correction), as in some cases is done in hydromechanical transmissions of dump trucks of particularly high power and capacity.

Claims (2)

Invention Formula . Two-way hydraulic automatic control of hydromechanical transmission, containing automatic control valves, made in Vidte two-position five-line distributors with an input, two harness, as well as normally switched on and normally off output hydraulic lines, having an input for supplying pressure, first and second outputs for signaling to switch from lower gears to higher gears and higher gears to lower gears, and at least one sensor, made in the form of a hydraulic speed sensor e transmission elements, with the input of the first valve J communicated with the inlet of the automaton, and the following valves - with the normally energized output hydraulic lines of the previous ones, due to the fact that, in order to simplify the design by reducing the number of automatic control valves, while simultaneously increasing the possible number of automatically controlled gears, it is rolled out with two valves of the automatic control; in this case, the normally deactivated output hydroline of the first valve and the normally activated output hydroline of the second valve are connected respectively to the first m and the second outputs of the machine, and the speed sensor is associated with the input shaft 5 transmissions hydromechanical transmission. 2. An automaton according to claim 1, distinguishing those that it is additionally equipped with a third valve for automatic control of the block; 1; and By means of a torque converter having an actuating valve, the inlet of the third valve is connected to the normally disconnected output valve BTopoi n of the valve, and the normally connected you .-. O. Anan of the hydraulic valve of the third valve is connected to the complementary valve. day HP - non-working H - Hepea / iuiLjeMoe CPU d. 6