SU13005A1 - Acetone Production Method - Google Patents

Description

Acetic aldehyde is obtained by permeation of ethyl alcohol vapor over the catalysts by metals and nx oxides; Acetic ethanol-ethyl ester is the result of the interaction of acetaldehyde vapors and water by passing them at a temperature of 300 ° C over copper, which serves as a catalyst. Ethones and, in particular, acetone are obtained from secondary Syirths by the action of water on them in the presence of catalysts.

The proposed method for producing acetone is treating ethyl alcohol or acetaldehyde, or ethyl esters, and methyl alcohol with steam at high temperatures between 250-650 ° in the presence of catalysts such as oxygen compounds. metals, such as iron oxides, manganese, copper, copper carbon dioxide, or the same metalgly, for example, iron, as well as iron-containing minerals. The action of catalysts can be activated by the presence of auxiliary substances, such as calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc., and the reaction process can also have a favorable effect on the course of the reaction.

vessels made of catalytic material. The process is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Rusty iron filings were introduced into the acetic acid calcium solution, the solution was subjected to evaporation, and the resulting product calcined. Acetaldehyde vapor and water vapor are passed through a quartz tube containing this catalyst and heated to 490 ° in a proportion corresponding to a 10/30 solution (by weight) of acetic acid a.1 ml: eguid, and then the reaction product is subjected to condensation. The yield of acetone is 91 ° j theoretical (based on the applied acetaldehyde).

Example 2. The catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in example 1. Through an iron pipe containing this catalyst and heated to 500 °, vapors of ethyl alcohol and water are passed in a proportion corresponding to the 10/0 solution (by weight) ethyl alcohol, after which these vapors are subjected to condensation. The yield of acetone is 80.57 ° theoretical (based on the ethyl alcohol used).

When acetone is produced from ethyl acetate or acetic methyl esters, these ethers in the presence of the above catalysts are brought into contact with water vapor at a temperature of 510 °. In this case, mixed catalysts are particularly suitable: on the one hand, oxygen compounds of heavy metals, and on the other, alkaline earth metals; in this case, the distribution of such catalysts on supports, for example, on pumice, has a favorable effect.

Example 3. A catalyst was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1. A pair of equal parts by weight of ethyl acetate and water was passed through an iron pipe containing this catalyst and heated to 510 °, and then subjected to condensation. The output of acetone will be bb / o theoretical (in the calculation of the applied ethyl acetate, according to the reaction scheme:

CH3 + HjO - CH, COCH3 + CO, + + 2H,).

Example 4. Nemza pieces are introduced into the calcium acetate solution, the solution is evaporated with stirring, and the product is heated to 500 °. Through a quartz tube containing this catalyst and heated to 540 °, vapors of uksuspomethyl ether and water are passed in a proportion corresponding to the p ° th (by weight) solution of acetic methyl ether, and then subjected to condensation; The yield of acetone will be 9 / o theoretical per used acetic methyl ether. At the same time, condensate contains methyl alcohol in almost quantitative yield.

Experiments carried out with this method showed that not only the above substances can be processed into acetone separately, but also mixtures of these substances, for example, ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid.

acid and ethyl acetate, which is a known value for a technique that has, in most cases, deal with mixtures of the above compounds. The effect of a depleted or weakened catalyst can be activated by treating them with oxygen, or oxygen containing gas mixtures at high temperatures up to 500 ° C; if acetaldehyde serves as the starting material, then the catalyst is regenerated under the action of a single water vapor, and finally, the same catalyst regeneration can be carried out without interrupting the process by introducing small amounts of oxygen, or oxygen containing a gas mixture.

The subject of the patent.

L A method of producing acetone from ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde or ethyl acetate, characterized in that the substances or mixtures they result in react with an excess of water vapor at a temperature of 250 ° -650 ° in the presence of the following catalysts: oxide compounds of iron or oxidized with iron surfaces, or a mixture of them with oxides, carbonates or salts of optic acids of calcium or magnesium.

2. Acceptance of the process according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting materials are used in a mixture with acetic acid or methyl alcohol of sludge acetic methyl ether.

3. Acceptance of the method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that, in order to regenerate the catalyst, oxygen or oxygen-containing gases are introduced into the reaction space at short intervals, or, if the starting material is acetaldehyde, one steam, either oxygen or oxygen containing gases are introduced continuously in small quantities during the process.