SU1218933A3 - Water reservoir accumulating solar energy,power plant and method of preserving halocline - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A reservoir that accumulates solar energy, contains a superficial wind-mixed layer, halocline located beneath it, the salinity of which has a given functional dependence on the gpubina, a heat accumulating layer located under the halocline, a means for removing heat in thermal contact, and an evaporating section with inlet and exhaust means located respectively above and below the halocline, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design, the section is open to the atmosphere. ., v - “- c ,,: ..-. .-. . .. y- - ..;.: K-rk - ... - Mfy (O N 00 with so with

Description

2. The water according to claim 1, of which is an evaporative section, is made in the form of a separate, smaller reservoir.

3.Water under item 1, characterized in that the section is enclosed by a vertical pipe segment, with the outlet means being made in the form of its lower end, the inlet in the form of holes in the pipe, and the upper end of the pipe is closed and provided with a vent.

4.Watering according to claim 3, characterized in that the holes are selectively adjustable.

5. Energy installation containing a heat source in the form of a heat accumulating layer of a reservoir that accumulates solar energy, contains hyperlimnion placed under the heat accumulating layer, means for extracting heat from the heat accumulating layer, heat engine, means for transmitting

the extracted heat and the condenser connected to the thermal engine heat pipe, the system of its invention relates to solar technology, specifically to the accumulation and preservation of solar radiation energy in a solar reservoir.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the construction of a reservoir that accumulates solar energy, stabilize the operation of a power plant by using a lower temperature of the hyperlimnion (lower layer) and increase the reliability of the method of preserving halocline by preventing fluctuations in the level of the reservoir.

FIG. 1 shows a reservoir accumulating solar energy, a C - - upstream and a heat utilizing device connected to the reservoir, the vertical section in FIG. 2 is a graph showing salinity and temperature profiles over the vertical section of the reservoir of FIG. 1J in FIG. 3 - vertical section

Water and return means for returning chilled water to the reservoir, characterized in that, in order to stabilize the operation, the means for returning is communicated with the hyperlimnion.

6. A method of preserving halocline covered with a layer of wind moved open for atmospheric influences

on the surface of the reservoir, which consists in concentrating the saline solution in the evaporation section by evaporation and feeding the concentrate from the section into the reservoir under chlorine, characterized in that replenishing liquid is added to the reservoir in order to increase reliability.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the liquid is brackish water.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of the brine is carried out before the salt is precipitated, is collected and removed.

a reservoir that accumulates solar energy with upward and downward flows; in fig. 4 is a graph showing the change in salinity in the halocline and reservoirs with ascending, descending fluxes and with both streams; in fig. 5 is a fence for wind protection, used on the surface of a reservoir that accumulates solar energy, a perspective view; in fig. 6 is a vertical section of a reservoir that accumulates solar energy, and the evaporator section,

fenced vertical pipe section; in fig. 7 is the salinity profile of the reservoir of FIG. 6; in fig. 8 is a vertical section of a reservoir accumulating solar

energy, and an evaporating section, which eliminates the need for pumps to pump the brine concentrate

The reservoir that accumulates solar energy contains a surface layer 1 about 30 cm deep mixed with wind, chalocline 2 located under it, 1-3 m deep, the salinity of which has a given functional dependence on depth, heat accumulating layer 3 located under Hadklin 2 in heat contact, a means 4 for extracting heat and made in the form of a separate, smaller reservoir 5 of the site section enclosed by a vertical pipe segment 6, an evaporation section with inlet and outlet means 7 and 8, is placed GOVERNMENTAL respectively above and below halocline 2 and open into the atmosphere. Pipe section 6 has openings functioning as inlet means 7, and the lower end of pipe section 6 is outlet means 8. The upper end of pipe section 6 is closed by a cover 9 and provided with ventilation openings 10, the latter being selectively adjustable. The reservoir also contains hyperlimnion 11. Means 4 for extracting heat may be effected as part of a power plant comprising a heat; a motor (not shown), a means 12 for transferring the extracted heat to it, and a condenser (not shown) communicating with an exhaust pipe (not shown), a system for cooling it with water, and a means 13 for returning cooled water to the reservoir,. communicated with hyperlimnion 11. Water from layer 3, as shown in Fig. 1, is supplied via conduit 14.

Salinity in a reservoir (Fig. 1) is distributed according to curve 15 (Fig. 2, where the depth of the reservoir is plotted along the abscissa axis, and salinity and temperature are plotted along the ordinate axis. Temperature distribution over depth characterizes curve 16.

Pond (Fig. H). in addition to the evaporating section in the form of a shallow reservoir 5, the evaporator 17 is connected to layer 3 by pipeline 18. The salinity in such a reservoir is distributed in accordance with curve 19. In the halocline 2 of the reservoir (fig. salinity is distributed in accordance with curve 20 (Fig. 4) where for

comparisons are shown curves 21,

ten

f5

20

25

55

189334

salinizing salinity in Haloklyn 2 is a reservoir with a downward flow, and curves 22 for a reservoir with an upward flow. FIG. 4, the abscissa axis 5 shows the ratio of the depth from the halokly surface to 2 to the depth of the entire halocline 2, and the ordinate shows the salinity.

The stability of the reservoir (Figs. 1 and 3) to external influences increases if a wind barrier 23 is used that floats on its surface and consists of longitudinal and transverse elements 24, which form when connecting cell 25 with the ratio of the length of the side of the cell to its height of 15: 1 . Barrier 23 is used in reservoirs with an ascending ttofoc, especially in cases where a layer of material that reduces evaporation is present on the surface of pond layer 1. In this case, the barrier 23 prevents this material from blowing out from the surface of SLO 1.

Water loss during evaporation from a TiOB surface in odoma can also be reduced by using (Fig. 6) the design of the evaporator section in the form of Pipe sections, which are installed in water on an annular float 26, insulating the lower part of section 6, using cables 27 The cracks 9 and the holes 10 are located above the surface of the water in the pond, the sump 7 is at the level of the layer I mixed by the wind, and the inlet 8 is below the level of the halocline 2. The salinity profile in the pond (Fig. B) outside the evaporator section is shown in FIG. . 7

You can also save a layer of halocline 2 with the help of (Fig. 8} closed evaporative trap: a stack bounded by a tube 28 in which a hole 29 is made below the level of halocline 2). The upper end of the tube 28 is closed with an opening 30 with a hole 31. Vertical partition 32, on one side of which there is an opening 29, and on the other, below its level, an opening 33. In such a reservoir water enters through the opening 31 into the heat exchanger 34. The reservoir is also replenished through the pipeline 35 with water in an amount equal to the amount evaporated take away nna through valve 36 and added on - the pipeline

thirty

35

40

45

50

37 into the heat storage layer 3 of water. A vacuum is maintained in the cavity of the tube 28-which intensifies evaporation.

Pond, accumulating solar energy, works as follows.

Solar radiation incident on the surface of the reservoir penetrates and is absorbed by the wind-mixed layer and halocline 2. Under the action of wind in layer 1, the heat absorbed by this layer quickly dissipates on the surface, thus maintaining the relatively low temperature of layer 1 compared to the temperature in halocline 2 where convective currents are suppressed. As a consequence, halocline 2 is heated to a higher temperature than the temperature of layer 1 according to curve 16 in FIG. 2,. If halocline 2 is retained for some time, the liquid under halocline 2 heats up due to thermal conductivity and convective currents with the formation of heat storage layer 3. Under layer 3, the temperature is much lower (Fig. 2). This part of the reservoir constitutes a tiplimnion 11.

Fluid from the upper portion of layer 3 is fed through conduit 14 to heat recovery means A (e.g., a heat exchanger) that extracts heat (e.g., for the nature of a turbine driving an electric generator). After heat extraction, the cooled liquid is directed to the lower portion of layer 3.

The solar energy storage reservoir contains a relatively shallow reservoir 5, into which the surface fluid from layer 1 is drained. Evaporation from reservoir 5 occurs in accordance with climatic conditions of humidity and solar radiation, ensure formation of 5 concentrates in the reservoir, the density of which will be higher than fluids in the mass under halocline 2. The concentrate flows through the outlet 8 in m and dd by haLoklin, creating an upward flow of fluid through chalocline. Created by this way, the circulation the lifting of water in the reservoir, which ensures the resistance of the halocline to the effects

0

five

0

five

0

five

0

five

wind and molecular diffusion of salt through chalocline 2 ..

In order to maintain a substantially constant level of the surface of layer 1, despite the evaporation both from this surface and from the reservoir 5, a replenishing fluid is added. In arid climates, light rain can be replenishing water; . with the addition of fresh water.

The liquid from the heat storage layer 3 is supplied to the evaporator 17, in which salts are precipitated and fresh water is obtained. Evaporator 17 function — create a descending flow in a reservoir that accumulates solar energy by evaporating water from layer 3 in the evaporator 17, precipitating salt and producing fresh water, which compensates for the upward flow caused by the supply of concentrate from the reservoir 5. As a result, the salinity profile The hrshocline approaches linear, as shown in FIG. 4, curve 20.

If the evaporating section is limited to the pipe segment 6, the water in its cavity has a higher concentration of salts.

Relatively lighter water from the heat accumulating layer 3 flows upward into the annular section of the means 8, and a relatively more dense concentrate flows down through the central section of the means 8. Surface WATER from layer 1 enters the length of the pipe section 6 through the inlet means 7 in the form of controlled holes element (not shown).

Under operating conditions, this water generally has a temperature of heat storage layer 3 higher than the temperature of layer I of the reservoir. The water inside segment 6 is denser than the water of halocline 2, with the result that the surface of this part of the water is slightly lower than the surface of the water in the reservoir. Due to the elevated temperature, the surface water in the segment 6 is evaporated and the condensation is; Yuts inside cover 9, from where it slides along sloping walls and through holes 10, of the stack into the pond. The evaporation of water in section 6 of the pipe is accompanied by an increase in its salinity and, consequently, the density of the remaining water is higher than the density of water in the heat storage layer 3. In this connection, the concentrate is lowered into the reservoir through the outlet means 8.

If (Fig. 8) the evaporation section is closed, the water inside the pipe 28 has a higher density than the water in the heat storage layer 3. This situation occurs because water from the heat storage layer 3 enters the hole 29 on one side of the partition 32, flows upward towards the interface of steam and water in pipe 28, and then flows downward along the other side of partition 3, exits through opening 33. The pressure inside pipe 28 is below atmospheric pressure, and as a result, water on the evaporator surface evaporates intensively and steam comes out through the opening 31 The density of the concentrate obtained, passing through the opening 33, is higher than the density of water entering the opening 29.

A heat exchanger 3-4 is connected to the opening 33, which extracts the latent heat from the steam from the pipe 28, producing slightly cooled fresh water. In the heat exchanger 34, the condensation of that vapor and the production of fresh water take place. This water can be used for household needs. Preserving the vacuum inside the pipe 28 does not require a lot of energy, because hot salt solutions that contain only a small amount of dissolved gases pass through the pipe 28.

The configuration of the pipe 28 eliminates the need to transfer hot water between the reservoir and the pipe 28 and thereby reduces the need for energy. In addition, the introduction of the volume of water into the heat storage layer 3 through the pipeline 35 yields significant results regardless of economy

ten

15

20

five

0

five

0

five

energy due to the upward and downward flows.

The power plant works as follows.

The solar energy storage water has a depth of more than 10 m, since hyperlimnion 11 can be used as a heat absorber to which power station heat can be supplied / not shown, Hyperlimnion 11 can act as an exhaust gas condenser of a heat engine (not shown) using heat recovered from heat storage layer 3. When this occurs, it becomes necessary to remove some heat from hyperlimnion 1I. This process is carried out by pumping water from hyperlimnion 11 to a shallower body of water 5. Because body of water 5 has a shallow depth, its surface temperature is in thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere. Consequently, the heated, but relatively dense, water from hyperlimnion 11 is cooled in the reservoir 5 and suitable for return to the reservoir, which accumulates solar energy to create an upward flow. Thus, in addition to the main function, the evaporating shallow reservoir 5 serves as a means of removing waste heat.

The method of preserving halocline with the addition of replenishing water is realized in the reservoir depicted in FIG. 8, where the replenishing water is supplied through conduit 35. This water may be brackish, in which case salts are precipitated and removed to prevent the concentration of salts in the reservoir that accumulates solar energy.

The proposed reservoir that accumulates solar energy, the evaporative section in the form of a smaller reservoir 5, can also be constructed on the basis of a natural reservoir having a smaller section.

Q SO t 200 250 300 (

About 20 40 BO SO 100

../

17

18

 /four////////////////,

I

fie.Z

eight

9Yas / g, 4

33

VNIIPI

Order 1141/63

Filial PS Patent, g, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Circulation 650 Subscription

Claims (8)

1. A pond that accumulates solar energy, contains a surface layer mixed with wind, a chalocline located below it, the salinity of which has a predetermined functional dependence on depth, a heat storage layer located under the chalocline, a means for extracting heat that is in thermal contact with it, and an evaporative a section with inlet and outlet means located respectively above and below the chalocline, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design, the section is made open in the atmosphere of Feru. »· G 2. Pond by π. 1, about l and h a-. This is due to the fact that the evaporation section is made in the form of a separate, smaller reservoir. 3. Pond pop. 1, characterized in that the section is fenced by a vertical pipe segment, and the exhaust means is made in the form of its lower end, the inlet - in the form of holes in the pipe, and the upper end of the pipe is closed and provided with a ventilation hole. 4. The reservoir according to claim 3, with the fact that the holes are made selectively adjustable. 5. A power plant containing a heat source in the form of a heat storage layer of a reservoir, accumulating solar energy, containing a hyperlimion placed under a heat storage layer, means for extracting heat from a heat storage layer, a heat engine, a means for transmitting extracted heat thereto and communicated with an exhaust pipe heat engine condenser, its cooling system using water and a return means for returning chilled water to a reservoir, characterized in that, in order to stabilize and work means to return to giperlimnionom reported. 6. The method of preserving chalocline covered with a mixed wind layer, open to atmospheric influences, on the surface of the reservoir, which consists in the fact that the brine is concentrated in the evaporation section by evaporation and the concentrate is fed from the section into the reservoir under chalocline, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability, replenishing liquid is added to the reservoir. 7. The method according to claim 6, with the fact that the liquid is brackish water. 8. The method according to p. 6, with the fact that the concentration of the saline solution is carried out before the precipitation of the salt, the latter is collected and removed.