SU117330A1 - The method of separation of mixtures of synthetic fatty acids from paraffin and the like - Google Patents

Description

It has been established that in aqueous solutions at temperatures no higher than b and pressure up to 50 atm: a) salts of fatty acids containing 1-4 carbon atoms in the carbon dioxide do not decompose with fatty acids containing more than 10 carbon atoms in acid salt salts. do not form; b) salts of fatty acids containing 5–9 carbon atoms in a molecule do not decompose with carbon dioxide but form acidic salts with higher molecular weight fatty acids; c) when carbon dioxide decomposes a solution of soaps obtained from a mixture of fatty acids of different molecular weights, an equilibrium can be established at which, in these acid soaps, as a component of RCOOH, there are mainly higher molecular weight acids and d) when processing an acid solution Soaps in a hydrophobic solvent of fats with aqueous alcohol (ethyl, methyl) of a suitable concentration, they decompose into components, from which free fatty acids are transferred into a solvent of fats, and neutral soaps into an aqueous solution.

On the basis of these laws, a development has been made; and proposes the following method for separating mixtures of synthetic fatty acids from paraffin and the like, resulting in more than two fatty acid fractions. The initial mixture of fatty acids is neutralized with alkali and the resulting aqueous solution of the corresponding salts is treated with carbon dioxide at a temperature not exceeding 65 ° and pressure up to 50 art. This results in a suspension of acid soaps in an aqueous solution of bicarbonate and salts of low-molecular fatty acids.

This suspension is filtered, fughed or settled, and the separated precipitate of acid soaps is treated successively simultaneously with an aqueous alcohol. And a hydrophobic solvent in order to be the first to decompose them into acid soaps into high molecular weight grease # 117330.

NICES.1OTAs, which dissolve in a hydrophobic solvent, and neutral salts (soaps) of medium weight fatty acids, passing into a single alcohol mixture. The latter is separated from the solution of high molecular weight fatty acids, mixed with a new portion of the hydrophobic solvent of fats, and the resulting mixture is again treated with carbon dioxide and divided into fractions, as described above for the salts (soaps) of the initial mixture of synthetic fatty acids.

Alternatively, before the first carbonation treatment of an aqueous solution of salts of the initial mixture of synthetic fatty acids, a hydrophobic fat solvent is added to it.

The proposed method can be carried out in a periodic or continuous pattern.

Example. About 20 / o-th aqueous solution of salts of fractionated acids is fed to the saturator / (see scheme). Here, it is treated under the specified conditions with carbon dioxide, which is supplied by compressor 2. Gas circulates, a passage through the droplet separator 3, in front of which is a check valve 4. At the end of saturation, the filled suspension is transferred to separator 5, from which an aqueous solution of bicarbonate and fatty acid salts Ci-C is drained into the receiver-cooler 6 equipped with a reflux condenser 7. Here the solution is boiled, as a result of which carbon dioxide is released from it dissolved and formed when the bicarbonate is heated. The second is the return to a process.

The separated acid soaps are sent to a mixer 5, where they are treated with a hydrophobic solvent of fats supplied from collector 9 and aqueous (bo / o) alcohol from collection 10. The resulting suspension is sent to separate

11, from which a solution of higher molecular weight fatty acids (for ordinary synthetic acids of the order of Ci and above) is sent to distill the hydrophobic solvent into a special cube, and a hydroalcoholic solution of Cs-Cie fatty acids is collected in the receiver

12. From the latter, this solution is pumped by pump 13 to the satsfator 14.

In this saturator, in which, if necessary, the required amount of hydrophobic solvent and aqueous alcohol is supplied from collections 9 and 10, the whole mass is treated with carbon dioxide supplied by the compressor 15 through a droplet separator 16 equipped with a check valve 17, while being stirred. 18 through pressure reducer 19, in which carbon dioxide dissolved in it is released.

From separator J8, the solution of fatty acids Ci2 - Cn is sent to distill off the solvent in a special cube, and the aqueous-alcoholic solution of salts of fatty acids GS - Cia is collected in the receiver 20. From the latter, the solution can be sent for further processing, in order to obtain free fatty acids and for fractionation by distillation, as well as for alcohol recovery.

Present Invention

1. A method for separating mixtures of synthetic fatty acids from paraffin and the like by neutralizing them with alkali and treating them with utan gas, characterized in that in order to obtain more than two fatty acid fractions, an aqueous solution of the neutralized mixture is treated with carbon dioxide at a temperature not higher than 65 ° and pressure up to 50 ati; the resulting suspension of acid soaps in an aqueous solution of bicarbonate and salts of low molecular weight fatty acids