SK287983B6 - Method of elimination condensation of water vapour on the windows and device for its providing - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of elimination condensation of water vapor on interior surfaces of windows (1) in heated rooms especially buildings for permanent residence of people is based on separation of the internal surface of the window (1) from the internal environment (i) with a screen of a layer of modified external air (7), flowing at inner surface of the window (1) created so that from external environment (e) the cold outside air (6) is sucked in , through the heat exchanger (10) is transported to the upper edge of the inner surface of the window (1) and drives so that it flow down on inner surface of the window (1) to its bottom edge. At the same time is sucked from the room warm inside air (4), through the heat exchanger (10) drives to the external environment (e). Modification of inlet cooler outside air (6) lies in the fact that when passing through the heat exchanger (10) increases the temperature at unchanged absolute moisture and thereby reduces its relative humidity.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for eliminating undesirable water vapor condensation on the interior surfaces of windows in heated rooms, in particular buildings intended for human habitation, which may occur even when the interior space is used and the windows have been manufactured and installed correctly. . j. in accordance with the relevant technical standards.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hygiene and health protection are the basic requirements that buildings intended for permanent residence of people and all their structures must meet throughout their economically justified lifetime. The building envelope shall be designed so that the temperature on its inner surface is always higher than the dew point of the indoor air. The intensity of air exchange in the room should be higher than the hygienic minimum. If these requirements are met, the internal surfaces of building envelope structures should not condense with the water vapor present in the indoor air. Under certain temperature and humidity conditions of the indoor and outdoor environments, condensation of water vapor on the interior surfaces of the windows may occur even though the windows have been manufactured and installed correctly, i. j. in accordance with the relevant technical standards and the interior is used correctly, so the intensity of air exchange in the room is greater than the hygienic minimum.

In comparison with known methods of eliminating this undesirable phenomenon, it is necessary to describe in more detail how it occurs. The subject matter of the description is a window separating the indoor environment in which heat and humidity is produced and the outdoor environment with an air temperature lower than the indoor air temperature. Normal boundary conditions of the outdoor environment in winter, indoor environment with permanent residency of people, steady temperature and humidity conditions and a window whose construction and method of installation are correct with regard to external and internal conditions and use of the building are assumed.

Since the window separates the temperature-varying environment, the interior surface temperature is lower than the indoor air temperature, but at the same time, since it is made in accordance with the requirements of technical standards, this temperature is higher than the indoor air dew point temperature. The inner air layer, which is in contact with the inner surface of the window, cools away from the surface, increasing its bulk density and decreasing downwards.

Thus, there is a layer of decreasing internal air at the inner surface of the window. This layer further cools down from the inner surface of the window as it moves downwards, so it reaches its lowest temperature at its lower edge. However, as the temperature of this layer decreases, its relative humidity increases and the dew-point value decreases at the same moisture content. If this value reaches the temperature of the inner surface of the window, condensation occurs from the point where it has reached this temperature to the lower edge of the window. Technical standards allow such a phenomenon, but require to ensure faultless function of building structures in surface condensation.

Several ways are known to prevent such a phenomenon and to prevent undesirable consequences of condensation.

A common way is to use windows that have so-called windows. microventilation position of the opening wings, which ensures the exchange of air through the window sills in the microventilation position. The efficiency of the method is that cooler outside air flows through the window gaps into the room, the relative humidity of which decreases by heating to the internal temperature, thereby reducing the dew point of the indoor air and at the same time the risk of condensation. The disadvantage is high heat loss.

Another way is to use windows with ventilation slots in window frames whose size can be controlled. The principle of effectiveness and disadvantages are the same as in the previous method.

It is also used short-term intensive ventilation of the room through open windows. The disadvantage is low comfort of the solution.

Another way is to use air conditioning, which can adjust the parameters of indoor air to the desired values. The disadvantage is the high acquisition and operating costs.

A solution according to DE8019601 is known which is intended for the ventilation of a room with heat recovery from the exhaust air. Its use also has the effect of eliminating the condensation of water vapor on the windows, but the disadvantage is that this only becomes apparent after the entire volume of indoor air in the room has been adjusted, thus the size of the device depends on the size of the ventilated space. A second disadvantage of this solution is the method of sucking out the humid indoor air through a slot in the upper part of the window (upper slot) through the space between the outer and inner glazing of the window (inter-window space) which causes condensation of water vapor on the cold inner surface of the outer glazing.

Another known solution is according to DE3341827. Its essence is identical to the solution of DE8019601 and thus the disadvantages are the same, but the second disadvantage is eliminated by the provision of a DE3341827 solution by providing a slot in the lower part of the window connecting the window space with the interior environment (lower interior slot). The solution according to DE3341827 thus has a mode of removing condensed water vapor from the inner surface of the outer glazing, in which the flow of internal air sucked through the upper slot is stopped, causing this condensation and releasing the flow of internal air heated by the heater through the lower slot. By heating the internal air entering the window space, its relative humidity is reduced. The disadvantage is that the solution assumes the existence of a radiator located below the lower interior slot.

Another known solution is according to DE3732545, according to which the worn internal air enters through a slot in the upper part of the window (upper slot) into the space between the inner and outer glazing (window space), sinks to the lower edge of the window and ). This solution is designed to remove worn indoor air from the room, but does not address the way it is replaced with fresh air, so it is not possible to assess the effect on reducing the relative humidity of indoor air. A disadvantage of such a way of worn out indoor air from the room is that it causes condensation of water vapor on the inner surface of the external glazing. This disadvantage is, according to DE3732545, eliminated similarly to the solution according to DE3341827 by providing a slot in the lower part of the window connecting the window space with the interior (lower interior slot) under which the heating element must be placed. In the mode of removing condensed water vapor from the inner surface of the outer glazing, the flow of internal air discharged through the upper slot is stopped, causing this condensation, and the flow of internal air heated by the heater through the lower interior slot is released. The disadvantage is that the part of the solution must be a heating element placed under the lower interior slot.

Another known solution is according to EP1486637. A first embodiment of this solution, similar to the solution according to DE8019601, is intended for the ventilation of a room with heat recovery from the exhaust air. The disadvantage is, similar to the solution according to DE8019601, that in order to obtain the expected result in terms of condensation of water vapor on the windows, it is necessary to adjust the entire volume of air in the room. A similar result can also be achieved according to the second embodiment of the solution in the mode of FIG. 9 (supply of outside air through the window to the interior). The disadvantage is the large heat loss.

Another known solution is according to WO00046555. This solution is intended for the ventilation of a room, one of the embodiments being similar to the solution according to DE8019601, for the ventilation of a room with heat recovery from the exhaust air. The disadvantage is, similar to the solution according to DE8019601, that in order to obtain the expected result in terms of condensation of water vapor on the windows, it is necessary to adjust the entire volume of air in the room.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These disadvantages are overcome by providing an air layer flow at the inner surface of the window from its upper edge to the lower edge whose humidity and temperature are lower than the humidity and temperature of the indoor air.

The formation of condensation is due to the existence of a layer of damp indoor air falling at the inner surface of the window, even though the temperature on the inner surface of the window is higher than the dew point of the indoor air.

To improve the condensation parameters of this layer, it is sufficient if a small amount of dry air is admixed, provided that the direction and location of the flow is maintained. If the amount of dry air delivered increases, the improvement is more pronounced. The volume of delivered dry air, which can significantly affect the conditions on the inner surface of the window, is small, comparable to the volume of air contained in the original layer. Therefore, it is not necessary to adjust the entire volume of indoor air in the room to achieve the expected result.

Dry air is preferably obtained by heating the outside air whose temperature is lower than the temperature of the inside air, since increasing its temperature will reduce its relative humidity. If the heat to heat the incoming outside air is obtained from the extracted indoor air, this eliminates the need for a heat source to heat the incoming air and at the same time ensures the correct flow direction of the incoming outside air from top to bottom because its temperature will be lower than the inside air.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a layer of conditioned outdoor air flowing from the upper edge of the window to the lower surface of the window. This layer is formed by sucking cool outside air from the outside, transporting it through the heat exchanger to the upper edge of the inner surface of the window, and propagating by running down the inner surface of the window. At the same time, warm indoor air is sucked out of the room and rushed to the outside via a heat exchanger. The treatment of cool outdoor air is that when passing through the heat exchanger, its temperature rises at an unchanged absolute humidity, thereby reducing its relative humidity. In the heat exchanger, the heat from the outgoing moist warm internal air is transferred to the incoming cool outside air, and the heat that the outgoing moist warm internal air is transferred consists of heat passing through convection and condensation. The efficiency of the method is that the dew point temperature of the treated outdoor air flowing at the inner surface of the window is lower than the temperature of the inner surface of the window. At the same time, by mixing the treated outdoor air flowing with the warm indoor air in the room, the quality of the warm indoor air improves in terms of the risk of water vapor condensation on the inner surfaces of the building structures. Warm indoor air is preferably sucked under the ceiling of a room where the air quality is the lowest in terms of hygiene. The conditioned outside air is preferably driven to the inner surface of the window by flowing downward from the top edge over its entire surface. The downward movement of the treated outdoor air is supported by the difference in the volumetric weight of the treated outdoor air and the ambient indoor air, since the temperature of the treated outdoor air is lower than the temperature of the indoor air and hence its bulk density is higher than the density of the indoor air. The cool outside air is preferably sucked in by trapping the upward airflow layer occurring at the exterior surface of the window in a windless outdoor environment, the upward movement of this layer causing a difference in the density of the outside air layer in contact with the outside air. the surface of the window from which heat is transferred to this layer and the density of the cold outside air.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through the upper part of the window, the basic parts of the device and the principle of its operation; FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the device, its components and their possible arrangement, FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through a window, a device mounted between the upper part of the window and the lintel, showing the principle of operation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The method which is the subject of protection is a solution to a problem, a typical example of which is the condensation of water vapor on the cold surfaces of the windows in an apartment building. This method of eliminating the condensation of water vapor generated on the interior surfaces of windows and in heated rooms, in particular buildings intended for permanent residence by humans, by creating an air exchange whose humidity and temperature is lower than the humidity and temperature of the indoor air is characterized by the inner surface J of the window is discharged from the diffuser 13 a stream of conditioned outside air 7 so as to be directed from the upper edge of the inner surface 1 of the window to its lower edge, the stream of conditioned outside air 7 having a dew point below Thus, the condensation of the water vapor from the inner surface and the window is eliminated.

This method is performed by a device 18 which is fitted between the window sill 3 and the upper part of the window frame T7. The device 18 then comprises a heat exchanger 10 to which the fan 11 for sucking in the interior air 4 and for blowing this air into the outside space ea and the fan 12 for the suction in the outside air 6 and blowing this air into the interior space 1 are connected. orifice 13 to direct the airflow located at the upper edge of the inner surface j. 2, the suction opening of the interior air fan 4 is situated above the outlet 13, with the orientation of the outlet 13 and the suction opening of the fan H. The intake opening of the fan 12 for intake air 6 is situated below the exhaust opening of the fan 11 for intake air 4, the orientation of these openings being different.

It is advantageous to draw in the cool outside air 6 so that the upward air flow layer 8 occurring at the exterior surface 2 of the window in the absence of the outside air e is captured, the upward movement of this layer causing a difference in volume density of the outside air layer. in contact with the exterior surface 2 of the window from which heat is transferred to this layer and the density of the cold outside air 6.

The condensate 9 formed in the heat exchanger 10 by the condensation of water vapor contained in the outgoing heat of internal air 4 is collected in the condensate container 16.

The operation of the device 18 is controlled by the control unit 14 on the basis of information about the condition of the inner window surface 60, which is provided to the control unit 14 by a humidity sensor 15 mounted on the inner surface 11 of the window. At the lower edge of the inner surface 1 of the window, a humidity sensor 15 is installed and communicates with the control unit 14 to control the operation of the fan 11 and the fan 12.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method of eliminating the condensation of water vapor formed on the interior surfaces of windows in heated rooms, in particular buildings intended for permanent residence by humans, by creating an air exchange whose humidity and temperature is lower than the humidity and temperature of the indoor air. the inner surface of the window is discharged from the diffuser a stream of conditioned external air so that it is directed from the upper edge of the inner surface of the window to its lower edge, the stream of conditioned external air having a dew point below the inner surface temperature of the window; The window is separated from the warm interior air by a created stream of conditioned outdoor air, thereby removing condensation of water vapor from the interior surface of the window. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a heat exchanger (10) to which a fan (11) is connected to suck in the interior air (4) and to expel this air into the external space (e) and a fan (12) for sucking in and blowing out the outside air (6) into the interior (i), the outlet of the fan (12) opening into the outlet (13) for channeling the air flow located at the upper edge of the inside window surface (1); then the suction opening of the outdoor air intake fan (6) is situated near the upper edge of the exterior surface (2) of the window, where the inlet opening of the indoor air fan (11) is situated above the outlet (13), wherein the orientation of the spout (13) and the suction opening of the fan (11) for suction of the internal air (4) is different, the suction opening of the fan (12) for suction of the The exhaust air (6) is situated below the exhaust opening of the fan (11) for the intake of the internal air (4), the orientation of these openings being variable. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a condensate container (16) is installed below the level of the heat exchanger (10). Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a moisture sensor (15) is installed at the lower edge of the inner surface (1) of the window and is connected to a control unit (14) for controlling the operation of the fan (11) ) and a fan (12) for sucking in the outside air (6).