SK283758B6 - Method and plant for processing household refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

A method comprising the steps a) receiving (1), storing (2), unpacking (3) and screening (4) while spraying; b) washing (5) and centrifuging (6); c) drying (7), sorting (8) and removing refuse that can be recycled as it is; and d) for some kinds of refuse remaining after steps (a), (b) and (c), grinding (11) and additional drying (12) to give granulates.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the treatment and recycling of household waste and / or the recovery of granules.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Domestic waste and waste itself usually contain the following products:

- 25% are organic materials such as vegetables, fruit, kitchen waste and similar materials,

- 50% are recyclable materials such as paper, cardboard, textiles, leather, plastics, glass, scrap metal (ferrous and non-ferrous) and the like.

- 25% are inert and sludge-based materials such as stones, soil, dispersive toxic waste, etc.

For a long time, research has focused on finding waste treatment options. So far, two treatment methods have been used, namely the disposal of waste at risk of pollution and incineration, which may or may not lead to the loss of useful energy. Incineration can lead to environmental pollution if the flue gas is not cleaned properly. The process requires considerable investment because operating costs are significant, as is energy consumption.

The second case, although theoretically beneficial for energy recovery, requires infrastructure for immediate energy distribution, such as energy. for district heating. This solution is only possible in countries with cold climates and wastes rich in combustible materials.

The third solution is waste composting. This procedure is currently well known and produces interesting results. However, it only recovers part of the household waste. In doing so, personnel must handle and separate the required materials, which are not only harmful to the environment, but can also cause unpleasant odor problems. In addition, the obtained compost is very damp, which prevents long-distance transport and agricultural use, where, due to the moisture of the compost and its other effects, the user often rejects this process.

Documents D1 EP-A-170301 and D2 DE-A-3037714 and US patent US-A-3952113 demonstrate that the state of the art makes it possible to state and state that the invention is novel.

In fact, the state of the art defined in D1 EP-A170301 and D2 DE-A-3037714 shows that the waste treatment method is carried out using raw (coarse) methods without washing. Such a method has nothing to do with this invention.

US-A-3952113 uses water but for a different purpose. This washing is absolutely different from the present invention because it is suitable for sorting products and then sorting the remaining elements by sedimentation.

Document D3 A-3732008 concerns a treatment method for water purification and is not in any way related to waste treatment.

It follows from the above that the state of the art makes it possible to state and state that the present invention is novel in terms of waste washing, spinning and drying processes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned drawbacks are eliminated by the method of treatment of household waste according to the invention, which consists in that it is carried out in several steps, in which in the first step the received waste is debrised, then sieved while spraying and crushed, in the second step drying, sorting, separation rotting organic materials, and then sorting and transporting recyclable secondary raw materials, wherein the washing and spin drying are carried out between the first and second steps. Subsequently, after the first two steps in the third step, the putrescible organic materials are crushed and dried to a granulate.

The essence of the solution is furthermore that washing is carried out in a rotary drum with horizontal or vertical spindle using permanently recycled water with recycling and fat reprocessing and centrifuging is carried out with a constant speed rotary decanter.

The waste treatment process of the present invention not only offers better conditions for workers and minimizes harmful effects such as unpleasant odors and dirt, but results in a drier granular consistency product that is easy to store, transport and use as fertilizer.

This new method of domestic waste treatment by washing, centrifuging and drying secondary raw materials can be applied directly in the relevant transformation industry, in addition to producing hygienic - sanitarized rot-affected material. This requirement to sanitize waste was not realized before the application of this process and its application in industry should be easily put into practice.

Further advantages and characteristics of this domestic waste treatment method are illustrated in the following example and in the accompanying drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The attached drawing shows a plan view of a domestic waste treatment plant according to the method of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in the accompanying drawing, the apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention comprises a container 1 for collecting, receiving and storing waste. The cartridge 1 is provided with a ventilation of known type and a sprinkler system which is also known. The cartridge 1 may be provided with a drainage system. It contains a commonly used conveyor device of the screw type or conveyor belt, which is connected to the hopper 2. The conveyor system is regulated as required.

The hopper 2 is connected to a deburring device 3, preferably with an integrated sprinkler system that opens the sacks and continues with a screw or belt conveyor to the sifting station 4. The deburring device 3 opens the sacks and roughly tears the waste. The screening station 4 separates small garbage and dust particles. This station is also equipped with a sprinkler system. It is connected to a washing station 5, which washes the waste. The washing station 5 is preferably equipped with a rotating drum with a horizontal or vertical spindle and the washing is carried out using permanently recycled water while recovering and retaining the fat.

The products are then conveyed by a conveyor (belt or screw) to a spinning station 6, which discharges the recycled water to the washing station 5. The spinning is carried out using a rotary decanter with continuous operation.

The conveyor system directs the products from the spinning station 6 to the drying station 7 where it is dried. Drying can be done by swirling or by drying with an internal conveyor system that removes moisture from the products. Later, the products are treated with dry air, which is continuously recycled by the ventilation station.

The system uses a standard heat pump and heat exchangers. The drying air temperature is from 30 - 38 ° C. By dehumidifying the air, water is recovered.

From the drying station 7, the products are conveyed by conveyors to a manual sorting site 8. As already mentioned in the introduction, waste selection takes place on the conveyor according to the type of waste used. Sorting stations collect similar products. Non-rotting products such as plasmas, textiles, glass, scrap (metal or non-metallic) and possibly other products are sorted and passed to the pressing station 9 and / or will be recycled at stations specially adapted for the products concerned. The remaining stored products are fed to the storage station 10 for recycling.

After dehumidification, the putrefaction organic materials and household waste are conveyed to a sifting station 11. After sieving and filtration, the putrefaction organic materials are granulated. The screening process is adapted to the needs of the skilled person. The sieved products are passed to a drying station 12. The obtained granulate is bagged for further use (in a known manner). The deburring device 3 and the screening station 4 are wet stations, it is a pre-wash stage where water is collected, which facilitates the operation of the work station 5 and the spinning station 6. This wet treatment stage is one of the most important characteristics of this waste treatment method. waste that gets rid of most impurities and harmful factors, especially odors. In addition, it allows sanitarization using accelerated fermentation of putrefying organic materials.

The dry treatment stage of the inorganic materials - the drying station 7, the sorting station 8 and the pressing station 9 and, in the case of organic materials, the previous stations together with the crusher, dryer 12 and drying station 11 make it possible to increase processing comfort and obtain dried products. In the case of granular organic materials, these are particularly useful as fertilizers.

This method of waste treatment allows the use of organic waste free of moisture and impurities in agriculture compared to the traditional composting process. In contrast, these impurities were removed by sprinkling and drying.

Claims (3)

A process for the treatment of domestic waste, characterized in that it is carried out in several steps, wherein in the first step the incoming waste is centrifuged, then sieved and crushed, in the second step followed by drying, sorting, separating putrefying organic materials and then sorting and transporting recyclable secondary raw materials, whereby washing and spin drying are carried out between the first and second steps, and after the first two steps are carried out in the third step, the rotting organic materials are crushed and dried to a granulate. The domestic waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the washing is carried out in a rotary drum with a horizontal or vertical axis using permanently recycled water with the recycling and back-processing of fats. Method of treatment of domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugation is carried out by means of a rotary decanter with continuous operation.