SK281140B6 - (2r,3s)-beta-phenylisoserine and its salts and their preparation and use - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is beta-phenylisoserine-(2R,3S), salts and preparation thereof through the action of ammonia on beta-phenylglycidic-(2R,3R) acid and its use in the preparation of taxane derivatives of general formula: wherein R is hydrogen or -COCH3; and R1 is phenyl or -O-C(CH3)3.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine of formula (I)

its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and nitrogenous base salts, process for its preparation and its use for the preparation of therapeutic active substances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

While the (2R, 3R), (2S, 3S) and (2S, 3R) beta-phenylisoserine isomers are known from the scientific literature, for example, the articles of E. Kamandi et al. in Árch. Pharmaz., 307, 871-878 (1974); E. Kamandi et al. in Árch. Pharmaz., 308, 135-141 (1975) or K. Harada and Y. Nakajima in Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 47, 2911-2 2912 (1974), (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine has not been previously described otherwise than in the form of the ester / H. Hönig et al., Tetrahedron, 46 (11) 3841-3850 (1990)].

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine, optionally in the form of a salt, can be obtained by treating ammonia with (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid, preferably in the form of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt (sodium, potassium or calcium salt), ammonium or nitrogen base salts (alpha-methylbenzylamine, pyridine).

Typically, this reaction is carried out in water, optionally in admixture with an organic solvent such as methanol. Preferably, said reaction is carried out in water.

In the process according to the invention it is necessary to use an excess of ammonia relative to (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid. Usually 10 to 100 moles of ammonia, preferably 50 to 80 moles of ammonia, are used per mole of (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid.

The ammonia is preferably used in the form of a concentrated aqueous solution, such as a solution having a concentration in the range of 20 to 32% by weight at a temperature in the region of 25 ° C.

The process according to the invention is carried out at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C. Usually, the process is carried out at atmospheric pressure or else at an autogenous pressure, which at 60 [deg.] C. equals about 5 bar.

To accelerate the reaction, it is particularly advantageous to work in the presence of an ammonium salt such as ammonium chloride or ammonium bicarbonate. It is preferred to use ammonium bicarbonate which allows to increase the reaction rate while maintaining the selectivity of the reaction. Usually, a stoichiometric amount of said ammonium salt relative to the amount of beta-phenylglycidic acid used is used.

The process according to the invention is usually carried out using a salt of (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid with alpha-methylbenzylamine.

However, it is also possible to use an alkali metal salt (sodium salt, potassium salt), which is obtained by treating the (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid salt with alpha-methylbenzylamine or ammonium by stoichiometric treatment with a base (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide). a salt which is obtained by treating an excess of ammonia with a salt of (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid with alpha-methylbenzylamine. In the latter case, the course of the reaction can be favorably influenced by continuous or semi-continuous extraction of alpha-methylbenzylamine with a suitable organic solvent such as toluene.

Of particular interest is the use of the ammonium salt of (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid, which allows ring opening by ammonia, which is regioselective and stereoselective.

Regardless of how (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid is treated with ammonia, (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine can be isolated by one of the following methods:

1. Excess ammonia can be removed under reduced pressure to obtain an aqueous solution of (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylglycidic acid ammonium salt. Upon addition of a strong mineral acid, (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine precipitates which is separated by filtration, or

2. an alkali metal (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) or an alkaline earth metal (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide) may be added before, during or after the removal of ammonia under reduced pressure; the salt formed precipitates upon optional addition of an organic solvent such as acetone. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt thus obtained is separated by filtration. In order to facilitate the salting out of the salt, especially the sodium salt of (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine, and to improve the yield, it is advantageous to saturate the water present in the reaction mixture by adding sodium chloride.

Said (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid may be prepared under the conditions described by J. N. Denis et al. in J. Org. Chem., 51, 46-50 (1986).

The (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine obtained by the process of the invention is particularly suitable for the synthesis of therapeutically active compounds such as the taxane derivatives of formula (II)

wherein R is hydrogen or acetyl and R ¹ is phenyl or tert-butoxy.

By treatment with a benzoylating agent (benzoyl chloride) or a tert-butoxycarbonylating agent (tert-butyl dicarbonate) and then a hydroxyl-protecting agent, a compound of formula (III) is obtained from beta-phenylisoserine r'conh

wherein R ¹ represents a phenyl or tert-butoxy group and Z ¹ represents a protecting group of a functional hydroxyl group (1-ethoxyethyl).

Condensation of an acid of formula (III) with baccatin III or 10-deacetylbaccatin III, the hydroxyl groups of which at the 7-position and optionally at the 10-position are protected (silylated, 2,2,2, -trichloroethoxycarbonyl), and subsequently replaced groups of hydrogen atoms to give the product of formula (II).

Said condensation of an acid of formula (III) with baccatin III or with 10-deacetylbaccatin III protected as described above, as well as the replacement of the protecting groups with hydrogen atoms can be carried out under the conditions described in European patents EP-0 336 840 or

EP-0 336 841.

In the following, the invention will be further elucidated by means of examples of specific embodiments thereof, which, however, are provided by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

% sodium chloride and about 5,300 kg of pure (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine sodium.

Yield 72%.

The compound thus obtained can itself be used in the reaction steps of the following syntheses.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Claims (10)

PATETNOVÉ CLAIMS Example 1 3 kg of alpha-methylbenzylamine- (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidate having a purity of 98% and having an enantiomeric excess of more than 98.5% and 15 liters of 32% (w / w) ammonia are introduced into the column. . Toluene at a rate of 3-5 liters per hour is fed to the bottom of the column. The toluene solution is removed at the top of the column by flow. After the introduction of 18 liters of toluene, the presence of alpha-methylbenzylamine can no longer be detected in this toluene extract. A solution of ammonium beta-phenylglycidate and 30 liters of 32% (w / w) ammonia was introduced into the 150-liter autoclave. The autoclave was sealed and heated to 60 ° C with stirring for one hour. The pressure in the autoclave is about 0.25 MPa. Stirring was then continued at 60 ° C for 5 hours and then allowed to cool to 18 ° C. The ammonia is removed by distillation under reduced pressure (13.3 to 93 kPa) at 24 [deg.] C. after previously adding 9 kg of sodium chloride and 0.42 kg of sodium hydroxide in 2.5 liters of water. When the pressure in the autoclave reaches 6 kPa, the reaction mixture is heated to 48 ° C to dissolve the salts and then cooled to 5 to -8 ° C for 3 hours. The resulting white crystals were collected by filtration and then dried at 40 ° C under reduced pressure (0.13 kPa). In this way, 1932 g of (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine sodium salt melting at 218 ° C are obtained. ^{The 13} C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine sodium, determined in heavy water at 90 MHz, is characterized by the following delta chemical shifts: 60.2 ('JCH = 140 Hz); 80.0 (1 JCH = 147 Hz; ² J = 2.6 Hz); 129.6; 131.5; 144.4 and 181.6 ppm. Example 2 10 kg of alpha-methylbenzylamine- (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidate (35.08 mol), 15 liters of water and 20 liters of toluene are introduced into a 250-liter reactor and then 10 liters of 4N sodium hydroxide are added over 10 minutes. with a temperature close to 20 ° C. The mixture was stirred for one hour. The aqueous phase is separated by decantation. The toluene phase, which contains alpha-methylbenzylamine, is maintained for further processing. The aqueous phase is washed twice with 10 liters of toluene to completely remove the alpha-methylbenzylamine. Alpha-methylbenzylamine can then be isolated from the combined toluene phases. 1.860 kg of ammonium chloride and 162 liters of 20% (w / v) ammonia are added to the aqueous phase introduced into the 250-liter reactor. The mixture was heated to 50 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 17 hours with stirring. After cooling to 35 ° C, 35 kg of sodium chloride are added and the mixture is maintained at this temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is then slowly (over 2 hours) allowed to cool to 0-5 ° C and maintained at this temperature for one hour. The precipitate formed is collected by filtration and then dried under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. In this way, 7 kg of dry product are obtained, which contains approx (2R, 3S) -Beta-Fcnylisoserine and its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or nitrogenous base salts thereof. Process for the preparation of (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine, optionally in the form of a salt, characterized in that (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid or one of its salts is treated with ammonia and then isolated (2R) 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine, optionally in the form of a salt. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that 10 to 100 moles of ammonia are used per mole of (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid. Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the process is carried out in water or in an organic solvent. Process according to Claim 4, characterized in that an aliphatic alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms is used as the organic solvent. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the process is additionally carried out in the presence of an ammonium salt. The process according to claim 6, wherein the ammonium salt is ammonium chloride or ammonium bicarbonate. Process according to either of Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that one mole of ammonium salt is used per mole of (2R, 3R) -beta-phenylglycidic acid used. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the process is carried out at a temperature. 0 to 100 ° C. Use of (2R, 3S) -beta-phenylisoserine according to claim 1 for the preparation of a taxane derivative of the general formula in which R represents a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group and R ¹ represents a phenyl group or a tert-butoxy group.