SK279194B6 - A process for producing a granular agent for conditioning of damaged and/or deficient soils - Google Patents

Abstract

In a process of a granular agent production suitable for conditioning of damaged and/or deficient soils, based on a substance containing magnesium, is commenced by mixing fine particle magnesium oxide (MgO) with fine particle magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and water as the initial compound elements. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is formed being granulated and then dried in atmosphere rich in the content of carbon oxide CO2 in time necessary for the partial carbonisation of already formed reaction elements, so the final agent comprises magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) from the initial compound, re-carbonated magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) as a reaction product and magnesium oxide (MgO) from the initial compound.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing a granular composition for improving damaged and / or poor soil, in particular in agriculture or forestry.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In recent years it has been observed that the growth or health of many plants has been increasingly deteriorating. Larger parts of the forest became ill.

There are already large forest areas in which the trees practically no longer grow, their leaves' and needles become yellow and fall off and die without further intervention. The same applies essentially to agricultural areas.

The causes of forest damage are not yet fully understood, but are derived, inter alia, from the pollutants contained in the atmosphere, which cause soil pH to decline and the nutrient cycle disturbances in vegetation.

In this context, the so-called "acid rain", ie the loading of SO 2 with sulfur dioxide and the like, plays an important role.

The circulation of nutrients is particularly important for the forest. By their roots, trees receive vital nutrients from the soil, some of which are stored in newly formed wood, branches and needles, but a much larger part emerges through branches, needles, leaves and, for example, rain and washes back into the soil. Further, they return to the soil surface in the form of fallen leaves and needles, fruits, dead branches, bark, etc. considerable amount of nutrients. While in the past it has been thought that the supply of forest nutrients in this way is guaranteed once and for all, it is now known that this is not the case, especially for places with poor or degraded soil and also for areas where nutrient cycles are disturbed, insufficient conversion of raw humus or dust, and for areas with high air pollution.

In addition, other factors such as soil type, water supply and drainage also play a role in nutrient cycle disturbances.

Existing attempts to improve the quality of the soil so that the nutrient cycle is carried out have been characterized by essentially selected mineral fertilization, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also magnesium, calcium and trace elements are introduced into the soil.

After it was found that liming strongly acidified soils did not characteristically eliminate nutrient deficiency, it turned out that lime containing foreign nutrients was used instead of limestone powder. In any case, however, gypsum and hence inert bark or crust is formed, so that although the pH value is affected, there will be no permanent soil improvement.

The invention is based on the previously neglected knowledge that the supply of soil is effected by a sufficient quantity of magnesium critical for the treatment of damaged and / or defective soil or of plants growing on it.

Magnesium as an essential nutrient must fulfill a number of important functions in plant metabolism. It is a structural component of chlorophiles, ribosomes, and cell wall components and is involved as a cooperating factor in the activation of many enzymes.

It is known from experiments that the magnesium content in pine or spruce needles must be at least 0.03% by weight to ensure long-term tree survival (the so-called lethal range).

The removal of the corresponding nutrient deficiency by a series of known fertilizing measures mentioned above is only a temporary solution, since the efficiency of a suitable fertilizer is only short-lived. The known fertilizers further contain magnesium predominantly in the form of salts, for example as magnesium sulfate dihydrate (Kieserite) Mg SO4. MgSO 4 or as magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (bitter salt) MgSO 4> 4.7H 2 O, thereby imparting undesirable active substances such as sulfur "S" to the soil.

Furthermore, the solubility of the mentioned magnesium compounds in the soil is moderately specifically constant that only a quasi-one-time effect can be achieved.

It has also been found that the use of magnesium carbonate has certain disadvantages. One is that the solubility of carbonate is relatively low. In order to increase, materials with a larger surface area must be used. Although the material may theoretically clump in a suitable powder form, it may be difficult to spread as a powder, and could be uncontrolled dispersed in the aircraft, possibly dry or as a suspension adsorbed in needles or leaves, and only slowly enter the soil. The preparation of a carbonate with a binder, for example with Sorel cement, while allowing for specific mass production, does not eliminate the problem that the supply of magnesium to the treated soil is only possible in the long term and over a relatively narrow period of time. In addition, the additional fertilizer itself loads the soil.

Fertilization with magnesium hydroxide leads to a rapid increase in the magnesium content in the soil, due to the considerably greater solubility compared to magnesium oxide, but again there are problems of clumping and time dependence of the activity of the substance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of means for improving damaged and / or poor soil by means of which plant growth, in particular tree growth, can be improved permanently and not only in the short term. it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by a process for the production of a granular composition for improving damaged and / or poor soil based on the magnesium-containing substance according to the invention, which consists in mixing fine-grained magnesium carbonate (MgCC> 3), fine-grained magnesium oxide (MgO) and water as original ingredients. of the mixture to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2) as the product of the reaction, which is granulated and subsequently dried in a CO2-rich atmosphere until the reactants formed partially partially carbonize, so that the finished composition contains itself magnesium carbonate (MgCC> 3) from the original component of the mixture, recarbonated magnesium carbonate (MgCC> 3) as the reaction product, and magnesium oxide (MgO) from the original component of the mixture.

Surprisingly, the mixing of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate does not lead to a physical addition-addition of the aforementioned properties; rather, the interaction of the two components will be enhanced, as will be explained in more detail below.

The starting materials preferably have a grain size less than 200 µm, and it is particularly preferred that a predominant portion (above 50% by weight) of a portion with a grain size less than 100 µm is used.

For the invention, the fineness of the starting materials is an important prerequisite. This fineness due to the entire large surface area of the particles ensures large reaction areas. By adding water while mixing the components, the water reacts with MgO to form magnesium hydroxide, which in-situ assumes the function of a binder and allows agglomeration during granulation (packaging) without a particular additional binder.

The components of the mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide are preferably in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 2: 1. The proportions of the amounts of the individual reaction components depend on this initial ratio, the exact mixture ratio being adjusted according to the soil quality or the desired time-dependent action.

The finer the material, the larger the reaction surface and the higher the overall efficiency of the composition. Likewise, the reactions of the starting components interact with each other and with water.

In the subsequent process of drying to be carried out in particular in an atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide, CO _2, to which may be used as appropriate to the waste gases from the furnace, there is partial carbonization (rekarbonizácii) resulting reaction component, such that in the finished, dried product are to each other The following components are available:

- magnesium carbonate MgCO3 (from the original constituent of the mixture) magnesium carbonate MgCCfy (recarbonised material),

- magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH) ₂ (as reaction product),

- magnesium oxide MgO (from the original component of the mixture).

The granulation is preferably carried out in such a way that the resulting granules have a mean diameter of between 0.5 and 8 mm, with a mean diameter of 1 to 4 mm being particularly preferred.

As further binder components, Sorel cement, sulphite liquor, molasses, carboxymethylcellulose, starches, clay, bentonite and / or mycelium of fungi can be used for granulating magnesium carbonate.

The content of additional binder components shall be limited to a maximum of 20% by weight based on the components of the mixture: magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate.

It is preferred that magnesium carbonate with a calcium content of less than 25% by weight, preferably less than 3.5% by weight, and a silica content of less than 1.5% by weight is used.

Finally, it is preferable to further add to the composition a substance which activates the ion exchange capacity of the composition and / or regulates the water binding ability.

Due to the increasing solubility from carbonate through hydroxide to oxide, a three-stage mechanism of reaction in the formulation is first ensured, i.e. different components are available in the formulation which develop their action in the soil at different times. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the magnesium carbonate contained in the granules from the original material exhibits a lower dissolution rate than the recarbonized material, which is x-ray amorphous, thus forming a fourth stage in-situ reaction starting from only two conventional magnesium-containing substances. a simple process to form a granular composition that is easy to spread and, due to its high specific gravity, does not take off and is not caught on branches, leaves or needles, but gets directly onto the soil and into the soil.

The different dissolution rates of the individual components of the formulation lead to a long-term exposure of up to 10 years or more, especially due to the MgO component, based on the immediate action, after which the action will develop a sparingly soluble carbonate from the original material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following examples illustrate the advantages of the novel composition. The results are taken from experiments carried out on a private wooded plot. Trees (spruces) were compared once unfertilized,

- a conventional, in a commercial composition - fertilizer NPK (B), the composition of the invention, the ratio of MgCO ₂ / MgO 5: 1 in the form of granules having an average diameter of 3 mm, each having the same time of additional doses of the experimental lines, B, C, wherein the values were determined after 3 years of trials (test lines A, B) or 2 years of trials (test line C), as the composition of the invention was only available later.

PH value (mean)

A: 3.7 B: 4.9 C: 5.4

Final shoot length (mean values according to DUNCAN test, P = 5%)

A: 4.23 cm B: 5.37 cm C: 7.03 cm

Number of side shoots per plant (mean values according to DUNCAN test, P = 5%)

A: 35.2 B: 33.0 C: 41.0

Root neck diameter (mean values according to DUNCAN test, P = 5%)

A: 6.31 mm B: 7.29 mm C: 7.71 mm

Overall, the plants fertilized with the composition according to the invention show a greener color of the needles and significantly less needles than the compared specimens. While about 50% of the plants dried in experimental line B in the experimental period, in test line C this waste was only 3%.

It should be pointed out that, if desired, additives, in particular those which would allow for an even more complete soil improvement, may also be added to the composition produced by the process according to the invention or to its starting components. Various substances are mentioned in this context: one may be smaller amounts of additional binder, but preferably they are foreign nutrients depending on the current soil quality.

It is also contemplated to admix additives such as zeolites which activate the ion exchange capability and / or regulate the water binding capability.

It is also possible to add smaller amounts of known fertilizers, although the basic idea of the invention is to use a magnesium-containing composition.

As already described, the composition can be poured onto the soil by hand or from a suitable vehicle, but above the forest areas it can be thrown off the plane.

In any case, ingestion of the composition of the invention will not only result in a pH correction depending on the selected starting materials and their concentrations, but also optimization of the circulation of nutrient elements of the plants growing on the soil treated with the composition of the invention.

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS A process for the preparation of a granular composition for improving damaged and / or poor soil based on a magnesium-containing substance, characterized by mixing fine-grained magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3), fine-grained magnesium oxide (MgO) and water as the original constituents of the mixture to form hydroxide magnesium (Mg (OH) 2) as the product of the reaction, which is granulated, and then the resulting granules are dried in a CO2-rich atmosphere until the previously formed reactants are partially carbonized, so that the finished composition contains magnesium carbonate (MgCC> 3) as a reaction product and magnesium oxide (MgO) from the original component of the mixture. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the original constituents of the magnesium oxide MgO and magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 have a grain fraction of less than 200 µm. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the original constituents of the magnesium oxide MgO and magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 have a grain size of predominantly less than 100 µm. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the original components of the mixture of magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 and magnesium oxide MgO are in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 2: 1. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the granules are dried with hot waste kiln gases. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the granulation is carried out until the granules formed have an average diameter between 0.5 to 8 mm. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the granulation is carried out until the granules formed have an average diameter of between 1 and 4 mm. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that additional binder components are added to the original components of the mixture, i.e. magnesium oxide MgO and magnesium carbonate, for the granulation of magnesium carbonate is Sorel cement, sulphite leach, molasses, carboxymethylcellulose, starches, clay, bentonite and / or fungal mycelium. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that additional binder components are added to the original components of the mixture, i.e., magnesium oxide MgO and magnesium carbonate MgCO 3, in an amount of at most 20% by weight, based on the original components of the mixture. magnesium oxide MgO and magnesium carbonate MgCO310. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a substance which activates the ion-exchange capacity of the composition and / or regulates the water-binding capacity is added to the original components of the mixture, i.e. magnesium oxide MgO and magnesium carbonate MgCO 3.