SK1242024U1 - Autonomous device for non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The technical solution refers to an autonomous device for new layouts of devices for the non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances using the process of controlled thermal conversion into solid, liquid and gaseous products for the non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances. It consists of at least two thermal systems (1) with built-in thermal chambers (2) equipped with removable reactors (3) equipped with closing lids (32) with at least one discharge pipe (32) to enable connection to the product pipe (7) opening into the cooling condensation system ( 10). Thermal systems (1) are located in supporting stackable frame structures (101), where thermal chambers (2) are equipped with segmented electric heating systems (21) and discharge pipes (5) connected to discharge pipes (32) are divided into separate connections to of the cold product route (71) and the warm product route (72) of the product pipeline (7). The device contains an automated control unit (11) which is connected to evaluation and tracking members (111) installed on both product routes (71, 72).

Description

The technical solution concerns the new arrangement of equipment for the non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances using a controlled thermal conversion process, which results in solid, liquid and gaseous products.

Current state of the art

Currently, science and technology are largely focused on the development of various devices and methods for the thermal decomposition of organic materials, such as biomass, waste sludge, wood chips, tires, etc., without burning in order to obtain usable secondary raw materials. The basis of these devices are closed reactors located in thermally heated chambers, and their solutions are described, for example, in documents CZ21978U1, CZ21515U1, CZ26384U1, CZ304835B6, CZ309264B6, CZ34946U1, CZ34925U1, CZ34926U1, CZ305978B6. CZ304986B6 or CZ24230U1.

A common disadvantage of known devices is that they allow materials to be processed in consecutive batches, which is energy- and time-consuming, as it is necessary to move the reactors into the reaction chamber after heating and then move them to a free space for cooling after the process. In addition, the device is equipped with one pipeline manually fed to the lid of the reactor, so it contains only one product route without preheating and with a direct connection to the cooler, where the gaseous and liquid product is taken after this cooler.

The goal of the translated technical solution is to present a new concept of the device, which is formed by at least two thermal systems arranged behind each other, but with the possibility of autonomous operation or simultaneous operation of each system.

The essence of the technical solution

The set goal is achieved by a technical solution, which is an autonomous device for the non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances formed by at least two thermal systems with built-in thermal chambers equipped with removable reactors equipped with closing lids with at least one discharge pipe to enable connection to the product pipe leading to the cooling condensation system. The essence of the solution is that the thermal systems are placed in supporting stackable frame structures, where the thermal chambers are equipped with segmented electric heating systems and the discharge pipes connected to the discharge pipes are divided into separate connections to the cold product route and the warm product route of the product line, which are formed by pipes , while the device contains an automated control unit, which is connected to the evaluation and monitoring members installed on both product routes, on the one hand with control functional members to ensure the passability of individual product routes or their parts, and on the other hand with control members to control the activity of thermal chambers or reactors according to the selected parameters.

In a preferred embodiment, the discharge pipes are connected via automatic clamps to the downward vertically located discharge pipes equipped with length compensators, behind which are mounted splitters for dividing the discharge pipe for the possibility of separate connection to product routes.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the product routes are equipped with liquid fraction reservoirs behind the thermal systems and are opened through upward vertically located outlet pipes equipped with length compensators to the cooling condensation system, and gas fraction reservoirs are installed at the outlets from the condensation system.

It is also advantageous when the thermal chamber reactors are of different sizes, with the optimal ratio of the size of the primary thermal chamber reactor to the size of the secondary thermal chamber reactor being 3 to 1.

In the optimal case, the pipelines of the product routes of the product line in the area between the thermal chambers are optimally formed under gravity gradient.

The presented device achieves a new and higher effect in that the thermal systems are connected to a common product pipeline, i.e. a fuel route, divided into two separate product routes, hot and cold, which are automatically activated according to the phase in which the thermal process is, that is, according to the quality of the pyrolysis gas produced. Both product routes are formed by a double-walled pipeline, which is suspended on a self-supporting structural frame and is equipped with vertically located compensators, which makes it possible to change the angle of inclination of the routes as needed, which results in a possible increase in productivity parameters

SK 124-2024 U1 equipment by up to 10%. Reactors placed in thermal chambers can be of different designs and sizes and can also be used to process batches of organic material of different sizes and qualitatively different.

Overview of images on drawings

A concrete example of the implementation of the technical solution is shown schematically in the attached drawings, where:

fig. 1 is a simplified diagram of the basic embodiment of the device, omitting the connection of its functional elements with the automated control unit,

fig. 2 is a side view of the overall design of the device from fig. 1 showing the thermal chambers and frames in which the thermal systems are installed and indicating the connection of the control unit with the functional elements of the device,

fig. 3 is a top view of the device of FIG. 2,

fig. 4 is an axonometric view of the basic supporting functional elements of the device,

fig. 5 is a simplified diagram of the connection of the automated control unit to the functional elements of the thermal system and to one of the product routes and

fig. 6 are detailed sections of the thermal systems of the device from fig. 2.

The drawings that show the presented technical solution and subsequently described examples of specific implementations in no way limit the scope of protection stated in the definition, but only clarify the essence of the technical solution.

Implementation examples

The basic embodiment of the device shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6 is made up of two separate thermal systems 1 of different sizes, the installation surface of which is defined by supporting stackable frame structures 101, which define their shape in space and at the same time enable their connection (coupling) one after the other by means of a product line 7. Thermal chambers are placed inside the frame structures 101 2 equipped with segmented electric heating systems 21, allowing different parts of the thermal chamber 2 to be heated independently, namely its bottom, walls or the entire casing. In each thermal chamber 2, a closable reactor 3 formed by an unmarked vessel, preferably cylindrical in shape with a spherical bottom and equipped with a flange in the upper part to enable the connection of a closing lid 31, is selectively placed in each thermal chamber 2. The optimal ratio of the size of the reactor 3 of the primary thermal chamber 2 to the size of the reactor 3 of the secondary thermal chamber 2 is 3 to 1. Each closure lid 31 of reactor 3 is equipped with standard unmarked connectors, screw connections, gaskets and at least one outlet pipe 32 for the removal of gaseous phases produced during the thermal conversion process. The discharge pipes 32 are connected via automatic clamps 4 to the downward vertically situated discharge pipes 5 equipped with length compensators 6, behind which are mounted the splitters 51 dividing the discharge pipe 5 into the possibility of separate connection to the cold product route 71 and the warm product route 72 of products that they are formed by double-walled pipes. Both product routes 71, 72 are fitted with reservoirs 8 of the liquid fraction behind the thermal systems 1, and these routes 71, 72 are opened through an upwardly located outlet pipe 9 equipped with length compensators 6 to the cooling condensation system 10, and at the outlets from this condensation system 10 are equipped with additional reservoirs 81 gas fraction. The condensing system 10 is usually mounted on a base 10a created in the form of a sheathed container serving as a storage space for replaceable spare parts of the device or for placing external reservoirs of liquid fractions. Both product routes 71, 72 are then fixed on a suspended structure, not shown, and thanks to the length compensators 6 built into the discharge pipes 5 and the outlet pipes 9, it is possible to change the position of the product pipe 7 according to the need and the type of organic material being processed, and to set its gravity gradient at a favorable specific angle ensuring a better flow of gas or liquid fractions.

An integral part of the device is the automated control unit 11, which is connected both to evaluation and control members 111, mostly sensors and sensors regularly installed on both product routes 71, 72, monitoring the process of thermal decomposition and evaluating the quality of the flowing pyrolysis gas. 112, for example, pneumatic valves, ensuring the switching of the passage of individual product routes 71, 72 or their parts, on the one hand with monitoring and control members 113,

SK 124-2024 U1, for example, by a chromatograph performing a process analysis of the produced gases during the process, and on the one hand with control members not shown controlling the control activity of the thermal chambers 2 or reactors 3 according to the selected parameters.

The described embodiment is not the only possible solution for the device, because it can contain more than two interconnected thermal systems 1, while the size of the thermal chambers 2 or reactors 3 is governed by the amount and type of processed materials. According to the types of processed materials and the mutual arrangement of the thermal chambers 2 and the condensing system 10, the product pipe 7 can be formed by more than two routes, which also do not have to be parallel. The frame structures 101 can be further equipped with various additional equipment, such as handling arms, lifting devices, etc.

During the operation of the device, a closed reactor 3 filled with organic material is first placed in the thermal chamber 2 using a manipulation arm or a manipulator, which does not have to be part of the device, and the thermal conversion process can be started without air access. The thermal chamber has a segmented electric heating system operating in the range of operating temperatures from 10 to 900 °C, in three segmented circuits, enabling continuous heating. The heating system of the thermal chamber 2 and the heat-carrying circuit, i.e. the product line 7, is carried out according to the set parameters of the automatic control unit 11 and is set for specific processed organic substances. Each such substance has its own temperature regime/formula that follows the conversion input and the requirements for the type and quality of the output products. Each substance thus has its own thermal curve, which is specific to it, and then it is possible to set the length of the process, the quality parameters of the product. The system of arrangement of the device enables in the primary phase the heating of the reactor 3 with the help of electric heating systems 21. The secondary heating takes place only in the product line 7 using a heat-carrying circuit created by means of a double-shell pipe solution, in which the heat-carrying medium flows for heating up to 250 °C. The double-layer system maintains temperatures simultaneously, i.e. j. the internal temperature is ensured by the produced pyrolysis gas and the external temperature by electric heating with the use of an electric sleeve or independently, always depending on the process phase in which the thermal system works.

The arrangement of the product routes 71, 72 of the product pipeline 7 ensures the conduction of the primary gas phase produced during the conversion process, and according to the type of input raw material, the connection of these routes 71, 72 is set and at the same time they are switched according to the phase and progress of the thermal conversion process. At the beginning of the process, the primary gaseous phase flows through the cold primary route until reaching the specified temperature and exhausting the air in the volume of the reactor 3 and reaching the values of the oxygen content, i.e. j. non-oxidative environment, to the level of zero. In the non-oxidative phase of the process, the gas route is switched to a secondary warm product route, which is always equipped with pairs of evaluation and control members 111, for example pressure and temperature sensors. During this phase, the organic component inside the reactor 3 is converted to a gaseous primary phase, which passes through the outlet in the lid 31 of the reactor 3 into the product line 7 and into the condensation system 10.

In the new arrangement of the autonomous device, at least two thermal systems 1 are coupled in the assembly, preferably in such a way that the primary one is volume t. j. the size of reactor 3 and thermal chamber 2 is at least 3 times larger than the secondary one. Both thermal systems 1 can work together, concurrently or separately due to the connection to the cold and hot pipe route. The advantageous arrangement of two thermal chambers 2 with different volumes behind one another gives the possibility of repeated thermal conversion of the already processed carbonaceous material from the primary system, due to activation or the achievement of higher quality values, at higher temperatures of up to 800 °C. In a specific example, after the process, it is possible to pour the carbonaceous material produced from the primary reactor 3 into the secondary reactor 3 and subject this carbon to heating again in order to separate all residual volatile organic substances and increase the active surface of the produced carbonaceous product.

Industrial applicability

The device according to the proposed solution is intended for use in industries dealing with the processing of waste organic materials or materials separated from these wastes, with the additional possibility of recovery. This is mainly the processing of organic substances into products that can be further used as intermediate products or secondary raw materials for the chemical industry, agriculture and energy, when all products have the potential to be used, both solid carbonaceous and liquid in all their fractions and gaseous as fuel for energy systems. Due to its arrangement of separate routes and reactors, the device can also be used very effectively for the elimination of chemical pollutants, substances with dangerous properties or higher concentrations of infectious pathogens, viruses and pharmaceutical substances contained, e.g. in sewage sludge or materials that have been in contact with such, especially infectious and/or polluting substances.

Claims (5)

1. Autonomous device for the non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances consisting of at least two thermal systems (1) with built-in thermal chambers (2) equipped with removable reactors (3) equipped with closing lids (31) with at least one discharge pipe (32) to enable connection to the product line ( 7) opened into a cooling condensation system (10), characterized by the fact that the thermal systems (1) are located in supporting stackable frame structures (101), where the thermal chambers (2) are equipped with segmented electric heating systems (21) and discharge pipes (5) connected to the discharge pipes (32) are divided into separate connections to the cold product route (71) and the warm product route (72) of the product pipeline (7), which are formed by double-walled pipes, while the device contains an automated control unit (11), which is connected to evaluation and tracking members (111) installed on both product routes (71, 72), on the one hand with control members (112) to ensure the passage of individual product routes (71, 72) or their parts, and on the other hand with control members for controlling the activity of thermal chambers (2) or reactors (3) according to selected parameters. 2. Autonomous devices according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the discharge pipes (32) are connected via automatic clamps (4) to the downward vertically located discharge pipes (5) equipped with length compensators (6), behind which the splitters (51) are installed ) to divide the discharge pipe (5) into the possibility of separate connection to the product routes (71, 72). 3. Autonomous devices according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the product paths (71, 72) behind the thermal systems (1) are equipped with reservoirs (8) of the liquid fraction and are opened upwards by a vertically located outlet pipe (9) equipped with longitudinal compensators (6) into the cooling condensing system (10) and at the outlets of the condensing system (10) are installed gas fraction reservoirs (81). 4. Autonomous devices according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reactors (3) of the thermal chambers (2) are of different sizes, while the optimal ratio of the size of the reactor (3) of the primary thermal chamber (2) to the size of the reactor (3) of the secondary thermal chamber (2) is 3 to 1. 5. Autonomous devices according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pipes of the product routes (71, 72) of the product pipeline (7) are optimally formed under the gravitational gradient in the area between the thermal chambers (2).