SI9800298A - Binding material and using thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention refers to a binding agent for sprayed concrete where the binding agent is a certain mineral hydraulic compound with low sulphate content, preferentially portland cement, portland composite cement, slag cement, ferrous portland cement or alumina cement and containing usual, in a given case additional components and agents. The components of the binding agent are balanced in such a way as to achieve a short duration of hydraulic reactions, where the binding agent particles have, at least to a partial extent, their envelope made of a combination of a hydrophobic and an accelerating agent without alkalis.

Description

SPRAYING APPLICATION AND ITS USE

The invention relates to an injection molding agent (Spritzbindemittel) and its use for the manufacture of sprayed concrete or injection molded mortar.

By injection molded concrete is meant concrete that refers to high-velocity injection molding devices, e.g. to the surface and solidify in this process. Such sprayed concrete is used, for example, for tunnel lining structures. In accordance with the Guidelines for Injected Concrete of the Austrian Concrete Society (Richtlinie Spritzbeton des osterreichischen Betonvereins), also used in Germany, the tasks of injection molded concrete extend from the production of a certain surface quality (eg foil insulation substrates), filling cavities (eg cracks) , profiles) and hill closures, through the production of building elements with a protective and support function, such as the outer shells of cavity structures, as well as the protection of embankments, construction pits and slopes, down to the manufacture of outer shells of cavity structures under existing structures and with a small overlap, tunnel lining with one shell, supporting elements for embankment and excavation surfaces and walls made of sprayed concrete for water tanks.

In general, sprayed concrete is expected to bind and harden in a short time and develop sufficient strength to develop rapidly, e.g. in the construction of tunnels, its hill guard

- 2working and stabilizing operation. However, rapid curing should not be carried out too quickly, since otherwise applied sprayed concrete can no longer be incorporated into previous layers and drained or repelled from previously sprayed surfaces.

Raw materials for injection molded concrete are bonding agents, aggregates (in German: Zuschlagstoffe), additional components (in German: Zusatzstoffe), additional agents (in German: Zusatzmittel), as well as water.

Mineral admixtures (in German: Zuschlage), such as gravel, debris, sand, or the like, are commonly used as aggregates for sprayed concrete. gravel with round or broken grains. Commonly used aggregates have sowing line areas according to DIN 1045 0 to 8 mm, with the sowing lines being B 8 or AB 8 (see Figure 1). In addition, fibers such as mineral or glass fibers as well as steel and plastic fibers may be added. Furthermore, known lightweight aggregates may also be used.

Synthetic products of silicic acid, such as silica from flue gases (Kieselrauch) or the like, and silica powder are used as additional components. Quartz powder in particular improves the adhesive properties of sprayed concrete.

Concrete adjuvants are used, inter alia, as admixtures for concrete. In addition, it is also possible to use inhibitors to solidify and to eliminate the effect of inhibitors specifically with actuators at the installation site.

Further possible additional agents are plasticizers (in mute.

orig. : Verfliissiger), liquid is (in German. Orig .:

- 3Fliessmittel), air pores forming plasticizers and air pore makers.

In injection molding operations, the concrete is generally distinguished between a dry injection molding process and a wet injection molding process. For these operations, different types of cement and / or different types of concrete should be used at all times.

Conventional dry-sprayed concrete (Trockenspritzbeton) is produced from normal cement as a bonding agent and naturally moistened admixtures (3 to 5% moisture) in the transport concrete and transported to the construction site via a transport mixer . The material is processed with conventional injection molding machines before the expiration of about 1.5 hours after mixing, with the addition of the accelerator. When using normal cements, an additional dry chemical must be added in the conventional dry injection process to regulate the properties of concrete. For example, slowing down the processing capacity must be balanced by means of retardants, especially for transport with a mixer. This effect must be eliminated at the construction site by actuators or accelerators. The disadvantage of conventional dry-sprayed concrete is that its properties, especially the desirable course of initial strength development, cannot always be optimally adjusted.

In order to better match the sprayed concrete to the requirements of the installation site, special spraying agents have been developed.

These special injection molding agents for use in some sprayed concrete are separated into SBM T and SBM FT in accordance with the Injected Concrete Guideline of the Austrian Concrete Society. This one

- 4 Injection molding agents have very short reaction times, which makes it unnecessary to add any accelerating agents. The undesired addition of an accelerator to a construction site eliminates the common cause of errors due to incorrect dosing of an accelerator.

SBM T are injection molding agents having a reaction time of less than 1 minute. Due to the very short reaction time, these bonding agents cannot be used with wet additives. SBM T bonding agents are therefore used in so-called industrial dry mixtures (German: Werktrochenmischung). An industrial dry mix means that the solid constituents of these concretes are mixed dry in advance in the concrete plant. The components of these industrial dry mixtures must be kiln-dried. The maximum allowable humidity is 0.2 wt. %. Industrial dry mixtures made in this way can be stored or manufactured after manufacture. sent to a construction site. Industrial dry mixes for use in sprayed concrete are increasingly being critically evaluated with respect to the development of dust during processing at the construction site and thus to occupational safety and hygiene.

SBM FT injection molding agents have a reaction time of 1 to 3 minutes. As a result of this reaction time, they can be used to make sprayed concrete with wet, e.g. naturally moist additives (water content is generally 2 to 4% by weight). The limited processing time of the injection molding agent requires, insofar as wet additives are used, a personalized process technique. These binding agents are finally mixed, e.g. with naturally moist additive as well as optionally with additional agents and on-site components, that is, on site and then processed immediately with a spraying machine. After the binding agent has been mixed with a naturally moist unit, longer storage is no longer possible.

Because this SBM FT withstands naturally moist moist additives for only a limited time, special machines have been developed that store, dispense and mix separately the spray adhesive as well as naturally moist additives. Problematic for the construction site are the impractical very large dimensions and cost of maintaining and operating these machines, as well as the costly logistics required to store and batch cement and additive. Especially in the tunnel construction project, where space is naturally limited in the construction site, these are significant drawbacks.

In a wet injection process, a wet mixture (pumping fresh concrete) is sprayed, that is, concrete capable of flowing, supplied with sufficient hydration water.

Wet injection molded concrete (German: Nassspritzbeton) is usually applied by means of remotely controlled injection molding arms. injection molding robots. Due to the heavy weight of the pumped-up quantities of fresh concrete and heavy injection molding equipment, it is not possible to perform these injection work manually. The aforementioned injection molding arms make it possible to use larger pipe diameters and higher machine capacities than in the manual version, which can result in higher application capacities and larger associated application surfaces. The operating personnel of the wet sprayed concrete injection molding plant are located outside the direct reflection area and the dust impact area. This ensures higher machine hygiene and safety for the machine server.

In the case of a wet spraying process, concrete that is sprayed under this process is usually added with a cure agent.

As a rule, the curing agent is powdery or liquid and is added 3 to 5 meters in front of the nozzle directly into the pump tube to achieve sufficient mixing of the accelerator.

- 6Concrete pumping agents. The disadvantage of this process is that the operating costs are very high. In addition, the wet-sprayed concrete must also be properly regulated with an accelerator. The great distance of the nozzle head view from the application surface and the high application capacity causes further considerable difficulty in producing a uniform surface and thickness of the sprayed concrete. It is advantageous for staff to fire the machine from a safe distance at hazardous locations.

It is an object of the invention to provide an injection molding agent which improves the ability to process injection molded mortar or sprayed concrete, in particular the precise setting of the onset of hydration and thus curing.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a process for the preparation and processing (in German: Verarbeitung) of injection-molded concrete, which enables injection-molded concrete with unaltered properties and reduces the cost of preparation and processing.

These tasks are solved by the features of claim 1 as well as claim 24. Favorable forms are indicated in the sub-claims.

The bonding agent of the invention is, for example, a bonding agent of the SBM T or SBM FT classification, i.e. a sprayed concrete bonding agent having a very short cure time or. reactions. According to the invention, the injection molded concrete, a conventional binder, is hydrophobized and treated immediately with an alkali free accelerator. A possible alkaline-free accelerator is, for example, some basic aluminum sulfate, e.g. aluminum hydroxysulphate. This hydrophobic and alkali-free accelerator-treated binder of the invention can already be mixed in a plant with naturally moist additives, that is, additives, as supplied, without drying, into an industrial premix (Werkvormischung). Usual humidity of additives is between 2 and 4%. Additions that contain too little moisture to sufficiently hydrate the binder can be easily supplied with more water. This industrial premix can then be transported immediately, for example using transport mixers as transport concrete to the installation site. Although the bonding agent is a very fast-acting bonding agent, it is achieved by hydrophobing that the bonding agent for the transport concrete has the required processing ability of more than one and a half hours, but without the addition of additional inhibiting agents. At the site of installation, this bonding agent may be used. prepared concrete spray syringe without further mixing operations and without further addition of accelerating agents or other additional agents.

Surprisingly, this type of sprayed concrete, which was first hydrophobized and then treated with alkali free accelerators, retains its reactivity for hours or even days beyond mixing and transport times, so that the sprayed concrete can be held in stock or in the silo at the installation site without substantially reacting. This behavior cannot be achieved by hydrophobing alone, but is created solely as a synergistic effect together with treatment with an alkali free accelerator, with an increase in the amount of an alkali free accelerator significantly delaying the onset of the first noticeable hydration reaction.

The mixture of binder according to the invention for use in injection-molded concrete has, in the simplest case, as a major component, Portland cement with reduced sulfate content (CEM I) in accordance with

- 8z DIN 1164. Optionally, this binder may contain pozzolanic or latent hydraulic auxiliaries such as blast furnace slag or fly ash. In addition, Portland Composite Cements (CEM II), Slag Cements (CEM III) and cements are allowed as constituents or mixtures or even as a major component. For example, alumina cement may also be contained as an additional hydraulic binder. In addition, further dry additional components and additional agents may be included in the case. The curing time of the binder mixture can be varied and adjusted by the content of the ingredients used, as well as by the fineness of grinding the binder mixture.

Suitable hydrophobic agents include, but are not limited to, stearic and oleic acids (fatty acids), waxes, salts of fatty acids (sodium, calcium, ammonium, aluminum and zinc stearate), resins and sodium oleate. In addition, lime soaps and mineral oil emulsions are not excluded. In addition, silanes, siloxanes and silicone oils can be used as hydrophobic agents.

Suitable alkali-free accelerators are, for example, basic aluminum sulfates as used as accelerators for cement, in particular basic aluminum sulfates according to the formula Al (OH) _a (S0 ₄ ) _b , where b = 0.05 to 0.4 and a = 3 to 2 x b.

For the manufacture of such a hydrophobic binder for use in sprayed concrete, raw materials are dosed into a cement mill, for example clinker of Portland cement, slag sand and optionally further constituents as alumina cement and, together with the desired amounts of sulfate carriers, are ground together. During grinding, it is considered as auxiliary mill

- 9The agent dispenses with a hydrophobic agent in amounts of 0.02 5 m-%, so it is generally injected. The further course of the process corresponds to that of conventional cement production.

In addition, it is also possible for the picking hydrofoil to be carried out after grinding the mineral constituents, whereby the finished cement is treated in a so-called and known spraying process. In this case, in a special mixing unit, the hydrophobic agent finely disperses the syringe onto the powder binder and thereby mixes.

After the binder has been hydrophobized, the binder is treated with an alkali free accelerator. The treatment may be either a spray of a solution, and the binding agent may be sprayed with a very fine accelerating agent, with intensive mixing immediately thereafter. The aim is to bond the accelerating agent as evenly as possible on the hydrophobic coating of the binding agent, to which the process technique must be appropriately adapted. Suitable amounts are in particular 0.2 to 6 m-% of the accelerating agent relative to the dry binder mixture. However, an accelerator may also be added during grinding.

In order to use this binding agent. With this mixture of bonding agents made of sprayed concrete, naturally moist aggregate is fed to the desired granulation and sieving line, for example B 8 according to DIN 1045 (according to Figure 1) in the mixing device.

This naturally moist aggregate may have moisture, for example 1 to 6%, especially 2 to 4%. Metal and / or organic or mineral fibers, such as charcoal, glass or mineral fibers, may be added as further or exclusive aggregates for the manufacture of fibrous sprayed concrete.

- 10For the manufacture of lightweight sprayed concrete, organic and / or mineral lightweight aggregates, in particular polystyrene foam spheres, float, perlite, zeolite, foam glass, micro glass hollow spheres and further known lightweight aggregates, may be added as further or exclusive aggregates.

We are now dosing a mixture of binders or binders to the aggregate. binding agent and we both mix with each other. Additional components may be used, for example, silica powder, silica in emulsions (silicaemulsionen), synthetic silicic acid, and further known additional components to affect processing ability. The finished mix, ie injection molded concrete, can be fed to the transport mixer and thus transported to the installation site where it is processed by injection molding.

Although the binder according to the invention in its composition usually corresponds to the binder with a short cure time of the SBM T or SBM FT classification, surprisingly, using a hydrophobic and basic aluminum sulfate-treated binder, it is possible to achieve a processing time of over 2.0 hours without the addition of inhibitory agents. Apparently, the mixing process does not significantly affect the hydrophobicity of the binder, since no significant progress of the hydration reaction in the finished concrete during the processing time could be demonstrated.

It appears that a strong hydration reaction occurs only after the concrete has been sprayed. It is believed that only extreme mortar loads (acceleration, friction, inhibition) during spraying damage the protective sheath of the bonding agent formed from the hydrophobic agent and the alkaline-free accelerators so far that a hydration reaction can occur. Surprisingly, however, it turned out to be a protective sheath

- 11 does not adversely affect the behavior of the sprayed concrete according to the invention as compared to the sprayed concrete with the same bonding agent but without hydrophobing and accelerating agent, but improves the initial strength almost catalytic.

The initial strength increases unexpectedly with the storage time of the concretely mixed concrete, which could not be observed with pure hydrofoam. On the other hand, only alkali free accelerators, especially basic aluminum sulphates in addition, could not achieve such strength trails, resulting in a surprising effect in combination with hydrophobing and treatment with alkali free accelerators. in that order.

Also, a significant extension of the storage life of the finally mixed concrete could not only be achieved by hydrophobing, but was achieved only by a combination of hydrophobing and an alkali free accelerator. This effect is assumed to be based on the fact that a previously unreacted reaction takes place between the hydrofoiling agent, the alkali free agent, the cement and the existing water, which, depending on the dosage amount of the alkali free agent, forms a combined protective sheath around the reactive low sulfate cement core (in German origin: sulfatarmes Zementkorn). It is only upon contact with the surface to be treated at speeds> 100 km / h and when subjected to impact and friction that this sheath is obviously opened and the rapid reaction of the injected cement can begin.

Otherwise, the hardening of some pre-stored sprayed concrete with 0.5 m% alkaline-free accelerator was only slightly worse than that of the immediately sprayed material, but the initial strengths of the pre-stored material were fast

- 12nastle compared to the immediately injected material and exceeded by approx. 2 hours also the initial strength characteristics of conventional, so-called young injection molded concrete according to the following diagram I.

Course of compressive strength Young injection molded concrete [N / mm ¹ ]

contact 15 min.

contact 3 min.

Processing with the addition of ca. 3% moisture

6 10 30 1h 2h 3h 6h 8 / 9h 12h 24h

Test age

Diagram I shows the compressive strengths of so-called young sprayed concrete. Under Young Injected Concrete means the Injected Concrete Guideline Injected Concrete up to the age of 24 hours. The JI, J2 and J3 runs shown are compressive strength runs in accordance with the requirements of the Injected Concrete Guideline. The thicker drawn line shows the sprayed concrete according to the invention with 15 min of pre-storage, while the compressive strength shown by the thinner drawn lines shows the areas of strength of the sprayed concrete according to the Guideline of the Austrian Concrete Society. The dashed line shows immediately reclaimed sprayed concrete according to the invention.

- 13The initial strength of both sprayed concretes according to the invention lies initially in the range of known sprayed concretes. After about 1 hour, the longer pre-stored sprayed concrete according to the invention shows a steep increase in strength, while the shorter pre-stored sprayed concrete according to the invention shows a similar increase in the tensile strength after ca. 3 h.

It has also unexpectedly been shown that the use of a hydrophobic injection molding agent according to the invention in existing processes, such as the use of industrial dry mixes or the manufacture of on-site sprayed concrete using naturally moist additives, has significant advantages over conventional ones, known injection molding agents.

Tests in which industrial dry mixes for injection molded concrete were made using the injection molding agent according to the invention showed that the spray properties of the concrete using the injection molding agent were in accordance with the invention conventional concrete slightly improved. In particular, sprayed concrete with the binder according to the invention behaved better than conventional concrete, i.e. less material bounced off the sprayed surface.

In addition to these unexpectedly large differences in the initial strength course, differences in the hydration and drying characteristics of the sprayed concrete were also found. While the sprayed concrete according to the prior art showed typical light gray hardened and substantially cured sprayed concrete after a few hours, the sprayed concrete according to the invention appeared later than the previously dark gray color of the still wet concrete. We assume that the protective layer allows for a slightly longer open time, thereby achieving a better one

- 14 fortification.

When using an injection molding agent according to the invention in an industrial dry blend or in an industrial dry mix. the industrial premix is not required to be used in the kiln of dried aggregates. Aggregates can be added with a certain humidity because the spraying agent according to the water invention is relatively insensitive. For example, additives with humidity or pit humidity of 0.8 to 1% may be used.

It is advantageous to use very cost-intensive drying of aggregates for use in industrial premixes. Moreover, this pre-moistening results in a much lower dust evolution, which must be positively evaluated from the standpoint of occupational hygiene and safety. These advantages are accompanied by more favorable strength development.

In further experiments, injection molded concrete was prepared as an industrial dry mortar using an injection molding agent according to the invention. However, in order to reduce the development of dust _r , pre-wetting of dry concrete was carried out in the pipe from the pump to the nozzle. Injected concrete thus prepared using the injection molding agent according to the invention, according to Diagram II, had the development of strength, lying within the standard area of the Injected Concrete Guideline, which after approx. It rises significantly for 3 hours and after approx. For 5 hours it lies above the strength of the known sprayed concrete. That is to say, even if sprayed concrete according to the invention is processed by conventional methods, it shows improved strength development characteristics compared to known concretes. Also, 0.5 m-% alkaline-free accelerating agents were used with this spraying agent.

- 15 Compressive strength course Young injection molded concrete [N / mm *]

Diagram II

The Ji, J2 and J3 runs shown are compressive strength runs in accordance with the requirements of the Injected Concrete Guideline. The thicker drawn line represents the sprayed concrete according to the invention.

In a further experiment, the sprayed concrete according to the invention was mixed as industrial dry mortar using a mixture of aggregates with relatively high humidity, e.g. with 0.5% moisture and stored for 36 hours before processing and immediately sprayed.

Test age

Diagram III

It was found that the binder according to the invention was relatively insensitive to the humidity fluctuations in the additive. In addition, it was advantageous that the injection molding agent according to the invention had no otherwise negative tendency for the injection molding agents to be gripped in the storage or dosing or mixing area. This significantly reduces the cost of cleaning and maintenance for known mixing kits. A further advantage of using the injection molding agent according to the invention is in the process that, during the first hours, the curing process corresponds to the course of cured known injection molded concrete, but in the further course it is raised more strongly, so that, after 24 hours, generally the strengths are achieved. lie above the compressive strengths required in the Injected Concrete Guideline.

The invention thus provides an injection molding agent that enables the process technique used to date to be substantially

17 simplify and to a large extent save costs by eliminating current operational and logistical expenditures.

In addition, the invention provides an injection molding agent which has improved processing properties, better, more manageable curing characteristics and higher cured strength.

In addition, the binder according to the invention can also be processed by known methods, in which case the improved processing ability and the improved curing and strength properties of the concrete are achieved.

The essential advantage of the injection molding agent according to the invention is therefore that the sprayed concrete is prepared as a conventional concrete, dry-sprayed, containing normal cement, and can even be prepared and processed as a conventional transport concrete using a highly reactive injection molding agent. , avoiding cost-intensive large storage and mixing facilities at the construction site, and avoiding sources of defects and costs in conventional concrete by adding additional resources.

Claims (25)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A binder for use in sprayed concrete, the binder being a mineral, hydraulic binder, a special low sulfate binder, preferably Portland cement, Portland composite cement, slag cement, Portland Portland cement or alumina. cement, and having the usual additional components and auxiliaries, as appropriate, and the components of the bonding agent being so coordinated with each other that a short reaction time for the hydraulic reactions is achieved, whereby the granules of the bonding agent have at least a partial sheathing region of some combination from some hydrophobic agent and some alkali free accelerator. Binding agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali free agent is bonded to the hydrophobic sheath. Binding agent according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the binder agent has stearic and / or oleic acid (fatty acids) as a hydrophobic agent. Binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder has as a hydrophobic agent a wax and / or fatty acid salt. 5. The binding agent according to claim 4, - 19 characterized in that it has a binder as a hydrophobic agent for sodium, calcium, ammonium, aluminum and zinc stearate. Binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder has a hydrophilic resin and / or sodium oleate and / or lime soap and / or mineral oil emulsion as hydrophilic agent. Binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder has as a hydrophobic agent silane and / or siloxane and / or silicone oils. Binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder is essentially a hydrophobic Portland cement with reduced sulfate content. 9. The binder according to claim 8, characterized in that the binder has a content of SO ₃ from 1 to 3%. 10. The binding agent according to claim 8 and / or 9, characterized in that the binding agent has an SO ₃ content of 2 - 2.5%. 11. The binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder has, as additional components, synthetic silicic acid, silica powder, silica in emulsions and - 20 Further known additional components that affect the ability to process concrete. 12. The binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder has plasticizers and / or flow agents and / or air pores and / or thickeners and / or stabilizers as additional agents. 13. The binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components of the binder are finely ground. Binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkali-free accelerator is amorphous basic aluminum sulfate. 15. The binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amorphous basic aluminum sulfate is a basic aluminum sulfate of the general formula Al (OH) _a (SO ^^, wherein b = 0.04 to 0.4 and a is 3 to 2 x b. 16. A binder according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkali free agent is contained in amounts of from 0.2 to 6% by weight. Process for the manufacture of a binder according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that for the manufacture of a binder mineral component 18. A process according to claim 17, characterized in that the mineral components are finely or finely ground. 19. The method according to claim 17 and / or 18, characterized in that at least one accelerating agent is added during grinding and after addition of the hydrophobic agent. 20. The method according to claim 17 and / or 18, characterized in that at least one accelerating agent is added after grinding and after the hydrophobic agent is added and mixed with the binding agent. A method according to one or more of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the accelerant is added in amounts of from 0.2 to 6%. - 21 are ground and at least one hydrophobic agent is added during grinding. Process according to one or more of Claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the hydrophobic agents are added in amounts of 0.02 to 5% by weight. 23. Injected concrete containing a binder according to one or more of Claims 1 to 16, wherein the injected concrete has at least one aggregate in normal quantities and water in amounts of from 0.5 to 6% by weight. 24. A process for making injection molded concrete according to claim - 2223, wherein the binder according to one or more of Claims 1 to 16, the mineral admixtures in normal quantities, optionally additional components and auxiliary agents, and water are mixed into the sprayed concrete. Process according to claim 24, characterized in that gravel, and / or gravel and / or debris and / or sand with round or crushed grains are used as aggregates. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that additives having a granulation of from 0 to 8 mm are used. 27. The method according to claim 25 and / or 26, characterized in that the accessories exhibiting the sowing lines B8 or AB8 according to DIN 1045 are used. Process according to one or more of Claims 24 to 27, characterized in that metal and / or organic and / or mineral fibers are added as aggregates. 29. The binder according to claim 28, characterized in that steel and / or carbon and / or glass and / or mineral fibers are added. Process according to one or more of Claims 24 to 29, characterized in that organic and / or mineral light aggregates are added as aggregates. 2331. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that polystyrene foam and / or float and / or perlite and / or zeolite and / or foam glass and / or micro glass hollow spheres and / or micro glass hollow bulbs are added as light aggregates. Process according to one or more of Claims 24 to 31, characterized in that quartz powder and / or silica in the emulsions and / or synthetic silicic acid are added as additional components, as well as, as the case may be, further known additional components for influencing ability to process. Process according to one or more of Claims 24 to 32, characterized in that plasticizers and / or flow agents and / or air pores and / or thickeners and / or stabilizers are added as additional agents. A process according to one or more of Claims 24 to 33, characterized in that the aggregates are used in the naturally moist state. Method according to one or more of Claims 24 to 34, characterized in that aggregates with a moisture content of 0.5 to 6 m-% are used. A process according to one or more of claims 24 to 35, characterized in that aggregates with a moisture content of 2 to 4 m-% are used. 37. The process according to one or more of claims 24 to 36, - 24, characterized in that the aggregates and, optionally, the additional components are submitted to the mixing device and mixed, immediately thereafter a mixture of binders is added and stirred further, with additional agents being added as appropriate. Process according to one or more of Claims 24 to 37, characterized in that the sprayed concrete is delivered to the transport mixer. A method according to one or more of Claims 24 to 38, characterized in that the pre-injection molded concrete is stored for a predetermined time before increasing the initial strength. 40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that the pre-injection molded concrete is pre-stored for 0.5 to 24 hours. Use of a hydrophobic mineral bonding agent, in particular a bonding agent according to one or more of Claims 1 to 16, in an industrial dry mix for the production of sprayed concrete. Use of a binder according to one or more of claims 1 to 16 in transportable sprayed concrete. Use of a binder according to one or more of Claims 1 to 16 in wet-sprayed concrete. 44. Use of a binding agent according to one or more - 25 claims 1 to 16 in dry-sprayed concrete