SI8510691A - Method for assembling three-dimensional metal structures, machine forthe manufacturing thereof and structures obtained with such a method - Google Patents

Abstract

An invention is hereby published assembly process that is simple and relatively inexpensive, which, however, allows for the installation of highly accurate three-dimensional wire mesh having high resistance to loads. This process according to the object of the invention consists of the following phases: a) Preparation of a series of straight nets which they consist of longitudinal and transverse wires interconnected welded; b) Setting up these nets in accordance with a specific one by the depth shift; c) Alignment of these networks in such a way that the transverse wires from the various nets brought into the same plane; d) Alignment of longitudinal wires at least on one side of the grids so that the planes are defined alignment of the structure; e) Putting at least one cross wire to the position where that wire intersects with longitudinal or transverse wires from nets to different intersections of these longitudinal and transverse wires; f) Approach with at least one spot guard unit, where the nets intersect with cross wire in such a way that the electrodes of this welding unit lie opposite the cross wires at the appropriate crossing point; g) Joining of wires that cross and electrode to perform welding on this the point of intersection; h) Relative movement of nets and tees welding units for a distance equal to each other the distance of these nets while retaining the transverse ones nets in the same plane; i) Repeat phase f) to h) for new cross wire and new intersections as long as cross wires are not welded with longitudinal and transverse wires and network structures.

Description

METHOD OF INSTALLATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL METAL STRUCTURES, THE DEVICE FOR THEIR MANUFACTURING, AND THE STRUCTURES OBTAINED BY SUCH A PROCEDURE

1. TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a process for constructing three-dimensional metal structures, for example for prefabricated elements such as walls and roofs used in construction. The subject of the invention also relates to devices which manufacture according to the said process and finally to the constructions which are the product of such a process.

2. TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

The present invention solves the technical problem of how to provide a mounting procedure that is simple and relatively inexpensive, but allows the mounting of highly accurate three-dimensional reinforcement nets with high load resistance.

3. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A three-dimensional wire construction consisting of a series of straight nets is known. Each grid shall have at least one pair of longitudinal and transverse wires. These nets have a predetermined distance to each other, which allows them to have a series of cross wires welded to the longitudinal or transverse wires of the nets. Such construction forms support planes for longitudinal elements of corresponding dimensions, which are made of lightweight insulating material and which are installed within this structure. The manufacture of such a structure requires very strict tolerances for the various components and the careful alignment of these parts during the individual stages of manufacture during which welding is performed. Many manual operations are required to meet such requirements in order to bring the welding units to those cross sections in which the wires to be welded lie, and in particular to keep the parts aligned. Such a procedure is therefore inevitably expensive. Above all, it is very difficult to simultaneously align the transverse wires and different parts of the structure in the same plane. Thus, several problems arose in the manufacture of such structures, especially with regard to the safety of quality welding and the achievement of high resistance to the static and dynamic loading of the structure.

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE SOLUTION

The primary object of the present invention is to provide an assembly process that is simple and relatively inexpensive, yet allows for the installation of highly accurate three-dimensional, highly load-resistant wire mesh. The task can be solved by a process according to the invention, which comprises the following steps:

a) Preparation of a series of straight nets consisting of longitudinal and transverse welded wires;

b) Laying these nets in accordance with a certain depth displacement;

c) Align the nets so that the transverse wires from the different nets align in the same plane;

d) Alignment of longitudinal wires on at least one side of the nets so that the alignment planes of the structure are defined;

e) Placing at least one transverse wire in a position in which this wire intersects with the longitudinal or transverse wires of the nets at different intersections of these longitudinal and transverse wires;

f) Approach with at least one welding unit to the point where the nets intersect with the cross wire in such a way that the electrodes of this welding unit lie at a specific intersection point opposite the cross wires;

g) Joining intersecting wires and electrodes to weld the wires at the intersection;

h) Relative movement of nets and welding units for a distance equal to the distance of the nets while simultaneously keeping the transverse wires in the same plane;

i) Repeat phase f) to h) for new cross wire and new junction points until cross wires are welded with longitudinal or transverse wires of this mesh construction.

According to another feature of the object of the invention, the assembly of the nets constituting the three-dimensional construction comprises the following stages:

a) Preparation of straight wires from the reels, by reinforcing and simultaneously interconnecting these wires;

b) Placing a group of longitudinal wires in alignment brackets that allow the wires to be placed parallel to each other;

c) Welding at appropriate points of intersection of longitudinal wires with one transverse wire in such a way that these wires lie practically in the same plane as the transverse wire; d) Movement of the longitudinal wires relative to the alignment holder by a distance equal to the distance with which the transverse wires are repeated, in order to determine a second section of the marking substantially identical to the previous one;

e) Positioning the second transverse wire in such a way that the transverse wire intersects the second section of the arcing of the longitudinal wires, that it is near or slightly in contact with it, in such a way that it lies at a certain distance from the previous transverse wire;

f) Welding of this second transverse wire with longitudinal wires at the appropriate intersection points;

g) Repeating steps d) through f) until all the welds required to assemble such a net have been completed.

The three-dimensional construction resulting from the process according to the invention is load-resistant thanks to the interconnection of wires and the correct and accurate welding. A further feature of such structures is the regular planes in which the various transverse wires lie, thereby achieving very short distances between the longitudinal pieces to accurately fill the interior of the structure. In addition, the structure thus constructed is very accurate in dimensions, ensuring the optimal placement of panels during the construction of structures.

Other details and features of the object of the invention will become more apparent from the following description, which is cited as an example which does not limit the scope of the invention and which should be followed by the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a general schematic representation of the assembly machines used in the process according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of one assembly machine shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic view of a plan view of the machine shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 represents a side view of the machine shown in Figure 3 when the flight is in working position;

Figure 5 is a front view of a machine detail shown in Figure 2;

Figure 6 shows the details of Figure 5 during one operating phase;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the machine element shown in Figure 2;

Figure 8 shows the details of Figure 7 during a single operating phase;

Figure 9 is a schematic view along the cross-section line ΙΧ-ΙΧ of Figure 4;

Figure 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the machine detail shown in Figure 2;

Figure 11 is a schematic view of another machine detail shown in Figure 2;

Figure 12 is a plan view of the variation of the machine detail of Figure 2;

Fig. 13 is a schematic side view of the variation shown in Fig. 12;

Figure 14 shows the elements shown in Figure 12 during one working phase;

Figure 15 shows a dynamic working diagram of the machine shown in Figure 2;

Figure 16 shows a diagram of the whole machine shown in Figure 2;

Figure 17 is a schematic plan view of another machine shown in Figure 1;

18 is a view of the machine shown in FIG. 17 on the side;

Figure 19 is a group diagram of the machines shown in Figure 17;

Figure 20 is a general block diagram of operations provided by the process of the invention.

The assembly process of the present invention is intended for the manufacture of, for example, a three-dimensional metal structure 30 (Figure 2), of the type described in European patent application 821020021, published September 29, 1982.

The method is particularly suitable for mounting flat nets 36 made of steel wires with cross wires 37, and is recommended for the use of machines that allow the installation of three-dimensional structures 40.

The nets 36 consist of longitudinal wires 34 and transverse wires 35, and in the fabrication phase, prior to the assembly of the three-dimensional structure, were prepared using a flat welding device 38 (Figure 1).

The mounting machine 40 (FIG. 2) consists of a supporting structure 41 carrying nets 36, a supply block 42 from which cross wires 37 are taken to be welded with nets 36, a series of welding units 43, a block 45 for the delivery used for construction 30 at the time of assembly, as well as the receiving unit 50 (Figure 1).

This machine further provides an electronic block 57 (Figure 10) for sequential control of the various assembly and welding stages, control panel 58, pneumatic unit 59 for executing the instructions sent by unit 58, as well as a hydraulic unit for cooling electrodes for welding in assembly machines 38 and 40.

The following description applies to the load-bearing structure:

The supporting structure 41 comprises a set of pillars 79, on which is a series of transverse shafts 80, fixed in pairs at the correct distance from each other. The transverse beams 80 carry a series of horizontal bearing plates 81 over them. The distance between the plates 81 is the same and defines the average phase spacing between the straight nets 36 relative to the structure 30 already mounted.

The panels 81 (Fig. 3) are very elongated rectangular in shape and have two lateral sides 82 and 83 on their left and right sides, respectively, as shown in Fig. 4, and carry corresponding straight nets 36.

The control element 83, which has one convex section with a rectangular cross-section, is fixed on each side 82 and has a control surface 85 which can be in contact, as can be seen on the left side of the figure, with cross wires 35 from the nets 36. Surfaces 85 controls 83 and various panels 81 are in the same plane and define the vertical marking plane of the three-dimensional structure 30.

The second control element 86, which also has a single portion convex with a rectangular cross-section, is adjustably mounted on the side 83 of each panel 81 and has a control surface 87 which, as can be seen on the right side of the image, can contact the transverse ends wires 35 from net 36. The surfaces 87 of the control elements 86 lie in the same plane and define the second vertical marking plane of the three-dimensional structure 30, which is parallel to the vertical plane defined by the surfaces 85. Both marking planes are positioned to place longitudinal wires 34 in the same plane on the same side of the different nets 36, and in addition they are perpendicular to the planes of the nets 36. As shown in Figure 3, control elements 92 and 93 are attached at the front of the elements 85 and 86, consisting of convex parts with a U-shaped cross-section where these parts project from the plane 81. These elements touch the ends of the transverse wires 35 and also the ends along wire wires 34 from straight nets 36 and serve to define precisely the vertical planes for marking the structure 30 and to prevent twisting of nets 36 in this part adjacent to the inlet part of control elements 92 and 93 and adjacent to welding units 43.

The control elements 87 and the control elements 93 can be relatively moved relative to the edge 83, for example by means of a screw 94. This may change the distance between the marking planes 87 and the control elements 92 or relative to the marking plane 85, or relative to the controls 93, to define precisely the vertical planes for marking the structure 30, allowing the use of nets 36 of different widths.

There is a delivery block behind the supporting structure. Delivery block 42 is divided into two units, each of which has a magazine 101 (picture) in which the cross wires 37 are placed. These wires, thanks to gravity, fall into the exit channel 102 (picture 11), and the operation is facilitated by the operation of the eccentric 103 A device 104 is provided to allow the wires 37 to fall one by one, and then these wires are guided by tilting bars 105 and stopping at the base of these bars 105 when they reach the circumference 106. The presence of the holding wire 37 at the periphery 106, it is detected by a magnetic sensor 105, which sends the corresponding information to the control unit 57 by means of electrical signals.

There are two clamping arms 111 between the supports 41 and magazines 101 (FIG. 3), each of which is assembled by means of a parallelopiped billet, with a support point at the end and an output axis 112 of the pneumatically movable element 113. This moving element 113 is used for rotation of the tightening lever from horizontal position to vertical position. Each clamping lever is, in its horizontal position, practically aligned with the wire 37 and placed over it at the moment when that wire is stopped for a certain time at the circumference 106 and when it is located exactly along that wire. Several magnets 114 are positioned to push a wire 37 from the circumference 106 and hold it on a lever 111 aligned with the axis of that same lever.

This position remains unchanged even when the lever 111 is in the vertical position. In addition, two sensors 115 and 116 are used to detect the lever 111 in the horizontal and vertical positions and to transmit the information to the control units 57.

Opposite magazine 101 (FIGS. 2 and 3) are two pneumatic actuators 121, which have pistons 122 that can be moved in a horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the planes 85 and 86. Two corresponding mounting brackets are attached to these pistons 122. blocks 123 on which two other pneumatic actuators 124 are attached. These actuators 124 have pistons 125 that can be moved horizontally in a direction inclined at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the marking planes 85 and 86 These pistons 125 carry two pillars 126 to which are attached two corresponding sets of pneumatically actuated clips 127 that can move the wires 37 from the arms 111 and hold them in such a way that they are parallel to the pillars 126. The sensors 128 allow the presence of one to be detected. or more of the wires 37 located in these terminals 127. The supports 123 may move from pistons 122 and from the lateral position next to the magazines to the central position next to the welding units 43 and the control el. elements 92 and 93. The columns 126 may, for their part, move from pistons 125, away from the position away from magazine 101 and controls 92 and 93, to the position adjacent to arms 111 when vertically positioned. and at welding units 43.

End sensors 131 and 132 for actuators 121 detect the lateral and central positions of blocks 123, end sensors 133 of actuators 124 detect the position of pillars 126 at arms 111 and welding units 43. In addition, magnetic sensors 134 detect the presence of wires 37 on pillars 126 when held. clamps 127. Information from sensors 134 is also transmitted to control unit 57. Magazines 101 are designed to receive, each with appropriate barrier elements, two sets of cross wires 37 whose length is only slightly less than the maximum width of the magazine. Oblique rods 105, clamping arms 111, columns 126, clamps 127, and various sensors can work simultaneously with two wires 37 that are aligned with one another and are adjacent to each other. This allows the simultaneous installation of two three-dimensional structures that are slightly less than half the height of the maximum height structure.

The welding units 43 (Fig. 3) are divided into two groups, which are mounted on two panels 145 and 146. These panels are attached to the vertical posts 147 so that they can slide at the places where the posts are placed to the left and right of the controls 92 and 93 in such a way that each pair of element 92 and 93 can be joined by one pair of welding units 43.

Each unit 43 has a body 151 in the form of a hollow parallelopiped, on which are mounted a transformer 152, a pneumatic actuator 153, a movable electrode 154 and a counter electrode 155.

The movable electrode 154 is attached to the piston 157 of the actuator 153, which in turn is guided by a sleeve that isolates it from the body 151. The counter electrode 155 has an L-shaped body and is electrically connected to the body 151. The transformer 152 is partially mounted inside body 151 in the form of a parallelopiped and having a primary thread whose connectors can be attached to the power source. The secondary thread of this transformer has two terminals 159 and 160, which are connected to electrodes 154 and 155. The active part of each movable electrode 154 (Fig. 5), marked 163, has a cylinder shape and lies at a relatively higher height than the piston 157 , in that this part is connected by block 164. The active part of each electrode 155 is marked 165 and has a parallelopiped shape and protrudes upwards from the electrode 155. Within the blocks 164 of electrodes 154 and 155 there is a cooling channel having small the inlet and outlet openings 166 and 167 connected to the hydraulic unit 60.

In the idle position, parts 163 and 165 of unit 43 lie below the planes 36, while panels 145 and 146 are vertically movable relative to the pillars 147. The actuator 170 moves the welding unit 43 upward so that parts 163 and 165 are aligned with the planes of the grids. 36. Two end sensors 168 and 169 can detect this high and low position of units 43. In the variant shown in Figures 12 and 13, the welding units are mounted on two fixed plates 180. All opposite electrodes marked with 171 , have a lever arm 173 and rotate about the head 172, parallel to the piston 157. The active parts 163 of the displacement electrodes 154 are aligned with the planes of the various nets 36, while the active parts of the electrodes 171 are located below these surfaces. The arms 173 rotate about a vertical link 174, which in turn is connected to a pneumatic actuator 175.

The actuator 175 is designed to rotate the active parts 164 so that the flights are aligned with the planes of the nets 36. The sensors 168 and 169 detect in this case the corresponding high and low positions of the electrodes 171.

Block 45, the so-called delivery block (Figures 3 and 7), contains a pneumatic actuator 182, which has two pistons 183 that are movable in parallel with the control elements 92 and 93. These rods 183 have a vertical rod 184 mounted on which the L-shaped horizontal arms 185 are placed in a space between the planes of the nets 36. These arms 185 have a longitudinal portion 186 which lies in the median plane between the vertical planes of markings defined by the control elements 92 and 93.

A gear lever 190 is rotated on each part 186 by means of an axis 187 having a front tooth 191 on the lower part and a rear tooth 192. In the stationary state, this lever is in a horizontal position by gravity on the boundary element 188 of part 186. Both teeth , both 191 and 192, have at their front a corresponding virtually vertical contact edge 193 and a rear edge 194. The contact edges 193 of teeth 191 and 192 are aligned with each other in two vertical planes, the distance of which is slightly wider (for approximately 1mm for wires 0.6 mm to 0.7 mm) from half displacement of transverse wires 35 and nets 36. Actuator 189 is designed to move rod 184 and thereby levers 190 for a distance equal to half displacement transverse wires 35. The pair of end sensors 197 and 196 accurately detects the end of this stroke and transmits information to the control unit 57. The control edges 193 are designed to cooperate with the transverse wires 35 by moving the nets 36 together, simultaneously a keep the transverse wires of the various nets 36 in the same plane either before mounting the structure 30 or during the movement of the nets 36 during the welding operation.

More specifically, the control edges 193 of the teeth 191 or 192 lie in the resting position 99 or behind the transverse wires 35 of the mesh 36. Accordingly, at the time of moving the pistons 183 forward, the edges of the 193 teeth 191 or teeth 192 from the levers 190 of the mesh 36 toward the front of the machine , but this occurs at a stroke equal to half the displacement of the transverse wires 35.

During the reverse stroke, the transverse wires 35 with oblique edges 194 cause the toothed levers 190 to be raised, which can thus return the edges 193 to the transverse wires 35, due to the new delivery of the nets 36. During the two cycles, the levers 190 and the teeth act back and forth. 191 and 192 only once or only on one and the same transverse wire 35. In this way, a displacement of virtually equal to half the displacement of the transverse wires 35 in an already mounted structure 30 is obtained for the cross wires 37.

It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the receiving unit 50 comprises an inverted plate 201 having a base 202 for receiving already mounted structures and at least one area 203 that can receive a console for another structure when the assembly machine 40 mounts simultaneously two structures with reduced heights .

Unit 57, the so-called control unit 57, contains a microprocessor 210 which has a series of input-output units of the interface. The input interface receives data from sensors that detect the presence of wires and sensors that detect the end of the actuator stroke. The units of the output interface are connected to relays, and semiconductor switches can be connected to control the opening and closing of valves 212-219, which are placed between the air ducts of 225 pneumatic units and actuators 104,113,122,124, 127, 182. 169 or 175, as well as all actuators of 153 welding units 43.

The microprocessor is adapted to control the power unit 226 that connects the primary threads of the transformer 152 to the power source in the units 43. The microprocessor 210 has a program that manages the operation of various electric valves in a predetermined order and depending on the state of the various sensors. In addition, these microprocessors are coupled to a series of control elements to allow variation in welding time intervals.

The assembly process is shown in the diagram in Fig. 20 and is designed to collect the wires 37 of magazine 101 and the positioning of nets 36 (Fig. 3) on the support plates 81 in stages 211 and 212. control elements 92 and 93, while the transverse wires 35 of the first set lie in front of the control edges 193 of tooth 191.

The machine 40 is designed to work with two wires 37 or four wires in the case when two structures are mounted when these wires are already mounted on the arms 111 in a vertical position. The blocks 123 are in the respective lateral positions, and the columns 111 are removed from the arms. At this stage, control unit 57 is ready to start mounting structure 30. Pressing the start button activates actuators 182 and moves the corresponding levers 190 towards the front of the machine, causing the unmounted nets 36 to be moved simultaneously. Given that the transverse wires 35 of the first set are suitably positioned in the same plane, the longitudinal wires 34 are brought to suitable welding points.

Because the inlet of the nets 36 is pre-detected by the sensors 198, the control unit 57 activates the actuators 124 to bring the pillars 126 to the levers 111. The unit 57 controls the closing of the clamps 127 around the wires 37 and the transfer of these wires to the pillars 126. After this condition detected, unit 57 ensures that actuators 124 are actuated on the opposite side to remove pillars 126, and thus also wires from the arms 111. Unit 57 activates actuators 121, which move carrier blocks 123 toward welding points.

After checking the new position of these elements with the help of sensors 131, control unit 57 reactivates actuators 124 (Fig. 15) so that the flights bring the wires 37 directly along the longitudinal wires 34. As the pistons 125 move at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the electrodes and of wires 34, wires 37 and columns 126 can be moved without obstruction. The new position of the wires 37 is detected by sensors 133. The unit 57 at this stage causes the plates 145 and 146 to be lifted, as well as all welding units 43 or vertical links 174 (Figure 13) with the first electrodes 171, as long as the active parts of the electrodes 163 and 165 (Figure 5) does not align with the longitudinal wires 34 and does not coaxially lie with the intersections of the cross wires 37 and the longitudinal wires 34. Unit 57 also provides actuators 113 in such a way that the flights move the arms 111 to a horizontal position to allow for pickup a second pair of wires 37 (or four wires in the case of two constructions) from magazine 101.

In the next phase, unit 57 provides control of all actuators 153 in all welding units 43. As a result, the movable electrodes 154 of the cross wires 34 and 37 are brought into contact with the corresponding counter electrodes. Unit 57 then supplies the primary threads of the transformer 152 and welds wires 34 and 37 at the appropriate intersection points. While the electrodes are still holding the wires 34 and 37, the actuator unit 182 is actuated 182 so that the flights return to the rear of the machine. The levers 190 are thus reversed and, with their rear tooth 192, protruding slightly relative to the transverse wires 35 of the second string. After sensors 197 have identified such a new position of the levers 190, unit 57 causes the electrodes and terminals to open and activates actuators 180 and 135 by moving in the opposite direction to remove the electrodes from the path of the transverse wires 35. In addition, unit 57 returns the levers 111 to the vertical position. Finally, unit 57 removes the posts 126 and blocks 123 from the welding point, thereby returning the machine to its original position.

In Fig. 3, the dashed line shows the position of the blocks 123 adjacent to the welding locations with clamps 127, which are shown open and off the welding site. The extended positions of the toothed levers 190 and the nets 36 are shown in the same manner. Figure 4 shows the position of actuators 121 and 124 for the welding phase, where the wires 35 are aligned with the toothed levers 190. Figure 8 shows the positions of the units 43 during the welding phase, and the dashed line indicates the phase when the tooth 192 takes over the wires 35.

Figure 15 shows a timing diagram of welding 221, displacement of displacement electrodes 154 relative to opposite electrodes 157 and 171, as well as displacement of units 43 or electrodes 171. This diagram also shows the displacement of terminals 127, actuators 122 and 123, wires 37 at levers 105, as well as the movement of the levers 111.

The longitudinal wires 34 are unwound from the large-scale reel 240 (Fig. 1) before welding with the transverse wires 35, first being reinforced with the help of a wire-reinforcing machine 241. This known machine will not be described in detail here. Typically, it has a set of reinforcement cylinders and 242 reinforcing rollers that reinforce the wires.

During reinforcement, the wires are hardened by the unwinding and distortion effects due to the intertwining carried out at this stage. The mounting machine 38 for mounting the nets 36 has one elongated frame 245 having an inlet and an outlet area 244. The frame 245 (FIG. 17) has a series of cross shafts 246 that can hold the longitudinal wires 34. The longitudinal wires 34 are held together in a predetermined manner distances by means of guides 257 which are movable along these cross beams. In addition, in the middle part of the frame 245 there are precisely aligned alignment holders 246, which are long enough that the longitudinal wires 34 are substantially parallel to each other at the marking points, directly adjacent to the positions of the holders. The wires 34 lie practically in the same plane, the distance between these wires being very precise and with very high tolerances relative to the design requirements. Between the exit area and the holders 248 there is a device 250 for supplying the transverse wires 35 as well as the welding units 251. This device 250 is designed to position each transverse wire 35 so that it intersects with the longitudinal wires 34 and so that all the wires 35 are parallel to each other and so that each wire is as close as possible or touches wires 34 at the appropriate marking points. The apparatus 250 (FIG. 18) consists of a magazine 252 having an output channel 253 controlled by an actuator 254, several oblique bars 256, and a series of small circumferences 258. The welding unit 251 comprises a fixed electrode 260 which lies just below the wires 34 and intersects with the wires at the marked sites, as well as a series of movable electrodes 261. The active part of the electrode 261 lies substantially parallel to the active part of the electrode 260, the electrodes 261 are designed to move vertically with respect to the electrode 260 by acting actuators 262. The downward moving electrodes 261 are designed to cooperate with the transverse wire 35 and push it against the longitudinal wires 34, which are stopped by the fixed electrode 260 at the corresponding intersection points, for sequential welding of wires 34 and 35. Machine 38 it also has a delivery member 270 that can deliver longitudinal wires to electrodes 260 and 261 for a distance equal to the displacement of the transverse wires. This device contains a cross tooth 272 that moves with the chain 273 and which can trap the transverse wires 35 after welding. The travel of this tooth 272 is carefully controlled by an extension coder 275, which accurately measures the axis of movement of the axle 276 on which the pinion wheel is attached, which is fastened to the chain 271. The chain is moved by a servomechanism containing an engine 277 which is operated using this extension encoder according to a program synchronized with electrode movement 261 and wire welding. For device 250, there is a chopping device 278 that operates by means of a pneumatic element 279 and includes cutters that can precisely cut the transverse wires 35 directly adjacent to the weld locations while the wires 34 are off the grid. Due to this, the nets have very precise dimensions, which enables the exact order of the operations of the construction 30 on the machine 40.

The machine 38 allows several nets to be mounted simultaneously. Such an operation is performed using a single cross wire for several nets. These nets are then separated during the same cutting phase that follows the welding process. The different delivery phases of the mesh, the cutting and the welding are controlled from the control unit 281, which contains the microprocessor 282 (Fig. 19) and the control panel 283. The different operating phases, the delivery phase and the welding time can be programmed and synchronized in this microprocessor. Figure 20 shows a summary overview of the various assembly stages of construction 30.

During phase 29, welding and entanglement of wires 34,35 and 37 is performed, where the wires are cut off in phases 291, 292 and 293. During phases 294 and 295, wires 34 are mounted on holders 246 of machine 38, and wires 35 are placed in the corresponding magazine 252. The wires 34 and 35 are welded in phase 296 and then cut off in phase 287. After that, when the cross tooth 272 returns to the welding point during phase 298, the nets can be caught in phase 299 and placed on the supporting members plates 81 of the assembly machine 40. The cross wires 37 are collected in magazine 101 during phase 211. The assembly step 30 is then followed, in which delivery is provided, phase by phase, of the cross wires during phase 300, while the actuator 104 and the arms 111 locate the wire 37 in the middle position during phase 303.

This results in the lifting of the electrodes in phase 305, the welding in phase 306 and the return of the lever 190 in phase 307. The command for lowering the electrodes is performed in phase 309, and the installation of the mounted structure on the body 50 is carried out in phase 310.

Claims (35)

PATENT APPLICATIONS 1. A method of mounting three-dimensional metal structures, characterized in that it contains the following stages: a) preparing a series of straight nets (36) consisting of longitudinal wires (34) and transverse wires (35) which are welded with longitudinal wires and arranged at predetermined distances; b) placing nets on suitable holders (81) which hold the nets at a distance to each other in accordance with a defined depth of movement; c) aligning the nets on the marking elements in such a way that the corresponding transverse wires (35) from the different nets are brought into the same plane to define different supporting planes for the nets; d) aligning the nets with the first alignment elements to bring the longitudinal wires (34) into the same plane at least on one side of these nets to define the corresponding alignment planes of the structure; e) placing at least one cross wire (37) in such a position that it intersects with the longitudinal wires (34) or the transverse wires (35) of these nets at the corresponding intersection points, such that it is located along these longitudinal wires ( 34) or transverse wires (35); f) approach with at least one welding unit to the point where the nets intersect with the cross wire (37) in such a way that the electrodes from the welding unit are opposite the cross wires at that junction point; g) receiving crossed wires and electrodes and performing welding of wires at the intersection; h) moving the nets relative to one another and the welding units for a distance equal to the displacement of the cross wires (37) while keeping the transverse wires (35) in the same plane; i) repeating phase f) through h) for the new cross wire and the new crossing points until all the cross wires are welded to the longitudinal and transverse wires in this mesh structure. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nets are manufactured by performing the following steps: a) positioning a group of longitudinal wires (34) such that they are parallel to one another and to a predetermined distance from one another; b) placing one transverse wire (35) at right angles to this group of longitudinal wires by touching them in a suitable reference position; c) welding at certain points of intersection of longitudinal wires (34) with transverse wire (35); d) moving the longitudinal wires (34) for a distance equal to the displacement of the support plates (81); e) placing the second transverse wire (35) at right angles to the longitudinal wires (34) in a reference position and welding said transverse wire (35) with the longitudinal wires (34); f) repetition of phases d) to e) until complete welding of the net. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises an additional phase of intersection of the portion of the transverse wire (35) which lies outside the longitudinal wires (34) to accurately define the width of this mesh. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nets are aligned with the help of alignment elements, which serve to position the longitudinal wires on either side of the nets in practically parallel planes. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and second alignment members act on the severed ends of the transverse wires (35) from the net. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that holders are arranged along the horizontal planes and that the cross wires are positioned for the welding operation so that they lie in virtually vertical planes. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nets after welding with the cross wire are delivered at a distance equal to the displacement of these cross wires by means of the elements on which the cross wires (35) act. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one electrode from the pair of electrodes of the welding unit is moved in a direction parallel to the aligned planes of this structure in order to allow the electrodes opposite to the point of intersection of the longitudinal wires ( 34) and the transverse wires (37) and the welding electrodes, after welding, have been moved from the intersection to allow this net to move. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the welding of the pairs of cross wires (37) with the longitudinal wires (34) of the nets is practically parallel with the help of several pairs of welding units arranged on both sides of the net . A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the constructions can be made in pairs by means of parallel welding operations for two pairs of cross wires, where each pair of these wires is joined to one of two groups of sets of nets. 11. A method of mounting straight nets for a three-dimensional metal structure comprising a group of longitudinal wires (34) and transverse wires (35) that intersect and weld with these longitudinal wires (34), characterized in that it contains the following stages: a) placing groups of longitudinal wires (34) in alignment brackets to place these wires at least in the section of their marking so that they are substantially parallel to each other and so that an accurate distance is determined between them in accordance with the layout of the mesh longitudinal wires, with the flights being substantially in the same plane; b) placing one transverse wire (35) in such a way that it intersects with the longitudinal wires (34) so that it is adjacent to or in contact with the markings of these longitudinal wires of this group; c) welding at appropriate points of intersection of longitudinal wires (34) with this transverse wire (35) in such a way that the longitudinal wires lie substantially in the same plane with the transverse wire; d) delivering the longitudinal wires relative to the alignment holders for a distance equal to the displacement of the transverse wires so as to define a second marking section substantially identical to the previous marking section; e) positioning the second transverse wire (35) to intersect and be close to or in contact with the second section of the marking of these longitudinal wires, such that this transverse wire lies at a precisely defined distance from the previous transverse wire ; f) welding of this second transverse wire (35) with longitudinal wires (34) at the appropriate intersection points; g) repeating steps d) to f) until welding is completed. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the parts of the transverse wires (35) located outside the longitudinal wires (34) intersect at the points of application in such a way that the width of this web is precisely defined. Method according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the longitudinal wires (34) intersect at predetermined lengths defining the dimension of the length of the net. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that these longitudinal wires are removed from the corresponding reels to allow the production of nets of undefined lengths. Method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the nets are made at least in pairs, which are connected by means of transverse wires, which are then separated in the phase of cutting off parts of transverse wires located outside the longitudinal wires in each pair of nets. 16. A machine for mounting three-dimensional metal structures, comprising a series of virtually straight nets having longitudinal wires (34) and transverse wires (35), as well as several cross wires (37) which can be welded to these nets, characterized in that it contains: a) a series of holders (81) capable of holding the nets at favorable distances such that the outer longitudinal wire lies in a corresponding plane of marking of this construction; b) an element for aligning the transverse wires from these nets so as to define the corresponding bearing planes of this structure; c) a positioning device capable of distributing at least one cross wire (37) in such a way that it intersects with the nets and is adjacent to the longitudinal wires (34) lying more in the field or adjacent to the transverse wire (35) pages of these networks; d) at least one welding unit, the electrodes of which may cooperate with the cross wire (37) and the longitudinal wires (34) or the transverse wires (35) of the nets at the corresponding points of intersection; e) a device for controlling the welding of cross wires (37) with longitudinal (34) or transverse (35) wires; f) a device which allows the movement of the welding electrodes to be controlled relative to the intersections of the wires to be welded; g) a mechanism allowing the nets that are welded to the cross wires to move due to the subsequent welding of at least one more cross wire (37) with longitudinal (34) or transverse (35) wires from that network. A machine according to claim 16, characterized in that the holders comprise support plates (81) for nets and a pair of U-shaped cross-sectional end guides which serve to accurately position these longitudinal wires in positions adjacent to the electrodes for welding. A machine according to any one of claims 16 to 17, characterized in that it further comprises a first set of fixed controls that give the marking plane of this structure practically perpendicular to the plane of the grid, as well as a second part consisting of controls for defining the second marking plane of this construction, which is practically parallel to the previously defined marking plane. A machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the second set of controls can be positioned at different distances relative to the first set of fixed elements, in order to guide the nets of different widths. A machine according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the alignment element comprises several supports that lie substantially in the same plane and which can cooperate with the transverse wires (35) to define the supporting surfaces (81) of the structure . Machine according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the positioning device moves the cross wire (37) from the point of supply to the point of intersection with the longitudinal (34) or transverse (35) wires of the net. Machine according to claim 21, characterized in that the point of supply of the cross wires is on one side of a series of these nets and that the positioning device places the cross wire so that it is parallel to the supporting plane defined by the transverse wires (35) and marking planes of longitudinal wires (34). A machine according to any one of claims 21 to 22, characterized in that the positioning device comprises a lever having elements for gripping the cross wires, as well as an actuator that moves this lever by moving the cross wire from the point of supply to welding sites, using translational displacement. A machine according to any one of claims 22 to 23, characterized in that the actuator moves the lever in an oblique direction relative to the marking plane of the longitudinal wires and relative to the supporting plane of the transverse wires. Machine according to any one of claims 23 to 24, characterized in that the actuator moves the lever (111) in a direction perpendicular to the plane of marking of the longitudinal wires (34). Machine according to any one of claims 24 to 25, characterized in that the slanting actuator and the right-angle displacement actuator relative to the marking plane are pneumatic actuators. A machine according to any one of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that the welding unit comprises an off-grid main transformer body and a pair of electrodes where the first electrode protrudes from the main body and is configured to enter answering the net to cooperate with its longitudinal wire, while the second electrode is positioned to push the cross wire towards the longitudinal wire to which it is to be welded. 28. A machine according to any one of claims 16 to 27, characterized in that it has several welding units and that the electrodes of the welding units are aligned with a cross wire which must be welded to allow parallel welding of the longitudinal wires of the grid. cross wire mesh. A machine according to any one of claims 26 to 27, characterized in that the other electrodes of the welding units are associated with mechanisms for moving that unit from a resting position away from the grid when the grid is moved to a position in which performs welding. A machine according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the welding control device supplies power to these electrodes after the wires have been subjected to the pressure action of these electrodes. A machine according to any one of claims 16 to 30, characterized in that it contains a hydraulic device for cooling the welding electrodes to produce so-called cold welds. A machine according to any one of claims 16 to 31, characterized in that it has a mechanism for moving these nets of several opposing elements that cooperate with the transverse wires for the phase delivery of these nets. 33. A machine according to any one of claims 32, characterized in that these opposing members are displaced by at least one reciprocating actuator having a stroke equal to or slightly longer than the cross-wire movement. 34. A machine for mounting nets of three-dimensional metal structures, wherein each net consists of longitudinal and transverse wires, characterized in that it contains: a) an alignment holder for positioning longitudinal wires in at least one section of their marking so that they are substantially parallel to one another and with a predetermined distance between them; b) a device for placing the transverse wire in such a way that the flights intersect with the longitudinal wires in such a way that they are adjacent to or touching them in their marked section; c) a welding unit containing electrodes that cooperate with longitudinal wires and transverse wires at appropriate points of intersection for the purpose of welding these wires; d) a delivery element for the correct delivery of the longitudinal wires relative to the welding unit electrodes for a distance equal to the displacement of the transverse wires. 35. A three-dimensional metal structure, characterized in that it comprises a series of nets having longitudinal wires and transverse wires welded in different strands by these longitudinal wires and by multiple cross wires welded with longitudinal wires of the mesh in order to maintain the distance between these nets according to a certain depth displacement, where a distortion effect is visible on these longitudinal wires as a result of reinforcement and entanglement, where the displacement of the transverse wires in the different strands of each grid is the same with very high tolerances, marked displacement, such as in the mounted structure transverse wires from different nets belonging to the same set, arranged to lie practically in the same plane, with very high tolerances, as well as the supporting planes of the structure and the most separated longitudinal wires in different nets in the same plane, with very high tolerances where they lie these planes are practically perpendicular to the planes.