SE8901361A0 - Ways to modify a binder - Google Patents

Abstract

Attempted to modify a binder to adapt it to increase the reaction capacity with other materials. The binder comprises silica, which on its own edge is loosened and regenerated to form a. hardened or polymerized body, ie a so-called polymeric silicate of the main type which in principle comprises water glass and quartz (SiO 2) finely divided form, and with the addition of an active silicon compound in the form of highly dispersed, finely divided, amorphous / polymer SiO in a quantity between 3-5% by weight, b, calculated on the combined dry weight of the constituents, and a water-absorbing and hardening agent, such as sodium hexafluorosilicate. The kit according to the invention consists in pre- or during all or parts of the curing or polymerization of the binder, its anion cation content and / or distribution is changed in relation to the material or materials to be bound by the binder, or conversely the material or materials to be changed bound by the binder, anion cation content and / or distribution or that a combination of these itguards is taken. Said anion cation content is adjusted so that substantially no excess of said anion cation content is present after curing or polymerization.

Description

It has now surprisingly been found that the hardening properties of both the pulp and other important properties of the hardened or polymerized casting compound can be affected in the desired direction by changes in the original casting mass - pre-hardening or polymerization - anionic. cation content and / or distribution thereof during all or part of the curing or polymerization process.

This surprising discovery has in turn led to a variety of materials and material combinations together with said polymeric silicate being evaluated and analyzed - as will be seen in more detail below - which would not have been possible without obtaining the use of the present invention or had completely different properties. -.

The present invention is thus based on the insight that the reaction of said polymerizable silicate - before curing or polymerization - with other materials depends on the content of anions and cations and / or the distribution thereof and that this content does not in itself change the chemistry of the materials but their choice. mutual bonds in the form of adhesion, structure.

It follows that the present invention provides extremely great opportunities to utilize said polymeric silicate as a binder in a large number of cases where bonding without incarnation of the invention had been made impossible or made more difficult.

The invention is described in more detail below in connection with a number of examples. in which various influencing factors have been tried and found to affect the polymerizing silicate before and during curing.

The basic methodology for the examples below is that the ionic charge of the casting compound / binder. the content of anions-cations, and / or the distribution between them changes before curing or polymerization in the binder and / or on the material or materials to be bound by the binder. In a first example, a low DC voltage of the order of about 10-25 was applied to the formation of integrated networks and the voltage of the molecular chains across the binder via electrodes. stuck in the binder or 'connected to the binder, whereby the distribution of the existing anion cations was changed and the solidification time of the binder was shortened by about 75%.

In a second example, about 2-6 h of weak acids were added. for example formic acid. tannic acid, attic acid. ascorbic acid. oxalic. forsforsyra et al. to the binder, whereby the content of anions-cations was changed so that the content of cations was greatly increased and resulted in the solidification time being shortened by about 50-9094. The oxalic acid was also noted to improve the mechanical properties of the polymerized binder, especially its compressive strength increased.

In a third example, material was added about 240% to the binder in the form of granulated slag, phosphate, glass in the form of crushed, fibers and spheres and acidic cellulose fibers up to about 75% reduced the bonding time of the binder by about 50-90t, the phosphate also increased the polymerized the tensile strength of the adhesive by about 50%. In addition, the acidic cellulose fibers increased the tensile strength of the polymer by about 100% and reduced its thermal conductivity and heat capacity by about 50%.

Additives about 2-5 tt in the form of active metal oxides, for example zinc and magnesium oxide. reduced the solidification time of the binder by about 50%.

In a fourth example, untreated or galvanized steel fibers were added to the binder in amounts of about 4%. The galvanized steel fibers gave a better result in the polymerized binder, among other things due to the fact that they do not rust in the cut surface and that its surface coating is particularly rich in ions.

Such additives not only increased the strength properties of the polymerized binder - as before in other contexts - but they also shortened the solidification time by about 30% and surprisingly improved the adhesion to other metals and metal alloys, various steel alloys and mod. Aluminum Surprisingly, the properties of other material surfaces, such as stainless steel and aluminum, also changed against the polymerized binder ". Advantageously, it also turned out to be usable. with scarlet oil-contaminated steel chips, constituting waste materials from Spanish-cut processing. the spun fibers added to the polymerizing silicate also reduced the coefficient of friction of the polymerized binder.

Additions to the binder in the form of steel wool and / or polypropylene cloth gave, in addition to the above-mentioned improved properties, a better distribution of such surface cracks, which occur at larger point loads on the polymerized binder and especially with said cloth there was strong mutual material migration with resulting strong interrelationships. In a fifth example, glass fibers in the form of mat and rowing were added to the polymerizing binder, thereby shortening the solidification time by about 30% and increasing the adhesion to glass, for example, and improving the mechanical properties of the polymerized binder, especially compressive strength, tensile strength and cohesiveness.

Natural fibers of cellulose, for example reeds, straw, cellulose zero fibers. nassla. linen, and also animals in the form of have reduced, among other things, the solidification time and increased the impact strength and cohesiveness of the polymerized binder.

Additions in the form of about 2% phosphates to the polymerizing binder increased the compressive strength and cohesiveness of the polymerized binder by about 50%. Addition of strongly cation-charged substances of the type perborates, spirits, aromatic solvents has also been tested and gave faster oxidation and thereby better adhesion to adjoining material surfaces. In another example, graphite was added. microbalions or talistan granules. whereby the abrasiveness of the polymerized binder. polishability and machinability with edge tools increased. The added bitumen was made to the polymerizing binder. which had the effect, among other things, that cutting machining and cutting by repairing it. polymerized binder almost impossible. In addition, bitumen acted as a pre-compressed filler and filled in the polymerized binder any resulting microcracks.

Additives to the polymerizing binder of steel and glass materials not only improve the mechanical properties as above, but these additives increase both external and internal adhesion and the properties of opposite material surfaces due to ion migrations.

In a seventh example, experiments were made with the addition of metals with a different galvanic stress than the metal against which adhesion is to be effected by means of the polymerizing binder. Examples of metal additives are stainless steel. steel. or aluminum, zinc against copper, etc. In addition, the adhesion of the binder was considerably increased. Furthermore, various organic plastics with different ionic stresses were tested on the plastic material against which adhesion is to be provided, such as additives to the polymerizing binder, the adhesion increasing due to ion migration. Various solvents with a different ionic voltage than the polymerizing binder were added, increasing the adhesion by the action of the organic plastic material against which adhesion is achieved. In a further experiment, organic plastics containing the substances were added to the binder, the properties of which are transferred in whole or in part by means of charged ions to others. opposite material layers. for example plasticizers. A similar effect is achieved by adding steel to the polymerizing binder, which when applied to a corroded metal surface reduces the oxide present thereon, thereby stopping further corrosion.

In an eighth example, the hygrosity of the polymerizing binder was altered by the addition of volatile soluble materials, for example maleic resin in spirits. bitumen in aromatic solvents. Furthermore, additives of such emulsions were tested. which were characterized in that the amount of water contained in the emulsion did not cooperate with the water in the polymerizing binder, examples of such an emulsion being polyvinyl acetate emulsion. In the basic embodiment, the polymerizing binder is susceptible to cold due to the constituent water, but by adding, for example, about 2% ethyl glycol, the binder became frost-resistant down to -15 degrees Celsius. In a ninth example, uncured organic hard plastics were added to the polymerizing binder. which cured in parallel with the polymerizing binder, whereby, among other things, the curing time was shortened.

Examples of such hard plastics are acrylates. phenolic resin, epoxy, etc. Emulsions with organic plastics have also been added to the polymerizing binder, examples of such emulsions being acrylic, latex. artificial rubber and other piston teams. In a tenth example, aluminum silicate and / or zirconia were added to the polymerizing binder. whereby the sintering temperature of the polymerized binder was raised approx. 5-600 degrees Celsius.

Additions of surfactants to the polymerizing binder and heating resulted in cell formation in the polymerized binder with meaning. that the polymerized binder had an increased thermal insulation capacity.

In an eleventh example, the ion migration shape of the polymerizing binder was altered by additives which increased the electrical conductivity, for example with graphite, with metals in the form of fibers, wool, granules, magnetite or the like. and by additives which reduced the electrical conductivity, for example synthetic rubber, neoprene, EPDM, butyl or bitumen rubber.

In a twelfth example, the adhesion of the polymeric silicate to other material surfaces was reduced or eliminated by coating the latter surfaces with highly cation-charged substances. for example, highly refined fats. A faster surface hardening of the polymerized silicate was obtained when said fat was mixed with acid, for example phosphoric acid. in a thirteenth example, low-frequency sound waves were piled within the curable frequency range, whereby the distribution and concentration in different parts of the aniomation content were changed in the polymerizing binder, whereby, among other things, the curing or polymerization time was shortened. Similar conditions and results were obtained when applying high frequency microwaves to the polymerizing binder.

Claims (8)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 A patent of 1, is intended to modify an adhesive to adapt it to increase the reactivity with other materials, which adhesive comprises silica, which on its own edge is set loose and re-formed to form a cured or polymerized body, i.e. a so-called polymeric silicate of the main type which in principle comprises water glass and quartz (SiO2l in finely divided form. and with the addition of an active silicon compound in the form of highly dispersed. f divided, amorphous / polymer SiO2 before curing or polymerization in a quantity between 3-5% by weight , calculated on the total dry weight of the constituents, and a water-absorbing and curing agent, such as, for example, sodium hexafluorosilicate, characterized by the fact that before or during all or part of the curing or polymerization of the binder, its anion cation content and / or distribution in relation to the material or materials to be bound by the binder, or vice versa or the materials. which is to be bound by the binder, anion cation content and / or distribution or that a combination of these actions is taken and that said anion cation content is adjusted so that substantially no excess of said anion cation content is present after barding or polymerization. Set according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more types of acids were added to the binder in such an appropriate quantity before curing or polymerization and / or to the other materials. with which the binder is to react. before contact with the adhesive. that there is substantially no excess ionic content after curing or polymerization. Set according to claim 1, k a n n e t e c k n a t of one or more types of basic materials. for example, crystalline soda, the binder was added in the appropriate quantity before curing or polymerization and / or to the other materials with which the binder is to react. make contact with the binder. that there is essentially no excess ionic content after curing or polymerization. Set according to claim 1, k a n n e t e c k n a t of one or more types of aromatic solvents. for example trichlorethylene. the binder was added in such an appropriate quantity for curing or polymerization and / or to the other materials. with which the binder is to react. before contact with the binder, that there is essentially no excess ionic content after nardification or polymerization. 4. Kil lÛ 15 20 2 5. A set according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more types of surfactants or vegetable oils were added to the binder in such an appropriate quantity of hardening or polymerization and / or to the other materials. with which the binder is to react. prior to contact with the binder, that there is substantially no excess ionic content after curing or polymerization. Set according to one of the preceding claims 2-5. i k a n n e t e c k n a t of a combination of different types of acids. lye, aromatic solvents, surfactants and vegetable oils were added to the binder in such an appropriate quantity before nourishment or polymerization and / or to the other materials with which the binder is to react. make contact with the binder. that there is substantially no excess ionic content after curing or polymerization. 7. A set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said anion cation content and / or distribution is other or affected in the binder or on the other material or materials with which the binder is to react. by applying a suitable electrical voltage before curing or polymerization. Set according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anionic ion content and / or distribution is altered or influenced by applying wave motions with adapted frequency, suitably within the audible frequency range. 10 15 20 Abstract Set to modify a binder to adapt it to increase the reactivity of the material with other materials. The binder comprises silica, which on its own edge dissolves and regenerates to form a hardened or polymerized body, i.e. a so-called polymeric silicate of the main type which in principle includes water glass and quartz (SiO2) in finely divided form, and with the addition of an active silicon compound in the form of a highly dispersed, finely divided, amorphous / polymer SiO2 hardening or polymerization in a quantity of between 3% by weight, calculated on the total dry weight of the constituents. and a water-absorbing and curing agent, such as, for example, sodium hexafluorosilicate. The method according to the invention consists in that before or during all or parts of the curing or polymerization of the binder, its anionic cation content and / or distribution in relation to the material or materials to be bound by the binder is changed, or conversely the material or materials are changed. to be bound by the binder, anion cation content and / or distribution or that a combination of these measures is taken. Name anion cation content is adjusted so that substantially no excess of said anion cation content is present after nardation or polymerization.