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SE8503569L - DEVICE OF A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT INCLUDING A PRESSURE FLUID BELL AND AT LEAST A HYDRAULIC ENGINE - Google Patents

DEVICE OF A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT INCLUDING A PRESSURE FLUID BELL AND AT LEAST A HYDRAULIC ENGINE

Info

Publication number
SE8503569L
SE8503569L SE8503569A SE8503569A SE8503569L SE 8503569 L SE8503569 L SE 8503569L SE 8503569 A SE8503569 A SE 8503569A SE 8503569 A SE8503569 A SE 8503569A SE 8503569 L SE8503569 L SE 8503569L
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
actuator
meter
valve
hydraulic
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
SE8503569A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE8503569D0 (en
SE455637B (en
Inventor
R H Breeden
H D Taylor
R G Farrell
K R Lonnemo
Original Assignee
Sperry Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/024,058 external-priority patent/US4201052A/en
Application filed by Sperry Corp filed Critical Sperry Corp
Publication of SE8503569D0 publication Critical patent/SE8503569D0/en
Publication of SE8503569L publication Critical patent/SE8503569L/en
Publication of SE455637B publication Critical patent/SE455637B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/42—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic involving adjustment of a pump or motor with adjustable output or capacity
    • F16H61/433—Pump capacity control by fluid pressure control means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/044—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the return line, i.e. "meter out"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F15B2211/20553—Type of pump variable capacity with pilot circuit, e.g. for controlling a swash plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/31—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3144—Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/32—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329—Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/35—Directional control combined with flow control
    • F15B2211/351—Flow control by regulating means in feed line, i.e. meter-in control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40515—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with variable throttles or orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41527—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to an output member and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/42—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/428—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/46—Control of flow in the return line, i.e. meter-out control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5156—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a return line and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/555—Pressure control for assuring a minimum pressure, e.g. by using a back pressure valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/605—Load sensing circuits
    • F15B2211/6051—Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit
    • F15B2211/6054—Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit using shuttle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/61—Secondary circuits
    • F15B2211/613—Feeding circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/635—Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements
    • F15B2211/6355—Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements having valve means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/75—Control of speed of the output member

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

A hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic actuator (20) having opposed openings (A, B) each adapted to alternately function as inlets and outlets for moving the element (21) of the actuator in opposite directions and a variable displacement pump system (22) with load-sensing control for supplying fluid to said actuator. A meter-in valve (27) is provided to which the fluid from the pump system is supplied and a pilot controller (23) alternately supplies fluid at pilot pressure to the meter-in valve for controlling the direction and displacement of movement of the meter-in valve and the direction and velocity of the actuator. A pair of service passages (32, 33) extends from the meter-in valve to the respective openings of the actuator and a meter-out valve (34, 35) is associated with each service passage to the actuator for controlling the flow out of the actuator when that service passage to the actuator does not have pressure fluid from the pump applied thereto. Each meter-out valve is pilot- operated by the pilot pressure from the controller (23).
SE8503569A 1979-03-26 1985-07-23 DEVICE ON A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT SE455637B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/024,058 US4201052A (en) 1979-03-26 1979-03-26 Power transmission
US11793680A 1980-02-04 1980-02-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE8503569D0 SE8503569D0 (en) 1985-07-23
SE8503569L true SE8503569L (en) 1985-07-23
SE455637B SE455637B (en) 1988-07-25

Family

ID=26697984

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE8002302A SE443409B (en) 1979-03-26 1980-03-25 VALVE DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF THE FUNCTION OF A HYDRAULIC ENGINE
SE8503569A SE455637B (en) 1979-03-26 1985-07-23 DEVICE ON A HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE8002302A SE443409B (en) 1979-03-26 1980-03-25 VALVE DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF THE FUNCTION OF A HYDRAULIC ENGINE

Country Status (10)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6479405A (en)
AU (1) AU536970B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1142057A (en)
DE (1) DE3011088A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2452618A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2044366B (en)
IN (1) IN154913B (en)
IT (2) IT1221037B (en)
NO (1) NO155211C (en)
SE (2) SE443409B (en)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4345435A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-08-24 Sperry Corporation Power transmission
US4353289A (en) * 1980-05-29 1982-10-12 Sperry Corporation Power transmission
FI72579C (en) * 1981-11-12 1987-06-08 Vickers Inc Transmission.
DE3347000A1 (en) * 1983-12-24 1985-07-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Electrohydraulic arrangement for controlling a double-acting hydraulic motor
CA1234529A (en) * 1984-04-30 1988-03-29 Vinod K. Nanda Power transmission
LU85774A1 (en) * 1985-02-13 1985-07-24 Hydrolux Sarl STEUERBLOCK HYDRAULISCHER
DE3629479A1 (en) * 1985-09-03 1987-07-16 Barmag Barmer Maschf Directional control valve
DE3841507C1 (en) * 1988-01-22 1989-06-29 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg, Dk
US5088384A (en) * 1989-08-30 1992-02-18 Vickers, Incorporated Hydraulic actuator controlled by meter-in valves and variable pressure relief valves
DE4342487B4 (en) * 1993-12-13 2005-03-31 Linde Ag Hydrostatic drive system with after-suction valve
DE10216958B8 (en) * 2002-04-17 2004-07-08 Sauer-Danfoss (Nordborg) A/S Hydraulic control
US20060168955A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-03 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Apparatus for hydraulically energizing down hole mechanical systems
US10208456B2 (en) * 2013-10-31 2019-02-19 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab Flow control valve for construction equipment, having floating function

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE26028E (en) * 1963-05-16 1966-05-17 Pilot operated control valve mechanism
US3411536A (en) * 1966-07-06 1968-11-19 Koehring Co Pilot operated control valve mechanism
GB1302742A (en) * 1969-04-07 1973-01-10
DE1936370A1 (en) * 1969-07-17 1971-02-04 Volkswagenwerk Ag Valve unit for controlling double-acting working cylinders
DE2232857C2 (en) * 1972-07-05 1983-11-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Control device for a hydraulically driven implement
CH563532A5 (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-06-30 Buehler Ag Geb
SE387415B (en) * 1974-03-22 1976-09-06 Tedeco Ag FLUID VALVE DEVICE
DE2500096C3 (en) * 1975-01-03 1984-08-02 Sauer Getriebe KG, 2350 Neumünster Hydraulic circuit device for pressure medium path control with constant control of the pressure medium flow for a double-acting hydraulic motor
US3991571A (en) * 1976-03-15 1976-11-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Fluid system of a work vehicle having fluid combining means and signal combining means
JPS5482574A (en) * 1977-12-13 1979-06-30 Kobe Steel Ltd Control circuit of actuator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU536970B2 (en) 1984-05-31
FR2452618A1 (en) 1980-10-24
SE8503569D0 (en) 1985-07-23
NO800846L (en) 1980-09-29
IT8948200A0 (en) 1989-07-18
GB2044366A (en) 1980-10-15
IN154913B (en) 1984-12-22
SE8002302L (en) 1980-09-27
GB2044366B (en) 1983-08-03
NO155211C (en) 1987-02-25
NO155211B (en) 1986-11-17
DE3011088A1 (en) 1980-10-09
AU5682480A (en) 1980-10-02
IT1221037B (en) 1990-06-21
IT8048246A0 (en) 1980-03-24
FR2452618B1 (en) 1984-02-24
SE443409B (en) 1986-02-24
CA1142057A (en) 1983-03-01
SE455637B (en) 1988-07-25
IT1232358B (en) 1992-01-28
JPS6479405A (en) 1989-03-24

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