SE8100889L - Markvarnande anordning for flygplan - Google Patents
Markvarnande anordning for flygplanInfo
- Publication number
- SE8100889L SE8100889L SE8100889A SE8100889A SE8100889L SE 8100889 L SE8100889 L SE 8100889L SE 8100889 A SE8100889 A SE 8100889A SE 8100889 A SE8100889 A SE 8100889A SE 8100889 L SE8100889 L SE 8100889L
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- signal
- glide
- detector
- warning
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft
- G08G5/20—Arrangements for acquiring, generating, sharing or displaying traffic information
- G08G5/21—Arrangements for acquiring, generating, sharing or displaying traffic information located onboard the aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
- G01C5/005—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels altimeters for aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft
- G08G5/50—Navigation or guidance aids
- G08G5/54—Navigation or guidance aids for approach or landing
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Claims (1)
1. Potentkrov anordning (52) or ansluten till varningsdetektorerna och inrattad att verksamgbras nar flygfarkosten Overskrider de fbrutbestamda driftkriterierna. Varningsinstrument inrattat att gbra piloten i en flygfarkost uppmarksam pA ett tillstAnd as ej dnskad narhet till marken vid en flygplats, som Sr utrustad med en sandare fbr glidbaneradiostrAle, silken strAle innefattar giltig och synbarligen giltig stignings- och sjunkningsinformation, varvid instrumentet innefattar en i flygfarkosten fOrefintlig mottagare (37), som Sr pAverkbar i beroende as glidbaneradiostrAlen for alstring as en signal (Gil) som representerar riktningen och storleken has vinkelavvikelse fir flygfarkostens lage Over eller under den medelst glidbaneradiostrAlen bestamda glidbanan, en i beroende as signalen frAn nottagaren (37) pAverkbar detektor (87) for detektering as en, en avvikelse under glidbanan indikerande avvikelsesignal, som representerar ett tillstAnd under glidbanan Overstigande ett faststallt varde, varvid detektorn or anordnad att alstra en, en yarning om att flygfarkosten befinner sig under glidbanan initierande signal, och en hbjdsignalka1la (26) fir al string as en signal, som representerar flygfarkostens hiijd, en i beroende as hbjdsignalkallan (26) paverkbar konditioneringskrets (88-91) inrattad att som funktion as hbjden variera det faststallda vardet fir tillstAndet under glidbanan for att konditionera detektorn (87) till att alstra den en yarning on att flygfarkosten befinner sig under Olidbanan initierande signalen, en kretsanordning (86) inrattad att, nar flygfarkosten befinner sig under en firutbestamd hejd, inhibera den en yarning om att flygfarkosten befinner sig under glidbanan ini tie 'e signal en, och retsanordning (52) som Sr kopplad fir att vara pAverkbar Jeroende as den e, arming om att flygfarkosten befinner Yarning.- tilletandsdetektoror Negativ stigning after start Sakerhetsmarginal till Alit for hog sjunkningehaetighet Alit fdr hog haetighet not marken Under glidbanan Barometerhdjdmatare Hdjoimatare Glidbanemottagare Vingklaffar Landningsstall Givare fbr flygplans- tillsand FIG. I Yarning
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/480,727 US3946358A (en) | 1974-06-19 | 1974-06-19 | Aircraft ground proximity warning instrument |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8100889L true SE8100889L (sv) | 1981-02-09 |
SE422715B SE422715B (sv) | 1982-03-22 |
Family
ID=23909109
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE7506677A SE418720B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1975-06-11 | Varningsinstrument for flygfarkoster |
SE7808631A SE424624B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1978-08-15 | Varningsinstrument i flygfarkost |
SE8100889A SE422715B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Varningsinstrument i en flygfarkost |
SE8100891A SE449598B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Markvarnande instrument for flygplan |
SE8100892A SE449599B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Markvarnande instrument for flygplan |
SE8100890A SE422671B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Varningsinstrument i flygfarkost |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE7506677A SE418720B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1975-06-11 | Varningsinstrument for flygfarkoster |
SE7808631A SE424624B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1978-08-15 | Varningsinstrument i flygfarkost |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8100891A SE449598B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Markvarnande instrument for flygplan |
SE8100892A SE449599B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Markvarnande instrument for flygplan |
SE8100890A SE422671B (sv) | 1974-06-19 | 1981-02-09 | Varningsinstrument i flygfarkost |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3946358A (sv) |
JP (2) | JPS5934560B2 (sv) |
AU (2) | AU499009B2 (sv) |
CA (1) | CA1043005A (sv) |
DE (2) | DE2559952C3 (sv) |
FR (2) | FR2309939A1 (sv) |
GB (2) | GB1488744A (sv) |
IT (1) | IT1040627B (sv) |
SE (6) | SE418720B (sv) |
Families Citing this family (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3946358A (en) * | 1974-06-19 | 1976-03-23 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Aircraft ground proximity warning instrument |
JPS5174333A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-06-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Sharyoni okeru keihosochi |
US3947810A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1976-03-30 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Negative climb rate after take-off warning system with predetermined loss of altitude inhibit |
US4016565A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1977-04-05 | Rockwell International Corporation | Aircraft ground closure rate filtering method and means |
US4071894A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1978-01-31 | Rockwell International Corporation | Profile warning generator with anticipation of warning condition |
FR2343223A1 (fr) * | 1976-07-01 | 1977-09-30 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | Filtrage des alarmes dans un systeme de surveillance de la proximite du sol |
US4060793A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1977-11-29 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Excessive sink rate warning system for aircraft |
US4030065A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1977-06-14 | Sundstrand Corporation | Terrain clearance warning system for aircraft |
JPS544172U (sv) * | 1977-06-11 | 1979-01-11 | ||
US4224669A (en) * | 1977-12-22 | 1980-09-23 | The Boeing Company | Minimum safe altitude monitoring, indication and warning system |
US4215334A (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1980-07-29 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Aircraft excessive descent rate warning system |
US4189777A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1980-02-19 | The Bendix Corporation | Ground proximity warning system with means for altering warning threshold in accordance with wind shear |
US4319218A (en) * | 1980-01-04 | 1982-03-09 | Sundstrand Corporation | Negative climb after take-off warning system with configuration warning means |
US4495483A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1985-01-22 | Sundstrand Corporation | Ground proximity warning system with time based mode switching |
US4433323A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1984-02-21 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Ground proximity warning system with time and altitude based mode switching |
US4684948A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1987-08-04 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Ground proximity warning system having modified terrain closure rate warning on glide slope approach |
US4567483A (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1986-01-28 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Position based ground proximity warning system for aircraft |
NZ207653A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1987-11-27 | Sundstrand Data Control | Excessive descent rate warning system for aircraft |
US4951047A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1990-08-21 | Sunstrand Data Control, Inc. | Negative climb after take-off warning system |
US4639730A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1987-01-27 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Excessive terrain closure warning system |
CA1234417A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1988-03-22 | Noel S. Paterson | System for alerting a pilot of a dangerous flight profile during low level maneuvering |
US4939513A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1990-07-03 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | System for alerting a pilot of a dangerous flight profile during low level maneuvering |
US5001476A (en) * | 1983-05-13 | 1991-03-19 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Warning system for tactical aircraft |
US4818992A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1989-04-04 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Excessive altitude loss after take-off warning system for rotary wing aircraft |
US4551723A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1985-11-05 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Excessive descent rate warning system for rotary wing aircraft |
US4980684A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1990-12-25 | Sundstrand Data Controls, Inc. | Warning system for tactical rotary wing aircraft |
US5220322A (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1993-06-15 | Sundstrand Corporation | Ground proximity warning system for use with aircraft having egraded performance |
IL75701A0 (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1985-11-29 | Sundstrand Data Control | Ground proximity warning system for aircraft |
US5187478A (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1993-02-16 | Sundstrand Corporation | Configuration responsive descent rate warning system for aircraft |
CA1243117A (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1988-10-11 | Michael M. Grove | Altitude loss after take-off warning system utilizing time and altitude |
CA1243118A (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1988-10-11 | Michael M. Grove | Aircraft terrain closure warning system with descent rate based envelope modification |
CA1243405A (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1988-10-18 | Michael M. Grove | Configuration responsive descent rate warning system for aircraft |
IL77860A0 (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-09-30 | Sundstrand Data Control | Ground proximity warning system for aircraft |
US4947164A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1990-08-07 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Flight path responsive aircraft wind shear alerting and warning system |
US4916448A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-04-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Low altitude warning system for aircraft |
US5136512A (en) * | 1988-06-26 | 1992-08-04 | Cubic Defense Systems, Inc. | Ground collision avoidance system |
US5260702A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1993-11-09 | Thompson Keith P | Aircraft information system |
US5166682A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1992-11-24 | Sundstrand Corporation | Ground proximity warning instrument utilizing glideslope modulation of excessive descent rate envelope |
US5225829A (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1993-07-06 | Sundstrand Corporation | Independent low airspeed alert |
US5406487A (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1995-04-11 | Tanis; Peter G. | Aircraft altitude approach control device |
US5666110A (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1997-09-09 | Paterson; Noel S. | Helicopter enhanced descent after take-off warning for GPWS |
US5745053A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-04-28 | Fleming, Iii; Hoyt A. | Landing gear warning apparatus and method for pilots approaching a runway with retracted landing gear |
US6043758A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 2000-03-28 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Terrain warning system |
US6008742A (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 1999-12-28 | Groves; Duane | Aircraft landing gear warning system |
JP4551562B2 (ja) | 1998-10-16 | 2010-09-29 | ユニバーサル エイビーアニクス システムズ コーポレイション | 飛行計画目的警報システムおよび方法 |
US6421603B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2002-07-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Hazard detection for a travel plan |
WO2002059547A2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2002-08-01 | Honeywell International Inc. | Egpws cutoff altitude for helicopters |
EP1407226A1 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2004-04-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Pitch angle alerting device for ground proximity warning systems (gpws) |
GB2387912A (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-10-29 | Messier Dowty Inc | Monitoring parameters in structural components |
US7633410B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2009-12-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Wireless assisted recovery systems and methods |
US7274309B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2007-09-25 | Nance C Kirk | Aircraft landing gear initial touch-down velocity monitor |
US7274310B1 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2007-09-25 | Nance C Kirk | Aircraft landing gear kinetic energy monitor |
US7209053B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2007-04-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | System and method for displaying validity of airport visual approach slope indicators |
US7633430B1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-12-15 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Terrain awareness system with false alert suppression |
US8042765B1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2011-10-25 | Nance C Kirk | Aircraft landing gear compression rate monitor |
FR2938683B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-14 | 2012-06-15 | Airbus France | Procede et systeme d'evitement de terrain pour un aeronef |
RU2449923C1 (ru) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-10 | Открытое акционерное общество Московский научно-производственный комплекс "Авионика" имени О.В. Успенского (ОАО МНПК "Авионика") | Система автоматического управления самолетом при заходе на посадку |
RU2449922C1 (ru) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-10 | Открытое акционерное общество Московский научно-производственный комплекс "Авионика" имени О.В. Успенского (ОАО МНПК "Авионика") | Способ автоматического управления самолетом при заходе на посадку |
US8554396B2 (en) * | 2012-01-03 | 2013-10-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Systems and methods for issuing a hard landing warning and providing maintenance advisories for hard landing incidents |
US9284047B2 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-03-15 | Goodrich Corporation | Routings for articulated landing gear |
US10089634B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2018-10-02 | C Kirk Nance | Method to recover non-recognized errors in aircraft weight determinations to increase weight and center of gravity limitations for regulated aircraft |
US9751636B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-09-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dynamic detection of landing gear deployment |
FR3072490B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-11-08 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) | Systeme et procede d'aide a l'atterrissage d'un aeronef |
US20240411323A1 (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2024-12-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Avionic System and Method for Selectively Preventing and Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System Alert Mode from Generating an Alert |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB866125A (en) | 1958-07-16 | 1961-04-26 | Secr Aviation | Improvements in or relating to warning devices for aircraft |
US3052427A (en) * | 1960-07-08 | 1962-09-04 | Sperry Rand Corp | Flare-out system for aircraft |
US3169730A (en) * | 1962-11-01 | 1965-02-16 | Sperry Rand Corp | Flight control system |
US3355733A (en) * | 1964-10-19 | 1967-11-28 | Bell Aerospace Corp | Designated area instrument landing system |
US3327973A (en) * | 1965-06-14 | 1967-06-27 | Lear Siegler Inc | Automatic landing pitch axis control system for aircraft |
GB1178842A (en) * | 1966-01-29 | 1970-01-21 | Elliott Brothers London Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the Control of Aircraft |
US3743221A (en) * | 1970-04-09 | 1973-07-03 | Lear Siegler Inc | Aircraft flight control apparatus |
US3652835A (en) * | 1970-05-14 | 1972-03-28 | Sperry Rand Corp | Aircraft glide slope coupler system |
US3715718A (en) * | 1970-08-11 | 1973-02-06 | Sundstrand Data Control | Ground proximity warning system utilizing radio and barometric altimeter combination |
US3658280A (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1972-04-25 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Altitude and glide slope track controller |
US3757338A (en) * | 1971-02-05 | 1973-09-04 | Bendix Corp | Glide slope lock-out network |
US3847328A (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1974-11-12 | Boeing Co | Automatic go-around control system for aircraft |
US3801049A (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1974-04-02 | Boeing Co | Automatic approach landing and go-around pitch axis control system for aircraft |
US3860800A (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1975-01-14 | Boeing Co | Automatic pitch axis control system for aircraft |
US3946358A (en) | 1974-06-19 | 1976-03-23 | Sundstrand Data Control, Inc. | Aircraft ground proximity warning instrument |
-
1974
- 1974-06-19 US US05/480,727 patent/US3946358A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-06-11 SE SE7506677A patent/SE418720B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-06-13 AU AU82128/75A patent/AU499009B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-17 CA CA229,500A patent/CA1043005A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-18 DE DE2559952A patent/DE2559952C3/de not_active Expired
- 1975-06-18 FR FR7519138A patent/FR2309939A1/fr active Granted
- 1975-06-18 IT IT50109/75A patent/IT1040627B/it active
- 1975-06-18 DE DE2527056A patent/DE2527056C3/de not_active Expired
- 1975-06-19 GB GB26061/75A patent/GB1488744A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-19 GB GB8270/76A patent/GB1488745A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-06-19 JP JP50073848A patent/JPS5934560B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-12-31 FR FR7540307A patent/FR2289980A1/fr active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-08-15 SE SE7808631A patent/SE424624B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-12-18 AU AU42665/78A patent/AU511815B2/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-02-09 SE SE8100889A patent/SE422715B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-09 SE SE8100891A patent/SE449598B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-09 SE SE8100892A patent/SE449599B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-09 SE SE8100890A patent/SE422671B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-07-31 JP JP57134616A patent/JPS5861100A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE449599B (sv) | 1987-05-11 |
SE8100890L (sv) | 1981-02-09 |
GB1488744A (en) | 1977-10-12 |
SE422715B (sv) | 1982-03-22 |
GB1488745A (en) | 1977-10-12 |
JPS5861100A (ja) | 1983-04-11 |
DE2527056A1 (de) | 1976-01-02 |
SE7808631L (sv) | 1978-08-15 |
JPS5114699A (en) | 1976-02-05 |
DE2527056C3 (de) | 1979-10-11 |
SE418720B (sv) | 1981-06-22 |
AU499009B2 (en) | 1979-04-05 |
SE8100891L (sv) | 1981-02-09 |
JPS5934560B2 (ja) | 1984-08-23 |
SE422671B (sv) | 1982-03-22 |
DE2527056B2 (de) | 1979-02-15 |
FR2289980B1 (sv) | 1979-05-04 |
SE424624B (sv) | 1982-08-02 |
FR2309939B1 (sv) | 1980-07-25 |
AU511815B2 (en) | 1980-09-04 |
CA1043005A (en) | 1978-11-21 |
US3946358A (en) | 1976-03-23 |
SE8100892L (sv) | 1981-02-09 |
DE2559952C3 (de) | 1981-07-02 |
IT1040627B (it) | 1979-12-20 |
JPS6253051B2 (sv) | 1987-11-09 |
FR2309939A1 (fr) | 1976-11-26 |
SE449598B (sv) | 1987-05-11 |
AU8212875A (en) | 1976-12-16 |
FR2289980A1 (fr) | 1976-05-28 |
SE7506677L (sv) | 1975-12-22 |
DE2559952B1 (de) | 1980-11-20 |
AU4266578A (en) | 1979-04-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
SE8100889L (sv) | Markvarnande anordning for flygplan | |
US5666110A (en) | Helicopter enhanced descent after take-off warning for GPWS | |
US5187478A (en) | Configuration responsive descent rate warning system for aircraft | |
US3947809A (en) | Below glide slope advisory warning system for aircraft | |
US3944968A (en) | Aircraft ground proximity warning system having speed versus altitude compensation | |
SE7600147L (sv) | Varningssystem for flygplan vid start | |
CA1205167A (en) | Ground proximity warning system with time and altitude based mode switching | |
JPS62500263A (ja) | 航空機のための飛行形態応動降下率警報システム | |
US3988713A (en) | Aircraft ground proximity warning instrument | |
US3752967A (en) | Ascent and descent slope tracker system | |
FI74252C (sv) | Varningssystem för för nära belägen terräng. | |
ES8607158A1 (es) | Una instalacion avisadora para poner en alerta al piloto de un avion acerca de una condicion de vuelo peligrosa | |
FI74247B (fi) | Varningssystem foer flygplan, som landar med landningsstaellet uppfaellt. | |
US2682768A (en) | Flight limit indicator | |
US3224713A (en) | Landing gear system | |
US3668621A (en) | Multiple altitude signaling device | |
GB1060969A (en) | Airplane instrument for furnishing an indicator signal to indicate the necessity for or to control corrective action for offsetting decrease in head wind during landing approach | |
US3348412A (en) | Altitude measurement | |
EP0193579A1 (en) | Excessive descent rate warning system for tactical aircraft | |
GB913840A (en) | Improvements in or relating to airborne glide slope director systems | |
GB1026295A (en) | Aircraft flight path control apparatus | |
GB2140757A (en) | Excessive descent rate warning system for tactical aircraft | |
US2364102A (en) | Aircraft flight indicator | |
CA1241083A (en) | System for alerting a pilot of a dangerous flight profile during low level maneuvering | |
CA1079385A (en) | Below glide slope advisory warning system for aircraft |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
NUG | Patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 8100889-8 Effective date: 19890725 Format of ref document f/p: F |