SE537606C2 - Method and apparatus for producing sugar, protein and ethanol from ensiled legumes - Google Patents

Abstract

Summary: A method of extracting protein and ethanol from ensiled legumes requires an ecoreactor that separates a crop, preferably a legume in starch and sugar, lignin and cellulose, and protein. The process begins with long fibers separated mechanically from proteins and after purification and mechanical drying removed from the process. After this, the remaining material is separated together with the recovered protein by a transfer liquid formed in the process. The separated matter consists on one side of starch to be hydrolyzed to sugar and protein to be removed from the process of commercialization. The hydrolyzed fraction is stirred under agitation in a fermentation tower where the fermenting broth is fed from below by a pump and sucked up by the negative pressure in the next distiller. The distiller works with the help of heat and negative pressure which causes the fermenting liquid to give off its alcohol in gaseous form, with the help of the above two factors the distillation can be done very precisely. After the pre-gasification, the gas is then compressed so that the heat rises in the gas from the compaction, is removed and used in other places in the eco-reactor. After compression against a nozzle, the gas has cooled and condensed. The liquid consisting of pure alcohol is collected in a tank of suitable size and material. The Ecoreactor dr is largely made of plastic.

Description

537 606 Method and apparatus for producing sugar, protein and ethanol Iran ensiled legumes.

Background: The need for renewable and carbon dioxide-negative energy is great and we need to return to being 'guar' and find a way to extract energy both for our bodies, our vehicles and our warm homes. We also need to be able to produce electricity together with this. In order to reduce energy access to transport Ors this facility in a format that is suitable for larger farm levels or cooperatives.

The import of proteins is very large and comes in the form of soybean meal mainly from Brazil as it is a large environment and climate problem as it uses rainforest land. Soybean cultivation in Brazil is the single biggest reason for deforestation in the world and is done with the help of swede farming. Delta is also a major social problem as small farmers lose their land and livelihoods.

The use of commercial goods has increased in the last 50 years and since animal farms were separated from grain cultivation, an imbalance has been created. The soils where only cereals are grown have lost a lot of sift organic material in the form of humus (soil) and the zoos often get an excess of nitrogen which often results in varnishing to streams, lakes and hay.

It takes large amounts of energy to produce nitrogen fertilizer, large parts of the energy extracted from the fields are consumed in the production of synthetic nitrogen, but then fossil oil or gas is used.

The need for a nitrogen-fixing forage frog in the plant environment in crop rotation with cereals and rapeseed is very great. This together with reduced plowing can restore both the soil and the air.

There is also a market for long fibers, both as a solid industry (wood, briquettes and pellets) and as a raw material for building boards.

The most common species of legumes grown in latitudes besides Findusartan and Brown females are common fodder species and field beans.

They contain large amounts of Protein and Starch, the rest are plant fibers and small amounts of minerals and phosphorus which, after the desired materials have been extracted, are returned to the soil.

As a forage frog, ram has every sift problem: Artan is easily affected by art-root rot and can only be grown every seven years, Akerbonan can be grown more often but has a longer cultivation time and is often trodden in October-November. In order to optimize the production of energy, protein and fiber, a 1,537,606 eco-reactor has been developed which can shorten the akerbonan's cultivation time by completely cutting it raw for ensilage.

Description: The method is a rational continuous technique which aims to take advantage of the whole plant both starch, glucose, maltodextrins, cellulose, hemicellulose, sugar, lignin and protein.

The plant, the raw material, is preferably a legume alone or in combination with strasad. The advantage of baljvdxten is its ability to fix nitrogen from the air to the soil while it is growing, and because it also creates a favorable structure in the soil. This is partly due to increased carbon content (humus) this is called the pre-fruiting effect.

The quince fixation is very useful cla the legume does not need to be nitrogen fertilized and also leaves 30 - 50 kg nitrogen / Ha in the soil for the next frog in connection with cultivation.

The baljvdxten also creates a very positive structure for the soil, which results in yield increases for the next frog, preferably hosted frogs. Carbon dioxide is also collected from the air and together with Vate from the water, the plant can form a number of useful substances such as short carbohydrates (sugar and starch, etc.). monosaccharides in various forms such as glucose and amino acids which are a combination of Kvave, Vdte, Oxygen and Carbon (only two of the 20 existing Amino Acids also contain a single Sulfur). The amino acids can then form very large amounts of different kinds of proteins. Fibers are also long chain carbohydrates in either the 5 or 6 Carbon structure, which are also C, H and 0 combinations.

The baljvdxten contains large amounts of protein made up of previously mentioned Amino acids which are edifying for both humans and animals.

Carbohydrates are also available in the form of sugar, maltodextrin, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Which makes this a valuable part of the process.

The result is that everything that is extracted comes from the air and the water. The Peas on Earth concept uses the plant and the soil only as a yard in the process but removes nothing, on the other hand, the soil is enriched with nitrogen as a fertilizer and carbon in the form of humus from the air so that the CO2 content decreases in the atmosphere.

The technique is continuous and the raw material is dry, semi-dry, ensiled, hosylated or raw, Ms or in bale.

The raw material is preferably ensiled. 2,537,606 Production takes place in an eco-reactor where both energy, raw materials and semi-finished products (transfer products) are used as catalysts in the process that begins with the plant fibers being separated out and purified. This Ors is preferably from a fresh or ensiled ready-grown frog. In this way, the growing period is shortened so that the next frog can be seen early in the autumn. By means of crushing and rolling in such a way that the fibers are not broken. In this way, the fibers in the stems are cleansed of fermentable carbohydrates such as the above-mentioned starch, sugar and dextrins.

The rolling is designed so that you first put on a reel in the form of a conveyor belt (1.a) scratches and tritisk the frog so that the free ones are exposed and separated, this Ors with the help of a rotating scratch (1.b) both scratches out of the seeds and throws the fibers to another conveyor belt that are rooted at a higher speed sit that the material in the roll becomes thinner. FrOna ends up in the collector (1.c). Furthermore, the frog is inserted between two threaded rollers (1.d) which spread the fibers evenly against the substrate, so that a coarse separation between the fibers takes place from each other and the shell parts fall ay. The next step is a combination of a hard perforated roller under a rubber coating (1.e) which is pressed out of the liquid. The last rollers are placed on a hard surface with a halo. These rollers (1.f) have a certain angle cell difference sit that the frog rolls sideways forward and Ater against a hart of excess heat from the process heated flat surface. Delta causes the fibers to be cleansed of shorter carbohydrates and proteins which via the tail get the desired granulate size.

The exposed fibers are dry and collected on black salt.

The remaining material consists in combination with the seeds and pods of protein, starch, maltodextrins, cellulose, lignin and sugar, preferably glucose which is collected with the help of the vessel (1.c) and passed on in the ecoreactor process using a sludge screw at the bottom of (1c). .c).

There, the granulated material is mixed with the transfer solution consisting of water and / or filtered beverage together with glucose, which has a specific gravity of Riretradesvis 1.15 kg / liter. This glucose is formed after hydrolysis and protein foaming, but before the addition of yeast later in the process and separated by the heavier starch with a specific weight of 1.25 kg / liter sinking to the bottom and the lighter protein 1.05 kg / liter floating to the surface . Delta takes place in a vertical hog and a narrowly formed tank from above (6.a) where the starch protein fraction is mixed (6.b) with the hydrolysed glucose solution so that it stratifies as it slowly flows through the vessel at room temperature. When the starch has dropped to the bottom 3 537 606, unscrew it from the vessel with a screw (6.c). The floating protein is foamed from the surface for drying by first screwing it with a trapezoidal screw up over a screen cloth (6.d) and then against a filter pressure press where the screen cloth and the screw take the form of a cone which is described in (6.e). the dried protein is taken out of the process for storage via (6.f). The transfer solution then proceeds to fermentation via yeast additive (3.b).

The starch obtained as awn may contain sugar and maltodextrins mixed with water and / or filtered beverage. These are heated by a heat exchanger in the form of a trapezoidal screw (2.a) which surrounds (encloses) a ring with good conductivity, preferably of copper or aluminum (2.b). The screw is enclosed in a stone rudder with a thin conductor shape, preferably made of stainless steel or plastic that is insulated (2.c). Due to the heat, the cell cradles begin to rupture in the supplied starch which is gelatinized, this creates a viscous liquid which is transported forward by a screw described above. The liquid \ Tams up the hot liquid that needs to be cooled (2.d). The screw is of a trapezoidal shape which is driven by an angular shaft. (2.e). The screw has a design so that it simultaneously by mechanical action (scraping) hails the inner and outer tube free from protein accumulations and other solid particles. The third function of the screw is to move the liquid from the hot inner tube to the cold outer and vice versa to achieve maximum heat exchange. This is done by the screw having a design with guide rails which are angled on the top of the trapezoidal screw so that the liquid is carried out from the inner tube in the middle and on the underside are angled so that the liquid is carried to the inner tube. Alternatively, the guide rails are designed so that the liquid is carried towards the hot pipe on the upper side and out on the lower side. Tame is also supplied in the same way from the hot beverage to be cooled and from the excess heat from the heat pump. This is described later in the ansolcan.

The outer and inner rudder together with the screw are bendable and can thus be fitted into an echo reactor so that it takes up minimal space.

After heating, the hydrolysis can be initiated by spraying an enzyme over the viscous liquid which is now spread by means of a "lettering technique" over a movable heated surface preferably in the form of a drum or two rolling drums according to (3.1). said that a large surface is created (3.1.a). As the heated substrate moves and passes through a "letter tray", the raw material is evenly distributed, which is preferable as the amount of enzyme (3.1.b) alternatively sprayed on the second drum cla can be optimized. This hydrolysis lasts for about 2 hours while the liquid after spraying or parrolling (3.1.c) is slowly rushed forward with stirring using a screw similar to that in (2) in the vessel (3.1.d). This screw heat exchanger 4,537,606 can supply heat and keep the liquid at an even temperature. The additional heat comes from the heat pump (5) from the boiler (2.0 from the beverage and breaks up the starch into maltodextrins, at the same time the gelatinization is broken and the liquid becomes liquid again.

After the hydrolysis, the liquid is passed on while the temperature is further raised by energy from the heat pump (5) and / or the boiler (2.1) which is now spread in the next "letter box" on a well-heated surface, preferably in the form of a drum.

The remaining protein that the granulate contains is then released and forms a foam that floats out of the roller where it is mechanically foamed. The foaming takes place with the aid of an inclined steel with halves (2.g) placed between the liquid and the liquid protein foam and thus separating these frail from each other.

This protein is released from the process by means of a conveyor belt (2.h) with a carrier and a screw which, via a tube (2), carries the protein out of the process for compaction and processing.

Then the temperature is lowered to preferably between 50 and 70 ° C through the aft distiller (2.j) preheated and after cooling a further hydrolysis takes place through the aft raw material, now purified frail protein and in the form of maltodextrin and sugar is spread via "letter-laid" technique according to (3.1.a) on a movable surface, preferably in the form of a drum or two truncated rollers to achieve a large surface area. This surface is sprayed (2.k) with an additional enzyme or pafores using a drum (3.1.c) and while stirring via twisted plastic rails (2.1) as the liquid passes and converts the wash into glucose aqueous solution.

The glucose-water mixture is cooled by heat exchange to a manageable temperature using the screw 2.a. which heats the original unhydrolyzed raw material.

The fermentable transfer liquid then used as the catalyst for separation of starch and protein described earlier. The yeast is then added at (3.b) using one or two drums according to (3.1) for fermentation. The fermentable liquid is forced into a void where it is pumped in from below and spends a time of preferably 48 hours in a spiral which prevents spontaneous migrations in the liquid and at the same time is sucked up by the negative pressure in the distiller. Alternatively, the liquid is pushed forward by a trapezoidal screw (3.c) and it is mixed continuously at the same time according to the same method as in (2). In this case, the inner rudder (3.d) is filled with water and equipped with non-return valves for carbon dioxide discharge via * root. (3.e). 537 606 In connection with fermentation, the liquid begins to form alcohol, which is lighter than water and punishes the father & to lie down on top. The tower is described in (3).

When the liquid reaches the top of the tower, it has an alcohol content of preferably 11-13% at (3.0 and must now be distilled to reach fuel strength (4).

This is done by heating the liquid to a temperature just below the boiling point of ethanol 78 ° C. Preheating takes place via heat exchangers through the cooling required in the hydrolysis process (4.a) and from the beverage (4.b). Then the liquid is spread out again over inclined elements in a staircase. (4.c) which were filled with 77 ° C hot liquid and subjected to a negative pressure, so that the boiling point also dropped. This also results in the pressure above the surface decreasing, which reduces the energy input for the liquid to surrender in gaseous form from the negative pressure created in a pump Fig.4.e which sucks in the gas which is now formed and which consists of pure alcohol, the negative pressure Or also that the liquid in the jastome is sucked up (4.d) and (3.e).

The pump is piston-shaped and designed so that a valve (4.0 star Open during suction when the piston is moving so that the volume in the cylinder increases and the alcoholic part of the liquid over & in gaseous form. That valve is then closed when the piston flows and the volume in the cylinder decreases and the gas then compressed against another valve (4.g) which is opened and outside which there is a nozzle (4.h) through which the gas is pressed.During the compression the temperature of the compressed gas increases by the decreasing cylinder volume (4.i). away from the pump so that cooling of the cylinder can take place via a heat exchanger of (4.j) in the picture and the removed heat is supplied to the process.After the nozzle the temperature drops and the gas condenses again to liquid.At the same time another piston works in the opposite direction so that the negative pressure and the overpressure is kept constant.

This liquid which is forced through the nozzle consists of pure alcohol and is collected for this purpose in an airtight container. (7).

The additional energy that the process needs to be added at the protein separation when the highest temperature of the process is reached. This Or if necessary by pyrolysis of the collected and pelleted fibers, but primarily from the excess heat removed from the distillation pump. 6 537 606 The pyrolysis gas is supplied to a conventional internal combustion engine which, via a generator, produces the electricity needed by the process. The cooling water from the engine is supplied to the eco-reactor process, which in this way becomes self-sufficient. the excess heat from the distillation heat pump was reused with the beverage to be cooled.

The echo reactor is preferably driven by two electric motors driven by the above-mentioned generator. 7

Claims (1)

537 606 Claims 1. Process, basic production of sugar, ethanol and protein from raw material in the form of ensiled legumes, rich in the constituents of fermentable carbohydrates, proteins and in addition fibers and water, including separation thereof and hydrolysis of carbohydrates into sugar and possible fermentation of the sugar to ethanol and distillation to low water content thereof can be characterized by the combination of the steps: 1. 1 the raw material in the form of a bale is rolled up on a conveyor belt and scratched, ie. trout and seeds are separated, 1. 2 separated fibers and shell parts are spread evenly over a substrate and shell parts are separated, 1. 3 fibers are pressed hard, so that shell parts and remaining liquid are separated, 1. 4 raw material, from which fibers are separated according to steps 1.1-1.3 consisting of seeds and pods of protein, starch, maltodextrins, cellulose, lignin, and sugar, is further processed to separate protein and hydrolyzable substance, 1. the hydrolyzable substance is hydrolyzed 1. 6 the hydrolyzable substance is fermented in a fermentation process and The fermented substance is distilled in a distillation process to ethanol with a low water content. Device for carrying out the process according to claim 1, steps 1.1-1.3 can be characterized by a first conveyor belt (1.a) for rolling a bale of ravara, further a parallel with the bale rotating roller (1.b) provided with a number of protruding spikes for separating from and further transport of fibers and remaining raw material to a second conveyor belt, at a higher speed than the first conveyor belt, and two transverse threaded rollers (1.d ) for spreading the fibers Above the substrate and separating free, further transverse rollers (1.e) and (1.0 for squeezing out the remaining liquid 8 537 606