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SE508556C2 - Power transformer and reactor with windings with conductors - Google Patents

Power transformer and reactor with windings with conductors

Info

Publication number
SE508556C2
SE508556C2 SE9700335A SE9700335A SE508556C2 SE 508556 C2 SE508556 C2 SE 508556C2 SE 9700335 A SE9700335 A SE 9700335A SE 9700335 A SE9700335 A SE 9700335A SE 508556 C2 SE508556 C2 SE 508556C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
transformer
oil
power transformer
reactor
winding
Prior art date
Application number
SE9700335A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE9700335L (en
SE9700335D0 (en
Inventor
Mats Leijon
Original Assignee
Asea Brown Boveri
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asea Brown Boveri filed Critical Asea Brown Boveri
Priority to SE9700335A priority Critical patent/SE508556C2/en
Publication of SE9700335D0 publication Critical patent/SE9700335D0/en
Priority to CA002275619A priority patent/CA2275619A1/en
Priority to GEAP19974610A priority patent/GEP20022779B/en
Priority to EP97924473A priority patent/EP0888661B1/en
Priority to AU30523/97A priority patent/AU729780B2/en
Priority to IL12709897A priority patent/IL127098A0/en
Priority to JP09542206A priority patent/JP2000511392A/en
Priority to CN97196554A priority patent/CN1105413C/en
Priority to APAP/P/1998/001398A priority patent/AP843A/en
Priority to AT97925364T priority patent/ATE266244T1/en
Priority to EE9800410A priority patent/EE03461B1/en
Priority to DE69728972T priority patent/DE69728972T2/en
Priority to CA002255739A priority patent/CA2255739A1/en
Priority to IL12731697A priority patent/IL127316A/en
Priority to BR9714227-1A priority patent/BR9714227A/en
Priority to TR1998/02465T priority patent/TR199802465T2/en
Priority to IL12730797A priority patent/IL127307A0/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000875 priority patent/WO1997045847A1/en
Priority to TR1999/02195T priority patent/TR199902195T2/en
Priority to JP09542198A priority patent/JP2000511387A/en
Priority to BR9713738-3A priority patent/BR9713738A/en
Priority to CA002275616A priority patent/CA2275616A1/en
Priority to JP09542197A priority patent/JP2000515357A/en
Priority to UA98126367A priority patent/UA45452C2/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000889 priority patent/WO1997045848A1/en
Priority to EP97925364A priority patent/EP0888628B1/en
Priority to CN97181829A priority patent/CN1246213A/en
Priority to AU29878/97A priority patent/AU730114B2/en
Priority to EP97924464A priority patent/EP1008219A1/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000881 priority patent/WO1998027635A1/en
Priority to EP97924463A priority patent/EP0950276A1/en
Priority to PL97334344A priority patent/PL334344A1/en
Priority to US08/952,990 priority patent/US20020047268A1/en
Priority to TR1999/01314T priority patent/TR199901314T2/en
Priority to JP50096798A priority patent/JP2001505757A/en
Priority to CN97181826A priority patent/CN1246210A/en
Priority to CZ983881A priority patent/CZ388198A3/en
Priority to CN97181827A priority patent/CN1246211A/en
Priority to CZ983868A priority patent/CZ386898A3/en
Priority to AU30524/97A priority patent/AU730450B2/en
Priority to US09/029,648 priority patent/US6226163B1/en
Priority to PL97330234A priority patent/PL330234A1/en
Priority to EP97924462A priority patent/EP0906651A2/en
Priority to EP97925367A priority patent/EP0950277A1/en
Priority to CNB971966427A priority patent/CN1257593C/en
Priority to BR9709619A priority patent/BR9709619A/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000879 priority patent/WO1997045921A2/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000878 priority patent/WO1997045907A2/en
Priority to HK99105907.3A priority patent/HK1021085B/en
Priority to BR9709385A priority patent/BR9709385A/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000908 priority patent/WO1997045933A2/en
Priority to RU98123559/09A priority patent/RU2211518C2/en
Priority to DE69727917T priority patent/DE69727917T2/en
Priority to AT97924473T priority patent/ATE254815T1/en
Priority to NZ333600A priority patent/NZ333600A/en
Priority to EP97925376A priority patent/EP0901706B1/en
Priority to EP97924465A priority patent/EP1008220A1/en
Priority to AU29877/97A priority patent/AU2987797A/en
Priority to DE69726267T priority patent/DE69726267T2/en
Priority to BR9709391A priority patent/BR9709391A/en
Priority to TR1998/02474T priority patent/TR199802474T2/en
Priority to TR1998/02479T priority patent/TR199802479T2/en
Priority to PL97330216A priority patent/PL330216A1/en
Priority to EE9800415A priority patent/EE03408B1/en
Priority to PL97334091A priority patent/PL334091A1/en
Priority to TR1999/01969T priority patent/TR199901969T2/en
Priority to APAP/P/1998/001404A priority patent/AP1083A/en
Priority to PL97330288A priority patent/PL182736B1/en
Priority to CA002255742A priority patent/CA2255742A1/en
Priority to BR9714793-1A priority patent/BR9714793A/en
Priority to PL97334127A priority patent/PL334127A1/en
Priority to EA199801073A priority patent/EA001181B1/en
Priority to JP50097098A priority patent/JP2001509357A/en
Priority to BR9714794-0A priority patent/BR9714794A/en
Priority to EA199801072A priority patent/EA000993B1/en
Priority to NZ333014A priority patent/NZ333014A/en
Priority to EP97925366A priority patent/EP0888662B1/en
Priority to US08/952,993 priority patent/US6822363B2/en
Priority to JP9542194A priority patent/JP3051905B2/en
Priority to CN97195023A priority patent/CN1101988C/en
Priority to UA98126934A priority patent/UA44857C2/en
Priority to CA002279394A priority patent/CA2279394A1/en
Priority to KR1019980709690A priority patent/KR20000016123A/en
Priority to DE69724118T priority patent/DE69724118D1/en
Priority to NZ333016A priority patent/NZ333016A/en
Priority to BR9709489A priority patent/BR9709489A/en
Priority to NZ333017A priority patent/NZ333017A/en
Priority to AU29875/97A priority patent/AU714564B2/en
Priority to TR1998/02475T priority patent/TR199802475T2/en
Priority to KR1019980709600A priority patent/KR20000016037A/en
Priority to NZ333599A priority patent/NZ333599A/en
Priority to SK1641-98A priority patent/SK164198A3/en
Priority to CA002256469A priority patent/CA2256469A1/en
Priority to CN97195037A priority patent/CN1220026A/en
Priority to AU29886/97A priority patent/AU718681B2/en
Priority to AU29876/97A priority patent/AU2987697A/en
Priority to CN97181828A priority patent/CN1246212A/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000883 priority patent/WO1998029929A1/en
Priority to CNB971965455A priority patent/CN1158680C/en
Priority to AU29884/97A priority patent/AU718706B2/en
Priority to YU54498A priority patent/YU54498A/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000882 priority patent/WO1998027636A1/en
Priority to JP09542204A priority patent/JP2000511349A/en
Priority to US08/973,305 priority patent/US6891303B2/en
Priority to PL97330800A priority patent/PL185200B1/en
Priority to AT97925376T priority patent/ATE247337T1/en
Priority to AU30521/97A priority patent/AU731065B2/en
Priority to KR10-1998-0709688A priority patent/KR100382963B1/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000880 priority patent/WO1998027634A1/en
Priority to CA002256535A priority patent/CA2256535A1/en
Priority to EP97924471A priority patent/EP0888627A1/en
Priority to EA199801071A priority patent/EA001488B1/en
Priority to CA002256347A priority patent/CA2256347A1/en
Priority to SK1640-98A priority patent/SK164098A3/en
Priority to CZ983879A priority patent/CZ387998A3/en
Priority to EA199801048A priority patent/EA001096B1/en
Priority to TR1999/02169T priority patent/TR199902169T2/en
Priority to APAP/P/1998/001408A priority patent/AP936A/en
Priority to JP50096898A priority patent/JP2001505758A/en
Priority to DE19781786T priority patent/DE19781786T1/en
Priority to JP50096998A priority patent/JP2001505759A/en
Priority to CZ983858A priority patent/CZ385898A3/en
Priority to CA002275638A priority patent/CA2275638A1/en
Priority to AU30533/97A priority patent/AU3053397A/en
Priority to PL97334132A priority patent/PL334132A1/en
Priority to AT97925366T priority patent/ATE261203T1/en
Priority to TR1998/02471T priority patent/TR199802471T2/en
Priority to KR1019980709689A priority patent/KR20000016122A/en
Priority to PCT/SE1997/000891 priority patent/WO1997045926A2/en
Priority to US08/973,210 priority patent/US6940380B1/en
Priority to PL97330225A priority patent/PL330225A1/en
Priority to IDP971798A priority patent/ID19546A/en
Priority to IDP971797A priority patent/ID19692A/en
Priority to IDP971792A priority patent/ID18779A/en
Priority to ARP970102320A priority patent/AR007341A1/en
Priority to CO97029905A priority patent/CO4650244A1/en
Priority to ARP970102318A priority patent/AR007339A1/en
Priority to PE1997000445A priority patent/PE67998A1/en
Priority to ARP970102321A priority patent/AR007342A1/en
Priority to ARP970102316A priority patent/AR007337A1/en
Priority to CO97029869A priority patent/CO4600012A1/en
Priority to PE1997000437A priority patent/PE73098A1/en
Priority to CO97029868A priority patent/CO4600757A1/en
Priority to PE1997000449A priority patent/PE82798A1/en
Priority to PE1997000440A priority patent/PE73398A1/en
Priority to CO97029907A priority patent/CO4650249A1/en
Priority to CO97029935A priority patent/CO4600011A1/en
Priority to TW086107962A priority patent/TW419878B/en
Priority to TW086107937A priority patent/TW366503B/en
Priority to TW086107938A priority patent/TW443024B/en
Priority to UY24795A priority patent/UY24795A1/en
Priority to SE9704454A priority patent/SE510451C2/en
Priority to SE9704453A priority patent/SE510452C2/en
Priority to ZA98839A priority patent/ZA98839B/en
Priority to AU58902/98A priority patent/AU5890298A/en
Priority to NZ336521A priority patent/NZ336521A/en
Priority to EA199900713A priority patent/EA001716B1/en
Priority to AU58903/98A priority patent/AU726018B2/en
Priority to AT98902348T priority patent/ATE276578T1/en
Priority to KR1019997006908A priority patent/KR20000070659A/en
Priority to DE69826243T priority patent/DE69826243T2/en
Priority to US09/355,726 priority patent/US6995646B1/en
Priority to CZ992699A priority patent/CZ269999A3/en
Priority to PCT/SE1998/000151 priority patent/WO1998034249A1/en
Priority to JP53279498A priority patent/JP2001509956A/en
Priority to EEP199900286A priority patent/EE03458B1/en
Priority to CN98802240A priority patent/CN1246956A/en
Priority to EEP199900287A priority patent/EE03457B1/en
Priority to CZ0269899A priority patent/CZ298079B6/en
Priority to CA002278236A priority patent/CA2278236A1/en
Priority to BR9807149-1A priority patent/BR9807149A/en
Priority to APAP/P/1999/001608A priority patent/AP1051A/en
Priority to EP98902348A priority patent/EP0956571B1/en
Priority to JP53279398A priority patent/JP2001509955A/en
Priority to PL98334876A priority patent/PL334876A1/en
Priority to EP98902349A priority patent/EP1016101A1/en
Priority to UA99094916A priority patent/UA46890C2/en
Priority to PCT/SE1998/000152 priority patent/WO1998034244A1/en
Priority to OA9800227A priority patent/OA10927A/en
Publication of SE9700335L publication Critical patent/SE9700335L/en
Publication of SE508556C2 publication Critical patent/SE508556C2/en
Priority to IS4896A priority patent/IS4896A/en
Priority to IS4895A priority patent/IS1798B/en
Priority to IS4903A priority patent/IS4903A/en
Priority to BG102944A priority patent/BG63415B1/en
Priority to OA9800226A priority patent/OA11018A/en
Priority to NO985499A priority patent/NO985499L/en
Priority to BG102964A priority patent/BG63442B1/en
Priority to SE9804084A priority patent/SE513493C2/en
Priority to NO985553A priority patent/NO985553L/en
Priority to NO985583A priority patent/NO985583L/en
Priority to NO985581A priority patent/NO985581L/en
Priority to NO985582A priority patent/NO985582L/en
Priority to SE9804134A priority patent/SE520890C2/en
Priority to BG103009A priority patent/BG63413B1/en
Priority to IS5114A priority patent/IS5114A/en
Priority to IS5115A priority patent/IS5115A/en
Priority to CU1999102A priority patent/CU22673A3/en
Priority to NO993734A priority patent/NO993734L/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/288—Shielding

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The power transformer and reactor has one or more windings which include one or more current carrying conductors. Around each conductor (4) is a first layer (6) with semiconducting properties, and around the first layer is a solid insulating part (7). Around the insulating part is a second layer (8) with semiconducting properties. The first layer is at the same potential as the conductor. The second layer essentially constitutes an equipotential surface surrounding the conductor(s). The second layer is connected to earth potential.

Description

40 45 508 556 F 2' Den upp๏ฌnningsidรฉ som som ligger till grund fรถr rubricerade upp๏ฌnning รคr ocksรฅ applicerbar fรถr reaktorer. Den fรถljande beskrivningen av teknikens stรฅndpunkt avser dock huvudsakligen krafttransformatorer. Reaktorer kan som bekant utfรถras enfasiga och trefasiga. I frรฅga om isolering och kylning finns i princip samma utfรถringsfonner som fรถr transformatorer. Det fรถrekommer sรฅledes luftisolerade och oljeisolerade, sjรคlvkylda, tryckoljekylda osv reaktorer. ร„ven om reaktorer har en lindning (per fas) och kan utfรถras bรฅde med och utan jรคrnkรคma รคr beskrivningen av teknikens stรฅndpunkt till stora delar relevant fรถr reaktorer. 40 45 508 556 F 2 'The design idea that forms the basis for headings is also applicable to reactors. The following description of the prior art, however, relates mainly to power transformers. As is well known, reactors can be designed in single-phase and three-phase. In terms of insulation and cooling, there are in principle the same embodiments as for transformers. There are thus air-insulated and oil-insulated, self-cooled, pressure-oil-cooled, etc. reactors. Although reactors have a winding (per phase) and can be carried out both with and without an iron core, the description of the state of the art is largely relevant for reactors.

TEKNIKENS STร…NDPUNKT, PROBLEMEN Fรถr att kunna sรคtta in en krafttransforinator/reaktor enligt uppfinningen i sitt rรคtta sammanhang och dรคrmed kimna beskriva det nytรคnkande som uppfinningen innebรคr och de fรถrdelar som uppfinningen besitter relativt teknikens stรฅndpunkt, skall nedan fรถrst anges en relativt fyllig beskrivning av en lcrafttransfoririator som den utfรถrs i dag. En sรฅdan krafttransfonnator kommer nedan att omtalas som en konventionell krafttransformator och beskrivningen kommer att innefatta de begrรคnsningar och problem som finns nรคr det gรคller berรคkning, konstruktion, isolation, jordning, tillverkriing, anvรคndning, testning, transport m m av dessa transformatorer.STATE OF THE ART, THE PROBLEMS In order to be able to place a power transformer / reactor according to the invention in its proper context and thus be able to describe the innovation which the invention entails and the advantages which the invention possesses relative to the state of the art, a relatively comprehensive description of a power transformer it is performed today. Such a power transformer will be referred to below as a conventional power transformer and the description will include the limitations and problems that exist with regard to the calculation, construction, insulation, earthing, manufacture, use, testing, transport, etc. of these transformers.

Som omtalat ovan finns det en oinfattande litteratur som beskriver och redogรถr fรถr transforrnatorer i allmรคnhet och รคven speciellt fรถr konventionella krafttransforrnatorer. Som exempel pรฅ inom aktuellt teknikomrรฅde vรคlkรคnd litteratur kan nรคrnnas: The J & P Transforrner Book, A practical Thechnology of the Power Transforrner, av A. C. Franklin och D. P. Franklin, utgiven av Butterworths, utgรฅva ll, 1990.As discussed above, there is an inclusive literature that describes and accounts for transformers in general and also for conventional power transformers in particular. Examples of literature well known in the art can be found: The J & P Transforrner Book, A Practical Technology of the Power Transforrner, by A. C. Franklin and D. P. Franklin, published by Butterworths, edition ll, 1990.

Nรคr det gรคller den inre elektriska isoleringen av lindningar m m kan nรคmnas: Transforrnerboard, Die Vervendung von Transforrnerboard in Grossleistungstransfonnatoren av H. P. Moser, utgiven av H. Weidman AG, CH-8640 Rapperswil med "Gesarntherstellungz Birkhรคuser AG, Basel.Regarding the internal electrical insulation of windings, etc. may be mentioned: Transforrnerboard, Die Vervendung von Transforrnerboard in Grossleistungstransfonnatoren by H. P. Moser, published by H. Weidman AG, CH-8640 Rapperswil with "Gesarntherstellungz Birkhรคuser AG, Basel.

Den senare skriften har getts ut av isolationstillverkaren Weidman i CH och utgรถr varje transfomiatortillverkares baslitteratur. 40 45 gu sos 556 Nรคr det gรคller den principiella och teoretiska berรคkningen av en lrraftuansforrnator enligt upp๏ฌnningen med avseende pรฅ effekt, spรคnning, fรถrluster m m gรคller i stora drag samma ekvationer, regler, kriterier m m som fรถr en konventionell krafttransforrnator. Dรคrfรถr kommer den fรถljande beskrivningen inte att redovisa de mera teoretiska och berรคkningstekniska aspektema pรฅ krafttransformatorer. Nรคr det gรคller beskrivningen av teknikens stรฅndpunkt, dvs av en konventionell krafttransforrnator, innefattar beskrivningen dock de omrรฅden hos en sรฅdan transformator dรคr denna skiljer sig frรฅn eller uppvisar problem relativt en krafttransforrnator enligt uppfinningen.The latter publication has been published by the insulation manufacturer Weidman in CH and is the basic literature of every transformer manufacturer. 40 45 gu sos 556 When it comes to the principal and theoretical calculation of a power generator according to the invention with regard to power, voltage, losses, etc., the same equations, rules, criteria, etc. apply as for a conventional power transformer. Therefore, the following description will not present the more theoretical and computational aspects of power transformers. However, with regard to the description of the state of the art, ie of a conventional power transformer, the description includes the areas of such a transformer where it differs from or has problems relative to a power transformer according to the invention.

Rent generellt gรคller att en krafttransformators frรคmsta uppgift รคr att medge utbyte av elektrisk energi mellan tvรฅ eller ๏ฌ‚era elsystem av oftast skilda spรคnningar med samma frekvens.In general, the main task of a power transformer is to allow the exchange of electrical energy between two or ๏ฌ‚ your electrical systems of usually different voltages with the same frequency.

En konventionell krafttransformator innefattar en transformatorkรคrna, nedan kallad kรคrna, ofta av laminerad orienterad plรฅt, vanligtvis av kiseljรคrn. Kรคrnan bestรฅr av ett antal kรคrnben fรถrbundna med ok som tillsammans bildar ett eller ๏ฌ‚era kรคrnfรถnster. Transformatorer med en sรฅdan kรคrna kallas ofta kรคrntransforrnatorer. Runt kรคrnbenen ๏ฌnns ett antal lindningar som i regel benรคmns som primรคr-, sekrmdรคr- och reglerlindning. Nรคr det gรคller krafttransformatorer รคr dessa lindningar praktiskt taget alltid koncentriskt anordnade och distribuerade utefter kรคrnbenens lรคngd. Kรคrntransforrnatom har i regel cirkulรคra spolar sarnt avtrappad bensektion fรถr att sรฅ nรคra som mรถjligt fylla ut spolarna.A conventional power transformer comprises a transformer core, hereinafter referred to as a core, often of laminated oriented sheet metal, usually of ferrosilicon. The core consists of a number of core legs connected by yokes that together form one or ๏ฌ‚ your core windows. Transformers with such a core are often called core transformers. There are a number of windings around the core bones, which are usually referred to as primary, secretory and control windings. In the case of power transformers, these windings are practically always concentrically arranged and distributed along the length of the core legs. The core transformer usually has circular coils with a tapered leg section to fill the coils as close as possible.

Ibland fรถrekommer รคven andra typer av kรคrnkonstruktioner som t ex de som ingรฅr i sรฅ kallade manteltransformatorer. Dessa har i regel rektangulรคra spolar och rektangulรคr bensektion.Sometimes there are also other types of core constructions, such as those included in so-called sheath transformers. These usually have rectangular coils and rectangular leg section.

Konventionella krafttransformatorer, i den lรคgre delen av ovannรคrrmda effektornrรฅde, utfรถrs i bland med luftkylning fรถr att fรถra bort de oundvikliga egna fรถrlusterna. Fรถr att skydda mot berรถring, och eventuellt fรถr att reducera transforrnatoms yttre magnetfรคlt kan den fรถrses med ett yttre hรถlje fรถrsett med ventilationsรถppningar.Conventional power transformers, in the lower part of the above-mentioned power range, are sometimes carried out with air cooling to remove the inevitable own losses. To protect against contact, and possibly to reduce the outer magnetic field of the transformer, it can be provided with an outer casing provided with ventilation openings.

De ๏ฌ‚esta konventionella krafttransformatorerna รคr dock oljekylda. Ett av skรคlen till detta รคr att oljan dessutom har den mycket viktiga funktionen som isolationsmedium. En oljekyld och oljeisolerad konventionell krafttransformator mรฅste dรคrfรถr omges av en yttre lรฅda som det av den nedan fรถljande beskrivningen framgรฅr, stรคlls mycket stora krav pรฅ.However, most conventional power transformers are oil-cooled. One of the reasons for this is that the oil also has the very important function as an insulation medium. An oil-cooled and oil-insulated conventional power transformer must therefore be surrounded by an outer box, as can be seen from the description below, very high demands are placed on it.

Konventionella oljeisolerade krafttransformatorer tillverkas ocksรฅ med Vattenkylning av oljan. 45 sos 556 4 Den fรถljande delen av beskrivningen kommer till stรถrre delen att vara hรคnfรถrbar till konventionella oljefyllda krafttransfomatorer.Conventional oil-insulated power transformers are also manufactured with water cooling of the oil. 45 sos 556 4 The following part of the description will for the most part be attributable to conventional oil-filled power transformers.

De ovan nรคmnda lindningarna bildas av en eller ๏ฌ‚era seriekopplade spolar uppbyggda av ett antal seriekopplade varv. Spolarna รคr dessutom fรถrsedda med en sรคrskild anordning fรถr att kunna medge omkoppling mellan spolarnas uttag. En sรฅdan anordning kan vara utformad fรถr omkoppling med hjรคlp av skruvfรถrband eller mera ofta med hjรคlp av en sรคrskild i anslutning till lรฅdan manรถverbar omkopplare. Fรถr det fall omkoppling kan ske fรถr en transformator under spรคnning benรคmnes omkopplaren lindningskopplare medan den i annat fall benรคmnes omsรคttningskopplare.The above-mentioned windings are formed by one or more series-connected coils built up of a number of series-connected turns. The coils are also provided with a special device to be able to allow switching between the sockets' sockets. Such a device can be designed for switching by means of screw connections or more often by means of a special switch operable in connection with the box. In the event that switching can take place for a transformer under voltage, the switch is called a winding switch, while in another case it is called a switching switch.

Nรคr det gรคller oljekylda och oljeisolerade krafttransformatorer i det รถvre effektomrรฅdet รคr lindningskopplarnas brytelement placerade i sรคrskilda oljefyllda behรฅllare med direkt anknytning till transformatorns lรฅda. Brytelementen manรถvreras rent mekaniskt via en motordriven roterande axel och anordnade sรฅ att att man fรฅr en snabb rรถrelse vid omkopplingen vid รถppen kontakt och en lรฅngsammare rรถrelse nรคr kontakten skall slutas. Lindningskopplarna som sรฅdana รคr dock placerade i sjรคlva transforrnatorlรฅdan. Vid manรถvreringen uppstรฅr ljusbรฅgar och gnistbildning. Detta leder till degradering av oljan i behรฅllama. Fรถr att fรฅ mindre ljusbรฅgar och dรคrmed รคven mindre sotbildning och mindre slitage pรฅ kontaktema รคr lindningskopplarna normalt kopplade till transformatoms hรถgspรคnningssida. Detta beror pรฅ att de strรถmmar som behรถver brytas respektive kopplas รคr mindre pรฅ hรถgspรคnningssidan รคn om lindningskopplarna skulle vara anslutna till lรฅgspรคnningssidan. Felstatistik pรฅ konventionella oljefyllda krafttransfomatorer visar att det ofta รคr lindningskopplare som ger upphov till fel.In the case of oil-cooled and oil-insulated power transformers in the upper power range, the switching elements of the winding couplers are placed in special oil-filled containers with direct connection to the transformer box. The switch elements are operated purely mechanically via a motor-driven rotating shaft and arranged so that there is a rapid movement during the switching at open contact and a slower movement when the contact is to be closed. However, the winding couplers as such are located in the transformer box itself. During operation, arcs and sparks are generated. This leads to degradation of the oil in the tanks. In order to obtain smaller arcs and thus also less soot formation and less wear on the contacts, the winding couplers are normally connected to the high voltage side of the transformer. This is because the currents that need to be disconnected or connected are smaller on the high voltage side than if the winding switches were connected to the low voltage side. Fault statistics on conventional oil-filled power transformers show that it is often winding couplers that give rise to faults.

I det lรคgre effektomrรฅdet av oljekylda och oljeisolerade krafttransformatorer รคr bรฅde lindningskopplarna och deras brytelement placerade inuti lรฅdan. Detta innebรคr att ovan nรคmnda problem med degradering av oljan pรฅ grund av ljusbรฅgar vid manรถvrering m m drabbar hela oljesystemet.In the lower power range of oil-cooled and oil-insulated power transformers, both the winding couplers and their switching elements are located inside the box. This means that the above-mentioned problem of degradation of the oil due to arcs during maneuvering etc. affects the entire oil system.

En vรคsentlig skillnad mellan en konventionell lcrafttransfonnator och en krafttransforrnator enligt upp๏ฌnningen gรคller de isolationstekniska fรถrutsรคttningarna. Dรคrfรถr skall nรฅgot mera i detalj och med hรคnvisning till figur 1 beskrivas varfรถr isolationssystemet รคr uppbyggt som det รคr hos konventionella krafttransfomatorer enligt kรคnd teknik.A significant difference between a conventional power transformer and a power transformer according to the invention applies to the insulation technical conditions. Therefore, something will be described in more detail and with reference to Figure 1, why the isolation system is constructed as it is with conventional power transformers according to the prior art.

Ur pรฅlagd eller inducerad spรคnningssynpunkt kan man i stora drag sรคga att en spรคnning som stationรคrt ligger รถver en lindning fรถrdelar sig lika 40 45 sus 556 pรฅ varje varv av lindningen, dvs att varvspรคnningen รคr lika pรฅ samtliga varv.From the applied or induced voltage point of view, it can be broadly said that a voltage which is stationary over a winding is distributed equally 406 sus 556 on each revolution of the winding, ie that the revolution voltage is equal on all revolutions.

Ur elektrisk potentialsynpunkt รคr dock situationen helt annorlunda. Den ena รคnden av en lindning, antag den nedre รคnden av en lindning 1 enligt ๏ฌgur 1, รคr i regel ansluten till jord. Detta innebรคr dock att den elektriska potentialen hos varje varv รถkar linjรคrt frรฅn praktiskt taget noll hos det varv som ligger nรคrmast jordpotentialen upp till en potential hos de varv som ๏ฌnns vid lindningens andra รคnde som motsvarar den pรฅlagda spรคnningen.From an electrical potential point of view, however, the situation is completely different. One end of a winding, assume the lower end of a winding 1 according to ๏ฌ gur 1, is usually connected to earth. However, this means that the electrical potential of each revolution increases linearly from practically zero of the revolution closest to the earth potential up to a potential of the revolutions at the other end of the winding which corresponds to the applied voltage.

I ๏ฌgur 1, som fรถrutom lindning 1 innefattar en kรคrna 2, visas en fรถrenklad och principiell bild av den elektriska fรคltfรถrdelningens ekvipotentiallinjer 3 hos en konventionell lindning dรฅ lindningens nedre del fรถrutsรคttes be๏ฌnna sig pรฅ jordpotential. Denna potentialfรถrdelning bestรคmmer isolationssystemets uppbyggnad eftersom man mรฅste ha tillrรคcklig isolation bรฅde mellan intilliggande varv hos lindningen och mellan varje varv och jord. Av รฑguren framgรฅr sรฅledes att den รถvre delen av lindningen utsรคttes fรถr de hรถgsta isolationstekniska belastningarna. En lindnings utformning och placering relativt kรคrnan bestรคms pรฅ detta sรคtt huvudsakligen av den elektriska faltfรถrdelningen i kรคmfรถnstret.Figure 1, which in addition to winding 1 comprises a core 2, shows a simplified and principled view of the equipotential lines 3 of the electric field distribution of a conventional winding, as the lower part of the winding is assumed to be ground potential. This potential distribution determines the structure of the insulation system because one must have sufficient insulation both between adjacent turns of the winding and between each turn and earth. The sรฅledesguren thus shows that the upper part of the winding is exposed to the highest insulation technical loads. The design and location of a winding relative to the core is determined in this way mainly by the electric field distribution in the core window.

Varven i en enskild spole รคr normalt samrnanfรถrda till en geometrisk sammanhรคngande enhet, fysiskt avgrรคnsad frรฅn de รถvriga spolarna.The turns in an individual coil are normally connected to a geometrically cohesive unit, physically delimited from the other coils.

Avstรฅndet mellan spolarna bestรคms ocksรฅ av den dielektriska pรฅkรคnningen som kan tillรฅtas upptrรคda mellan spolarna. Detta innebรคr sรฅledes att det รคven krรคvs ett visst givet isolationsavstรฅnd mellan spolarna. Enligt ovan krรคvs pรฅ samma sรคtt tillrรคckliga isolationsavstรฅnd ocksรฅ till รถvriga elektriskt ledande fรถremรฅl som befinner sig i det elektriska fรคltet frรฅn den i spolarna lokalt upptrรคdande elektriska potentialen.The distance between the coils is also determined by the dielectric stress that can be allowed to occur between the coils. This thus means that a certain given insulation distance between the coils is also required. According to the above, sufficient insulation distances are also required to other electrically conductive objects which are in the electric field from the electric potential occurring locally in the coils.

Det framgรฅr sรฅledes av det ovan anfรถrda att fรถr de enskilda spolama รคr spรคnningsskillnaden intemt mellan fysiskt nรคrliggande ledarelement relativt lรฅg medan spรคnningsskillnaden utรฅt mot andra metallfรถremรฅl, hรคr inbegripet รถvriga spolar, kan vara relativt hรถg. Spรคnningsskillnaden bestรคms dels av den, genom magnetisk induktion, inducerade spรคnningen, samt dels av de kapacitivt fรถrdelade spรคnningama som kan upptrรคda frรฅn ett anslutet yttre elsystem pรฅ transformatoms yttre anslutningar. Till de spรคnningstyper som kan komma in externt kan fรถrutom driftspรคnning rรคknas รฅskรถverspรคnningar och kopplingsรถverspรคnningar.It thus appears from the above that for the individual coils the voltage difference internally between physically adjacent conductor elements is relatively low while the voltage difference outwards towards other metal objects, here including other coils, can be relatively high. The voltage difference is determined partly by the voltage induced by magnetic induction, and partly by the capacitively distributed voltages that can occur from a connected external electrical system on the external connections of the transformer. In addition to operating voltage, the voltage types that can come in externally include lightning overvoltages and switching overvoltages.

I spolarnas strรถmledare uppstรฅr tillsatsfรถrluster pรฅ grund av det magnetiska lรคckfรคltet runt ledaren. Fรถr att hรฅlla dessa fรถrluster sรฅ lรฅga 45 5ร›8 556 6 som mรถjligt, speciellt fรถr laafttransformatorer i det รถvre effektomrรฅdet รคr ledarna normalt uppdelade i ett antal, vid drift parallellkopplade, ledarelement, ofta benรคrnnda parter. Dessa parter mรฅste transponeras enligt ett sรฅdant mรถnster att den inducerade spรคnningen i varje part blir sรฅ lika som mรถjligt och sรฅ att skillnaden i inducerad spรคnning mellan varje par av parter blir sรฅ liten som mรถjligt fรถr att internt cirkulerande strรถrnkomponenter kan hรฅllas nere pรฅ en ur fรถrlustsynpunkt rimlig nivรฅ.In the coils' current conductors, additional losses occur due to the magnetic leakage field around the conductor. In order to keep these losses as low as possible, especially for shaft transformers in the upper power range, the conductors are normally divided into a number of conductor elements, often connected in parallel, during operation. These parties must be transposed in such a way that the induced voltage in each party is as equal as possible and so that the difference in induced voltage between each pair of parties is as small as possible so that internally circulating current components can be kept down at a reasonable loss point. level.

Vid konstruerandet av transformatorer gรคller generellt att man strรคvar efter att ha sรฅ stor mรคngd ledarmaterial som mรถjligt inom en given area begrรคnsad av det sรฅ kallade transformatorfรถnstret, allmรคnt omtalat som att ha en sรฅ hรถg fyllfaktor som mรถjligt. Inom det tillgรคngliga utrymmet skall fรถrutom ledarmaterialet รคven ๏ฌnnas spolarnas tillhรถrande isolationsmaterial, dels internt mellan spolarna och dels till รถvriga metalliska komponenter inklusive den magnetiska kรคrnan.When designing transformers, one generally strives to have as large an amount of conductor material as possible within a given area limited by the so-called transformer window, generally referred to as having as high a filling factor as possible. Within the available space, in addition to the conductor material, the coils' associated insulation material must also be present, partly internally between the coils and partly to other metallic components, including the magnetic core.

Isolationssystemet dels inom en spole/lindning och dels mellan spolar/lindningar och รถvriga metalldetaljer รคr normalt utformat som en fast cellulosa- eller lackbaserad isolation nรคrmast det enskilda ledarelementet samt dรคr utanfรถr av fast cellulosa och ๏ฌ‚ytande, eventuellt ocksรฅ gasfonnig, isolation. Lindningar med isolation och eventuella stagningsdelar representerar pรฅ detta sรคtt stora volymer som kommer att utsรคttas fรถr hรถga elektriska fรคltstyrkor som upptrรคder i och kring de aktiva elektromagnetiska delarna hos transforrnatom. Fรถr att kunna fรถrutbestรคrnma de dieleklriska pรฅkรคnningarna som uppstรฅr och uppnรฅ en dimensionering med minimal risk fรถr sammanbrott, krรคvs god kรคnnedom om isolationsmaterialens egenskaper. Det รคr ocksรฅ viktigt att รฅstadkomma en sรฅdan omgivande miljรถ att den inte fรถrรคndrar eller nedsรคtter isolationsegenskapema.The insulation system partly within a coil / winding and partly between coils / windings and other metal parts is normally designed as a solid cellulose- or lacquer-based insulation closest to the individual conductor element and outside there of solid cellulose and ๏ฌ‚ surface, possibly also gaseous, insulation. Windings with insulation and any bracing parts in this way represent large volumes which will be exposed to high electric field strengths which occur in and around the active electromagnetic parts of the transformer atom. In order to be able to predetermine the dielectric stresses that arise and achieve a dimensioning with a minimal risk of collapse, good knowledge of the properties of the insulation materials is required. It is also important to create such an ambient environment that it does not change or reduce the insulation properties.

Det i dag fรถrhรคrskande isolationssystemet fรถr hรถgspรคnda konventionella krafttransformatorer bestรฅr av cellulosamaterial som den fasta isolationen och transformatorolja som den ๏ฌ‚ytande isolationen.The currently prevailing insulation system for high-voltage conventional power transformers consists of cellulosic material as the solid insulation and transformer oil as the ๏ฌ‚ surface insulation.

Transformatoroljan รคr baserad pรฅ sรฅ kallad mineralolja.The transformer oil is based on so-called mineral oil.

Transforrnatoroljan har en dual funktion eftersom den ocksรฅ fรถrutom den isolerande funktionen aktivt medverkar till kylning av kรคrna, lindning m m genom borttransport av transformatorns fรถrlustvรคrme.The transformer oil has a dual function because, in addition to the insulating function, it also actively contributes to cooling the core, winding, etc. by transporting away the transformer's heat of loss.

Oljekylning krรคver oljepump, yttre kylelement, expansionskoppling m m.Oil cooling requires an oil pump, external cooling element, expansion coupling, etc.

Den elektriska fรถrbindelsen mellan transformatorns yttre anslutningar och de nรคrmast anslutna spolarna/lindningarna benรคrnnes genomfรถring syftande till en konduktiv fรถrbindelse genom den lรฅda som vid oljefรถrsedda kraftransfonnatorer omger sjรคlva transformatorn.The electrical connection between the external connections of the transformer and the most closely connected coils / windings is referred to as the lead-through connection for a conductive connection through the box which, in the case of oil-supplied power transformers, surrounds the transformer itself.

Genomfรถringen รคr oftast en separat komponent รฑxerad vid lรฅdan och รคr 45 ,l 508 556 byggd fรถr att klara fรถrekommande isolationskrav bรฅde pรฅ lรฅdans utsida och insida samtidigt som den skall kunna tรฅla aktuella strรถmbelastningar och dรคrav fรถljande strรถmkrafter.The bushing is usually a separate component attached to the box and is 45, l 508 556 built to meet existing insulation requirements both on the outside and inside of the box while it must be able to withstand current current loads and consequent current forces.

Det skall pรฅpekas att samma krav pรฅ isolationssystemet som ovan beskrivits vad gรคller lindningama รคven gรคller fรถr erforderliga interna fรถrbindningar mellan spolar, mellan genomfรถringar och spolar, skilda typer av omkopplare och genomfรถringarna som sรฅdana.It should be noted that the same requirements for the insulation system as described above with regard to the windings also apply to the required internal connections between coils, between bushings and coils, different types of switches and the bushings as such.

Samtliga metalliska komponenter inuti en konventionell krafttransfonnator รคr normalt anslutna till en given jordpotential med undantag fรถr de strรถmfรถrande ledarna. Hรคrigenom undvikes risken fรณr oรถnskad och svรฅrkonuollerad potentialhรถjning till fรถljd av kapacitiv spรคnningsfรถrdelning mellan strรถmledare pรฅ hรถg potential och jord. En sรฅdan oรถnskad potentialhรถjning kan ge upphov till partiella urladdningar, sรฅ kallad glimning. Sรฅdan glimning kan dels avslรถjas vid de normala leveransproven, vilka delvis sker vid, jรคmfรถrt med mรคrkdata, fรถrhรถjd spรคnning och frekvens, och dels ge upphov till skador under normal drift.All metallic components inside a conventional power transformer are normally connected to a given earth potential with the exception of the live conductors. This avoids the risk of unwanted and difficult-to-control potential increase due to capacitive voltage distribution between high-potential current conductors and earth. Such an undesirable potential increase can give rise to partial discharges, so-called glow. Such a glimmer can partly be revealed during the normal delivery tests, which partly take place at, compared with rated data, increased voltage and frequency, and partly give rise to damage during normal operation.

De enskilda spolarnai en transformator mรฅste ha en sรฅdan mekanisk dimensionering att de kan utstรฅ fรถrekommande pรฅkรคnningar till fรถljd av upptrรคdande strรถmmar och dรคrav fรถljande strรถmkrafter under ett kortslutningsfรถrlopp. Normalt utfรถres spolarna sรฅ att upptrรคdande krafter tas upp inom varje enskild spole, vilket i sin tur kan medfรถra att spolen inte kan dimensioneras optimalt fรถr sin normala funktion under normal drift.The individual coils in a transformer must have such a mechanical dimensioning that they can withstand existing stresses as a result of occurring currents and consequent current forces during a short-circuit process. Normally, the coils are designed so that occurring forces are absorbed within each individual coil, which in turn can mean that the coil cannot be dimensioned optimally for its normal function during normal operation.

Inom ett snรคvt spรคnnings- och effektomrรขde av oljefyllda krafttransforrnatorer รคr lindningarna utformade som sรฅ kallade bandlindningar. Detta innebรคr att de tidigare omtalade enskilda ledarna har ersatts av tunna band. Bandlindade krafttransformatorer tillverkas fรถr spรคnningar upp till 20 - 30 kV och fรถr effekter upp till 20 - 30 MW.Within a narrow voltage and power range of oil-filled power transformers, the windings are designed as so-called belt windings. This means that the previously mentioned individual leaders have been replaced by thin bands. Band-wound power transformers are manufactured for voltages up to 20 - 30 kV and for outputs up to 20 - 30 MW.

Isolationssystemet hos konventionella krafttransformatorer inom det รถvre effektomrรฅdet krรคver fรถrutom en relativt komplicerad uppbyggnad รคven speciella tillverkningsรฅtgรคrder fรถr att pรฅ bรคsta sรคtt utnyttja isolationssystemets egenskaper. Fรถr att god isolation skall uppnรฅs skall isolationssystemet ha lรฅg fukthalt, den fasta delen av isolationen skall vara vรคl impregnerad med den omgivande oljan och risken fรถr kvarvarande "gas"-๏ฌckor i den fasta delen mรฅste vara minimal. Fรถr att sรคkerstรคlla detta genomfรถres, fรถr konventionella oljefyllda krafttransfonnatorer under tillverkningen, en speciell tork- och impregneringsprocess pรฅ en komplett kรคrna med lindningar innan den sรคttes ned i en lรฅda. Efter denna torknings- och impregneringsprocess sรคtts transforrnatorn ned i lรฅdan som sedan fรถrslutes. Innan pรฅfyllning 45 sos 556 8 av olja sker mรฅste lรฅdan med nedsรคnkt transfonnator tรถmmas pรฅ all luft.The insulation system of conventional power transformers in the upper power range requires, in addition to a relatively complicated construction, also special manufacturing measures to make the best use of the properties of the insulation system. In order to achieve good insulation, the insulation system must have a low moisture content, the solid part of the insulation must be well impregnated with the surrounding oil and the risk of residual "gas" kor ccks in the solid part must be minimal. To ensure this, for conventional oil-filled power transformers during manufacture, a special drying and impregnation process is carried out on a complete core with windings before it is put down in a box. After this drying and impregnation process, the transformer is placed in the box which is then closed. Before refilling with oil, the box with immersed transponder must be emptied of all air.

Detta sker i samband med en speciell valcuumbehandling. Nรคr detta har verkstรคllts sker pรฅfyllning av olja.This is done in connection with a special valcuum treatment. When this has been carried out, oil is added.

Fรถr att kunna erhรฅlla utlovad livslรคngd m m av en konventionell oljefylld transformator krรคvs i samband med vakuumbehandlingen utpumpning till i det nรคrmaste absolut vakuum. Detta fรถrutsรคtter sรฅledes att lรฅdan som omger transformatorn konstrueras fรถr fullt vakuum, vilket innebรคr vรคsentlig รฅtgรฅng av material och tillverkningstid.In order to be able to obtain the promised service life, etc. of a conventional oil-filled transformer, pumping to almost absolute vacuum is required in connection with the vacuum treatment. This thus presupposes that the box surrounding the transformer is designed for full vacuum, which means significant consumption of material and manufacturing time.

Om det i en oljefylld krafttransformator har skett elektriska urladdningar eller om det finns en lokal vรคsentlig hรถjning av temperaturen hos nรฅgon del av transformatom sรถnderdelas oljan och gasformiga produkter lรถses i oljan. Dessa transformatorer fรถrses dรคrfรถr i regel med รถvervakningsanordningar av lรถst gas i oljan.If there have been electrical discharges in an oil-filled power transformer or if there is a local significant increase in the temperature of any part of the transformer, the oil decomposes and gaseous products dissolve in the oil. These transformers are therefore generally equipped with loose gas monitoring devices in the oil.

Av viktskรคl transporteras stora krafttransforrriatorer utan olja. Montage av transformatorn pรฅ plats hos en kund krรคver i sin tur fรถrnyad vakuumbehandling. Detta รคr dessutom en process som mรฅste upprepas varje gรฅng lรฅdan har รถppnats fรถr nรฅgon รฅtgรคrd eller inspektion.For weight reasons, large power transformers are transported without oil. Installation of the transformer on site at a customer in turn requires renewed vacuum treatment. This is also a process that must be repeated each time the box has been opened for any action or inspection.

Det รคr uppenbart att dessa processer รคr mycket tidskrรคvande och utgรถr en vรคsentlig del av den totala tiden fรถr tillverkning och reparation samtidigt som den krรคver omfattande praktiska resurser.It is obvious that these processes are very time consuming and constitute a significant part of the total time for manufacture and repair while requiring extensive practical resources.

Isolationsmaterialet i en konventionell krafttransformator utgรถr en stor del av transformatoms totala volym. Fรถr en konventionell krafttransfonnator i det รถvre effektonirรฅdet รคr oljemรคngder i storleksordningen flera tiotals kubikmeter transforrnatorolja inte ovanliga. Oljan som uppvisar viss likhet med dieselolja รคr lรคttflytande med en relativt lรฅg ๏ฌ‚ampunkt. Det รคr sรฅledes uppenbart att olja tillsammans med cellulosan utgรถr en icke fรถrsumbar brandrisk vid oavsiktlig upphetming, exempelvis vid intemt รถverslag med av detta fรถrorsakar oljespill.The insulation material in a conventional power transformer makes up a large part of the total volume of the transformer. For a conventional upper transformer power transformer, amounts of oil in the order of several tens of cubic meters of transformer oil are not uncommon. The oil, which shows some resemblance to diesel oil, is easy to flow with a relatively low ๏ฌ‚ point. It is thus obvious that oil together with the cellulose constitutes a non-negligible fire risk in the event of unintentional heating, for example in the event of an internal spill, which causes oil spills.

Det รคr ocksรฅ uppenbart att det, speciellt vid konventionella oljefyllda krafttransformatorer, ๏ฌnns ett mycket stort transportproblem. En konventionell oljefylld krafttransformator i det รถvre effektomrรฅdet kan ha en total oljevolym pรฅ 40-50 kubikmeter som vรคger upp till 30-40 ton.It is also obvious that, especially with conventional oil-filled power transformers, there is a very large transport problem. A conventional oil-filled power transformer in the upper power range can have a total oil volume of 40-50 cubic meters weighing up to 30-40 tons.

Fรถr konventionella krafttransformatorer i det รถvre effektomrรฅdet sker transport ofta med en icke oljefylld lรฅda. Det fรถrekommer รคven att transformatoms yttre konstruktion mรฅste anpassas till den aktuella transportpro๏ฌlen, dvs till eventuell passage av broar, tunnlar m m.For conventional power transformers in the upper power range, transport often takes place with a non-oil-filled box. It also happens that the external construction of the transformer must be adapted to the current transport profile, ie to any passage of bridges, tunnels, etc.

Nedan fรถljer en kort sarmnanfattning av det som enligt teknikens stรฅndpunkt, nรคr det gรคller oljefyllda konventionella 40 45 gt sus 556 krafttransforrnatorer, kan beskrivas som begrรคnsnings- eller problemomrรฅden: En oljefylld konventionell krafttransformator - behรถver en yttre lรฅda i vilken skall inrymmas en transformator bestรฅende av en transfonnatorkรคma med spolar, olja fรถr isolering och kylning, mekaniska staganordningar av olika slag m m. Det stรคlls mycket stora mekaniska krav pรฅ lรฅdan, eftersom den, utan olja men med transformator, skall kunna vakuumbehandlas till sรฅ gott som fullt vakuum. Behovet av en yttre lรฅda innebรคr mycket omfattande tillverknings- och provningsprocesser. En lรฅda innebรคr ocksรฅ att transformatoms utvรคndiga mรฅtt blir vรคsentligt stรถrre รคn fรถr en sรฅ kallad "torr" transformator fรถr samma effekt. De stรถrre utvรคndiga mรฅtten medfรถr ocksรฅ i regel stora transportproblem. - รคri regel fรถrsedd med sรฅ kallad tryckoljekylning. Detta kylfรถrfarandet krรคver tillgรฅng till Oljepump, yttre kylelement, expansionskรคrl och -koppling m m. - har som en elektrisk fรถrbindelse mellan transfomatoms yttre anslutningar och de nรคrmast anslutna spolarna/lindningarna en genomfรถring ๏ฌxerad vid lรฅdan. Genomfรถringen รคr byggd fรถr att klara fรถrekommande isolationskrav bรฅde pรฅ lรฅdans utsida och insida. - innefattar spolar/lindningar vars ledare รคr uppdelade i ett antal ledarelement, parter, som mรฅste transponeras pรฅ ett sรฅdant sรคtt att den inducerade spรคnningen i varje part blir sรฅ lika som mรถjligt och sรฅ att skillnaden i inducerad spรคnning mellan varje par av parter blir sรฅ liten som mรถjligt. - innefattar ett isolationssystem dels inom en spole/lindning och dels mellan spolar/lindningar och รถvri ga metalldetaljer som รคr utformat som en fast cellulosa- eller lackbaserad isolation nรคrmast det enskilda ledarelementet samt dรคr utanfรถr av fast cellulosa och ๏ฌ‚ytande, eventuellt ocksรฅ gasformig, isolation. Det รคr dessutom synnerligen viktigt att isolationssystemet har en mycket lรฅg fukthalt. - har som en integrerad del en oljeomgiven lindningskopplare i regel kopplad till transformatorns hรถgspรคnningslindning fรถr spรคnningsreglering. - innebรคr en icke fรถrsumbar brandrisk i samband med inre partiella urladdningar, sรฅ kallad glimning, gnistbildning i lindningskopplare och andra feltillstรฅnd. 40 45 508 556 mi - fรถrses med en รถvervakningsanordning fรถr lรถst gas i oljan som uppstรฅr vid elektriska urladdningar och lokala temperaturhรถjningar. - kan vid skada eller olycksfall resultera i en omfattande miljรถskada pรฅ grund av oljeutslรคpp.The following is a brief summary of what according to the prior art, in the case of oil-filled conventional 40 45 gt sus 556 power transformers, can be described as limiting or problem areas: An oil-filled conventional power transformer - needs an outer box in which to accommodate a transformer consisting of a transformer core with coils, oil for insulation and cooling, mechanical stay devices of various kinds, etc. Very high mechanical demands are placed on the box, since it, without oil but with a transformer, must be able to be vacuum-treated to almost full vacuum. The need for an outer box involves very extensive manufacturing and testing processes. A box also means that the external dimensions of the transformer are significantly larger than for a so-called "dry" transformer for the same effect. The larger external dimensions also usually cause major transport problems. - is usually equipped with so-called pressure oil cooling. This cooling method requires access to an oil pump, external cooling elements, expansion vessels and coupling, etc. - has, as an electrical connection between the transformer's external connections and the nearest connected coils / windings, a bushing ๏ฌxerted at the drawer. The bushing is built to meet existing insulation requirements both on the outside and inside of the box. - comprises coils / windings whose conductors are divided into a number of conductor elements, parts, which must be transposed in such a way that the induced voltage in each part becomes as equal as possible and so that the difference in induced voltage between each pair of parties becomes so small as possible. - comprises an insulation system partly within a coil / winding and partly between coils / windings and other metal parts which are designed as a solid cellulose- or lacquer-based insulation closest to the individual conductor element and outside of solid cellulose and ๏ฌ‚-surface, possibly also gaseous, insulation. It is also extremely important that the insulation system has a very low moisture content. has as an integral part an oil-surrounded winding coupler usually connected to the transformer's high voltage winding for voltage regulation. - entails a non-negligible fire risk in connection with internal partial discharges, so-called flashing, sparking in winding couplers and other fault conditions. 40 45 508 556 mi - is equipped with a monitoring device for loose gas in the oil that occurs during electrical discharges and local temperature rises. - in the event of damage or accident can result in extensive environmental damage due to oil spills.

REDOGร–RELSE Fร–R UPPFINNINGEN, Fร–RDELAR Syftet med uppfinningen รคr att ta fram ett nytt transformatorkoncept som tรคcker det effektomrรฅde som angetts under beskrivningen av teknikens stรฅndpunkt, dvs sรฅ kallade krafttransformatorer med mรคrkeffekt frรฅn nรฅgot hundratal kVA upp till รถver 1000 MVA med mรคrkspรคnning frรฅn 3-4 kV och upp till mycket hรถga รถverfรถringsspรคnningar. En viktig del av syftet har varit att detta nya konceptet skall innefatta krafttransformatorer utan oljeisolation och oljekylning. En krafttransformator enligt detta nya koncept kommer nedan att omtalas som en "torr" la-afttransformator. En sรฅdan torr krafttransformator har uppenbara stora fรถrdelar relativt en konventionell oljefylld krafttransfonnator. Fรถrdelarna kommer att i mera detalj redovisas nedan. Som omtalat inledningsvis ingรฅr det i uppfinningen att konceptet รคven kan appliceras pรฅ reaktorer bรฅde med och utan jรคrnkรคma.DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION, ADVANTAGES The object of the invention is to develop a new transformer concept which covers the power range specified in the description of the state of the art, ie so-called power transformers with rated power from a few hundred kVA up to over 1000 MVA with rated voltage from 3-4 kV up to very high transmission voltages. An important part of the purpose has been that this new concept will include power transformers without oil insulation and oil cooling. A power transformer according to this new concept will be referred to below as a "dry" 1a-power transformer. Such a dry power transformer has obvious great advantages over a conventional oil-filled power transformer. The benefits will be reported in more detail below. As mentioned in the introduction, it is included in the invention that the concept can also be applied to reactors both with and without an iron core.

Fรถr att kunna uppnรฅ mรฅlsรคttningen enligt ovan kommer den vรคsentliga skillnaden mellan konventionella oljefyllda lcrafttransformatorer/reaktorer och en torr krafttransformator/reaktor att bestรฅ i att lindningarna tillverkas av en kabel innefattande รฅtminstone en ledare bestรฅende av ett antal kardeler med ett inre halvledande skikt rtmt kardelerna. Utanfรถr detta inre halvledande skikt ๏ฌnns kabelns huvudisolering i form av fast extruderad isolation samt omgivande denna fasta extruderade isolering ett yttre halvledande skikt. Kabeln kan i vissa sammanhang ha ytterligare yttre skikt.In order to achieve the above objective, the essential difference between conventional oil-filled power transformers / reactors and a dry power transformer / reactor will be that the windings are made of a cable comprising at least one conductor consisting of a number of strands with an inner semiconductor layer around the strands. Outside this inner semiconducting layer, the main insulation of the cable in the form of solid extruded insulation and surrounding this solid extruded insulation is an outer semiconducting layer. In some contexts, the cable may have additional outer layers.

En sรฅdan kabel som kommer till anvรคndning enligt uppfinningen รคr en vidareutveckling av en PEX-kabel eller en kabel med EP- gumrniisolation. Vidareutvecklingen innefattar bland annat ett nytt utfรถrande bรฅde vad ledarnas kardeler betrรคffar och att kabeln inte har nรฅgot yttre hรถlje fรถr mekaniskt skydd av kabeln.One such cable that comes into use according to the invention is a further development of a PEX cable or a cable with EP rubber insulation. The further development includes, among other things, a new design both as far as the conductors' strands are concerned and that the cable has no outer casing for mechanical protection of the cable.

En lindning bestรฅende av en sรฅdan kabel kommer att medfรถra helt andra isolatonstekniska fรถrutsรคttnigar รคn de som gรคller fรถr konventionella transformator/reaktorlindningar beroende pรฅ den elektriska faltfรถrdelningen. Fรถr att utnyttja de fรถrdelar som anvรคndandet av nรคmnda kabel medger ๏ฌnns andra mรถjliga fรถrfaranden vad betrรคffar jordning hos en transformator/reaktor enligt uppfinningen รคn vad som 40 45 nu sus sse gรคller fรถr konventionella oljefyllda krafttransforrnatorer. Dessa fรถrfaranden innefattar bland annat nรฅgra okonventionella principer som kommer att nรคrmare beskrivas i patentansรถkningar som lรคrrmas in samtidigt med denna ansรถkan.A winding consisting of such a cable will entail completely different isolating technical conditions than those that apply to conventional transformer / reactor windings depending on the electric field distribution. In order to take advantage of the advantages that the use of said cable allows, there are other possible methods with regard to earthing of a transformer / reactor according to the invention than what now applies to conventional oil-filled power transformers. These procedures include, inter alia, some unconventional principles which will be described in more detail in patent applications filed at the same time as this application.

Det รคr vรคsentligt och nรถdvรคndigt fรถr en lindning i en torr krafttransforrnator/reaktor enligt upp๏ฌnningen att รฅtminstone en av ledarens kardeler รคr oisolerad och sรฅ anordnad att god elektrisk kontakt รฅstadkommes med det inre halvledande skiktet. Det inre skiktet kommer sรฅledes alltid att ligga pรฅ ledarens poential.It is essential and necessary for a winding in a dry power transformer / reactor according to the invention that at least one of the conductors of the conductor is uninsulated and arranged so that good electrical contact is achieved with the inner semiconductor layer. The inner layer will thus always be at the potential of the conductor.

Nรคr det gรคller kardelema i รถvrigt kan samtliga eller vissa av de รถvriga vara lackerade.In the case of the strands in general, all or some of the others may be painted.

Att tillverka transformator- eller reaktorlindningar av en kabel enligt ovan innebรคr drastiska skillnader vad gรคller den elektriska fรคltfรถrdelningen mellan konventionella lcrafttransforrnatorer/reaktorer och en torr krafttransformatorreaktor enligt upp๏ฌnningen. Poรคngen med en sรฅdan kabel รคr att det inte ๏ฌnns nรฅgot elektriskt fรคlt utanfรถr det yttre halvledande skiktet. Det av den strรถmfรถrande ledaren รฅstadkomna elektriska fรคltet upptrรคder endast i den fasta huvudisoleringen. Bรฅde ur konstruktions- och tillverkningssynpunkt innebรคr detta vรคsentliga fรถrdelar: - transformatorns lindningar kan utfonnas utan att behรถva ta hรคnsyn till nรฅgon elektrisk fรคltfรถrdelning och den under teknikens stรฅndpunkt omtalade transponeringen av parter bortfaller - transforrnatoms kรคrnkonstruktion kan utfonnas utan att behรถva ta hรคnsyn till nรฅgon elektrisk faltfรถrdelning - det behรถvs ingen olja fรถr elektrisk isolation av kabel och lindning, dvs kabel och lindnings omgivande medium kan vara luft - den speciella genomfรถring genom lรฅdan hos en oljefylld krafttransformator fรถr elektrisk fรถrbindelse mellan transformatorns yttre anslutningar och de nรคrmast anslutna spolama/lindningarna behรถvs inte - den tillverknings- och provningsteknologi som behรถvs fรถr en torr krafttransformator enligt upp๏ฌnningen รคr vรคsentligt enklare รคn fรถr en konventionell krafttransformator/reaktor eftersom de under teknikens stรฅndpunkt beskrivna impregnerings-, torknings- och vakuumbehandlingama m m ej รคr behรถvliga. 45 sos 556 n RITNINGSFร–RTECKNING Figur l visar den elektriska fรกltfรถrdelningen kring en lindning hos en konventionell krafttransfonnator/reaktor.Manufacturing transformer or reactor windings from a cable as above involves drastic differences in the electric field distribution between conventional power transformers / reactors and a dry power transformer reactor according to the invention. The point of such a cable is that there is no electric field outside the outer semiconductor layer. The electric field provided by the live conductor appears only in the fixed main insulation. From both a design and manufacturing point of view, this means significant advantages: - the transformers' windings can be formed without having to take into account any electric field distribution and the transposition of parts mentioned in the prior art is eliminated - the transformer's core construction can be formed without having to take into account any electric field no oil is needed for electrical insulation of cable and winding, ie cable and winding surrounding medium can be air - the special penetration through the box of an oil-filled power transformer for electrical connection between the transformer's external connections and the nearest connected coils / windings is not needed - the manufacturing and test technology required for a dry power transformer according to the invention is considerably simpler than for a conventional power transformer / reactor because the impregnation, drying and vacuum treatments described under the prior art are not needed. iga. 45 sos 556 n LIST OF DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows the electric field distribution around a winding of a conventional power transformer / reactor.

Figur 2 visar ett exempel pรฅ en kabel som anvรคnds i lindningar hos lcrafttransforrnatorer/reaktorer enligt uppfinningen.Figure 2 shows an example of a cable used in windings of electric transformers / reactors according to the invention.

Figur 3 visar en utfรถringsform av en krafttransforrnatoi' enligt upp๏ฌnningen.Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a power transformer according to the invention.

BESKRIVNING AV UTFร–RINGSFORMER Ett exempel pรฅ en kabel som kan komma till anvรคndning i de lindningar som ingรฅr i torra krafttransforrnatorer/reaktorer enligt uppfinningen visas i ๏ฌgur 2. En sรฅdan kabel innefattar รฅtminstone en ledare 4 bestรฅende av ett antal kardeler 5 med ett inre runt kardelema halvledande skikt 6. Utanfรถr detta inre halvledande skikt ๏ฌnns kabelns huvudisolering 7 i form av fast extruderad isolation sarnt omgivande denna fasta extruderade isolering ett yttre halvledande skikt 8.Kabeln kan, som omtalat tidigare, vara fรถrsedd med andra fรถr speciella รคndamรฅl ytterligare yttre skikt, exempelvis fรถr att fรถrhindra fรถr hรถga elektriska pรฅkรคnningar pรฅ รถvriga omrรฅden av transformatom/reaktorn. Ur geometrisk dimensionssynpunkt kommer de aktuella kablama att ha en ledararea som ligger mellan 80 och 3000 mm2 och en yttre kabeldiaineter som ligger mellan 20 och 250 mm.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS An example of a cable that can be used in the windings included in dry power transformers / reactors according to the invention is shown in Figure 2. Such a cable comprises at least one conductor 4 consisting of a number of strands 5 with an inner round semiconductor core. layer 6. Outside this inner semiconductor layer, the main insulation 7 of the cable in the form of solid extruded insulation surrounds this solid extruded insulation an outer semiconducting layer 8. The cable can, as mentioned earlier, be provided with other special outer layers, for example for to prevent excessive electrical stresses in other areas of the transformer / reactor. From a geometric dimension point of view, the cables in question will have a conductor area between 80 and 3000 mm2 and an outer cable diameter between 20 and 250 mm.

Lindningar hos en torr krafttransformator/reaktor tillverkade av den under redogรถrelsen fรถr upp๏ฌnningen redovisade kabeln kan komma till anvรคndning bรฅde vid enfas-, trefas- och ๏ฌ‚erfas- transformatorer/reaktorer oberoende av hur kรคrnan รคr utformad. En utfรถringsfoim framgรฅr av figur 3 som visar en trefas larninerad kรคrntransformator. Kรคrnan bestรฅr pรฅ konventionellt sรคtt av tre kรคmben 9, 10 och 11 samt de samrnanhรฅllande oken 12 och 13. I den visade utfรถringsfonnen har bรฅde kรคrnbenen och oken avtrappade tvรคrsnitt.Windings of a dry power transformer / reactor manufactured by the cable reported during the presentation of the invention can be used in both single-phase, three-phase and three-phase transformers / reactors, regardless of how the core is designed. An embodiment is shown in Figure 3 which shows a three-phase laminated nuclear transformer. The core consists in a conventional manner of three core legs 9, 10 and 11 as well as the cohesive yokes 12 and 13. In the embodiment shown, both the core legs and the yoke have tapered cross-sections.

Koncentriskt kring kรคrnbenen finns de med kabel utformade lindningarna. Den i ๏ฌgur 3 visade utfรถringsforinen har som det frarngรฅr tre koncentriska lindningsvarv 14, 15 och 16. Det innersta lindningsvarvet 14 kan representera primรคrlindningen och de tvรฅ รถvriga lindningsvarven 15 och 16 kan representera sekimdรคrlindningen. Fรถr att inte belasta figuren med fรถr mรฅnga detaljer รคr lindningainas anslutningar ej visade. Av ๏ฌguren i รถvrigt framgรฅr att i den visade utfรถringsformen ๏ฌnns pรฅ vissa platser runt lindningarna distansskenor 17 och 18 med ๏ฌ‚era olika funktioner. Distansskenoma kan vara 45 Bl sas 556 utformade av isolerande material avsedda att ge ett visst utrymme mellan de koncentriska lindningsvarven fรถr kylning, stagning m m. De kan ocksรฅ vara utformade av elektriskt ledande material fรถr att ingรฅ i lindningarnas jordningssystem.Concentrically around the core legs are the cable-shaped windings. The embodiment shown in Figure 3 has, as it were, three concentric winding turns 14, 15 and 16. The innermost winding turn 14 can represent the primary winding and the other two winding turns 15 and 16 can represent the secondary winding. In order not to burden the figure with too many details, the windings' connections are not shown. In other respects, it appears from the embodiment shown that in some places around the windings there are spacer rails 17 and 18 with different functions. The spacer rails can be 45 Bls 556 formed of insulating material intended to provide a certain space between the concentric winding turns for cooling, bracing, etc. They can also be formed of electrically conductive material to be included in the grounding system of the windings.

Claims (6)

10 15 20 25 30 35 45 508 556 14 PATENTKRAV10 15 20 25 30 35 45 508 556 14 PATENT REQUIREMENTS 1. Krafttransforrnator/reaktor innefattande รฅtminstone en lindning k รค n n e t e c k n a d av att lindningen/lindningarna รคr utfรถrda med en kabel som innefattar en ledare (4) bestรฅende av ett antal kardeler (5) och med ett inre runt kardelerna halvledande skikt (6) samt utanfรถr detta inre halvledande skiktet en fast extruderad isolation (7) och omgivande denna fasta extruderade isolation ett yttre halvledande skikt (8).Power transformer / reactor comprising at least one winding characterized in that the winding / windings are made with a cable comprising a conductor (4) consisting of a number of strands (5) and with an inner semiconductor layer (6) around the strands and outside this inner semiconductor layer a solid extruded insulation (7) and surrounding this solid extruded insulation an outer semiconducting layer (8). 2. Krafttransfonnator/reaktor innefattande รฅtminstone en lindning enligt patentkrav 1 k รค n n e te c k n a d av att รฅtminstone en av ledarens kardeler รคr oisolerad och sรฅ anordnad att elektrisk kontakt รฅstadkommes med det inre halvledande skiktet.Power transformer / reactor comprising at least one winding according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the conductors of the conductor is uninsulated and arranged so as to provide electrical contact with the inner semiconductor layer. 3. Krafttransforrnator/reaktor innefattande รฅtminstone en lindning enligt patentkrav 1 k รค n n e t e c k n a d av att kablarna รคr tillverkade med en ledararea som ligger mellan 80 och 3000 mm2 och med en yttre kabeldiarneter som ligger mellan 20 och 250 mm.Power transformer / reactor comprising at least one winding according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables are manufactured with a conductor area of between 80 and 3000 mm2 and with an outer cable diarnet of between 20 and 250 mm. 4. Krafttransforrnator/reaktor innefattande รฅtminstone en lindning enligt patentkrav 1 k รค n n e t e c k n a d av att krafttransformatorn/reaktorn innefattar en jรคrnkรคrna bestรฅende av kรคrnben och ok.A power transformer / reactor comprising at least one winding according to claim 1, characterized in that the power transformer / reactor comprises an iron core consisting of core legs and yoke. 5. Krafttransformator/reaktor innefattande รฅtminstone en lindning enligt patentkrav 1 k รค n n e t e c k n a d av att krafttransformatorn/reaktorn รคr utformad utan jรคrnkรคma (luftlindad).A power transformer / reactor comprising at least one winding according to claim 1, characterized in that the power transformer / reactor is designed without an iron core (air wound). 6. Krafttransforrnator innefattande รฅtminstone tvรฅ galvaniskt skilda lindningar enligt patentkrav 1 k รค n n e t e c k n a d av att lindningarna รคr koncentriskt lindade.Power transformer comprising at least two galvanically separated windings according to claim 1, characterized in that the windings are concentrically wound.
SE9700335A 1996-05-29 1997-02-03 Power transformer and reactor with windings with conductors SE508556C2 (en)

Priority Applications (197)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9700335A SE508556C2 (en) 1997-02-03 1997-02-03 Power transformer and reactor with windings with conductors
CA002275619A CA2275619A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction and current limitation
GEAP19974610A GEP20022779B (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Power Transformer/ Reactor
EP97924473A EP0888661B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 An electric high voltage ac generator
AU30523/97A AU729780B2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Electromagnetic device
IL12709897A IL127098A0 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformer / reactor
JP09542206A JP2000511392A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 AC machine for high voltage
CN97196554A CN1105413C (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Rotating electrical machine plant
APAP/P/1998/001398A AP843A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 A DC transformer/reactor.
AT97925364T ATE266244T1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 TRANSFORMER/CHOKET COIL
EE9800410A EE03461B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Electromagnetic device, high voltage station or network, method of electric field control, method of making magnetic circuit and use of cable
DE69728972T DE69728972T2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
CA002255739A CA2255739A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 An electric high voltage ac machine
IL12731697A IL127316A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Dc transformer/reactor
BR9714227-1A BR9714227A (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method related to the protection of an object against excessive currents, including reduction of excessive current and current limitation
TR1998/02465T TR199802465T2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformat๏ฟฝr/Reakt๏ฟฝr.
IL12730797A IL127307A0 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Electromagnetic device
PCT/SE1997/000875 WO1997045847A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformer/reactor
TR1999/02195T TR199902195T2 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Tools and methods for protecting an object against over-currents, including over-current reduction and current limit
JP09542198A JP2000511387A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Electromagnetic device
BR9713738-3A BR9713738A (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to the protection of an object against excessive currents, including reduction of excessive current
CA002275616A CA2275616A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction
JP09542197A JP2000515357A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Rotary electric plant
UA98126367A UA45452C2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 HIGH VOLTAGE AC ELECTRIC MACHINE (OPTIONS) AND DISTRIBUTION OR MAIN NETWORK
PCT/SE1997/000889 WO1997045848A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 A dc transformer/reactor
EP97925364A EP0888628B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformer/reactor
CN97181829A CN1246213A (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction and current limitation
AU29878/97A AU730114B2 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against overcurrents comprising overcurrent reduction and current limitation
EP97924464A EP1008219A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction
PCT/SE1997/000881 WO1998027635A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction and current limitation
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CNB971966427A CN1257593C (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Electromagnetic device
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PCT/SE1997/000878 WO1997045907A2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Rotating electrical machine plants
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PCT/SE1997/000908 WO1997045933A2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 A method and a device for reducing third harmonic phenomena in a rotating electric alternating current machine
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EP97924465A EP1008220A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction and current limitation
AU29877/97A AU2987797A (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-curren ts comprising over-current reduction
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PCT/SE1997/000883 WO1998029929A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction and current limitation
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AU30521/97A AU731065B2 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformer, reactor
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PCT/SE1997/000880 WO1998027634A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Device and method relating to protection of an object against over-currents comprising over-current reduction
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EP97924471A EP0888627A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 A dc transformer/reactor
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CA002256347A CA2256347A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Electromagnetic device
SK1640-98A SK164098A3 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformer/reactor
CZ983879A CZ387998A3 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 Transformer/reactor
EA199801048A EA001096B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 A dc transformer/reactor
TR1999/02169T TR199902169T2 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Tool and method for protecting an object against overcurrent, including overcurrent reductions.
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PL97334132A PL334132A1 (en) 1996-12-17 1997-05-27 Apparatus and method related to protection of a facility against overcurrent including overcurrent reduction
AT97925366T ATE261203T1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-27 ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE
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IDP971798A ID19546A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-28 TRANSFORMER OR REACTOR
IDP971797A ID19692A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-28 FACTORY FOR ELECTRICAL SPINNING MACHINERY
IDP971792A ID18779A (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-28 ELECTROMAGNETIC EQUIPMENT
ARP970102320A AR007341A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
CO97029905A CO4650244A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 DC TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
ARP970102318A AR007339A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 HIGH VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRIC MACHINE
PE1997000445A PE67998A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 DC TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
ARP970102321A AR007342A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 INSTALLATION INCLUDING A HIGH VOLTAGE ROTARY ELECTRIC MACHINE; ROTARY MACHINE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SUCH INSTALLATION
ARP970102316A AR007337A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 DC TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
CO97029869A CO4600012A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 AN INSTALLATION THAT INCLUDES ROTARY ELECTRIC MACHINES
PE1997000437A PE73098A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE
CO97029868A CO4600757A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 REACTOR TRANSFORMER
PE1997000449A PE82798A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 HIGH VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRIC MACHINE
PE1997000440A PE73398A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 AN INSTALLATION THAT INCLUDES ROTARY ELECTRIC MACHINES
CO97029907A CO4650249A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 HIGH VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRIC MACHINE
CO97029935A CO4600011A1 (en) 1996-05-29 1997-05-29 ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE AND METHODS FOR THE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC FIELD AND PRODUCTION OF MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
TW086107962A TW419878B (en) 1996-05-29 1997-06-10 An electric high voltage ac machine
TW086107937A TW366503B (en) 1996-05-29 1997-06-10 Transformer/reactor
TW086107938A TW443024B (en) 1996-05-29 1997-06-10 Rotating electrical machine plants
UY24795A UY24795A1 (en) 1997-02-03 1997-11-26 TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
SE9704454A SE510451C2 (en) 1997-02-03 1997-11-28 Power transformer or reactor
SE9704453A SE510452C2 (en) 1997-02-03 1997-11-28 Transformer with voltage regulator
ZA98839A ZA98839B (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
AU58902/98A AU5890298A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage regulating means
NZ336521A NZ336521A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor with conductor having electric field containment and varying cross-sectional area of the conductor
EA199900713A EA001716B1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
AU58903/98A AU726018B2 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
AT98902348T ATE276578T1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 TRANSFORMER WITH VOLTAGE REGULATION MEANS
KR1019997006908A KR20000070659A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
DE69826243T DE69826243T2 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 TRANSFORMER WITH VOLTAGE REGULATORS
US09/355,726 US6995646B1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage regulating means
CZ992699A CZ269999A3 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer windings or chokes
PCT/SE1998/000151 WO1998034249A1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage regulating means
JP53279498A JP2001509956A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Windings in transformers or inductors
EEP199900286A EE03458B1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage regulator
CN98802240A CN1246956A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Windings inside a transformer or inductor
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CZ0269899A CZ298079B6 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage regulating means
CA002278236A CA2278236A1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
BR9807149-1A BR9807149A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer or inductor winding
APAP/P/1999/001608A AP1051A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor.
EP98902348A EP0956571B1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage regulating means
JP53279398A JP2001509955A (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer with voltage adjustment means
PL98334876A PL334876A1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Transformer or exciter winding
EP98902349A EP1016101A1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
UA99094916A UA46890C2 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 POWER TRANSFORMER OR INDUCTOR IN THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
PCT/SE1998/000152 WO1998034244A1 (en) 1997-02-03 1998-02-02 Winding in transformer or inductor
OA9800227A OA10927A (en) 1996-05-29 1998-02-27 Transformer/reactor
IS4896A IS4896A (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-17 Turn the electricity Machinery Plant
IS4895A IS1798B (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-17 Transformer / inductor
IS4903A IS4903A (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-20 DC voltage / reel
BG102944A BG63415B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-23 ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVICE
OA9800226A OA11018A (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-25 A dc transformer/reactor
NO985499A NO985499L (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-25 Likestr รท mstransformator / reactor
BG102964A BG63442B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-27 Dc transformer/converter
SE9804084A SE513493C2 (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-27 Power transformer and reactor with windings with conductors
NO985553A NO985553L (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-27 High voltage electric alternator
NO985583A NO985583L (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-27 Electromagnetic device
NO985581A NO985581L (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-27 Transformer / reactor
NO985582A NO985582L (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-27 Rotary electric machine system
SE9804134A SE520890C2 (en) 1996-05-29 1998-11-30 Electromagnetic apparatus with magnetic field generating electric circuit
BG103009A BG63413B1 (en) 1996-05-29 1998-12-11 TRANSFORMER / REACTOR
IS5114A IS5114A (en) 1997-02-03 1999-07-13 Transformer with voltage adjusting device
IS5115A IS5115A (en) 1997-02-03 1999-07-13 Wrap in voltage or coil
CU1999102A CU22673A3 (en) 1997-02-03 1999-07-29 FORCE TRANSFORMER OR INDUCTOR IN AN ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSPORTATION OR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
NO993734A NO993734L (en) 1997-02-03 1999-08-02 Winding for a transformer or inductor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9700335A SE508556C2 (en) 1997-02-03 1997-02-03 Power transformer and reactor with windings with conductors

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Publication Number Publication Date
SE9700335D0 SE9700335D0 (en) 1997-02-03
SE9700335L SE9700335L (en) 1998-08-04
SE508556C2 true SE508556C2 (en) 1998-10-12

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UY (1) UY24795A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA98839B (en)

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SE9700335L (en) 1998-08-04
ZA98839B (en) 1998-08-25
SE9700335D0 (en) 1997-02-03

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