SE506723C2 - Method and apparatus for making a basic structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention refers to a method for production of a plinth foundation structure. A coordinate net of cords (26, 28) with points of intersection (30) at the location of the plinths (22) is arranged detachable in fixtures (32) on a frame (10) surrounding the building (20). The plinth positions are colour marked (40) on the ground, the cords are removed and a very stiff concrete mixture is deposited as a conical heap (22) at each plinth position. Thereafter the cords (26, 28) are put back and a threaded rod (46) is pushed down vertically in respective heap (22) immediately next to respective intersection points (30) of the cords (26, 28). Nuts (48) are placed on the bars (46) as supports for the building (20) to be. The invention also refers to a device for accomplishing of the method as well as a use of the method.

Description

506 723 to the attached, schematic drawing. In the drawing: Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a construction site with a device according to the invention, Figs. 2-4 a detailed view of the construction site in Fig. 1 during different stages of casting of a plinth foundation, Fig. 5 a side view of plinths during casting showing concrete supply, Fig. 6 a side section of the construction site in Fig. 1 with pre-cast plinths, Fig. 7a a cut detail view of Fig. 1 showing a rope bracket, Fig. 7b a plan view of the rope bracket in Fig. 7a, Fig. 8a a cut detail view of an alternative rope bracket, Fig. 8b a plan view of the line bracket in Fig. 8a, Fig. 9 a detail of a building with a base terminal according to the invention, and Figs. 10a, 10b show examples of a construction site in perspective with the respective outer frame.

The foundation work begins, as with conventional foundation construction, by clearing the ground surface 11 and digging it down to the intended depth for the foundation's lower surface. When laying on rock, the rock surface is cleaned and when laying on a soft surface, the necessary soil reinforcement and possible frost insulation is made. A simple wooden frame 10 consisting of horizontal bars 12 and posts 14 and with opposite sides 15, 16 and 16, respectively. 17, 18 are built around at a distance from the outer contour of the planned building 20. The frame 10 is arranged in a plane slightly above the intended upper surface 24 of the terminals 22. Between opposite sides, 15, 16 resp. 17, 18, wires 26, 28 are then tensioned in such a way that they form a coordinate network, where the intersection points 30 lie opposite the location of each terminal 22. The position of the wires 26, 28 and thus the intersection points 30 is determined in a manner known per se with measuring instruments or by means of measuring tape / measuring line and 506 723 known planimetric methods, such as diagonal measurement. Once two baselines 26A and 28A have been determined, which meet at a base point 30A, the other wires 26, 28 can be easily brought into place by measuring the desired spacing along the opposite sides 15-16 and 17-18, respectively, by means of measuring tape. or interpreter.

The wires 26, 28 are easily moved away by being placed in upwardly open fixtures 32 on the upper surface 33 of the sides 15-18. The fixtures in their simplest form consist of a pair of nails 34, 36 placed diagonally in relation to the stretch of the wires 26, 28. They can also be more complicated and lavish, e.g. a fixture 32 with a V-shaped groove 35 for the wire, which is adjusted in position and nailed to the frame parts 12.

The fixtures 32 may also include a spacer member 37 which provides an exact, desired distance to the adjacent fixture.

The spacer part can have a fixed dimension or be cutable. To keep the wires 26, 28 taut, at least one end is provided with a weight 38.

The procedure for casting terminals is as follows. After applying the wire mesh 26, 28 over the molding plastic, at each terminal position, for example with a paint spray can on the ground surface, make marks 40 under the wires 26, 28 directly below and / or on either side of the cutting point 30 of the wires.

Connecting lines between opposite color markings 40 then intersect below the respective intersection 30, i.e. in the center of the future terminal 22. When all the terminal positions are marked, the wires are lifted to the side. A very rigid, ready-mixed concrete 41 is supplied by means of an extendable and pivotable conveyor belt 42 to each terminal position 22, the color markings 40 showing the exact position of the concrete deposition. In order to obtain an accurate control of the concrete supply, a funnel 44 is suitably arranged below the unloading end of the conveyor belt. The concrete used should have a stiffness, which is denoted by set dimensions 5 or 6, and has the property that it 506 723 adjusts with a natural angle of inclination of 30 ° - 55 °, preferably about 45 °. A cone-shaped pile 22 is thus obtained in each terminal position. The height of the pile, ie when the concrete matting is interrupted, is determined with a balance instrument or most easily with an eye mat, whereby the wooden frame 10 can be used as a line of sight or flight.

Once all the piles have been deposited in place, the wires 26, 28 are put back in their fixtures 32 and a threaded rod 46 is pushed down vertically into the top of each pile 22. By using the wires as a guide and consistently placing the rods in the same quadrant in the wire cross 30, you get an accurate positioning of the threaded rods of a few millimeters when. Then, when the concrete has hardened, place nuts 48 on each bar and weigh them in vertically with a balance instrument or laser bar. Preferably, double nuts 48 are used, which are locked against each other. A washer or support plate 49 can be placed on top of the nuts. The upper surface of the nuts, washers or support plates is intended to abut the underside of the building's floor.

When constructing a building 20 on the ground plinths 22, floor beams or supporting beams 50 are placed on the rods 46 and screwed on with additional nuts 48. The beams or beams have at least partially through holes for the rods 48 or also laterally projecting plates with mounting holes. This basic construction has the advantage that it can easily be adjusted in height afterwards in the event of any installation by lifting the beams 50 with a jack and screwing the nuts 48 up or down until the desired height position is reached.

The building 20 may be completely open from the sides below or have a foundation wall or other screen along the outer wall. To build a foundation wall of, for example, Leca® blocks, you only need to lay a horizontal, flat string of concrete on the ground and mark its upper surface with a batten or 506 723 string. Any irregularities are evened out with different thicknesses of mortar at the masonry.

The base plinths can be varied in different ways within the scope of the invention. The cones can be flattened and have a larger or smaller flat surface 24 at the top and the edges can be smoothed by steel grinding or application of a more fluid-fine fine insert to avoid cracks, which can lead to frost cracking. Furthermore, a “cage” of reinforcing mesh or reinforcing iron can be placed on the ground before the concrete is applied or placed in a started cone during a break in the concrete supply to give a reinforced base plinth. Usually the frame 10 is horizontal, but it can also be inclined, e.g. if you want to set up foundations for benches on a slope. Instead of a threaded rod 46, one can arrange two or more such rods or arrange some other type of support point for the building 20 in the cone-shaped pile 22. Then one must arrange additional wires in the same plane in at least one the direction to obtain more than one intersection point 30 across each terminal position.

In this way you can e.g. adapt the complement to special connection details in large prefabricated building elements.

The fixtures 32 can also be integrated with the frame sides 15-18, which, however, requires a careful measurement of these before they are fixed with posts in the ground.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, a second frame 10 is arranged at a higher level than the first frame 10 with associated wires 26 ', 28' forming a second coordinate network, which lie directly above or are laterally offset by the thickness of the threaded rods 46. in relation to the first wires 26, 28. These wires then form a guide when inserting the rods 46 in the terminal piles 22 and in this way the rods can be easily and quickly put in place with an accuracy sufficient for most applications. See Fig. 4.

Claims (10)

A method for producing a basic structure with base plinths (22) for a building (20), characterized in that it comprises the working steps of a) clearing the ground at the construction site (ll), excavating it. and frost-insulated and ground-reinforced if necessary in a conventional manner, b) a frame (10) is arranged around and at a distance from the outermost plinths (22) of the intended building (20) with an upper surface (33) in a plane above the future plinths surface (24), c) a coordinate network of elements (26, 28) is measured and removably inserted into upwardly open fixtures (32) on the frame (10) so that the center of each terminal (22) corresponds to the point of intersection (30) between two elements (26, 28), d) markings are made under the elements on the ground (ll) in each terminal position directly below and / or on either side of the intersection point (30) of the elements, after which the elements (26, 28) are temporarily removed, e) a very rigid concrete is applied to each plinth position to form a cone-shaped pile (22), wherein the sides of the cone are allowed to adjust to the natural angle of inclination of 30 ° -55 °, preferably about 45% f) the elements (26, 28) are returned and a support point (46) for the building (20) is arranged at the top of each pile ( 22) below the points of intersection of the elements (30). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that concrete with a stiffness denoted by set dimensions 5 or 6 or higher is used and / or that reinforcing material is applied in the respective concrete pile (22). 506 723 Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a threaded rod (46) is lowered vertically into the pile (22) immediately adjacent to the respective elements (26, 28) at the point of intersection (30) and that at least one nut (48) is applied to the bar (46) and balanced at the level of the underside of the floor (50) of the future building (20). Apparatus for carrying out a method of manufacturing a base structure with base plinths for a building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a frame (10) having on its upper surface (33) having fixtures (32) for between opposite sides (15, 16 and 17, 18), respectively, extending, removed elements (26, 28), which form a coordinate network, the points of intersection (30) of which lie over the respective future base plinth (22) and show its position, as well as concrete which is very rigid, with set dimensions 5 or 6 and / or comprising reinforcement. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the fixtures (32) consist of upwardly open fixtures, for example a pair of nails (34, 36) or a special fixture (32) which can be fastened to the upper surface (33) of the frame (10) (32). comprising a V-shaped insert (35) for the elements (26, 28) and / or a spacer part (37) for adjacent fixture (32) and / or that the elements (26, 28) are flexible and at least one end has a weight (38) for stretching the same. Device according to claims 4-5, characterized in that second elements (26 ', 28'), which are displaced laterally and / or vertically relative to the first elements (26, 28) to form at least one further intersection point (30 ') over at least some terminal positions. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that a second frame (10) at a higher level than the first frame (10) with associated, a coordinate network forming second elements (26 ', 28'), which lie directly above or are 506 723 offset with the thickness of the threaded rods (46) relative to the first elements (26, 28) to form a guide when inserting the rods (46) into the terminal piles (22). Base plinth made by the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of a conical pile of concrete (22) which has been allowed to flow freely from above during casting, so that its sides are formed according to the natural race angle, and that it at the top shows a storage point (46) for the building (20) which is intended to be erected on the base plinth. Base terminal according to claim 8, characterized in that said support point is constituted by a threaded rod (46) with at least one nut or the like (48) for height adjustment. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-3 and device according to any one of claims 4-7 for producing a basic construction of a building (20) without shaping and tearing.