SE2250046A1 - Separator for a secondary cell - Google Patents
Separator for a secondary cellInfo
- Publication number
- SE2250046A1 SE2250046A1 SE2250046A SE2250046A SE2250046A1 SE 2250046 A1 SE2250046 A1 SE 2250046A1 SE 2250046 A SE2250046 A SE 2250046A SE 2250046 A SE2250046 A SE 2250046A SE 2250046 A1 SE2250046 A1 SE 2250046A1
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- lithium
- group
- secondary cell
- inorganic particles
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 alkali metal cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RXKLBLXXQQRGJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O RXKLBLXXQQRGJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IESBVSNCDNHMSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F IESBVSNCDNHMSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WLLOZRDOFANZMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F WLLOZRDOFANZMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O ANFWGAAJBJPAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurotyl Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)F KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIRAMZRKLHPLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[Li+] ZIRAMZRKLHPLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XKLXIRVJABJBLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound [Li].FC(F)(F)C1=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N1 XKLXIRVJABJBLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- DIEXQJFSUBBIRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) borate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COB(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F DIEXQJFSUBBIRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F ZMQDTYVODWKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000002094 self assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000213578 camo Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100024133 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000910772 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- RWCIVBBAADOXMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 RWCIVBBAADOXMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
A porous separator for a secondary cell, the secondary cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a liquid electrolyte, characterized in that the separator comprises inorganic particles attached to the separator, wherein the particles are functionalized; a method for its manufacture; a secondary cell comprising the separator; as well as a vehicle comprising such separator or secondary cell.
Description
SEPARATOR FOR A SECONDARY CELL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to a porous separator for a secondary cell. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a porous separator for a secondary cell, where the separator comprises functionalized inorganic particles that are attached to the separator, a method for manufacturing the separator, as well as a vehicle comprising such separator or secondary cell.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND Rechargeable batteries having high energy density and discharge voltage, in particular Li-ion batteries, are an important component in portable electronic devices and are a key enabler for the electrification of transport and large-scale storage of electricity. ln such batteries the cathode and anode are positioned close to each other and to avoid short-circuit that would cause battery failure and serious safety hazard due to overheating and potential fire, a separator is inserted between the cathode and anode to electrically isolate them from each other. The separator still allows ionic conductivity to permit charge and discharge of the battery. ln many common battery technologies, including Li-ion batteries, this ion transport occurs in a liquid electrolyte and the separator is typically a porous membrane that allows the electrolyte to contact both electrodes throughout its porous structure, while the sepa rator does not participate in the electrochemical reaction.
To reach higher energy densities, new types of batteries are being developed. ln rechargeable metal batteries, the anode consists of the metal whose corresponding cation carries the current in the electrolyte. ln these batteries, the cation is reduced to its metal form on the anode during charge instead of behind inserted into a host structure (e.g. graphite in Li-ion batteries). Removing such host material reduces the weight of the battery that can thus store a higher density of energy per mass and volume. However, rechargeable metal batteries, and in particular rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs), face problems due to metal dendrite formation when the corresponding cation is deposited on the anode. That risk increases upon repetition of charging and discharging cycles or during particularly fast charging conditions. This is a disadvantage for the cycling stability as some of these dendrites can break off and get electronically disconnected, removing access to useful charge in the battery. lt also increases the risk for short-circuits in the secondary cell as dendrite can grow through the porous separator and contact the anode and cathode. lncreasing the uniformity of the metal plating is important to reduce the risk of dendrite formation. This uniformity is greatly influenced by the transport of corresponding metal ions in the electrolyte to the anode, as formalized in the so-called Sand's theory (Philos. Mag., 1901, 1, 45-79). The transference number of the specific metal ion, i.e. the share of the total current that is transported by said ions, is one of the parameters controlling the transport. A higher cation transference number is beneficial for smoother deposition of the metal and reduces the risk of dendrite formation (Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 3221-3229).
A recent study by Lee et al., (ACA Appl. |\/later. lnterfaces, 2020, 12, 37188-37196), shows that a dispersion of SiOZ-particles in a liquid electrolyte (so-called colloidal electrolyte) can improve the cation transference number. Surface groups naturally present on the SiOZ-particles interact with the anions in the electrolyte. As a result, more current is being supported by the cation, Li*, thereby increasing the lithium transference number.
However, dispersed particles in the electrolyte may come into contact and interact with both electrodes in an uncontrolled way and the stability of this dispersion over the battery lifetime is unknown. Implementing solutions to overcome these limitations can help to further improve the cation transference number and reduction of metal dendrite formation in electrochemical devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object ofthe present invention is to provide an improved separator for a secondary cell.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION ln a first aspect, the present invention relates to a porous separator for a secondary cell, the secondary cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a liquid electrolyte, characterized in that the separator comprises inorganic particles attached to the separator, wherein the particles are functionalized.
All aspects and embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with any other aspect and embodiment disclosed herein. ln one embodiment, the inorganic particles may be attached to one or two sides of the separator. Preferably, the inorganic particles may be attached to the side of the separator facing the cathode. Alternatively, the inorganic particles are attached to the side of the separator facing the anode. ln a further embodiment, the inorganic particles are dispersed throughout the separator. Preferably, the inorganic particles have an average size of from about 0.01 um to about 3 um, or from about 0.1 to about 1.0 um, 0.1 um to about 0.8 um, or from 0.1 um to about 0.15 um.
Controlling the surface chemistry of the inorganic particles enables optimization of the cation transference number. Attaching the functionalized inorganic particles to the separator avoids problems with sedimentation and uneven distribution of the particles in the liquid e|ectro|yte.
This improves the stability over time of the e|ectrochemica| device. ln one embodiment, the separator comprises a porous substrate comprising a po|ymer selected from the group consisting of PE, PP, PVDF, PVDF-HFP, PAN, PEI, Pl, ABS, PC or mixtures or copolymeric mixtures thereof. Preferably, the thickness of the porous substrate is in the range of from about 3 um to about 20 um. The separator preferably has a porosity in the range of from about 25% to about 75%, preferably from about 30% to about 50%. The term "porosity" as used herein denotes the percentage of void space in the separator material. ln a second aspect, the present invention relates to a secondary cell comprising an anode, a cathode, a liquid electrolyte, and the separator according to the first aspect of the invention positioned between the anode and the cathode. The inorganic particles may be attached to the side of the separator facing the cathode, or the inorganic particles may be attached to the side of the separator facing the anode, or the inorganic particles may be attached to the side of the separator facing the cathode as well as to the side facing the anode. Alternatively, the inorganic particles may be dispersed throughout the separator. ln one embodiment, the secondary cell is a lithium ion or lithium metal battery. ln one embodiment, the liquid electrolyte contains at least one lithium salt and at least one or more solvent selected from the group consisting of carbonate solvents and their fluorinated equivalents, diC1.4 ethers and their fluorinated equivalents and ionic liquids. The lithium salt is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFS|), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LEFTFSE), lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiPTFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (LiDFOP), lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate (LiTFOP), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium nitrate (LiNOg) lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazole (LiTDl). The solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR13-FSI), N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR13-TFSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR14-FSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14-TFSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (E|\/|||\/I-FSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (E|\/|||\/I-TFSI), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC), and their fluorinated equivalents. The term "fluorinated equivalents" denotes that one or more of the hydrogen atoms are exchanged for fluorine atom(s). The liquid electrolyte may also contain functional additives in the form of salt or solvent additives, for example one or more additives selected from the group consisting of unsaturated cyclic carbonates, such as vinylene carbonate; fluorinated lithium phosphates; cyclic sulfates; and cyclic sulfones; as well as diluents, for example one or more diluents selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethers, for example 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, or bis(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)ether; fluorinated carbonates, for example or bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate; fluorinated orthoformates, for example tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) orthoformate; fluorinated phosphates, for example tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate; fluorinated phosphites, for example tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite; or fluorinated borates, for example tris(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl) borate. ln an embodiment, the positive electrode active material in the cathode is selected from one or more of a lithium transition metal composite oxide, including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and manganese (|\/ln) as transition metals, preferably wherein the content of nickel is at least 83 mol% based on all transition metals; and a lithium metal phosphate, including at least one transition metal, preferably wherein the transition metal includes iron (Fe). ln an embodiment, the negative electrode active material in the anode is selected from one or more of a carbonaceous material, such as a graphitic material or a hard carbon or a combination thereof; silicon; silicon oxides described as SiOX, where O lithium metal; and lithium alloy. ln one embodiment each inorganic particle comprises or consists of a metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Mg, Zn, B, Zr, Ba, Ti, Pb, Li, Ta, and Nb, or a combination thereof. Preferably, each inorganic particle comprises a metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, |\/lg, Zn, B, Zr, Ba, Ti, Pb, Li, Ta, and Nb, or a combination thereof. More preferably, the inorganic particles comprise a metal or metalloid, e.g. Si, Al, |\/lg, Zn, B, Zr, Ba, Ti, Pb, Li, Ta, and Nb, or a combination thereof, in the form of oxide, hydroxide, nitrite, nitride, sulphate, phosphate, or any combination thereof. Even more preferably, the inorganic particles are selected from the group consisting of SiOZ, AlzOg, ZrOZ, TiOZ, |\/|gO, ZnO, BaTiO4, BaTiO3, PbZrXTi1_XO3 (PZT) where x is any number between 1-10 (piezoelectric material),Ta2O_f,, NbzOg, AIO(OH) (boehmite), IV|g(OH)2, AI(OH)3, AlN, AI(NO3)3, BN, Si3N4, BaSO4, AIPO4, LiZO, LiZOZ, Li1_4Al0_4Ti1_6(PO4)3 (LATP), LiyLagZrzOlz (LLZO), LiAlOz. AlN is advantageous as it is a good heat conductor. An advantage with BaTiOg and PZT is that they have a high dielectric constant. ln one embodiment, the inorganic particles are all of the same kind. ln one embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic particles are functionalized with a monomolecular layer. The monomolecular layer constitutes molecular assemblies, where each molecule has the general formula X-Y-Z, wherein: X is a moiety, referred to as the head group, that is attached to the inorganic particle and is selected from the group consisting of PO(OR)2, wherein each R is independently selected from a hydrogen, a C1.100 alkyl, a C1.100 perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluorinated alkyl, a C6.100 aryl chain, a C6.100alkyl aryl chain, a C6.100 aryl alkyl chain; a P(O)O2IV| group or an OP(O)O2IV| group, wherein M is a metal cation, preferably one or several alkali metal cations, and more preferably one or several from the group comprising lithium, sodium, and potassium cations; an OPOgRz group, wherein each R is independently selected from a hydrogen, a C1.mo alkyl, a C1.mo perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluorinated alkyl, a Camo aryl chain, a Camoalkyl aryl chain, a Camo aryl alkyl chain; a sulphonic acid; a carboxylic acid; a thiol; and a silane, preferably a chlorosilane or an alkoxysilane; Y, referred to as the tail, is selected from a C1.mo alkyl; a C1.mo perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluorinated alkyl; a Camo aryl chain; a Camoalkyl aryl chain; a Camo aryl alkyl chain; (CH2(CH2),,O)n or (CH2(CH2),,S)n, where n is an integer between 1 and 50 and p is an integer between 1 and 50; and (CF(CF3)CF2O)m(CF2)2CF3, (CF2CF(CF3)O)m(CF2)2CF3, (CF2CF2CF2O)m(CF2)2CF3, or (CF2CF2O)m(CF2)CF3 where m is an integer between 1 and 100; wherein at least one hydrogen atom in all the above-mentioned non-perhalogenated chains may be substituted by a halogen atom, preferably fluorine; Z is a polar moiety, referred to as the terminal functional group, selected from the group consisting of OH, COOH, COH, C(S)OH, CONHZ, CSNHZ, NHZ, SH, CN, N02, PO(OH)2 and triazolium.
The X moiety preferably has a strong affinity to the surface of the inorganic particle. Preferably X is phosphonic acid, a P(O)O2M group, an OP(O)O2M group, or OPOgHz. ln a preferred embodiment the chain lengths for Y are Cago, Cm.ao, Cm.7o, or Cgogo, wherein some of the carbon atoms in the alkyl chain may be halogenated, such as by fluorine, or may be exchanged for an oxygen atom, or wherein the alkyl chain is perhalogenated, such as by fluorine atoms.
By attaching functionalized inorganic particles in, or to, the separator, according to the present invention, metal dendrite formation can be suppressed, and the cation transference number may be increased. The secondary cell according to the present invention may have a cation transference number of at least 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, or 0.8.
Functionalizing the inorganic particle with a monolayer provides for a significant change in surface property even though the layer is very thin, such as a few nanometers. ln any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the inorganic particles are preferably functionalized with a self- assembled monolayer (SAM), i.e. the monomolecular layer may constitute SAM. A self- assembled monolayer is a one molecule thick layer that is spontaneously formed on the surface of the inorganic particle, i.e. the SAM may be formed on the inorganic particle without guidance from any external source. The person skilled in the art is well familiar with the concept of SAM.
The molecules forming the monolayer are organized in more or less ordered domains. SAM enables quick and low-cost fabrication, allows for a broad range and high control of functionalities, and provides for stability of the binding to the surface of the inorganic particle. Further, SAM can target specific substrates, which enables selective functionalization of the inorganic particles without affecting the rest of the separator materials. ln a third aspect, the present invention relates to a vehicle comprising a separator according to the first aspect, or a secondary cell according to the second aspect of the present invention. ln a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a separator according to the first aspect of the present invention. ln one embodiment, the method comprises functionalizing the inorganic particle, followed by attaching the thereby functionalized inorganic particle to the separator. ln an alternative embodiment, the method comprises attaching the inorganic particle to the separator, followed by functionalizing the inorganic particle.
Claims (13)
1.A porous separator for a secondary cell, the secondary cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a liquid electrolyte, characterized in that the separator comprises inorganic particles attached to the separator, wherein the particles are functionalized.
2.The separator according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particles are attached to one or two sides of the separator.
3.The separator according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particles are dispersed throughout the sepa rator.
4.The separator according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the inorganic particles have an average size of from about 0.01 um to about 3 um.
5.The separator according to claim 1, wherein the separator comprises a porous substrate comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of PE, PP, PVDF, PVDF-HFP, PAN, PEI, Pl, ABS, PC or mixtures or copolymeric mixtures thereof.
6.The separator according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the porous substrate is in the range of frorn about 3 um to about 2G um,
7.The separator according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the porous substrate has a porosity in the range of from about 25% to about 75%
8.The separator according to any one of the previous claims, wherein each inorganic particle comprises or consists of a metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Mg, Zn, B, Zr, Ba, Ti, Pb, Li, Ta, Nb.
9.The separator according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the inorganic particles comprise a metal or metalloid in the form of oxide, hydroxide, nitrite, nitride, sulphate, phosphate, or any combination thereof.
10.The separator according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the inorganic particles are selected from the group consisting of SiOZ, AlzOg, ZrOZ, TiOZ, |\/|gO, ZnO, BaTiO4, PbZrXTi1_XO3 where x is any number between 1-10 (piezoelectric material), Ta2O5, NbzOs, A|O(OH) (boehmite), IV|g(OH)2, AI(OH)3, AIN, Al(NO3)s, BN, Si3N4, BaSO4, AIPO4, Lizo, Lizoz, Li1_4A|0_4Ti1_6(Po4)3 (LATP), Lmagzrzolz (LLzo), LiAloz.
11.The separator according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the inorganic particles are all of the same kind.
12.The separator according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the inorganic particles are functionalized with a monomolecular layer.
13. The separator according to claim 12, wherein the monomolecular layer has the general formula X-Y-Z, wherein: X is a moiety that is attached to the inorganic particle and is selected from the group consisting of POlüRåg, wherein each R is independently selected from a hydrogen, a Cl. 100 alkyl, a C1.100 perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluorinated alkyl, a C6.100 aryl chain, a C6.100alkyl aryl chain, a C6.100 aryl alkyl chain; a P(O)O2IV| group or an OP(O)O2IV| group, wherein M is a metal cation, preferably one or several alkali metal cations, and more preferably one or several selected from the group comprising lithium, sodium, and potassium cations; an OPOgRz group, wherein each R is independently selected from a hydrogen, a C1.100 alkyl, a C1.100 perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluorinated alkyl, a C6.100 aryl chain, a C6.100alkyl aryl chain, a C6.100 aryl alkyl chain; a sulphonic acid; a carboxylic acid; a thiol; and a silane, preferably a chlorosilane or an alkoxysilane; Y is selected from a C1.100 alkyl; a C1.100 perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluorinated alkyl; a C6.100 aryl chain; a C6.100alkyl aryl chain; a C6.100 aryl alkyl chain; (CH2(CH2),,O)n or (CH2(CH2),,S)n, where n is an integer between 1 and 50 and p is an integer between 1 and 50; and (CF(CF3)CF2O)m(CF2)2CF3, (CF2CF(CF3)O)m(CF2)2CF3, (CF2CF2CF2O)m(CF2)2CF3, or (CF2CF2O)m(CF2)CF3, where m is an integer between 1 and 100; wherein at least one hydrogen atom in all the above-mentioned non-perhalogenated chains may be substituted by a halogen atom, preferably fluorine; Z is a polar moiety selected from the group consisting of OH, COOH, COH, C(S)OH, CONHZ, CSNHZ, NHZ, SH, CN, N02, PO(OH)2 and triazolium. A secondary cell comprising an anode, a cathode, a liquid electrolyte, and the separator according to any one of claims 1-13 positioned between the anode and the cathode. The secondary cell according to claim 14, wherein the inorganic particles are attached to the side of the separator facing the cathode. A secondary cell according to claim 14, wherein the inorganic particles are attached to the side of the separator facing the anode. A secondary cell according to claim 14, wherein the inorganic particles are attached to the side of the separator facing the cathode as well as to the side facing the anode. A secondary cell according to claim 14, wherein the inorganic particles are dispersed throughout the sepa rator. The secondary cell according to any one of claims 14-18, wherein the liquid electrolyte contains at least one lithium salt and at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of carbonate solvents and their fluorinated equivalents, diC1.4 ethers and their fluorinated equivalents and ionic liquids. The secondary cell according to claim 19, wherein the lithium salt is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSl), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSl), lithium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiPTFSI), lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiPTFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (LiDFOP), lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate (LiTFOP), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium nitrate (LiNOg), lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazole (LiTD|); and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), N-propyl-N- methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR13-FSI), N-propyl-N- methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR13-TFSI), l-butyl-l- methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR14-FSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14-TFSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (E|\/|||\/I-FSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (E|\/|||\/I-TFSI), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC), and their fluorinated equivalents. The secondary cell according to claim 20, wherein the liquid electrolyte also contains one or more functional additives in the form of salts or solvent additives, for example one or more additives selected from the group consisting of unsaturated cyclic carbonates, such as vinylene carbonate; fluorinated lithium phosphates; cyclic sulfates; and cyclic sulfones; and diluents, for example one or more diluents selected from the group consisting of fluorinated ethers, for example 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3- tetrafluoropropyl ether, or bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether; fluorinated carbonates, for example or bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate; fluorinated orthoformates, for example tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) orthoformate; fluorinated phosphates, for example tris(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl) phosphate; fluorinated phosphites, for example tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite; or fluorinated borates, for example tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) borate. The secondary cell according to any one of claims 14-21, wherein the cation transference number is at least 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, or 0. Vehicle comprising a separator according to any one of claims 1-13 or a secondary cell according to any one of claims 14- A method for manufacturing the separator according to any one of claims 1-13, comprising a. Functionalizing the inorganic particle, followed by; b. Attaching the inorganic particle to the separator. A method for manufacturing the separator according to any one of claims 1-13, comprisinga. attaching the inorganic particle to the separator, followed by; b. functionalizing the inorganic particle. 12
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE2250046A SE2250046A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 | 2022-01-19 | Separator for a secondary cell |
| PCT/EP2022/086048 WO2023138846A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 | 2022-12-15 | Separator for a secondary cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE2250046A SE2250046A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 | 2022-01-19 | Separator for a secondary cell |
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| WO (1) | WO2023138846A1 (en) |
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| US9711771B2 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2017-07-18 | Celgard, Llc | Porous membranes filled with nano-particles, separators, batteries, and related methods |
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- 2022-12-15 WO PCT/EP2022/086048 patent/WO2023138846A1/en active Application Filing
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| US20060166085A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2006-07-27 | Creavis Gesellschaft Fuer Tech. Und Innovation Mbh | Ion conducting battery separator for lithium batteries, method for the production and use thereof |
| WO2009125984A2 (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2009-10-15 | Sk Energy Co., Ltd. | Microporous polyolefin composite film with a thermally stable porous layer at high temperature |
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